IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.25 


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U   ill  1.6 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WUSTH.N.Y.  USaO 

(716)872-4503 


#1 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historlques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged/ 


D 


Couverture  endommagie 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  peliicuiie 


I — I   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


|~~|   Coloured  maps/ 


D 
D 
D 
0 


D 


Cartes  gtographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (I.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 


D 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  iiure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  AtA  filmAes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


Thai 
toth 


L'Institut  a  microfilmi  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  tti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restauries  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicolories,  tacheties  ou  piquies 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materit 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I   Pages  damaged/ 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~pjr  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~^  Pages  detached/ 

rr^   Showthrough/ 

F^  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~1   Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I   Only  edition  available/ 


The 
poss 
of  t^ 
filmi 


Orig 
begi 
the! 
sion 
otha 
first 
sion 
or  ill 


The 
shall 
TINI 
whi( 

Map 
diffc 
entii 
begi 
righ 
raqi 
mat 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  M  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  i 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

[/ 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

Th«  copy  filmad  h«r«  hat  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Thomas  Fiihar  Rart  Book  Library, 
Univanity  of  Toronto  Library 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
gAnirosit*  da; 

Thomas  Fishar  Rara  Book  Library, 
Univarsity  of  Toronto  Library 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacificatlons. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Las  imagas  auivantes  ont  M  reproduites  avac  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tanu  da  la  condition  et 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'oxamplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformiti  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  do 
filmaga. 

Las  axamplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  an 
papiar  ast  imprimAa  sont  filmis  en  commenqant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darniira  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  filmis  en  common^ ant  par  la 
prarmAra  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
amprainte. 


Tha  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
ahall  contain  tha  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  das  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -<-»>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmad  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmad 
beginning  in  tha  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  llluatrata  the 
method: 


Las  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  ttre 
reproduit  en  un  soul  clichA.  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  an  bas,  an  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  nAcessaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6    \ 

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,||Mtr»*«fr» 


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j«f>t»<t* 


OF  4,y0TA0E  FOR  THE  DISCOVERY  OF  A 

FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC; 

FBBVOBMED  IIT  THB  TBARS  1819-20> 

or  Bta  mmbstt's  s0^^  Moscui  aj^d  oriper  , 


VKBIB  TIB  OBAXM  O* 

«^)WH«LIAM  BDWARD  PARRT,  R.N.,  F.R.B., 


*,; 


AND JDMIIANDBB  OF  THE  EXPEIMTION. 


WITH  AN  APPENDIX. 


1^       niBuiUD  BT  ACtiosm  o^^pn  m>u»v  ooiaaHionnM'  oi  nn  AMOBiXfr. 


r  ■    .rvi 


TO  WHICH  IS  ADDBD> 

Tins 
NOBTH  GEORGIA  GAZETTE, 

AND 

WINTER  CHRONICLE. 


FHILAOELPHU: 
iMIftWTJBD  JUfD  PUBl^tSMBD  BT  ABRJUUM  SMALLt 

jf  «"*"•"  Na.  165,  Chenat  StNct. 

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CONTENTS. 


yd^  VII 

XtPfl 


CHAPTER  L 


femf  to  peiielnite  (Ae  Jee  (o(^  ^Mtef^  <^MM(--royi^  lip  tft0  i9t^ 
'~4a$9age  through  ^  Mse  to  the  Weotern  Coait-FJtrrkoal  of  Foo- 
MtiHon  Baif,  oh  the  southern  tide  of  the  eutrouce  into  Skr  Jama 
idMetuter*t  SOmtd,  •  9 

CHAPTER  II. 

Mutnmee  into  BirJamet  Laneastei's  Sound  of  Bt^h^-^UmnUfvpltd 

fo»MM  to  the  Wettward—Dieeoverpand  Bxaminaiion  ^Jmmie 

SeteiSpt  JiiUt^Progress  to  the  Southward  eUmped  hff  JSx^Jfiktuim 

%.,     teihe  JVbrtiiward— Poia  Barrow^t  Stnritf  and  enter  the  Polar  Seop 

«  •  •  •     .         •     .         ».  •  33 


CHAPTER  III. 

tiaoourdiU  Jfypearakees  of  an  open  Wetterl^  Pateage^Lond  to  the 
'\  JNMhwardt  a  teriee  of  Alunde—'General  ofpearanee  af  tlum-^ 
^tket  wiih  tome  O^truetionfrom  toip  Idandt  mrromuted mith  M 
-^Bentatni  ijf  Eepnmaux  Bute,  and  neitund  product^  i  ~ 
Martin  JUaiuf — Tedioue  JilUvii^UionJrom  Foge  and  Md&-^1 
of  tteering  a  proper  Couree — JirriotU  and  itonding  on 
htand—Proeeed  to  the  mttward,  and  reacft  the  Mtridion  oTitO* 
IT.  Long,,  the  Jknt  ttage  in  the  Senile  fjfaewarde  granted  ty  Jet 
if  Parliament,  .  .  ,  .  54 

CHAPTER  IV. 

JMIer  exmnenaHan  of  MeMUe  Itland'^^Conliniutttion  of  oar  jnv- 
gr0to  the  fFesttpard-^Long  detention  iy  the  lee-^Parhf  itnt  on 
ffttfrc  to  hunt  Deer  and  Jflusk-oxen-^Betum  in  three  (MM*  ^kt 
hring  their  way— Mtnone^jf  <m  their  oaxwiit— tProceerf  to  Me  met" 


M 


^.Mphr^,'     s«.«v,»»4iL 


^^-.xrf^uJ^Ai* 


'JiwfflWl  !nwma»iiHMMytf?. 


«".'%^.Tff-,flr'mT- — .jtwi^^  ■'■''"**!'' 


, 


if 


OONTBXTftf 


ward,  tittJiwUlif  itopaed  fty  the  Ici-*In  retumnig  tb  m  Boitward 
the  Oriper  forced  on  the  beach  fry  the  lee—^arehfort  and  diKvotry 
ojt  a  Wvdtr  HaiAow  cm  MdviU/t  /stond— fl^peralJOM  S^  Mcuniif 
tht  Shifi  in  thtif  ftvKXif  qp^ntUn*         .  .  .         7S 

CHAPTER  V. 

Preeou/iofts  far  securing  the  Ships  and  Stora — For  promoting  good 
of4cr»  ckanlineut  health,  and  good-humour,  anumg  the  fiSk^ii'  oo»- 
pania^Establiihment  of  a  VutUre,  and  of  the  Mrth  6eorgia 
Oofiette^Breeiion  of  ofi  Obttrp^tor^  qn  Short^Qommtme  Mr 
wader's  Jmusements— State  ofihe'i^mperature  and  various  Mko- 
rologic^  Phenomena'-^isedlaneous  odeurrences  to  the  dose  l^the 
Fear  1810.         .  .  .  .  .  . 

CHAPTER  VI. 


Mr 


iW  ^  ■ 


First  J^Mrance  ^  ^cwrvy-^The  Jturora  Borealit  and  other  MUeo- 
totogusal  Phenomend^Visits  of  the  H^otves-^Be-appetirauee  qf  the ' 
.^un— Extreme  low  Temperature— 'Destruction  oftne  MauK  onSfwre 
by  Fire— severe  Frost-bites  occasUmed  by  thU  Jieddent.  118 

CHAPTER  VII. 

More  temperate  Weather-^Bome  12^-&ut{f— ^n(i(y  ofJce  eoUtefed  on 
^  OMs  lower  detk^-^JtfUeoroUfgieal  Fh(fnomcna~^ConM$i^ 
^  D^fricof  BnterttttHmenti-^Tncreased  Siekness  on  board  Me 
Griper—Clothes  first  dried  in  the  open  JUr-^Hemarkable  Halos 
4nd  FarheliaSnoW'blindness— Cutting  the  Ice  roum^Vie  Ships 
and  other  Oeeurrenees  to  the  ekdeqf  Miy,  .  .133 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Jtimwi^ross  Mthfm  Island  to  thej^nnihem  Shore,  and  return  to 
^  Mips  by  a  diffntnt  Boute*      ''        .  .  .        iS$ 

CHAPTER  IX. 

Oeomrencee  at  ff^ter  Biarbour  in  the  early  Part  of  June—Gradual 
pissolutisn  of  the  Ice  upon  the  Sea,  and  of  the  Snow  upon  the  tand 
•—HunHttg  Parties  sent  out  to  procure  Game— Decease  and  Burial 
ofvrmiam  Scott— Equipment  of  the  Ships  completed— Temperate 
feather  during  the  Month  of  July— Breaking  up  of  the  Ice  near  the 
mps^,,^ove  to  the  lower  Part  of  the  Harbour— Separation  of  the 
loe  atihe  BUtrance-^Prepare  to  SaU—Mstraet  ^  ObserwiHens 
ma^  m  minttr  Harbour,  .'        .  v  f*        ;       ^yy 


MimiiTi. 


9h 


CHAPTER  X. 

Leave  Winter  Barhemr^¥UUUritig  Jfypearomt  tf  thi  Sea  Ut  Ihe 
Weihoard^-^Stopped  6y  fAe  Jbe  near  Ctepe  Baa  Fwrthtr  FrtfrtM 
to  tke  longiMe  0^113*48'  88".5»  being  the  freetemmoei  Mniiiaa 
hitherto  reached  in  the  Fotar  Sea*  to  the  Mrth  qf  .iMcrioo— 
Banke*e  Land  dieamered^nereaeed  Extent  and  Dim^ntiam  eftht . 
Jctf-— Xetem  to  the  Eattward,  to  endeavonr  to  penetrate  the  10  ta 
the  SMhward-^Dieeoverif  qf  eteeral  Melande'^Me-enter  Barrage 
Strattrand  Survey  He  8onth  Coaet^Paee  through  Sir  Jamee  Laof 
eaetetf^e  Sound,  on  our  Return  to  England.  .  .195 

CHAPTER  XI. 

Progreee  down  the  ¥Ft$tem  Coaet  of  Bqftn'e  Ban^-'Meelt  wtt4  Me 
Whakre^-AeeouiA  cfwrne  Eequimaiux  vn  the  Inlet  called  (Ac  Broer 
Clyde— Continue  the  Sureetf  of  the  Coaet,  till  etopped  bpMBein  the 
Latitude  of  QBi'—tMged  to  nm  to  the  Eaetward^^miUeee  Jl- 
tempte  to  regain  the  Land^  and  Pinal  Departure  from  the  /ec— Jto- 
marke  upon  the  Probable  Exhtenee  and  PraetiaabUU^  </  a  Mrth' 
Weet  Paseage,  and  upon  the  ff^hale^Pieherf — Baieteroue  Weather  in 
eroeeing  tfte  Mlanlie — Loee  rf  the  Btela*e  Boweprit  and  Foremaet-^ 
JirrivtU  in  England        .  .  .  .  •        833 


ird  the 

Baloe 

Shipe 

133 


APPENDIX 

No.  I.     ■  M  Jccomt  of  Experimetits  to  determine  the  JieeeleraHon 
ofthe  Pendulum  in  different  Latitudee,         .       267 

No.  II.— Aemarfcs  on  the  State  of  BiaUh  and  Dieeaee  on  board  the 
Beda  and  Griper,  .  .  .        270 

No.  III.— Gfeneroi  Bemarke  on  the  Beight  of  the  Tidee  in  Winter 
Harbour.  .  .  .  .       378 


-t^-^ll-w^ 


~        r^  ^, 


3^1  Tfl*»s*  *'»§^:X^'" ' 


nrtnoDUCTroN. 


HIS  Majmtjr'fe  Government  having  determinid  en  th*  aqvUp- 
nent  of  an  Expedition  to  ittempC  the  diMover]r  of  a  Nordi-weet 
Paetage  into  the  Pacific,  the  Lord*  Commiuionen  of  the  Admi* 
lUty  were  pleased  to  honour  me  with  the  command ;  and  my  Com* 
miMion  for  Hit  Majetty's  ship  Hecla,  waa  dated  the  16th  ot  Janu* 
try,  1819.  I  arrived  in  London  on  the  aoth,  and  commiauoned 
the  Hecla  at  Deptford  on  the  following  day.  The  second  vessel 
appointed  for  this  service  was  the  Griper,  gun-brig  i  she  waa  eom- 
nissioned  by  Lieutenant  Matthew  Liddon,  who  was  directed  to 
^t  himself  under  my  orders,  on  the  d9th  of  Janaary. 

The  Hecla  was  a  bomb,  of  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  tona« 
built  in  a  merchant's  yard  at  Hullf  in  the  year  1815,  of  large  scant* 
fing,  and  having  a  capacious  hold*  which  made  her  peculiarly  fit 
for  this  service.  The  Griper  was  originally  a  gun4>rig,  of  one 
hundred' and  eighty  tons;  and  it  was  proposed  by  the  Navy  Board 
fo  raise  tipon  her  a  deck  ok  six  feet,  so  as  to  increase  her  stowage 
as  much  as  possible.  Both  ships  had  been  taken  into  dock  about 
the  middle  of  December,  in  order  to  undergo  a  thmrough  repair, 
and  to  receive  every  strengthening  Which  the  nature  of  the  service 
demanded. 

The  number  of  individuals  employed  on  this  service,  amounted 
to  ninety-four ;  their  distributiop  on  board  each  ship  is  here  shewn. 

OFFICERS,  SEAMEN,  MARINES,  &c. 

Embarked  en  board  Hia  Majntya  Shipt  Beela  and  Griper, 

ON   BOARD   THE  HEOLA. 

lieutenant  and  Comitoander— William  Edward  Parry  -  1 

Astronomer— Captain  Edward  Sabine,  R.A.       •        •  •  I 

Lieutenant— Frederick  William  Beechey  •        -  «»'  f 

Surgeon— John  Edwarda  -        -        -        -        •  -  I 

Puner—WUliam  Harvey  Hooper  -        -       -  .  | 

Carried  over  5 


m' 


vni 

Brought  over  5 
Atiiitant  Surgeon— Ale»uid«r  ^iaher  -.  -  -  -  1 
Midihipmen— Joienit  Nias,  WHliam  J.  Bekley,  Charles  Pal- 
mer, James  Clarke  Ross,  and  John  Bushnan  .  .  5 
Clerk— James  Halse  -  •-  -  -  •  -  1 
Gunners-James  Scallon  w  .  .  .  .  .  1 
Boatswain— Jacob  Swansea               .....  i 

Carpenteiw-William  WaUis 1 

Gre«dUnd  Masl«r^ John  Allisen  -        .        -        -  1 

Greealaaci  Male— George  Cnlwfevd  ...       •  1 

COOlC  -  -        .;  -  -  -  -  -  -  I 

JLeadiiig  Men  -          .  .  .       ^       .       .  4 

Quarts-Master  -         -  -  -       .       -       -  % 

6unners«>nnte  -          -  -  ....  1 

Boatsiwain's-msite  -       -  .  -       -       .       .  i 

Car|MiMerV>mate  .  .  .        .        .       .  1 

Armourer'sHnate  •>  .  -       -       -       «  1 

Sail-maker  «           .  .  .       .       .       *.  } 

Able  Seamen  .           .  .  ....  31^ 

Serjeant  of  Marinet  -  -  •.•«.! 

PrNiites6f  ditto  ...  .       .       .       .  $ 

Total  5« 

OH  BOAKD  THE   GIIIPEB. 

LfemtenaBC  and  Commander— Matthew  Liddon       -  .        | 

Lieutenan^^-^enry  Paricyns  Hoppner           -           -  -        i 

Assistant  Surgeon— Cliitrles  James  Beverly             -  -        1 
Midshipmen— Andrew  Reid,  A.  M.  Skene,  and  William 

:  Nelson  Griffiths           .           .         -         -         .  .3 

Clerk— Cvrus  Wakeham             ...         .  -       1 

Greenland  Master— George  Fife           -         -         .  , .        1 

Greenland  Mate— Alexander  Elder       .         .         .  .        f 

Cook           .           .        .         .         .         .         .  .1 

Leading  Men          - -3 

Quartnr^maaier       w.         ^         ..         .  -i 

Gunner's-mate        -        -         .         -         .         .  -1 

Boatswain's-mate              .         .         .         .         .  .        1 

Sarpenter's-maie              .         ./     l*.         .         -  .        i 

.rmourerVmate             .         .'  J      .         -         -  ,       % 

Siil-maker           .           .         .         .         .         .  .1 

Able  Seamen        ...*.         .•.         .  .18 

Corporal  of  Marines         -         -         -         •         .  .       1 

Brivatcs  of  ditto 4 

Total  36 


Kmfsm 


ix 


As  an  encouragement  to  the  officers,  seamen,  and  marines,  Who 
were  desirous  of  being  employed  on  this  service,  the  Lords  Com- 
missioners of  the  Admiralty  were  pleased  to  grant  to  every  indi- 
vidual engaged  in  the  Expeditioa,  double  the  ordinary  pay  of  His 
Majesty's  Navy.  The  ships  were  speedily  manned  with  a  full 
complement  of  excellent  seamen  ;  nearly  the  whole  of  those  who 
had  served  on  the  former  Expedition  having  again  volunteered 
their  services,  besides  numerous  othen  who  were  anxious  to  be 
employed  on  this  occasion. 

llie  mode  of  fortifying  or  strengthening  the  ships  was  princi- 
pally  the  same  as  that  adopted  on  board  the  Isabella  and  Alexan- 
der in  1818.  The  Lords  Commissionen  of  the  Admiralty  were 
pleased  to  direct  the  Navy  and  Victualling  Boards  to  furniah  every 
thing  which  the  experience  of  the  former  voyage  had  suggested  as 
necessary,  and  during  the  whole  progress  of  our  fitting,  I  received 
the  greatest  attention  and  assistance  from  those  Boards,  who  most 
readily  complied  with  every  wish  expressed  by  me  for'  the  more 
complete  equipment  of  the  ships. 

The  mode  of  rigging  the  vessels  was  that  of  a  barque,  as  being 
the  most  convenient  among  the  ice,  and  requiring  t^e  smallest 
number  of  men  to  work  them ;  a  consideration  of  no  little  impor- 
tance, where  it  was  a  material  object  to  sail  with  as  few  ptenons 
as  possible,  in  order  to  extend  our  resources  to  the  utmost.  The 
Hecla's  mizen-topsail  was,  therefore,  taken  away,  and  the  mizjcn- 
mast,  top-nust,  gaff,  and  driver«>boom  lengthenedf  so  as  to  m|lce 
lip,  by  a  large  driver  and  gaff-topsail,  nearly  the  same  quandiy  cif 
after-sail  as  htfd/ttt  the  foremast  and  mainmast  remaining  the  SiNn^jl^ 
as  on  the  forttie/r  Mtablishment.  By  this  alteration  we  were  enabled 
to  put  the  ship's  company  into  three  watches,  a  regulation  which  ia 
well  kiiK^wn  to  tettl  very  essentially  to  the  health  and  comfort  of 
seamen,  white  it  serves  also  the  important  purpose  of  teaching 
them  their  own  strength,  and  increasing  their  activi^  on  occasions 
requiring  more  than  ordinary  exertion. 

The  ships  were  completely  furnished  with  provisions  and  stores 
for  a  period  of  two  years;  in  addition  to  which,  a  large  supply  of 
fresh  meats  and  soups,  preserved  in  tin  cases,  by  Messrs.  Donkin 
and  Gamble,  of  Burkitt's  essence  of  malt  and  hops,  and  of  the  es- 
sence of  spruce,  was  also  put  on  board,  besides  a  number  of  other 
extra  stores,  adapted  to  cold  climates,  and  a  long  voyage.  Tht 
antiscorbutics  consisted  of  lemon-juice  (which  forma  a  part  of  the 


f-t 


g."; 
?(*, 


1  1 


daily  rations  on  board  His  Majesty's  ships),  vinegar,  sour-krout, 
pickles,  and  herbs;  and  the  whole  of  the  provisions,  which  were 
of  the  very  best  quality,  were  stowed  in  tight  casks,  to  preserve 
them  from  moisture  or  other  injury.  As  a  matter  of  experiment, 
a  small  quantity  of  vinegar*  in  a  highly-concentrated  state^  recom- 
mended and  prepared  by  Doctor  Bollman>  was  also  put  on  board* 
and  was  found  of  essential  service,  the  greater  part  of  the  common 
kind  being  destroyed  by  the  severity  of  the  frost.  In  order  to  save 
stowage,  only  a  small  proportion  of  biscuit  was  received }  flour, 
which  had  been  previously  kiln-dried  with  great  care,  being  substi- 
tuted in  its  place.  For  the  purpose  of  baking  for  the  duly  con- 
sumption of  the  crews  during  the  winter  months,  a  portable  oven 
was  furnished  to  the  Hecia ;  and  after  a  good  leaven  had  been  once 
(Obtained,  we  found  no  difficulty  in  baking  light  and  wholesome, 
bread,  even  in  the  severest  part  of  the  season.  The  ships  were 
ballasted  entirely  with  coals,  (of  which  the  Hecla  stowed  seventy, 
and  the  Griper  thirty-four  chaldrons),  together  with  such  a  quan- 
tity of  fire>wood  as  was  necessary  for  the  stowage  of  the  casks  in 
the  holds. 

To  add  to  our  warmth,  and  to  keep  out  the  snow  during  the 
winter,  a  housing-cloth  was  prepared  of  the  same  materials  as  that 
with  which  wagons  are  usually  covered,  and  which  being  laid  on 
planks,  supported  amidships  by  spars  lashed  fore  and  aft  between 
iSfi  masts,  snd  resting  with  their  lower  ends  on  the  gunwale,  com- 
pletely answered  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  intended. 

Care  was  taken  to  provide  abundance  of  warm  clothing,  and  one 
suit  of  the  best  quality  was  liberally  furnished  for  each  man  em- 
ployed in  the  Expedition,  to  be  served  gratis  at  my  discretion* 
Among  the  numerous  articles  of  this  kind  which  contributed  es- 
sentially to  our  comfort,  a  wolf-skin  blanket  was  supplied  for  etch 
officer  and  man,  which,  in  addition  to  those  of  the  common  sort, 
eifectually  kept  the  people  warm  in  their  beds,  although  from  the 
necessary  economy  in  fuel,  the  temperature  of  the  decks  was  frer 
quently  much  below  the  freezing  point  during  the  nights. 

To  be  prepared  against  the  chances  of  meeting  with  any  nativeif 
in  the  countries  which  we  were  about  to  visit,  the  ships  were  di- 
rected to  be  furnished  with  a  large  quantity  of  various  kinds  of 
presents,  both  to  secure  their  friendship,  and  to  purchase  any  sup- 
plies  of  which  wa  might  stand  in  need.    In  short,  nothing  was 


XI 

omitted  which  could  in  any  degree  tend  to  the  sucresl^Cff  the  en* 
terprise,  or  to  the  health,  convenience,  and  comfort  of  those  en* 
gaged  in  it.  I  feel  myself  particularly  indebted  to  the  kindness  of 
Commissioner  Cdnningham,  and  the  officers  employed  ihider  him 
in  the  different  depai^ments  of  the  dock-yard  at  Deptford,  in  com- 
plying  withy  and  even  anticipating,  my  wishes  for  the  promotion  of 
these  objects.  My  thvnks  are  also  due,  in  an  especial  manner  to 
my  friend  Captain  Henry  Garrett,  agent  victualler  at  that  port, 
whose  ready  ittention  to  all  our  wants  in  his  public  department, 
could  only  be  equalled  by  the  warm  hospitality  we  experienced 
from  him  during  the  tim^  of  our  equipment. 

While  care  was  thus  taken  that  nothing  should  be  wanting  to 
ensure  the  success  of  the  Expedition  in  its  main  object,  the  improve- 
ment of  geography  and  navigation,  as  well  as  the  general  interests 
of  science*  were  considered  as  of  scarcely  less  importance.  For 
this  purpose,  a  number  of  valuable  instruments,  (of  which  a  list  is 
subjoined),  were  furnished  to  each  ship;  and  Captain  Sabih'c,  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  who  was  recommended  by  tHe  Presidchit  and 
Council  of  the  Royal  Society,  was  embarked  on  board  the  Hecla, 
as  Astronomer  to  the  Expedition. 

Previously  to  our  leaving  Deptford,  the  ships  were  Visited  by 
Viscount  Melville,  who  presided  at  the  Admiralty,  as  well  ias  by 
several  of  the  Lords  Commissioners,  and  by  the  Comptrblt<^r  of  the 
Navy,  who  were  pleased  to  express  their  satisfaction  at  th^  man- 
ner in  which  their  directions  and  intentions  had  been  complied 
with  in  the  general  equipment  of  the  Expedition.  On  the  2d  of 
May,  I  repaired  to  the  Admiralty,  to  receive  their  Lordship's  final 
Instructions  for  the  conduct  of  the  Expedition,' b  copy  of  which  im- 
mediately precedes  the  Narrative. 


List  of  the  Instruments^  ^c.  embarked  071  board  each  of  the  two    ' 

Ships. 

TImm  BMrked  with  an  AMertek  were  farnialied  to  the  Heela  onlj. 

*  2  Astronomical  Clocks,  with  Stands. 

11  Chronometers  on  board  the  Hecla,  and  ftfur  on  board  the 
»  Griper. 

#*|  Transit  instrument.  - 


/ 


/ 


/I 


• 


fc-     / 


xu 

*  1  Portable  obMnmtory. 

*  1  Repeating  circle. 

1  Bipping*needle.    *  A  second  ditto,  the  property  of  Hemy 
Browne,  esq. 

*  1  Instrument  for  magnetic  force,  on  Captain  Kater's  improved 

constructicm. 

*  1  Variation  transit. 

*  1  Variation  needle. 

4  Azimuth  compasses,  on  Captain  Kater^s  improved  con- 
struction. 

1  Dip-sector,  invented  by  Dr.  WoUaston. 

2  Mountain  barometers.  / 
2  Marine            ditto. 

2  Altitude  instruments,  invented  by  Captain  Kater. 

1  theodolite. 

2  Anglometers. 

1  Circular  protractor. 

3  Artificial  horizons. 
1  Hydrometer. 

1  Water-bottle,  invented  by  Dr.  Marcet. 
10  Thermometers.  . 

*  4  Self-registering  ditto,  (Sixers),  with  iron  cases  for  fastening 

•to  the  deep-sea  lead. 

*  2  Electrometers,  with  chains. 

Together,  with  a  complete  set  of  drawing  instruments,  scales, 
beam-compaitses,  &c.  for  the  construction  of  charts. 

On  our  return  to  England,  in  the  beginning  of  November,  1820 
all  the  journals,  logs,  charts,  and  drawings,  which  had  been  fur**' 
nished  by  every  individual  belonging  to  the  Expedition,  were  de^ 
livered  to  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty,  to  be  at. 
their  disposal ;  and  their  Lordships  were  pleased  immediately  to 
direct  ^them  to  be  returned  into  my  hands,  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
paring for4>ujblft^tioh^lindei^  their  authority,  an  official  account  of 
the  voyage.  ■    v 

In  performing  this  duty;  it  has  been  my  earnest  endeavour  equal- 
ly to  avoid,  on  the  one  hand,  a  too  minute  and  tedious  detail  of 
occurrences,  which^  as  the  materials  for  a  future  account,  properly 
form  a  part  bf  a  manuscript  journal,  but  which,  if  given  in  theit^ 
original  form,  would  only  serve  to  tire  by  their  repetition ;  and  on 


\ 


■■—**»»•- ,^.  ,„^. 


the  other,  to  omit  nothing  which  came  under  my  notice,  and  that 
may  be  considered  interesting,  either  by  the  scientiBo  or  the  gene- 
ral reader. 

The  following  account  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Expedition  it 
taken  principally  from  the  official  Journal  kept  by  myself  on  board 
the  Hecla,  and  always  written  within  twen^-four  hours  after  the 
occurrence  of  the  events  recorded  in  it.  In  seVeral  instances,  how- 
aver,  I  have  been  happy  to  avail  myself  of  the  joumala  or  reports 
fiumisbed  by  the  other  offic^ers,  in  all  which  cases  the  obligation  is 
acknowledged  by  inverted  commas,  and  by  personalty  mentioning 
the  individual  who  supplied  the  acbount.  !>a» 

The  Chart  in  this  volume,  comprising  surveys  of  every  coast 
visited  by  the  Expedition  during  the  voyage^  is  reduced  from 
those  drawH^on  bc«rd  the  Hecla  under  my  immediate  inspection, 
by  Mr.  Bushnan,  Midshipman  of  that  ship,  a  gentlenum  well  skill- 
ed in  the  construction  of  charts,  and  in  the  art  of  marine  skirveying. 
The  original  is  lodged  in  the  Hydrographical  Office  of  the  Admi- 
ralty, together  with  a  detailed  account  of  all  the  angles  and  other 
materials  used  in  their  construction.  As  it  waa  known  that  no  re- 
liance could  be  placed  on:  the  compaiises  from  the  spot*  where  dur 
discoveries  commenced  (namely,  from  the  entrance  of  Sir  James 
Ijancaster*8  Sound,  westward),  it  was  determined j  from  the  first, 
altogether  to  reject  magnetic  bearings  in  the  construction,  of  the 
charts,  using  only  those  deduced  astronomically  from  the  sun's  al- 
titude and  azimuth,  together  with  its  angular  distance  from  the 
object  whose  true  bearing  was  required.  Astronomical  bearinga 
were  always  thus  obtained  at  the  same  time  with  observations  for 
latitude  and  longitude.  Whenever  it  was  considered  expedient  to 
take  them  at  other  times,  the  log  was  of  necessity  resorted  to,  in 
order  to  obtain  the  ship's  place  from  the  nearest  observation  ;  and 
when  this  time  happened  to  fall  nearly  midway  between  two  .ob- 
servations, the  mean  of  the  reckoning,  worked  backwtoda,  and  for^. 
irards,  was  taken  to  fix  the  ship's  place.  In  the  selection  of  an- 
gles for  the  construction  of  the  charts,  those  have,  for  obvious  rea<^ 
sons,  been  preferred,  which  were  most  easterly  or  westerly,  when 
an  observation  for  latitude  was  made  ;  and  those  which  were  most 
northerly  or  southerly,  at  the  time  of  an  actual  observation  for  de- 
termining the  longitude.  When  Angles  only  were  taken,  that  is, 
when  the  sun  was  obscured  so  as  to  prevent  the  possibili^  of  ob- 
taining his  altitude  and  azimuth,  the  angles  were  Hsed  by  laying 


XIV 


tbcm  off  from  one  or  more  points,  whose  geographical  position  had 
been  previously  fixed  }  and  by  this  means,  in  many  instances,  the 
former  angles  have  been  found  to  correspond  and  intersect  accu- 
ralely,  when  ^re  would  otherwise  have  been  considerable  dbubt 
M  to  the  exact  place  of  the  'ship.  The  observations  for  latitude 
nd  kmgitade  have  been  seldom  or  never  made  by  less  than  two, 
and  frequently  by  three  or  four,  observers^  and  a  mean  of  these 
uaed  in  ihe  coostrucdon  of  the  chart.  The  observers  were  genc^ 
rally  Captain  Sabine,  Lieutenant  Beechey,  Mr.  Hooper,  and  my- 
aetf  I  the  angles  were  taken  with  a  sextant  i  sometimes  by  myself, 
and  sometimes  by  Lieutenant  Beechey,  to  wliose  skill  and  industry 
an  this  department  of  my  duty,  I  am  happy  to  acknowledge  myself 
vary  materially  indebted. 

To  avoid  unnecessary  repetition  in  the  course  of  Ae  following 
Narrativef  it  miwt  be  remuked  that  all  the  bearings  are  tii^  truh 
OUM,^  uidess  otherwise  expressly  noticed ;  and  the  whole  of  the 
latitudes  are  .iVbriA,  and  the  longitudes  West  from  the  meridim  of 
Greenwich^  The  temperatures  were  registered  entirely  l^Fah** 
renhei^  tfiermometer,  and  it  may  be  necessary  to  inform  the  gene- 
ral reader^  that  the  signs + and  •—  preceding  any  number  of  degrees^ 
signify  above  or  below  2tfro  of  that  scale. 

The  temperature  of  the  sea  at  diffeteht  depths  was  obtained,  un- 
less otherwise  noticed,  by  Sixe's  self-registering  thermometer,  con- 
fiaedj  in  an  iron  case,  and  attadied  to  the  deep-sea  lead.  The 
bottle  used  for  bringing  up  water  from  different  depths  bdow  the 
surface,  was  invented  by  Doctor  Marcet,  expressly  for  the  use  of 
this  Expedition.  It  consists  of  a  strong  and  heavy  cylindrical  box 
of  cast  iron,  having  a  small  aperture  at  each  end ;  through  theses 
apertures  passes  a  bolt  which,  when  let  down  into  its  place,  com* 
pletely  closes  them,  but  when  held  up  by  means  of  a  catch  in  die 
uj^er  partof  the  box,  allows  the  water  to  pass  through  them  free* 
Iy»  both  at  the  top  and  bottom;  Being  thus  set,  it  is  let  down  to 
May  depth  required,  by  a  line  pacing  through  a  hole  in  a  spherical 
iron  weight  about  the  size  of  a  four-pounder  shot,  which  is  retain- 
ed on  board  till  the  instrment  is  low  enough  ;  the  weight  is  then 
let  go,  and  running  rapidly  down  the  line,  strikes  the  catch  so  as 
to  release  it)  and  close  the  apertures,  confining  the  water  which 
has  entered  the  cylinder.  Thi&  instrument,  from  its  extreme  sim- 
plicity, and  the  certainty  with  which  it  obtains  the  water  from  a 


'-•*^*.t*%' . 


>y 


known  depth,  scemf  the  best  of  any  which  has  yet  been  adopted  far 

this  purpose. 

Care  hasbeen  taken  to  avoid*  as  much  as  possible,  the  use  of 
technical  expressions,  which  might  serve  tp  render  the  Narrative 
unintelligible  to  any  but  seamen :  as,  however,  such  exprtasiona 
cannot  at  all  times  be  dispensed  with»  especially  in  the  navigatioa 
among^cc,  the  nature  of  which  is  totally  diiferent  from  any  other, 
I  have  subjoined  an  Explanation  of  the  few  terms  of  this  kind 
which  occur  in  the  course  of  my  Journal. 

I  had  once  thought  to  have  cursorily  drawn  up  a  connected  Nar- 
ntive  of  the  numerous  efforts  and  the  results  of  former  Expedi- 
tions, sent  out,  by  this  country  and  other  maritime  nations,  to  ex- 
plore the  Arctic  ■regions,  from  the  earliest  periods  to  the  present 
time ;  but  as  this  would  have  occupied  a  considerable  space,  and, 
after  all,  would  have  been  but  a  brief  abstract  of  what  Forster, 
Burney,  and  Barrow,  have  already  done,  it  appeared,  on  second 
thoughts,  a  superfluous  undertaking.  My  mQtiv^  indeed,  it  must 
be  frankly  owned,  was  rather  of  a  selfish  kind,  the  gratification  of 
myself  and  comrades,  by  thus  bringing  together  the  repeated  ex- 
ertions of  two  centuries,  and  those  of  a  single  vQyage»  and  by  in- 
stituting a  comparison  of  their  results,  so  favoun4>le  and  so  flatter- 
ing to  ail  oi  us  who  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  employed  on  that 
voyage.  Here,  however,  I  must  be  permitted  to  say  that,  what- 
ever the  extent  of  our  success  may  have  been,  it  is  to  be.aacribed^ 
in  a  great  degree,  to  the  zealous  and  cordial  co-operation  of  Lieu- 
tenant Liddon  and  all  the  officers  of  both  ships,  and  the  uniform 
good  conduct  of  the, men,  to  all  of  whom,  collectively  and  indivi- 
dually, I  am  most  happy  in  availing  myself  of  this  opportuni^,  of 
publicly  tendering  that  justice  which  is  so  eminendy  their  due. 

In  closing  this  introductory  part  of  the  work,  I  would  willingly 
offer  a  few  words  by  way  of  apology,  for  the  many  faults  which,  I 
am  but  too  well  convinced,  will  be  found  in  the  s^le,  of  the  Narra- 
tive. It  has  been  said,  **  Les  marina  tcrivent  mal,  mat*  avec  asaez 
de  candeurJ*^  None  can  feel  more  deeply  than  myself  the  truth 
of  the  former  part  of  this  assertion  ;  and  none,  I  can  with  equal 
sincerity  aver,  have  studied  more  to  deserve  the  concluding  part ; 
but  I  build  my  chief  hopes  of  disarming  the  severity  of  criticism, 
on  a  consideration  of  that  early  period  of  life  at  which  the  nature 
of  our  profession  calls. us  from  our  studies,  and  which,  in  my  own 
case,  drew  me  away  at  the  age  of  twelve,  and  has  kept  me  con- 


ttaadly  emplojred  at  Mt  ever  tince.  The  extent  of  njr  nioi  hu 
been,  te  give  a  plain  and  faithful  account  of  Uie.  facta  which  I  col- 
lected, and  the  observatimia  which  were  made  by  niyaelf  and  oUiers, 
in  the  conrae  of  the  voyage;  and  these,  as  far  as  they  go,  may  be 
relied  on  as  scrupulously  exact.  It  is  for  others,  better  qualified 
than  ourselveSf  to  make  their  deductions  from  those  tacts. 


EXPLANATION  OF  TECHNICAL  TERMS 

Made  U»e  of  in  the  course  of  the  foUowirig  Narrative, 

So^-iirr.— Ice  newly  formed  upon  the  surface. 

Beeeti^^The  situation  of  a  ship,  when  so  closely  surrounded  by  ice^ 
■   '  as  to  prevent  her  sailing  about. 

JSt^Af.— An  indentation  in  a  floe  of  ice,  like  a  bay,  by  which  name 
it  is  sometimes  called. 

BHnk^-'K  peculiar  brightness  in  the  atmosphere  which  is  almost 
always  perceptible  in  approaching  ice,  or  land  covered 
with  snow.— Xand-blink  is  usually  more  yellow  than 

'  that  of-^  ice. 

jBore.— .The  operation  of  ^boring"  through  loose  ice  consists  in 
entering  it  under  a  press  of  sail,  and  forcing  the  ship 
through  by  separating  the  masses. 

C/rar  ITaffr.— The  sea  unincumbered  with  ice. 

OottfViVtf«<p*-A  circular  house,  like  a  cask,  fixed  at  the  mafet- 
head,  in  which  the  look-out  man  sits,  either  to  guide  the 
-    ship  through  the  ice,  or  to  g^ve  notice  of  whales. 

Z)0ci.— An  artificial  dock  is  formed  by  cutting  out  with  saws  a 
square  space  in  a  tluck  floe,  in  which  a  ship  is  placed,  in 
order  to  secure  her  from  the  pressure  of  other  mastes 
which  are  seen  to  be  approaching,  and  which  might  other- 
wise endanger  her  being  *«  nipped."-— A  <*  natural  dock'* 
is  simply  a  small  bight,  accidentally  found  under  similar 
circumstances. 

/'{f^.^A  sheet  of  ice^  generally  of ,  great  thickness,  and  of  such 
extent  that  its  limits  cannot  be  seen  from  a  ship's  Qiastr 
head. 


?t,- 


'^wrrf. 


ifo#.*«Tlie  MOM  M  •  field,  except  that  its  exteilf  Mttbe  dittm* 
guisbed  from  «  thtp^s  raMt-head.— A  «  bay-floe'*  it  • 
flo*  of  ice  newly  formed  upon  the  surface. 

A  ffakf  or  P9»i  tf  Waier,^^K  small  space  of  clear  water,  sur^ 
rounded  by  ice  on  every  side. 

Land  /ce.-»tce  attached  to  the  land,  either  in  floes,  or  in  heavy 
grounded  masses,  forced  up  near  the  shore  by  eztemid 
pressure. 

A  Lead,-^A  channel  through  the  ice.— A  ship  is  said  to  take  a 
right  lead,  when  she  follows  that  channel  which  conducts 
her  into  a  clear,  or  at  least,  a  navigable  sea,  and  vice  vertSt, 

ifipped.—'To  be  forcibly  pressed  between  two  or  more  masses  lif 
ice. 

A  Poci.— >A  large  body  of  loose  ice,  whose  extent  cannot  be  seen. 

A  Patch  o/'/cff.— The  same  as  a  pack,  but  of  small  dimensions. 

SaUing'  Jce,if^lct  of  which  the  masses  are  so  muth  separated,  aa ' 
to  allow  a  ship  to  sail  among  them  without  great  difficulty, 

A  Tongve,-^A  mass  of  ice  projecting  under  water,  in  a  horizontal 

direction,  from  an  ice-berg  or  floe.^— A  ship  sometimes 

grazes,  or  is  set  fast  on  a  tong(ue  of  ice,  which  may,  how* 

ever,  generally  be  avoided^  being  easily  seen  in  smooth 

■'■■>  •       water.  ■  ■    ■         ■      ' 

AWater'Sitfi—'A  certain  dark  appearance  of  the  sky  Which  indi* 
cates  dear  water  in  that  direction,  and  which,  when  con- ' 
trasted  with  the  blink  over  iCe,  or  land,  is  very  conspi- 
cuous. 

T^iijgo  J^ff.—^The  same  as  bay-ice. 


•».V' 


OFFICIAL  INSTRUCTIONS. 

By  the  Commissioner*  for  executing"  the  Office  of 
Lord  High  Admired  of  the  United  Kingdom 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland^  ^c.^c* 

WHEREAS  we  have  thought  fit  to  appoint  you  to  the  com- 
mand of  an  Expedition,  for  the  purpose  of  endeavouring  to  disco- 
ver a  North-west  Passage  from  the  AtIantic,to  the  Pacific  Oceanr 
you  ar«  hereby  required*  and  directed  tc  put  to  sea  in  the  Hecla, 
and,  in  company  with  the  Griper,  wh.   i,  wi^h  her  commander 


/^3 


Lieutenant  Liddon,  hn  been  placed  under  yourorderty  make  tht 
bcit  of  your  way  to  the  entrance  of  Davis'  Strait. 

On  your  arrival  in  this  Strait,  your  further  proceedinga  must  be 
regulated  chiefly  by  the  position  and  extent  of  the  ice;  but,  on  find- 
ing it  sufficiently  open  to  permit  your  approach  to  the  weatern 
shores  of  the  Strait,  and  your  advance  to  the  northward  as  far  as 
the  opening  into  Sir  James  Lancaster's  Sound,  you  are  to  proceed 
in  the  first  instance  to  that  part  of  the  coast,  and  use  your  best 
endeavours  to  explore  the  bottom  of  that  Sound ;  or,  in  the  event 
of  its  proving  a  strait  opening  to  the  westward,  you  are  to  use  all 
possible  means,  consistently  with  the  safety  of  the  two  ships*  to 
pass  through  it,  and  ascertain  its  direction  and  communications; 
and  if  it  should  be  found  to  connect  itself  with  the  northern  sea, 
you  are  to  make  the  best  of  your  way  to  Behring's  Strait. 

If,  however,  you  should  ascertain  that  there  is  no  passage  through 
Sir  James  Lancaster's  Sound,  but  that  it  is  enclosed  by  continucMis 
land,  or  so  completely  blocked  up  with  ice  as  to  afford  no  hope  of 
a  passage  through  it,  you  are  in  that  case  to  proceed  ta  the  north* 
ward,  and  in  like  manner  exan^ine  Alderman  Jones's  Sound.  Pul- 
ing to  find  a  passage  through  this  Sound,  you  are  to  make  the  best 
c^your  way  to  Sir  Thomas  Smith's  Sound*  which  is  described  by 
Baffin  as  the  largest  in  the  whole  bay ;  and  carefully  explore,  as  far 
as  pvacticisblei  every  part  of  it,  as  well  as  of  any  strait '  you  may 
diecdveri  leading  from  it  into  any  other  sea.  On  failing  to  midce 
a  passage  through  this  Sound,  you  are  to  return  to  the  southward 
down  Baffin's  Bay,  and  endeavour  to  make  your  way.  through  Cum- 
berland Strait,  or  any  opening  in  that  neighbourhood  which  may  lead 
you  to  the  seas  adjoining  the  eastern  or  northern  coast  of  America; 
you  are  then,  by  whatever  course  you  may  have  reached  these 
seas,  to  pursue  your  voyage  along  that  coast,  to  the  northward  or 
Westward  to  Behning's  Strait. 

We  have  hitherto  supposed  that,  on  your  first  arrival  in  Davis' 
$trait,  the  navigation  to  the  northward  shall  be  found  practicable. 
If,  how^ivei*,  you  should  find  the  contrary  to  be  the  case*  and  that 
the  sea  towards  the  western  side  of  the  Strait  is  so  loaded  with  ice, 
as  to  render  it  difficult  and  dangerous  for  the  ships  to  proceed  so  far 
to  the  northward  as  Lancaster  Sound,  at  so  early  a  period  of  the 
season ;  it  may  be  advisable,  in  that  case,  to  endeavour  in  the  first 
instance,  to  examine  Cumberland  Strait,  or  any  other  opening  that 
jenay  be  likely  to  bring  you  to  the  eastern  coast  of  America,  in  pre- 


■V. 


xix 

femwe  to  the  lost  of  time  and  the  danger  to  the  »hipt,  whicli  might 
be  occasioned  in  persevering  too  anxiously  in  the  attempt  to  get 
to  Lancaster  Sound  t  and  should  you,  on  your  first  reaching  Davis' 
Strait,  find  it  to  be  impracticable  to  make  your  way  up  the  western 
side  of  the  Strait  to  that  Sound,  or  even  to  Cumberland  Strait*  you 
will  understand  that  you  are  at  liberty  to  proceed  towards  those 
places,  going  round  by  a  more  easterly  track,  if  the  state  of  the 
ice,  and  all  other  circumstances,  should  induce  you  to  think  it  roost 
advisable  to  do  so.    Thus,  although  the  track,  which  we  wish 
^yott  to  pursue,  if  practicable,  is  pointed  out }  you  will,  nevertheless, 
perceive,  that  the  course  to  be  finally  adopted  by  you  for  getting 
to  the  northward,  is,  in  fact,  left  to  your  own  discretion,  on  a  care- 
ful examination  into  the  state  of  the  ice  on  your  arrival  in  Davis' 
Strait;  always  bearing  in  mind,  that,  it  is  an  important  object  of 
the  Expedition,  that  Lancaster  Sound  be  thoroughly  examined  by 
you,  and  afterwards  those  of  Jones  and  Smith,  if  you  should  have 
failed  in  previously  finding  a  passage  to  the  westward. 

Should  you  be  so  successful  as  to  find  a  passage  to  the  west, 
ward,  it  will  be  advisable  to  make  the  beat  of  your  way,  without 
stopping  to  examine  any  part  of  the  northern  coast  of  America,  to 
Behring*8  Strait ;  and  if  you  should  fortunately  accomplish  your 
passage  through  that  Strait,  you  are  then  to  proceed  to  Kamtschatka 
(if  you  think  you  can  do  so  without  risk  of  being  shut  up  by  the 
ice  on  that  coast),  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  to  the  Russian 
Governor,  duplicates  of  all  the  Journals  and  other  documents 
which  the  passage  may  have  supplied,  with  a  request  that  they 
may  be  forwarded  over  land  to  St.  Petersburgh,  to  be  conveyed 
firom  thence  to  London.  From  Kamtschatka  you  will  proceed  to 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  or  Canton,  or  such  other  place  as  you  may 
diink  proper,  to  refit  the  ships  and  refresh  the  crews;  and,  if  during 
your  stay  at  such  place,  a  safe  opportunity  should  occur  of  sending 
papers  to  England,  you  should, send  duplicates  by  such  conveyance. 
And,^after  having  refitted  and  refreshed,  you  are  to  lose  no  time 
in  returning  to  England,  by  such  route  as  you  may  deem  most 
convenient. 

If,  at  any  period  of  your  voyage,  but  particularly  after  you  shall 
have  doubled  the  north-eastern  extremity  of  America,  the  season 
shall  be  so  far  advanced  as  to  make  it  unsafe  to  navigate  the  ships, 
on  account  of  the  long  nights  having  set  in,  and  the  sea  not  being 
free  from  ice ;  and  the  health  of  your  crews,  the  state  of  the  ships, 


T^'^ 


-.•-:^^i 


$ni  «tt  ctmmmA  ciwmBatMMt,  fhotiU  combiM  to  iedoM  y«i  t» 
forpi  tb«  molMtion  of  winitring  in  tlipM  regions,  fou  ore  to  «w 
yoor  btti  fadAavoim  todiicover  m  •hdtMod  Mid'Milii  hnboniv 
whom  iIm  ihipt  mmf  bo  flM«4  in  •ccorMf  for  tlw  wiater}  taUay 
■yell  OMMiirM  for  the  health  ami  comfim  of  tha  paapla  coMimitiad 
to  jroor  chargtt  aa  the  oMteriaU  with  which  yoo  are  airppllad  for 
houtipfin  the^  ihipa^  or  httttlii)g  the  omii  on  ehorot  aMjr  oMbla  joha 
to  do.  And,  if  jrou  shall  find  it  expedient  to  reiorc  lo.thianMa* 
tore,  and  you  ihoald  meet  with  any  inhabitantft«itiMr  EtqniaianK 
ier  Indians;  near  the  place  where  jrott  wintar,  you  are  to  endeavour, 
by  every  meam  in  your  power,  to  cultivate  a  friendahip  with  them^ 
by  making  them  preaenta  of  luch  articles  as  you  may  br  anppUad 
with,  and  which  may  be  useful  or  agreeable  to  them.  You  wiU^ 
however,  take  care  not  to  suffer  yourself  to  be  surprised  by  theaav'> 
but  use  every  precaution,  and  be  coostandy  on  your  guard  agaiaat 
any  hostility. 

You  will  endeavour  to  prevail  on  them,  by  such  reward,  and  to 
be  paid  in  such  manner,  as  you  may  think  best  to  answer  the  pur- 
poM,  to  carry  to  any  of  the  settlements  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, or  of  the  North*  West  Company,  an  account  of  your  situa* 
tion  and  proceedings  (  with  an  urgent  request  that  it  may  be  for- 
warded to  England  with  the  utmost  possible  despatch. 

Ini|n  undertaking  of  this  description,  much  must,  <tf  course,  be 
alif lya  left  to  the  discretion  of.  the  commanding  officer-)  ind,  as 
the  :^ects  of  this  Escpedition  have  been  fully  explained  to  you^ 
and  you  have  idready  had  some  experience  on  service  of  this  na- 
ture, we  are  convinced  we  cannot  do  better  than  lei|ve  it. to  your 
judgment,, when  on  the  spot,  in  the  event  of  your  not  making  m 
paaaage  diis  season,  either  to  winter  on  the  coast,  with  the  view  of 
following  up  next  season,  any  hopes  or  expectations  which  your 
observations  this  year  may  lead  you  to  entertain,  or  to  return  to 
England,  to  report  tons  the  result  of  such  observations ;  always 
recollecting  our  anxiety  for  the  health,  comfort,  and  safety  of  your-, 
self,  your  officers,  and  men.;  and  further  considering  how  fiiir  the 
advantage  of  starting  next  season  from  an  advanced  position,  may 
not 'be  counter-balanced  by  what  mi^  be  auffered  during  the.  in^in- 
ter,  and  by  the  want  of  such  refreshn^ent  and  refitting,  as  wotdd 
be  afforded  by  your  return  to  England. 

.  We  deem  it  right  to  caution  you  against  suffering  the  two  ves^ 
seh  placed  under  your  orders  to  separate,  except  in  the  event  of. 


-■--'< '■.-i^.-«<-2;'».'*- 


'.*•  ";'i''i-""'*i. 


ixi 


McidMt  or  niMivoidibte  atctititjr,  aikd  w«  dnire  70U  to  ktep  up 
dM  nUMt  — icwwf  d  eooiamiikatioiit  with  tira  comttiftnder  of  the 
Gfiper  {  piMhigte  hi«  orery  piropcr  coniideBcef  and  M^uainting 
Mm  widi  th«  gentral  tAflor  of  ywtt  orden»  tod  with  your  ricw* 
and  iMencioMf  iroin  time  «o  time,  in  the  execution  of  them  { that 
tbe-eenrlce  toajr  have  the  full  benefit  of  jrouf  united  eflbrtt  in  the 
praaectttlon  oftuch  a  tetvice ;  and  that,  in  the  event  of  umnroida* 
ble  aeparation,  or  Of  any  accident  to  yourtelff  Liftutenant  Liddon 
nmy  have  the  advintage  of  liB6wing»  up  to  the  latest  practicable 
period,  all  your  ideas  and  intentions,  relative  to  a  satisfacto^  com« 
pletioa  of  this  intereiting  undertaking. 

We  also  recommend,  that  as  frequent  an  exchange  take  place^ 
as  conveniently  may  be,  of  the  observations  made  in  the  two  ships; 
that  nny  scientific  discovery  made  by  the  one  be»  as  quickly  as 
poesiUe,  communicated  for  the  advantage  and  guidance  of  the 
other,  in  making  their  future  observations ;  and  to  increase  the 
chance  of  the  observations  of  both  lieing  presclrved. 

We  have  caused  a  great  variety  of  valuable  instruments  to  be  put 
on  board  the  ships  under  your  orders ;  of  which  yOu  will  be  fur- 
nished with  a  list,  and  for  the  return  of  which  yoU  will  be  held  re- 
sponsible ;  and  we  have  also,  at  the  recommendation  of  the  t*resi- 
dent  and  Council  of  the  Koyal  Society,  ordered  to  be  received  on 
board  the  Hecla,  Gabuin  Sabine,  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  who  is  re- 
presented to  us  as  a  gentleman  well  skilled  in  Astronomy,  Natural 
History,  and  various  branches  of  knowledge,  to  assist  you  in  mak- 
ing such  observations  as  may  tend  to  the  improvement  of  Gebgra- 
phy  and  Navigation,  and  the  advancement  of  science  in  general. 
AoMHiigst'^ther  subjects  of  scientific  inquiry,  you  wiU  particularly 
dirlrct  your  attention  to  the  Variation  and  inclination  of  the  mag- 
netic needle,  and  the  intensity  of  the  ihagnetic  force  }  you  will  en- 
deavour to  ascertain  how  far  the  needle  may  be  affected  by  the  dt- 
mospherical  electricity,  and  what  effect  hiay  be  produced  on  the 
electrometer  and  magnetic  needle  on  the.  appearance  of  the  Auro- 
ra Borealis.  You  will*  keep  H  correct  register  of  the  temperature 
of  dl«b  iir^  and  of  the  sea,  at  the  surface  and  at  different  depths. 
Tou  will  cause  the  dip  of  the  horizon  to  be  frequently  observed 
by  thc'dip  sector,  invented  by  Dr.  WoUaston;  and  asccrttiin  whi^t 
effect  may  be  produced  by  measuring  that  dip  across  fields  of  ice, 
as  compared  with  its  measurement  across  the  surface  of  the  open 
You  will  also  (iause  frequent  observations  to  be  made  for  as- 


X 


Vi 


)A^:)'y.vA 


xxif 


eertaining  the  refiraetioii,  and  what  effect  may  be  produced  by  ob*' 
ierving  an  dbject,  either  celestial  or  terrestrial^  over  a  field  of  ice, 
as  com|Mtf«d  with  objects  observed  over  a  surface  of  water:  toge- 
ther with  such  other  meteorological  remarks  as  you  may  have  op- 
Sortunities  of  making.  You  are  to  attend  particularly  to  the  height, 
iitction,  and  strength  of  the  tides,  and  to  the  set  and  velocity  o^ 
the  currents ;  the  depth  and  soundings  of  the  sea,  and  the  nature 
.of  the  bottom  ;  for  which  purpose  you  are  supplied  with  an  instru- 
inent  better  calculated  to  bring  up  substances  than  the  lead  usual- 
ly employed  for  this  purpose. 

And  you  are  to  understand,  that  although  the  finding  a  passage 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  is  the  main  object  of  this  Expedi- 
tion, yet,  that  the  ascertaining  the  correct  position  of  the  different 
points  of  the  land  on  the  western  shores  of  Baffin's  Bay,  and  the 
different  observations  yoa  may  be  enabled  to  make  with  regard  to 
the  magnetic  influence  in  that  neighbourhood^  supposed  to  be  so 
near  the  position  of  one  of  the  great  magnetic  poles  of  the  earth, 
as  well  as  such  other  observations  as  you  may  have  opportunities 
of  making  in  Natural  History,  Geography,  &c.,  in  parts  of  the 
globe,  8cc.,  little  known,  must  prove  most  valuable  and  interesting 
to  th^  science  of  our  country ;  and  we,  therefore,  desire  you  to 
give  your  unremitting  attention,  and  to  call  that  of  all  the  officers 
wider  your  command,  to  these  points  ;  as  being  objects  likely  to 
prove  of  almost  ec{ual  importance  to  the  principal  one  before-men- 
tioned, of  ascertaining  whether  there  exist  any  passage  to  the  norUi- 
ward»  from  the  one  ocean  to  the  other. 

For  the  purpose,  not  only  of  ascertaining  the  set  of  the  currents 
in  the  Arctic  Seas,  but  also  of  affording  more  frequent  chances  of 
hearing  of  your  progress,  we  desire  that  you  do,  frequently  after 
you  have  passed  the  latitude  of  65°  north,  and  once  every  day, 
when  you  shall  be  in  an  ascertained  current,  throw  overboard  a 
bottle  closely  sealed,  and  containing  a  paper  stating  the  date  and 
position  at  which  ;t  is  launched  ;  and  you  will  give  similar  orders 
to  the  Commander  of  the  Griper,  to  be  executed  in  case  of  separa- 
tion ;  and,  for  this  purpose,  we  have  caused  each  ship  to  be  sup- 
plied with  papers,  on  which  is  printed,  in  several  languages,  a  re- 
qttest»  that  whoever  may  find  it  should  take  measures  for  transmit- 
ting it  to  this  office. 

And  although  you  are  not  to  be  drawn  aside  from  the  main  ob- 
ject of  the  service  on  which  you  are  employed,  as  loi^g  as  you  may 


MMHwiMnMiM.. 


XXIU 


jte  enabled  to  make  any  progress  ;  yet,  whenever  you  may  be  im- 
peded by  the  ice,  or  find  it  necessary  to  approach  the  coasts  of  the 
continent  or  islands*  you  are  to  cause  views  of  bays,  harbours, 
headlands,  &c.,  to  be  carefully  taken,  to  illustrate  and  explain  the 
track  of  the  vessels,  or  such  charts  as  you  may  be  ah'.c  to  make  ; 
in  which  duty  you  will  be  assisted  by  Lieutenants  Beechey  and 
Hoppner,  whose  skill  in  drawing  is.  represented  to  be  so  consi- 
derable, as  to  supersede  the  necessity  of  appointing  {Hrofessiooal 
draughtsmen. 

You  are  to  make  use  of  every  means  in  your  power  to  collect 
and  preserve  such  specimens  of  the  animal,  mineral,  and  vegetable 
kingdoms,  as  you  can  conveniently  stow  on  board  the  ships ;  and 
of  the  larger  animals  you  are  to  cause  accurate  drawings  to  be 
made,  to  accompany  and  elucidate  the  descriptions  of  them :  ia 
this,  as  well  as  in  every  other  part  of  your  scientific  du^,  we  trust 
that  you  will  receive  material  assistance  from  Captain  Sabine. 

In  the  event  of  any  irreparable  accident  happening  to  either  of 
t^e  two  ships,  you  are  to  cause  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  disa- 
bled ship  to  be  removed  into  the  other;,  and  with  her  singly  to  pro- 
ceed-in prosecution  of  the  voyage,  or  return  to  England,  according  • 
'  as  circumstances  shall  appear  to  require ;  understanding  that  the 
officers  and  crews  of  both  ships  are  hereby  authorised  and  required 
to  continue  to  perform  their  duties,  according  to  their  respective 
ranks  and  stations,. on  board  either  ship  to  which  they  may  be  so  re- 
moved, in  the  event  of  an  occurrence  of  this  nature.  Should,  un- 
fortunately, your  own  ship  be  the  one  disabled,  you  are,  in  that 
case,  to  take  the  command  of  the  Griper ;  and,  in  the  event  of  any 
fatal  accident  happening  to  yourself.  Lieutenant  Liddon  is  hereby 
authorised  to  take  the  command  of  the  Hecla,  placing  the  officer 
of  the  Expedition,  who  may  then  be  next  in  seniority  to  him  in 
command  of  the  Griper;  also,  in  the  event  of  your  own  inability 
by  sickness  or  otherwise,  at  any  period  of  this  service,  to  continue 
to  carry  these  Instructions  into  execution,  you  are  to  tranfer  them 
to  the  officer  the  next  in  command  to  you  employed  on  the  Expe- 
dition, who  is  hereby  required  to  execute  th*em  in  the  best  manner 
he  can,  for  the  attainment  of  the  several  objects  in  view. 
'  His  Majesty's  Government  having  appointed  Lieutenant  Frank- 
lin to  the  command  of  an  expedition  to  explore  the  northern  coast 
of  North  America,  frjm  the  mouth  of  the  Copper-mine  River  of 
Hearne ;  it  would  be  desirable,  in  the  event  qf  your  touching  on 


)  .- 


'■■    X      VofV 


^^:: 


XXIV 

that  coast,  to  leave  tome  testimonial  of  your  having  been  there,; 
with  the  4ate,  and  such  circumstances  as  you  may  find  convenient* 
for  the  lieutenant's  information ;  and  you  will  do  the  same  where- 
evdr  y 311  may  stop  on  that  coast,  by  erecting  a  pole,  having  a  fiag^ 
or  some  other  mark  by  which  it  may  be  distinguished  at  a  distance,' 
(and  you  should  endeavour  to  place  such  mark  on  the  situation  in 
whichiit  may  be  most  extensively  visible,)  and  burying  a  bottle  at 
the  foiot  of  it,  or  otherwise^  containing  an  abstract  of  your  procted- 
ings  and  future  intentions ;  corresponding  instructions  having  been 
given  to  Lieutenant  Franklin  to  leave  a  similar  notice  at  any  con- 
venient pait  of  the  coast  wluch  he  knmr  disccKirer  between  the  mouth 
of  the  said  river  and. the  eastern  part  of  North  America. 

You  a^,  while  executing  the  service  pointed  out  in  these  In- 
structions, to  take  every  opportunity  that  may  offer  of  acquainting 
our  Secret^^y,  for  our  infonnsUion,  with  your  progress:  and  on 
your  arrivi^  in  England^:  you  are  immediately  to  repair  to  this 
oCce,  in  order  to  laybiefore  us  a  full  account  of  your  proceedings 
in;  die  whole  course  of  your  voyage ;  taking  care,  before  you  leave 
the  ship,  to  demand  from  the  officers,  petty  officers,  and  aU  other 
ipersons  on  board,  the  logs  and  journals  they  may  have  kept ;  to* , 
gether  with  any  drawings  or  charts  they  may  have  made;  which, 
are  all  tor  be  scaled  up ;  and  you  will  issue  similar  directions  t»' 
Lieutenant  Liddon  andhis  officers,  &c.;  the  said  logs,  jounudb^oiTr: 
other  documents,  to  be  thereafter  disposed  of  as  we  may  think  pro- 
per tp  determine., 


(Signed) 

Btf  Command  of  their  Lordships, 

(Signed)  J.  W.  Choker. 


Melville, 

O.  MoOREy 
G«  COCKBVRN. 


To  JUmtenant  WiUi€im  Edward  Purrgf 
Commandite  Bk  Mt^estif'a  Ship 


'W^' 


rj/U, 


VOYAGE  FOR  THE  DIRCOVERY 


OF   A 


NORTH-WEST  PASSAGE. 


CHAPTER  I. 


.?i, 


Paaage  aerou  the  ManUc-^Enter  Davit*  Strait^Vnaueeeiiful  at- 
tempt to  penetrate  the  Ice  to  the  Weitem  Coast— Voyage  up  tAe  Strait 
f^Ptuaage  through  the  lee  to  the  Western  Coast — Mrrvoal  off  Pos^ 
MsHon  Bay,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  entranu  into  Sit  James 
Lancaster's  Sound. 

,  THJ^  Hecla  and  Griper  were  ready  to  drop  down  the 
xiver  in  the  early  part  of  April;  bat,  the  wind  o^ntinuing  to  the 
eastward,  the  pilots  would  not  venture  to  turn  them  down/  'the 
wind  remuned  in  the  same  quarter  till  the  beginning  oJT  May» 
beyond  which  time  it  would  not  have  been  prtvdent  to  deiay  our 
moving.  Application  was,  therefore,  made  for  a  steam-boat  fb 
low  the  ships  to  Northfleet,  and  on  the  4th,  at  eight  A.M.,  the 
Hecla  was  taken  in  tow  by  the  Eclipse,  of  six^-horse  power.  With 
a  fresh  breeze  right  a-head,  she  moved  at  thie  rate  of  three  mites 
and  a-half  an  hour  through  the  water,  and  was  made  fast  to  the 
bu^  at  Nprthfleet  at  a  quarter  past  noon,  'tht  steam-boat  returned 
to  Deptferd  for  the  Griper,  and  arrived'with  her  at  night. 

The  guns  and  gunner's  stores  were  received  on  board  on  the 
6th;  and  all  the^  iron  being  now  stowed,  as  it  would  probably  re- 
main for  the  rest  of  the  voyage,  the  afternoon  of  that  day  was  oc- 
cupied in  obtaii^ing  some,  steady  observations  on  die  irregularities 
of  tibift  magnetic  niieedle  01^  board  the  Hecla,  by  turning  her  head 
routid  to  each  point  of  the  compass  in  succession. 

The  ships  took  their  powder  on  board  On  the  7th,  and  moved 
to  the  Lower-IIopiB.  On  the  evening  of  the  fbllo wing  day  they 
iHmchored  at  the  Nore,  where  the  instruments  and  chronometers 
were  embarked.  I  fuimished  Lieutenant  Liddon  with  a  complete 
copy  of  the  instructions  which  I  had  received  from  the  Lords 
Cpmu^sj^rs  of  the  Adviiralty,  together  with  an  order  contata^ 


10 


ing  general  directions  for  the  economical  use  of  the  provisions 
and  stores,  and  for  the  mode  of  registering  the  various  observa- 
tions to  bfr  made  during  the  voyage;  appointing Jtlso. certain  places 
of  rendezvous  in  case  of  unavoidable  separation.   ' 

Captain  Sabine  went  on  shore  at  Garrison-Point,  on  the  9th»  to 
make  observations  on  the  magnetic  force  with  some  needles  of  a 
new  ciipastruction  by  Captain  Heniy  Kater. 

Coiiimissioner  Boyle  came  on  board  on  the  evening  of  the  10th, 
.to  superintend  the  payment  of  the  arrears  of  wages,  and  three 
^pionths'  advance,  to  the  seamen  and  marines.    On  the  following 
"^  ^Ntyt  when  the  men  had  supplied  themselves  with  a  sufficient  stock 
W  clothes,  according  to  a  list  w  hich  had  been  previously  isi^ued, 
the  ships  weighed  at  ten  A.M.,  and  at  noon  were  abreast  the 
Nore-light.    The  wind  being  free,  the  Hecla,  at  sunset,  had  out- 
sailed the  Griper  about  three  miles. 

Finding  the  Griper  continued  to  detain  us  this  morning,  I  de« 
termined  to  take  her  in  tow,  and  at  three  P.  Af'  we  ran  through 
Ymmouth  Roads,  but  anchored  in  the  evening  with  ille  flood-tide/ 
the  wind  being  too  U^jht.to  enable  the  ships  to  st^m  it.  Soon 
i^t^r  muloight  we  again  wei(^e4,  thie  wiud  naving  got  routed  ^o 
the  N.b.W.  On  the  morning  of  the  14th;  ih  beating  to  the  not^- 
ward,  the  Hecla  touched  the  ground  on  the  east  end  <^  ^herinj^Hllfii- 
Shoals,  Cromer  Ug^-hquse  bearing  S4>.£*  per  con>paf s*  Hie 
pilot  should  not  have  brottja^t  it/^  thi^  iiiaitward  of  kbinh^  <m 
vhich  bearistg  there  19  no  danger,  Pindthg  the  ships  made  1^ 
vri^iaiid  that  \i  would  Qot  he  practicable  to  anchor  v^ith  tlifejlel^ 
tidCf.we  bore  iip  for  V^urmoutfal  Itoads,  md  antHored  Witl^n  di^ 
Cockle  Gat  at  two  ?.>f.  .  '  ' 

At  noon  on  the  foUbwmg  (lav,  while  jwtting  \i»iktvfi^^f 
received  a  visit  frpm  Captaiu  Well#,  of  His  Majesty'^  slopp,  iSti^ 
^ft9  who  kindly  ol^ered  evfeiy  assistance  in  his  ^ower,  and  W  ^ 
us  our  last  supply  of  Efiglish  beef,  as  we  jpaiised  his  ship.  A 
your^e  breeze  springing  u^  on  the  mornihg  qf  die  l6th,  tli^'ik' 
per  was  taken  in  tow»  and  at  two  l*.M.  on  the  tiSilUi,  we.n^4e  f-"^^ 

Island.-.     \\' '     '  ^  ^^  '     .-■''■-..'.;,..,:'. ^ ',  \'''/T;.r--''^ 

It  fpll  calm  in  th^  evenuig,and  seyendi  nit^^cckl  (da<^  i^^ 
and  coal-fish  (Gad^^'(!!ach9nfiriu^yw^  the  centre  of '^« 

island  bearing  N.£.  |ialf  N.  per  iicMnpass«  distant  ei|;ht  Of  fitter 
miles,  tills  was  the  jUt  supplyof  ^^9^  jSih^^^^^^  Obtkihetf 
during  the  voyage.    It  w^s^l^^^^  to  «i(e,l^it; 

Island  distinctly  atthi;  disj^e  A.  tcn.miTes.  .  :^^  /^ 

^  On  the  £Oth,  we  spcj^/fc  paiiTs^^^^  Efclte,  Mm^ 

Copenhagen,  bound  to  0;;||^o-tsl|pdr;/nie  Gi^W^^;#^^ 
tow  again  in  the  evei^in^,  a^dlwe'rqunafd^e  north^hi  polttt  tif 
the  Orkneys,  at  the  distance  of'  twd  ijiitieji  and  i  hailf,  havinj^  tkM 
tVri^  to  thirty-six  fathoms  of  water.. ;!..,.  ''%* 

We  made  the  island  of  Rona  oh  the 'St  st,  and  Bark  on  the  fdt- 


^ 


;U 


Oj 


au^n 


11 

hnr'mg  morning.    The  pos^ion  of  these  ialaods  by  our  observ«> 
tions  is : 


Latitudct 
Longitude, 


BARA. 

59'  04'  24 " 
6'  14'  34" 


RONA. 
59'  05'  54" 
5"  52'  04". 


As  we  ran  along  to  the  northward  of  them,  at  the  distance  of 
six  or  sevea  miles,  the  soundings  were  from  fifty  to  sevett^-five 
fathoms,  the  deepest  being  off  Bara,  on  a  bottom  of  gravel^xoarse 
sand,  and  broken  sheDs. 

.  It  is  recommended  by  the  most  experienced  of  the  Greenland^ 
Masters,  to  cross  the  Atlantic  to  Davis'  Strait,  about  the  paraltlHr 
of  57V  or  58*,  and  I  shaped  our  course  accordingly.  A  bottlt^ 
was  thrown  overboard^  containing  a  printed  paper,  stating  the  date 
and  the  situation  of  the  ships,  with  a  request,  in  six  European  lan- 
guageSf  that  any  person  finding  it  would  forward  it  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Admiralty,  with  a  notice  of  the  time  and  place  where 
it  was  found.*  One  bottle  at  least  was  thrown  out  daily  during 
the  voya^,  except  when  the  ships  were  «  beset"  in  the  ice* 

The  wmd  being  right  aft  on  the  morning  of  the  24th,  the  Griper* 
still  in  tow,  took  the  wind  out  of  our  sailsi  and  forged  a-h«ady 
obliging  us  to  cast  off  the  hawser.  Soon  after  noon  we  made 
Bockall;  its  latitude,  by  our  observations,  was  Sf  ^8'  40",  and  its  ■ 
longitude  13"  47'  42".  The  geographical  position  of  this  remarka- 
ble rock  was  determined  by  Captain  Capet,  in  1818,  to  be  latitude 
5r  39'  38",  longitude  13*  31'  16",  which  is  to  be  preferred  to  ours, 
owing  to  the  distance  at  which  we  passed  it.  There  is,  perhaps* 
no  more  striking  proof  of  the  infinite  value  of  chronometers  at  sea, 
than  the  certainty  with  which  a  ship  may  sail  directly  for  a  single 
rock  like  this*  rising  like  a  speck  out  of  the  ocean,  and  at  the  dis- 
tance of  forty-seven  leagues  from  any  other  land.  At  seven  P.M., 
the  Griper  having  again  dropped  five  or  six  miles  astern,  we  hove 
to  for  her  to  come  up ;  and»  taking  this  opportunity  to  try  the  tem- 
perature of  the  water  below  the  surface  by  Six's  self-registering 
thermometer,  we  unexpectedly  obtained  soundings  in  one  hundred 
and  forty  fathoms,  on  a  bottom  of  very  fine  white  sand,  Rockall 
bearing  S.  85'  £.,  distant  thirty  miles  and  three  quarters.  The 
temperature  of  the  water  at  the.  bottom  was  471",  that  of  the  surface 
being  49i%  and  of  the  air  50°.  The  Griper  was  again  taken  in  tow, 
widi  a  breeze  from  the  eastward,  which  increased  to  a  fresh  g;ale 
the  following  morning,  when  tly;  hawser,  by  which  we  towed  the 
Griper,  gave  way ;  we  hove  to  for  her  in  the  evening,  being  in  lat. 
57*  04'  10",  long.  17*  52'  50",  when  some  water  was  brought  up 
from  one  hundred  fathoms*  depth  in  the  bottle  contrived  by  Doctor 
Marcet;  its  specific  gravity  was  1.0268,  at  the  temperature  of  58% 

*  The  porpoie  intended  to  be  answered  by  this  kind  of  communication,  will  be  best  un- 
dwttood,  by  referring  to  mj  Instrwtiens  from  ^e  Lords  Commtssionen  of  the  Admiralty. 


^i^_/M»**-^**^Lte 


..-.^i 


13 

that  of  the  lurface  wtter  being  the  same.  The  temperature  of  the 
water  at  the  tame  depth  was  49%  that  of  the  surface  being  50*,  and 
of  the  air  50i*. 

On  the  t7th,  we  cast  off  the  Griper,  and  hauled  a  little  to  the 
northward,  in  order  to  pass  near  the  spot  where  Lieutenant  Pick- 
ersgill  obtained  soundings,  from  three  hundred  and  twenty  to  three 
hundred  and  thirty  fsthoms,  on  the  99th  of  June,  1776;  and  at  six 
P.M.t^^being  in  lat.  56*59'  39",  and  long,  by  chronometers,  24* 
33'  40"y  the  deep>sea  clamms  were  sent  down  with  one  thousand 
and  twenty  fathoms  of  line,  without  finding  bottom.  The  tern- 
*j!|(|arature  of  the  sea  at  that  depth  was  45i',  that  of  the  surface  being 
|li*,  and  of  the  air  49*. 

It  fell  calm  towards  noon  on  the  28th»  the  ship  being  in  lat. 
^r  S6'  16",  long.  85*  11'  51".  The  current  was  tried  in  a  boat 
moored  by  an  iron  kettle,  in  the  usual  way,  but  not  the  smallest 
•tream  was  perceptible.  Six*s  thermometer  was  sent  down  to  one 
hui^dred  and  twenty  fathoms,  but  did  not  indicate  the  temperature, 
owing  to  the  mercury  rising  past  the  index,  instead  of  pushing  it 
up  before  it ;  a  failure  I  have  often  had  occasion  to  regret  in  this 
useful  instrument,,  when  thus  exposed  to  a  very  sudden  change  of 
temperature'.  It  might,  perhaps,  be  improved  for  this  particular 
purpose,  by  making  the  lower  end  of  each  index  a  little  larger,  so 
as  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  mercury  between  it  and  the  tuber 
Some  water,  from  one  hundred  and  thirty  fathoms  depth,  was*  at 
the  temperature  of  48*  on  coming  to  the  surface,  that  of  the  surface 
being  49*,  and  of  the  air  49*.  Its  specific  gravity  was  1.0366  at 
the  temperature  of  61 ',  l>eing  the  same  as  that  of  the  surface-water. 

The  wind  veered  to  the  westward  on  the  30th,  and  increased  to 
a  fresh  gale,  with  an  irregular  sea,  and  heavy  rain,  which  brought 
us  under  our  close-reefed  topsails.  At  half-past  one,  P.M.,  we 
began  to  cross  the  space  in  which  the  *^  Sunken  Land  of  Bus*'  is 
laid  down  in  Steel's  chart  from  England  to  Greenland  ;  and,  in 
the  course  of  this  and  the  following  day,  we  tried  for  soundings 
several  times  without  success. 

This  being  the  anniversary  of  His  Majesty's  birth-day,  and  the 
weather  being  calm  and  fine,  I  directed  an  additional  allowance  of 
grog  to  be  served  out,  or,  in  seamen's  phrase,  ^*  the  main  brace  to 
be  spliced."  In  the  evening,  being  then  in  lat.  55'  01',  and  long. 
35*  56',  we  tried  for  soundings  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  fathoms 
of  line,  without  finding  bottom.  The  temperature  of  the  sea  at 
that  depth  was  44i°,  surface  44i*,  air  43*. 

On  the  7th  and  8th,  we  had  hard  gales  from  the  westward,  with 
a  heavy  sea.  Indeed,  from  the  1st  to  the  14th  of  June,  we  ttdpe- 
rienced  a  continued  series  of  unfavourable  winds  and  unpleasant 
weather,  so  that  very  liitle  progress  could  be  made  to  the  west- 
ward* 

On  the  13th,  being  in  lat.  57"  51',  and  long.  41*  05',  the  temped 


IS 


rature  of  tite  sm,  at  two  hundred  and  thirty-five  fitthomt'  depdi, 
was  found  to  be  39*,  surface  4oi|%  air  41 1*.  A  very  «li|;ht  cutrenl 
was  found  to  set  to  the  southward.  We  saw,  to-day,  large  flocks 
of  sheerwaters  ^Proceilatia  yhij/inua)^  called  by  the  sailora,  **  cape 
hens,'*  from  an  idea  that  they  are  only  to  be  found  near  Cape  Fare- 
well. I  do  not  remember  to  have  met  with  these  birds  in  any  odier 
part  of  Davis'  Strait,  or  in  Baffin's  Bay. 

On  the  15th»  a  breeze.sprung  up  from  the  eastward,  and  tt  noon 
we  very  unexpectedly  saw  land  at  a  great  distance,  bearing  due 
north.  This  could  be  no  other  than  the  land  about  Cape  Farewell^, 
of  which  the  longitude,  by  our  chronometersi  being  the  same  H 
that  of  the  ship,  was  43*  56'  41",  agreeing  nearly  with  that  given 
in  the  tables  of  Maskelyne,  Mendoza  Rios,  and  Robertson*  and 
in  the  Connaistance  des  Tern*,  being  from  2*  to  3*  to  the  eastward 
of  the  position  assigned  to  it  in  most  of  the  charts.  This  accounts 
for  a  remark,  which  is  common  among  the  whalers,  that  they  al- 
ways make  this  headland,  in  coming  from  the  eastward,  sooner 
than  they  expect ;  a  circumstance  which  they  naturally  attribute  to 
the  effect  of  a  westerly  current.  If  the  latitude  of  Cape  Farewell 
be  so  far  to  the  northward  as  59*37'  30",  which  is  the  mean  of 
nine  different  authorities,  our  distance  from  it  this  day  must  have 
been  more  than  forty  leagues.  It  is  by  no  means  impossible  that 
the  bold  land  of  Greenland  may  be  distinguished  at  sd  great  ii 
distance  ;  and  it  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  weather,  at  the  time 
we  saw  it,  was  precisely  that  which  is  said  to  be  most  favourable 
for  seeing  objects  at  a  great  distance,  namely,  just  before  or  after 
rain,  when  the  humidi^  of  the  atmosphere  increases  its  transpa- 
rency*. 

The  wind  agun  backed  to  the  westward  on  the  l6th,  and  we 
stretched  to  the  northward  towards  the  land.  On  the  evening  of 
the  iTth,  being  in  lat.  58*  52'^  and  long.  48*  12',  the  colour  of  the 
water  was  observed  to  be  of  a  lighter  green  than  that  of  the  ocean 
in  general;  but  we  could  find  no  soundings  with  two  hundred  and 
ninety  fathoms  of  lii^e.  The  temperature  of  the  sea  at  that  depth 
was  38|*,  of  the  surface,  38|*,  and  of  the  air,  38|*. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  the  18th,  in  standing  to  the  northward, 
we  fell  in  with  the  first  **  stream"  of  ice  we  had  seen,  and  soon 
after  saw  several  ice-bergs.  At  daylight  the  water  had  changed 
its  colour  to  a  dirty  brownish  tinge.  We  had  occasion  to  remark 
the  same  in  entering  Davis'  Strait  in  1818,  when  no  difference  in 
its  temperature  was  perceptible.  The  temperature  of  the  water 
this  morning  was  36|%  being  3*  colder  than  on  the  preceding 
night ;  a  decrease  that  was  probably  occasioned  by  our  approach 
to  the  icAi  We  ran  through  a  narrow  part  of  the  stream,  and 
found  the  ice  beyond  it  to  be  «*  packed"  and  heavy.  The  birds 
were  more  numerous  than  usual ;  and,  besides  the  fulmar  petrels, 
*  Humboldt.  PenoMi  Namtive,  I.  pp.  81. 101,  lOS. 


.,<'? 
!?:<. 


M.'  I, 


I 


jbdAUwaipi,  Mid  kittiwakn,  we  uiw,  for  th<  fint  time*  lOfM  xot(e» 
(Aka  AlUyt  dovekies,  or  Uack  guiU«nioU  CCohfmbu$  Gryiie),  md 
terns  (Sttma  Hirundo),  the  latter  known  best  to  seamen  by  th« 
name  of  the  Greenland  swallow.  Soon  after  noon^  being  in  laL 
50*  40',  lon|.  47*  46',  and  the  water  being  of  the  same  colour  as 
in  the  mommg,  we  tried  for  soundings,  but  could  find  no  bottom 
with  two  hundred  and  sixty  fathoms.  The  temperature  of  the  sea 
at  that  depth  was  39%  that  of  the  surface  being  men  37%  and  of  the 
air  SS*.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  surface  waver  which  at  no(W 
was  1X)S63,  at  the  temperature  of  56%  had  decreased  to  1jM57, 
in  that  of  sr.  On  the  I9th,  at  noon,  we  were  in  latitude^  by  ol^ 
aervation  on  the  ice,  59'  48'  S6"*,  and  in  longitudes  by  Uie  chr^ 
nometers,  48*  01'  50'%  when  a  current  was  found  to  set  S.  5(/  W. 
lit  tbe  rate  of  six  miles  per  day.  A  breeze  springing  up  from  thf 
eastward,  we  bore  away  to  the  W.N.W.,  through  rather  close 
*(8Mliag  ice."  The  fog  which  had  prevailed  during  the  6$y 
cleared  away  in,  the  ^  evening,  and  discovered  to  us  the  coast  m 
GreenUind,  bearing  from  N.  3*  W.  to  N.  62*  £.»  at  the  distance  of 
twelve  or  thirteen  leagues.  On  the  following  morning  a  very  rp- 
markable  hill,  being  the  highest  bnd  in  sight,  was  found,  by  abase 
measured  by  Massey's  patent  log,  to  be  in  lat.  60*  53'  89"^  and 
long.  48*  42'  22".  This  position  answers  nearly  to  an  island  called 
^oua  in  Arrowsmith's  chart,  a  little  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  0<h 
ee^tion.  The  water  still  continued  of  the  same  dirty  ccdour  at 
belbre ;  but  at  half  past  four  P,M.,^when  we  hove  to,  for  the  puKf 
pose  of  taking  the  Griper  in  tow,  we  could  find  no  bottom  with  m 
liundred  and  forty  fathoms  of  line.  On  the  evecdng  of  the  fiat, 
having  run  to  the  westward  as  far  as  55*01'  W.  in  the  lat.  of  6t* 
26',  we  observed  the  colour  of  the  water  to  have  changed  from  iht 
brownish  tinge  before-mentioned,  to  a  light  bluish  green,  and  it  is 
remarkable  that  its  specific  gravity  was  found  to  have  increase4, 
within  a  few  hours,  from  1.0257  to  i.0261,  both  being  at  the  teni- 
pcrature  of  57'  when  weighed.  These  experiments  seem  to  con- 
firm those  made  on  the  18th,  and  to  render  it  highly  probable,  that 
the  brown  colour  remarked  in  the  sea  #as  occasioned  by  the  ad- 
^mixture  of  a  large  portion  of  fresh  water,  supplied  by  the  melting 
of  the  snow  and  ice. 

On  the  21st  and  22d,  we  sailed  to  the  W.N.W.  in  an  open  se4; 
and,  on  the  23d,  at  noon,  being  in  lat.  62*  43'  09'%  long.  61*  32' 
49",  we  saw  several  icebergs,  and  some  loose  ice,  to  the  north- 
westward.   We  obtained  soundings  in  the  evening  in  two  hundred 

*  The  iee  here  havii^  a  motion  whieh  wai  Tcnr  pereeptible  in  tbc  artifiekl  horiian,  yn 
liad  reooane  to  i^  modti  of  observing  the  meridian  altitade,  whioh  we  had  ooaiBiaaalljr 
adopted  in  the  fonAer  vojragie.  Two  obtervert  bronght  the  wune  limb  of  t^  aun  down  n 
aeiwrate  borixoni ;  tkjB  Brat  of  theae  taking  oai-e  never  to  allow  the  two  images  to  aepante 
entirely,  and  thejecondnerer  permitting  tncm  to  overlap.  The  mean  of  the  two  obserra* 
'  tibns  being  then  taken,  the  error  arising  Troro  the  rolling  motion  of  the  ice  may  thai  be  lA  a 
great  measure  obriated,  and  the  •Ititode  obuined  within  the  aaerctt  nainnte. 


;.JK. 


Tf"^ 


Momit^nesiiuiy  bottom,  beings  etose  to  a  fafge  Iceberg,  froM 
which  copious  streams  of  water  were  flowing  on  the  side  nest  the 
•un.  '      . 

On  the  clearing  tip  of  a  fog,  on  the  morning  of  the  24dif  we  saw 
a  long  chain  of  icebergs,  extending  several  miles  in  a  l*^.b.W* 
atad  S.b.E.  direction:  and  as  we  approached  them^  we  fomid  a  * 
Quantity  of  <•  flde*ice"  intermixed  with  them,  beyoiid  which,  to  the 
westward,  nothing  b^t  ice  could  be  seen.  At  noon,  hAtik  iik  hitv 
63*  VilttAl%  long.  6t*  34'  «8",  we  had  soundings,  with  doe  hundred 
tod  twenty  fathoms  of  litie,  on  a  bottdm  of  fine  sand^  whieh  tta1ie|^ 
it  probable  that  mbst'tif  the  ieebet^  were  aground  in  this'  phi^t^i 
Jh)  the  afternoon,  wi»  sailed  within  the  edge  of  the  ice*  ai  ittiich  ii* 
a  light  westerly  wind  would  admit,  in  or&r  to  ap|pMsN:h  theisrcst^ 
ehi  land,'a8  diretted  by  m}r  instmctioil^.  Som^  eiijriotia  tflecte  of 
atmospheric  refraction  were  obliefyed  ,thli  eVehiiifgi  tb^' low  iee 
bein^m  times  considerably  raised  ia  the  horicbn^  and'consufitly 
ahernig  its  appearance.  An  iceberg  at  die  ^ista^-iof  two '^  / 
Ihreil  miles  from  tls,  assdmed  ai»  Inverted  shap^.'  '•  •  ^  • 
"^  The  weatheiP  belnj^  bearly  talifk  <in  the  inprmn^  Of  the-SMhf  att 
die  boat^  wisre  ke|i>t  a-head,  to  tow  fhe  shf^throngh  tli(fieeii6  fhi6 
Westward.-  It ireiindned  tolerably^  b^  tilt  four  KM.,  When  ;ii 
breeze,  freshening  up  fr^inbtidie^  eastwards  taiised  the  ile-  throngh 
Which  w6  had  ktdy  been  tofwi^'to  dole  fdiifthe^kci  i^ildly,  that 
%  had  sctilr^ifly  time  to  hoist  u^'  die  Mtti  befti^^  slitipa  w«lt 
Immoveable  •tftes^ti^  The  dear  se¥  w^ii«%«'4ad'leflwas'lboiit 
ib^r  miles  to  th6  eastward  of  us^^  While  tp^ihe  WeitWird  iiothii% 
fm  one  ektenslve  field  of  ice  eonldiM  seen.  It  It  iniposSvble  f6 
cbiiceiVey  Moi^^  helpleiss  situation '  than  ilrat  of  a  shipr  tii^b^s^t, 
%beft  att  the  p6w^  that  can  \it  aipplied  will^  not  alffer  thi^diretitleB 
Il'hi!rhtida«ihigfe  degree  of  the 'eom|ttnsv  Ott  diie^  26dty  we 
iwe  M  lat^by  bbser¥atiott,  68'  59^  i^'^  tuW  fenk  6l*da'  58^\ 
bivibg'i^e  iKindr^  fltod  tWentjr^fiv^  fa^UMJtir  on  a^fine  siitdir  bot- 
ibDl.:  Th<B4il%«^ii^lhieitidicaied  Adrift «kdfe$.%.W^    SoidiebT 

'.|etld€ibeii,Mving  walked  a  mik  oi^'tWo  fironi  the  ehiips,  ima^ 
Bd^ha!t  they  Mi^iir  die  marks  of  at  sludge  opoa  di6  iee,  boras  no 

i<:e8  eitbef  tjf  d6gs  or  of  one  humane  foot  a(»pearbd|  thc^  were 
|ii^ima|ii''lRiiiit>i^'en'i  ^'    '''^' '  ,■•■:;  ..s«  ;  .':■;    ,, , 

^^,^e  wind  ilieiitaiied  to  a  swotig  gid^  ftom  thfr  Mo^hwaid^ 
#hich  condlnued't|k  l^hoie  of  the  following  day ;  When  wb  foUMd 
by  ob^ifirvatiQirdiai^  tmUM^  hiid  drifted'  I&.  sr  m^  ihirteeif  a^^ 
iud  i^  iiiiai^ct,  tht  sibitititetigs  having  dte«<Mie^  «d  otie  fmtidrid 
Ibd  twtiity'&thomsi '  ''  '  '  '  ■'  ■■'  ■  '■'  ''■■' 
2^  large  biyd^  Wl^e,  fBalafntt  ^ItiJeMn^)  b^ln^:  die  first,  was 
men  near  diel'shlpil  '  It ]s  usual  fbr  these  Inimals  to  desbend  head 
^ri^iiibst,  displaying .thcibhiadi^ri^  of  dletr; enornttbus  ta^  sfjbove 
fie  Vttiifocre  of  th^^l^teri  libt,  oh  ^ia  Oc^aaioh,  thg  i^  Was  so 
iiiis^iis  liotf  to  allmfttilf  this  mode  of  descent,  and  the  fisb  went 


1« 


j 


I 


d0WB  tail  foremott,  to  the  great  aaiiMeiiient  of  our  GreenUuid 

uilors. 

A*  long  at  the  wind  continued  to  blow  strpng  towards  the  ice» 
•o  as  to  Seep  it  close,  the  ships  lajr  securely  sheltered  from  the 
sea )  but  at  nine  in  the  evening,  when  it  veered  a  little  to  the 
westwurdy  the  ice  became  more  slack,  and  we  began  to  feel  the 
effects  of  the  swell  which  was  thus  admitted  from  without:  each 
roll  of  the  sea  forced  the  heavy  muses  of  ice  against  the  rudder 
and  counter  with  such  violence  as  would  have''  greatly  endangered 
a  ship  built  in  the  ordinary  way;  strengthened  as  ours  were,  now- 
^WffiTt  they  escaped  without  damage.  Frequent  endeavours  were 
niMle  to  l^eave  the  heads  of  the  ships  round,  in  order  that  they 
might  receive  the  heaviest  pressure  on  their  bows,  but  every  at- 
tempt proved  unsuccessful,  and  we  remained  in  the  same  unplea* 
aant  situation  .'during  the  whole  of  the  28th. 

While  in  this  sUte,  a  large  white  bear  came  near  the  Griper, 
and  was  killed  by  her  people,  but  he  sunk  between  the  p*  ':ci  of 
ice*  This  animal  had,  probably,  been  attracted  by  the  smell  of 
aome  fed  herrings  which  the  men  were  frying  at  the  time.  It  ia 
a  common  practice  with  the  Greenland  sailors  to  take  advanuge  of 
die  strong  sense  of  a metting  which  these  creatures  possess,  by  en- 
ticing them  near  the  shipa  in  this  manner. 

The  awell  had  somewnit  aubuded  on  the  29th,  but  the  shipa 
^mained  firmly,  fia;ed  in  the  ice  as  before.  In  the  course  of  the 
day  we  saw  land  bearing,  N.  69*  W.  about  thirteen  leaguea  distant^ 
appearing  from  the  nust-head  like  a  group  of  islands,  and  situated 
near  to  the  entnmce  of  Cumberluidstndti.the  soundings  were 
one  hundred  and  thlr^-five  fathoms;  the  temperature  of  the  aei 
at  that  depth  49*;  that  of  the  surface  being  the  same;  and  of  tho 
air  94**  On.  the  SOdi,  the  ice  benn  to  slacken  a  little  more  about 
die  slups;  and  ^^r  two  hours' neaving  with  a  haweer  on  each 
bow  iHti^ht  to  the  capetan  and  windlass,  we  succeeded  in  moving 
the  Hecia  about  her  own  length  to  the  eastward,  where  alone  any 
clear  sea  was  visible.  The  ice  continuing  to  open  still  more  in  the 
course  of  ,the  day,  we  were  at  length  enabled  to  get  both  shipa 
*nto  open  water,  after,  eight  hours*  incessant  laboun 

Our  first  attempt  to  approach  the  western  coast  having  thua 
fiuled,  I  -consulted  the  Qreenland  Masters,  as  to  what  were  Hxt 
B9pjit  likely  nieans  to  be  adopted  for  effecting:  this  object.  Mr* 
AlUson  thovight  it  would  be  advisable  to  run  a  degree  or  two  back 
a^in  to  the  southward;  while  Mr.  Fife  was  of  opinion,  that  it 
might  be  attempted,  with  better  chance  of  success,  about '^  lati- 
tude of  Mount  Raleigh,  which  forms  one  sid^  of  the  narrp^teat 
part  of  Davis'  Strait.  I  determined  on  the  latter,  as  being  more 
conformable  to  the  tenor  of  my  instructions  i  9sA  a  course  ,iii8 
accordingly  shaped  close  along  the  edge  of  the  ice,  which  led  ^a 
considerably  to  the  eastward  of  north,  in  ordier  to  take  advantage 


*     17 


^WBif  opening  which  might  occur.  On  getting  into  deal  water, 
'we  founo'that  the  rudderi  were  much  rubbed  by  the  l»bwa  they 
had  received  while  beset  in  the  ice. 

On  the  let  audi  Sd  <^  July»  we  continued  to  Iceep  dote  to  the 
edge  of  the  ice,  without  per#iving  any  opening  in  it.    Its  outer 
margin  coneiated  of  heavy  detached  masies,  much  washed  by  the 
•ea,  and  formed  #hat  is  technically  called  •*  a  pack*"  |this  name 
beiik  given  to  ice  when  so  closely  connected  as  not  to  admit  the 
|!iis^|iu  of  a  ship  bllween  the  masses.    Within  the  margin  of  the 
Mclt»  IV  appeared  to  consist  of  heavy  and  extensive  floes,  having  a 
pright  ice-blink  ovtr  them;  but  no  clear  water  could  be  discovered* 
to  die  westward.    The  birdst  which  had  hitherto  been  seen  ato^' 
our  first  approach  to  the  ice,  were  fulmar  petrelsf  little  auks,  loom,  > 
(Vria^BrunniehHy)  and  a  few  glaucous  gullSf  {Larfu  QlamHi*,) 

On  the  morning  of,  the  3d  the  wind  blew  strong  friptm  the  east- 
Wjl?d*  with  Ji  abort  breaking  sea  and  thick  rainy  weather,  which 
ia'acle  -our  situation  for  some  Hours  rather  an  unpleasai^t  one,  the 
Icebdog  clojie  under  our  lee.  Fortutiately,  however^  we  wea- 
Aered  it  by  stretching  back  a  few  miles  to  the  southward;  In  thd 
iftemoon  the  wind  moderated,  and  we  tacked  again  to  tl»6  north* 
Ijn^id^  crosNng  the  Arctic  circle  at  four  P.M.f  in  the  longiujfde  of 
STUf  W.  We  passed  at  least  fifty  icebergs  in  the  course  of  the 
(|nrv  many  of  them  of  large  dimensions.  At  a  quarter  past  five 
#.j|f .,  we  sounded  i» oUe  hundred  and  fifteen  fathoms;  the  vftitit 
'•I'the  surface  of  the  sea  had  the  same  brownish  tinge  which  haa 
ilready  bee^  noticed,  but  no  difference  in  its  temperature  or  specifi<; 
gral'ity  could  be  detected.  Towards  midnight,  the  wind  navin| 
imUitcd  to'thie  soutft^West,  and  moderated*  another  extensive,  chi^^ 
of  Vliy  largjc  icebergs  appeared  to  the  nordiward :  as  we  approach); 
them  the  wind  died  awayi  and  the  ships*  heads  were  kept  to  t| 
|i^^i4hiirard  only  by  the  steerage  Way  given' to  them  by  a  Heal^ 
aoi^Ukikrl^  aweUf  #hichi  dashing  the  loose  ice  with  tremendoixl 
i|||f  agiirnvt^t^  bergs,  sometimes  raised  a  white  spray  over  the 
j^t«t|>  to  the  hei|^t  of  more  than  oiie  hundried  feet,  ana  being  ac- 
cpiil^t^*^^  /*<^^^  *'  ^o^  noise,  exactly  resembling  the  roar  of  dis- 
tftiajt^thundefi  in*esented  at  scene  at  once  sublime;  and  terrific.  We 
f»uld  findno  bottdm  near  these'  tcebe^gs  with  one  hundred  and 
||b|'.:  ^thorns  of  li^e.  '^'v  '    *'  ■'■■'     " 

^'  '  A  A.M*  OQi  the  4th,  we  can^e  to  a  (|u»nitity  of  loose  ic^ 

m|h  lay  straggling  aniong  the  bergs ;  and  as  there  was  a  light 
preele  from  the  eouth ward,  an4  I  was  anxious  to  avmd,  if  pos^* 
hle^the  necessity  of  going  to  the  eastward,  I  pushed  the  Hecla  into 
l^e  ice,  in  the  hope  of  being  able  to  make  our  way  through  ^e. 
iWe  had  scaitrely  done  so,  however,  before  it  fell  calm|  whetf  Jthe 
1^  hecame  perfectly  unmanatteable,  and  was  for  some  timo  at 
Ihef' mercy  of  the  sWeiU  which  drifted  us  fast  towards  the  bern. 
4l^  the  boata  were  immediately  'sent  a*h^  to  tow;  aiid  3ke 


\ 


.i:3;,i-2,,it  >*■.«£* 


h         ..if 
> 


<:) 


m 


Ml 


II 


m' 


|i 


liripcr'*  iigDM  wn  miile,  not  ^wUl^  the  ice.  Al^r  tiro  hiontk^ 
hutl  pulUngf  w«  Buccerded  In  getting  .the  HecUi  back  agttlli  into 
clear  waterf  and  to  a  sufficient  diailnce  from  the  icebergs,  #hi)dl 
it  is  very  dangerous  to  approach  inhen  there  is  any  swell.  At 
noon  we  were  in  lat.  66*  50'  AT'p  lon|.  56'  47'  56",  being  near  the 
middle  of  the  narrowest  part  of  Davis*  Strait,  which  is  het%  ttit 
more  than  fifty  leagues  acrois.  Davis,  on  returning  fh>ni'hh» 
third  voyage,  seu  it  down  at  forty  kaguesj*  ^d  in  anoih^t  MMcH' 
remarks :  **  In  the  latitude  of  siztie-seucn  dejmies,  I  n^igRt'lli# 
Anerica.  west,  from  me,  and  Desolation,  (Greenland,)  eiat.*^ 
The  truth  of  this  last  remar^^  had  been  much  doubted,  till  ttiib 
observations  made  on  our  expedition  of  1818,  by  d^tcMttlning  th(6 
geogra^ical  position  of  the  two  cblsta  thus  seeh  bv  Davil,  IwVM 
to  confirm  the  accuracy  of  that  celebrated  and  able  hAVl^i^h 

On  the  5th,  it  was  necessary  to  pass  through  sO^e  heavy  »>^SJaHl 
of  ice,  in  order  to  aVoid  the  loss  of  time  by  gomg  rbtfnd  ,tb  th^ 
eastward'    On  this,  as  on  many  other  occasions,  tilie  a'dvatt  '   ' 


di^d  tons  less  burthen  must  have  been  immdveably  tteset.  Ttii 
Griper  wa9  on  this,  and  many  other  occasions,  only  fc^blltill  ti> 
follow  the  Hecla  by  taking  advantage  dif  the  openings  miia<fe  1»y  il^ 

latter.  .      .     i  »« 

At  noon  on  the  6th,  being  in  lat.  6^  44'  05",  16iig[,  ir  46'  i^% 
we  had  soundings  in  one  Hundre4  and  seVerity-lwo  faithdb^^  I 
bottom  of  shining  sand^  a^ix^  with  small  btifck  sj^cl;!,  kmi^ 
her  of  looms  Were  killed  which  being  veiV  ^  t6<§lt„#elKB  IfWiA 
fothe  officers  and  ship's  company*  A  herd  of  i^ea-ffbtt'es '^xVI^ 
CA<ciie  liiumarus)  being  seen  tyipg  on  a  |>i^ce  of  tce^ui'  b<6|t,Ml^ 
ceeded  in  killing  one  of  th6m.    These  f^ii Rials  usuWliieMdc^ 


water  fn  great  confusion.  ,  it  mw^  w  vo^th  rcjRiJ|rwng,  is  a 
how  tenacious  the  walrus  aoioiiptimes  is  of  W^r  ^i^  <^o  "^^^ 
killed  to-day  struggled  violently  for  ten  mtriiiteJ}  altdr  it  i#iu  stNl^ 

and  towed  the  boat  twent '^'- ^     ^^^  ^^i^  -J^    -.i-^i^^ 

of  the  haipoon  Woke ;  an<  _ 

the   iron  barb  had  penetrated 

quantity  of  the  blubber  i#as  put  into  cas!|:s,  as  a  wintef^s  sii 


'cSTthe  7th,  in  standing  to  l|eho^^  wfe  cfii$'^tf  ¥l^i^ 
off ce,  three  quartejrs  of  a  mile  wide,  wmch  c^sfaructed  our  P^H^Wf 
in  that  direction.    I'he  wind  died  a wi^  as  soon  as  We  hiid  en^i^a 


,-,^-* 


t  TM^orlde^tHtfdrogri^caaJDitcr^^ion,  1595. 


■/..- 


--.»»»«»^ 


19 


t^  ttTMim,  i^mI  it  required  six  hourt*  rowing  in  the  boats  to  tow 
die  ihips  into  clear  water  beyond  it.  It  it  curious  tq  obtervi>,  in 
pafting  under  the  lee  of  ice*  however  tmall  its  extent  or  height 
above  the  tea,  an  immediate  datocate  in  the  ttrength  of  the  windT. 
Iliii  effect  cannot  be  attributed  to  any  desrer  of  shelter  afforded 
1^7  the  ice,  at,  in  tbe  caaet  to  which  I  allude,  it  it,  perhapt,  not 
more  than  a  tingle  foot  above  the  turface  of  the  tea.  At  nooof 
l^ioff  in  lat,  by  obtervation,  68*  24'  53",  and  in  long,  sr  0()'  43'V 
we  fibtained  toundingt'in  a  hundred  and  teven^-five  fathoms,  on 
ft  l>(»boiii  of  greenish  coloured  mud,  into  which  the  lead  sunk 
a^veral  inches.  Atjtwo  P.M.  a  thermometer  in  the  tun  rose  to 
70*,  the  temperature  of  the  ihade  being  44*,  aftd  the  weather  per- 
fectly calm  and  cloudlett.  The  card  coiymonly  uted  in  Walker'e 
A2itnuth  Compatt  had  traverted  to  tluggisKly  for  some,  daya 
past,  tha^it  was  ndw  found  necestary  to  tubstitute  a  lighteV  one, 
Aupplicd  by  the  maker  for  this  purpose.  The  looms  and  tern  were 
^omero^t  hear  the*  ice. 

On  the  8th,  at  noon,  we  observed,  in  lat.  68*  80'  01",  and  long. 
87*2%'  57",  being  6'  5i"  to  the  southward,  and  9'  53"  to  the 
eastward  of  the  dead  reckoning.  We  sounded  in  a  hundred  and 
aeventy-eight  fathoms'  water,  the  bottom  being  of  the  tame  natui'kf 
as  op  the  preceding  day. 

On  the  9tb,  having  reached  the  latitude  of  68*  45'  53",  long. 
57*  49'  51",  the  ship  was  found  to  have  made  lesf  northing  by 
eleven  miles  and  three  ouai'ters  than  the  log  gave.  The  souml> 
ings  wtre  a  hundred  and  fifty-two  fathoms,  the  lead  being  covered 
with  soft  green  mud,  mixed  with  sand  and  gravel. 
,  l«arge  flocks  of  tern  and  looms  were  ieen  about  the  ice.  A 
northerly  wind  prevented  our  making  much  progress,  for  the  ice 
Wx>  still  so  compact  in  every  part,  as  to  render  it  impossible  to 
l(ti^  to  the  westward ;  ahd  nothing,  therefore,  remained  to  be 
bnt  to  make  the  best  way  we  could,  by  beating  to  the  north- 
long  the  edge  of  the  pack. 

if  10th  a  thick  fog  came  on,  which  made  great  caution 
ry  in  sgiiling,  there  being  a  great  many  icebergs  near  us. 
There  is^  however,  even  in  the  thickest  fog,  a  strong  reflection  of 
U||[htfrom  these  immense  iHidiea,  of  ice,  which,  with  to  attentive 
^Bok-out,  is  generally  visible  at  a  sufficient  distance  to  enable  the 
lofvigator,  if  in  smooth  water,  to  avoid  coming  in  contact  with 
ibena^. 

At  noon,  the  wind  being  still  agunst  us,  we  had  only  reached 

the  lat.  of  69*  04'  28",  being  9^  49"  to  the  soMrtkfward  of  the  dead 

i^reckoning.    The  long,  by  the  chronometers,  was  58'  K/  30",  being 

^^*'47"  to  the  eastward  of  the  account  in  two  days.    We  obtained 

^^fJBtmdipgs  in  a  hundred  and  sixty-seven  fathpms,.  on  a  botto<|M  of 

l^reeB  mud,  with  a  little  sand  and  gravel.     At  night  the  fog  froze 

IP  it  fell  u^n  the  riggini^^  making^  it  difficult  to  work  the  ship 

among  the  ice. 


'4f 


t'^-fi 


mw^:mKm 


ao 


''A 


m 


,i^ 


A  Itrgo  bear  (Unu*  MarHimm)  being  leen  on  ft  pie^  of  ice* 
near  which  we  were  passing  on  the  morning  of  the  11th,  a  boat  was 
despatched.  In  pursuit,  and  our  pe<qig|Ni  succeeded  in  killing  and  tow* 
ing  it  on  boardt  As  these  animals  sink  immedflttely  on  being  mor-^ 
tuly  >il0Und«d,  some  dexterity  is  requisite  to  iecure  tHem,  by  first 
throwing  a  i^pe  over  the  neck»  at  which  many  of  the  Greenladd 
seamen  are  remarkably  expert.  It  is  customary  for  the  boats  of 
the  whalers  to  have  Wo  or  three  lines  coiled  ^^  them,  whicbi  not 
only  gives  them  great  stabili^,  but,  with  good  management,  mikes 
itdimcultforU  bear,  wKen  swimming,  to  put  His  paw  upon  the 
gunwak,  which  thfy  :g«;iBeraUy  endeavour  to'  do j  whereas,  with 
ottr  boats,  which  are  mbre  light  and  crank,  and  therefore  very 
easily  heeled  over,  I  havl  more  tjhian  once  seen  a  bear  on  the  point 
of  takinir  possession  of  them.  Great  caution  should,  therefore, 
be  used  under  svk£h  circumstances  in  attacking  these  ferocious 
creatures.  We  have  always  found  a  boardii|grpike  the  most  use- 
ful weanon  for  this  purpose.  The  lance  psed  by  the  whalers  will 
not  eaaily  penetrate  the  skin,  and  a  musket-ball,  except  when  very 
clofcu'ii  scarcely  more  efficacious. 

We  sounded  at  noon  in  two  hundred  and  tw  a  fathoms,  being  in 
lat.  by  account,  69*  24'  40*^,  long.  58°  16  42",  without  making  any 
aJlowaneefor  the  current,  which,  for  the  three  preceding  days^ 
appeared  to  have  been  setting  the  ships  to  the  S.S.E.  at  the  rate; 
of  from  eijffht  to  thirteen  iniles  per  day. 
,   llPiHe  atteraooi),  pii  tH^vcl^ripg  up  of  the  fogi,  we  f^iih^  our- 
«#Wcfs  s^  s^rroandeil  by  ke,  in  every  direction,  that  it  becatnef 
l^cessary  to  stretch  to  the  esjitKirard,  to  ai^oid  the  risk  of  !NN|| 
•ga^n  beset,  a  circumstance  which  ihight  have  occfaiioned  aseriou#^ 
-  loss  of  time.     A  gtreat'  number  of  seals  were  seen  as  we  sailed 
throughf  the  ice,  "biit  very  seldbm  two  together. 

the  Weather  was  again  to  thick  on.  the  isth,  that  w^  could  «$! 
dpin  see  above  three  oir  four  himdred  yards.  The  sun  b^f^ 
visible,  however;  Captain  Sabipe  and  myself  left  the  ship,  aajSM 
cendtid  an  iceberg,  in  order  to  obtain  th^  meridian  altitude,  whll( 
l^ve  us  thtf  laK.  of  69*  4S'  4S",  and  which  was  8'  80''  to  the  south^ 
w«rd  of  the  dead  reckoning,  our  longitude,  by  account,  being  5^* 
46' 13".  StreaiiBS  of  di^  purest  ivater  were  flowing  from  thi|j 
b^g,  a  luxury  not  so  often  enjoyed  by  seameii  in  any  oth^r  na^' 
gatioii,  and  which  is,  perhaps,  of  essential  importance  in  the  pre* 
servation  of  health,  where  sctiryy  is  thie  disease  most  to  be,a{i|p(re!» 
hlTn^'e^*  The  fog  f^oze  so  hard  upon  the  sails  and  rigging  durin||^ 
^  nlgblf  that  t  believe  some  tons  were  shaken  ofl'in>the,mor(ain|', 
lo  eluSift.Qf  to  handle  the  ropes,  and  to  work  tile  ship  with  greaf||r 
facility.  Icefields  of  ice  and  the  Icebergs  must  becaslonaUy,  dtiri«|^ 
^^Sunmier,  receive  a  considerabl<f  addition  by  tfiis  kijad  of  dew 
piisit.  CK  ^e  latter,  when  the  fog  faflsd  cleared  away  for  a  short 
time  in  the  evening,  we  counted!  no  less  than  sixty-tw^o  of  large 


>•.       \ 


rff: 


■\ 


3lt 

dimenaions,  at  no  great  disunce  from  us,  besides  a  number  of 
smaller  ones.    We  were^  «t  tlodn,  in  lat.  ty  account,  70*  06'  32",  • 
and  in  long.  57*  33'  56"  having  .|  hundred  and  forty-^eveu  fi^thoms 
water,  on  a  muddy  bottom.  i        '^ 

The  weather  continued  so  foggy  on  th^>|4th,  that  very  little 
progress  could  be  made.    We  caught  some  fine  specimens  of  the 
Ciio  Borealii,  called  by  the  sai^rs  whales'  food,  and  also  of  Btroes^  • 
which  were  very  nuiierous  near  the  surface  of  th^  water. 

of  the  15th,  the  fog  being  still  as  thick  as  before,  our  latitude, 
observed  on  an  iceberg,  was  70*^8'  53";  while  that  observed  on 
board  by  Lieu^  Beechey,  with  Cap<ain  Kater's  altitude-instrument, 
was  ro*  27'  43",  the  difference  according  exactly  with  the  bearing 
and  distance  of  the  iceberg  fix>m  |he  Ship.  The  longitude  was  j59» 
11'  58",  and  the  variation  oi^  the  needle,  as  observed  upon  the  icir, 
had  increased  to  79*48'  westerly.  Mr.  Fisher  made  an  experi- 
ment on  the  specific  gravity  of  berg-ice.  Having  formed  a  piece 
of  th?s  ice  into  a  cube,*,  whose  sides  measured  sixty-eight  lines,  he 
floated  it  in  a  tub  of  sia-water,  of  the  specific  gravity  1.0256,  arid 
at  the  temperature  of '33*,  when  nine  lines  remained  above  the  sur- 
foce  of  the  water,  being  nearly  one-eighth.  ?v 

Od  the  16th,  in  running  along  the  edge  of  the  ice  with  a  frelh 
breete  from  the  south-west,  we  passed  the  Brunswick,  whaler,  of 
Hull,  beating  to  the  southward.  She  crossed  within  hail  of  the 
Griper,  ai^d  the  master  inform^sd  Lieutenant  Liddon  that  he  had,  on 
the  1 1th,  left  a  large  fleet  of  fishing-ships  about  the  latitude  of  r4% 
unable  to  proceed  farther  to  the  northward.  We  had  been  stoppect 
an  a  similar  mafiner,  and  ip  the  same  place,  on  the  voyage  of  1818, 
^hich  rende^  it  not  improbable,  that,  at  this  period  of  the  year, 
libe  same  obstruction  will  generally  be  found  to  occur  about  that 


liris  made.  For  tlfe  first  fortnight  in  June,  it  is  seldom  prac- 
llcable  to  get  mui^  beyond  the  island  of  Disko,  or  about  the  lati- 
tude of  69*  td:Jt)'vr  Towards  the  20th  of  that  rnoiith,  the  ships 
usually  reach  the  great  inlet,  called  North-Cast  Bay  ;  and,  by  the 
end  of  June,  the  ice  allows  them,  thougfh  not  without  g^eat  exer- 
tion^ to  penetrate  to  the  Three  Islands  of  Baffin,  which  lie  just  be- 
fond^'the  seveuty-fourth  degree  of  latitude.  Froin  that  time  till 
about  the  end  of  August,  the  ice  presents,  almost  daily,  less  and 
"Ssl  Obstruction ;  so  that,  if  the  object  be  simply  tb  sail  as  far  riortli 
W'^llble  into  Baffin's  Bay,  without  regard  to  the  capture  of 
^fiiile*,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  a  ship;  entering  Davis* 
_|trait  on  the  1st  of  July,  may  sail  into  the  latitude  of  74«»  or  75% 
'without  meeting  with  any  detention  on  account  of  the  ice,  and, 
0ferhaps,^withoS  even  seeing  the  land  till  she  arrive  in  a  high 
Hi^tttae.     '   ■'■':'■'"■  .    ,  -■-.,>-••■  ■''   ■ 


i^ 


■m 


[  V>£r    *  I 


"i 


L  i 


m 


l^il^t^fp^  ll^Wia  IQCre  bfi9f  40(9)1  fppe«raiice  of  a  «<  water-sky" 
|l^  tlic  |iWftlll?WMt,  I  ir^  indw^  to  r^il  tde  thips  ii^to  the  ice, 
lltoQi^  the  weather  w^s  too  thml  to  «)|o^  ^  to  4ee  more  th^^.  a 
"■  or  two  \n  t^i4ir«ctioil<  We  wercf  ft  nooii,  in  latitude 
'  »|"f  l9li|it!i#  |9'  46'  19",  th#  d<s|>|h  of  w#ter  being  o^e 
p4  911^4  piPie^  ffthoBis,  on  a  piu^ely  bottop.    Toe  wv^ 

Hl^ifi  Ojr^ef  foiPWIli  aP  Wf  cwl4  lo  th,e^eftw4»  w«  foijnd 
It^i^vi^  10  &mfy  IWBjnpil  W  "by,  thp  kt  on  ^ygry  v4e,  thaj^  the?? 
%iisiio  ^^r  roow*  lo  Wor>  tl^  jnipih  wd  w«  thffefor*  m4^  *«# 
ll^  l«  «  io<H,  tlM  #8  WP^^ff  mm  trim  Mp  IV  t^rm^ifa^ 
l^pjtoy^  m  t^iof  OB  bourd  »  b^Mk  Ojt  wa^tr  fmnn  t|i$  f  09.  ^t 
«Mky  Iw  pwpcr  ii^  ooibj?  to  rffn|tr\|  jtl^r^  fropi  thw  tj^^e  t||>  the  fja^ 
of  fb«  yjc^ipi  tmoir^iriitef  ^as  ^j^cMy^y  naaick  u»^  of  OO  boif^ 
t^  sl^pptlfir^^yery  purpose,  mlog  the  su^^mer  mirths,  It  is 
#euni4  III  nJbfiit^aQjp^  ip  pools  upon  the  (ots  %ncl  iceberg,  find  19.1^. 
irinter  wow  vflw  dis^oivsd  ip  ^e  cq>perip>r  oitr  d^y  t^r^^p^ 
tioD.  The  log  cleared  in  the  ev^i|inj|^  w^iim  nr^  perceived  tJMtJio 
further  progress  could  W  mi^le  ^r^^ffb  tfi#ice»i»t9  whl<^l»  we  W 
fiil^  to  the  iRestirar4  about  tvcly*  mili^s^  W^  if  ere,,  thf »?%'«» 
,011^  more  uajcler  the  necessity  of  returoioff  ^  the  e^tWu'd  jf^ 
i|  ct|^^l«e  of  wa]^  MU)»14  )^Sfltho#|ii|pi|p  p^ek  presi^pt  8ititt^tiili> 
jPve^ioosl^,  hotfrey^t  tQ  ow  retiiiii,  we  m«de  some  Obieryf fi<^ 
^  the  ijce,  fqr  the  y§nat|6p  ^d  <|*p  of  th«  mmeti^  |ief||lf ,  t^ 

^mm  of  wWch  wiP  fouwi  to  |if  80*  4?f  #'  W-^mi  the  ha^r 

ljrM'9'^1^,    4  tWck  fog  Mitijie^O^ 

j^  nsftf  Doop  on  the  18th,  vmii  we  JM  to  i'pof^h^iim^' 
i^^m  of  Ice,  Mm  e««ctiy  aciroi^  oinr  coun^,  9p4  4t^  right  #|iP 
^  tlif  m»iii  body  01  the  ice.  As.  ^is  m^m  9mf4pA  to.the  §0^ 
linur^f^^fs  we  coi^dseo^mrthe  ♦«qpop'«riitsl,*'>p«nfte 
-Vis  m«de  ^  push  thd  ships  with  all  sniMhroo^  the  vi^kfrn 
'^ptrt,^  The  facility  ^ith  which  this  .opsritioot  Uchwcally  |f " 
^  boiii^^'  is  Mrforii|e4r4ep«n4>  chie%  on  h9^v|i^  a  frea^  ^, 
|fio4«p^.whtch  we  were  not  fayoqtiriea  on  this  |Oc«b^ioB|  «o ) 
Irhen  we  had  forced  the  ships  nhoiit  oAe  hundi'ed  y^f  i^ 
ice;,  their  wf^;^  yras  compl^tiely  s^ppeil.  The  stream  cQi^lst 
j}ichsm#  pieces  of  ice>  0at  when  911,  ft^pt  yras  m»4<0  #  .,  ,, 
^  fhips  &^eiid  h^  f^ltepiog  Ui|^  ^  some  of  thit  heaviest  V^^^ 
near  them,  the  ice  itself  came  home, jiirithool  the  sh|ps  being  i^^l^ 
iSorpard,  £vei^  efprt  to  extricate  them  from  this  helpless  si^|? 
||on>rdycd  fruitless  for  more  th^  turo  houiis,  wW n  Af  jftpcla  i)p 
fit  length  backed  oi^t,  md  succeeded  in  puling  wroijigh  ^#v 
part  of  n^  ttream,  in  which  a  small  opening  uppenreil  joil  |^  ||||t 
momeMt.  All  our  boats  wf  re  immediaitely  des{i|St<^he4  to  thft  9ia>l||^ 
limceof  the  Griper,  yrhich  still  remsdned  beset,  ai^' which  po  ep$t 
€0H}4  move  in  any  direction.    We  at  lengdi  resomd^to  th^e  ^10- 


M 

^tA  ^  8«tidHiff  ft  Wiialli^itfi  to  h^  fBUli  th«  itHftt,  fiSid  UMi  mm 
iOff  all  sail  upob  the  latter  ship,  %«  iticfcetdeia  Hi  ttiM4l%lii^  m^ 
hm  ;o  wi!idr«tt*1hfe  #a*  etiiB»ttt  iJiwecd  ih  fcfealr  Wfclfetw  The 
crt^siiiK  6f  this  iWNdi'br  icieV#iiliifelf  the  hUt^m  8ttlr«9y  «** 
c^eMa  tto«e  fcttOtftua^yitt^s,  oiectiM^<r  us  l*»W(ttlHly  ft*r  mdltt^flki^ 
INrt  h^fs,  m  mit  i<^e  iH  in  i&iil|}re  df  m  diHellttbiH6Whi(% 
Hilpiirt!  fiaWre  WlHifc  ta^a  bf  ii*Vii^Udtti  IhthUdrtittfeof^ 
^(te^M^  oii«  of  tljiHicll^imiil  i(^1£t)^  1^  fll«  ici^  lUid  MR^ 

t«fe  iiSvttiey  fi»rta!<8»fyjtitespa:««m  Ab  bmf^vary'1mrkm^ 
^bif  iiii^,Wittii^i^fen^  «hr*agP'^6rtite  ttfe*  hi  #Wchtw  djpj^ 

ttti^l^d,  to  %hi&^e  l1ibp^W^tt%thitMJ#  tC  t6tfie#i# 
m€  AXUxiaa  m  ma  ftatHcd  the  fet.  W  7ft«  U'  it^\mi  ka# 
$1^  C^'  *i",  ottr  Sbtkttatet4*iitefe  itete  Htiha*d  Aha  fdi-iJf^^b  »£. 
fe^K  dh  aiiitiliy^cJtittht.    Ill  tlrt  «ftbmp<^,'a  l*ftk  Wl6^ 

mm  mm9fm,m^m\i'^t  iunprndtb  i>^to«t  bife  wau** 

^^  fiilk  flfelW^hit  fii<h%  bim*ay  dih^^ 

lil€fe  tbl^ift^i  «lit«^  iti^^  una  «^ , 

^i6«&i  Whf6hmilBfiVih|  iie*ti#%«jrvl9#fi«cfiea  0^^^^ 
iis  between  it  and  the  berfc    All  the  boats  were  InstMlify  loWw* 

^iltth'Woi^^^  ind  Bm1i«  i^^ 

t?iiiytti  tftfe'lbl^ing  of  tfiHfe  Jippfo  «toir^'^**^d^*^»M 
^^^tii  t«  ttti*«p^afed  BfBii^^m  Siw^tertbiij^A  tift 

iiitW*few4^^ 

AlKJYttitiie^#1^biiK^^^^^^^  «"*  **':^ 

.  J&#toi  dpi'i^l^aaMiie  this  *«ie^i»«l  ke^l&r^seffi^M  5 
jil,  <^.  f 2*  ir#^ll^\  the- io«g.V»iy  pHttittoniete^  i^  ^ 


.  t;Sr%^^^JI^ 


*  v''f-<J 


■  ai,^,> 


TipfT 


W^ 


Kf      ' 


BMiddy  l^ottca^,  hiving  deepened  from  one  huiidrttd  aM  six,  ia 
••Uing  eight  miles  to'  the  westward. 

Havio^  DQW  *'each^d  the  laiit«^  of  73%  withofit  seeing  a  single 
openini;  in  the  ice,  and  Ving  fftrilling  ta  increase  ourdisunce 
^RwJSii^JamesLancasteiV^nnd,  by  proceeding  much  farther  to 
the  n^tkward,i  determined  pnce  more'to  enter  the  ice  in  thia 
plajSf,  and  to  try  th%  eiperiment  of  forcing  our  4ray  through  it,  in 
order  to  gel  into  the  open  sea.  whit h  the  exp^^nce  of  the^rmer 
voyage  l#^me  to  believe  we  shonkl  find  a|po^he  western  ceist  of 
Qailia^f  liay.  This  determina^oiir  was  strengthened,  by  lehe  tecol» 
lection  of  the  serious  obstructionb  we  had  met  with  the  preceding 
year^j^thetieigbbouchood  of  Prince  Regent's  Bayv  where  grea^ 
dete|itidn»  as  weft  as  danger*  had  been  experienced,  th^n  on  any 
^her  part  ofvthat  c9«st.  Being  now,  dieH»fore,  ^vourt^d  w^ 
dear  weather,  and  a  m)oderate  breeze  from  the  south-castwar^ 
we  nm  into  the  ice^  which j  forflhe  first  two  miles,  consisted  of  de- 
tached pieces,  but  alPterwards  of  flOes  of  considerable  e:^tent|  and 
sMcor  sevaip  feet  in  thickness.  The  wind  di«4  away  towards  mid- 
night, and  the  weadier  was  serene  and  clear.  *  The  altitiule  of  thn 
aunon  themfridian  below  the  pole,  gave  the  latitude  72^  59M  3% 
being  li^  57"  to  the  southward  of  that  deduced  from  the^btecvn. 
tiona  gf  ^the  preceding  and  foUowihg  noons,  w|iich  error  nii^ir^peih* 
hl^  he  attributed  to  the  ^vattonof  the  horizon  by  terrestrial 
i^^action.  The  teinperatare  of  the  air  at^tbisf^ttme  was^O^i  ^ 
the  water,  34%  and  the  barometer  stpod  at  S9.5f.  inches,  A  large 
bear,  was  seen  on  one  of  the  floes,  and  we  passed  the  tracks  of 
niamr.  others..    .  • . 

0A  the  SSd,  l^e  wind  was .  light  ^tmi  the.  eastwaxd,  and  we 
made  very  litde  progress.  We  had  oceaaionaUy  to  heave  the  ships 
thtOttgh  with  .hawsers,  between  the  heavy  masses  of  i«e,  which  be- 
<^me  more  and  more  close  .a(s  we  fdvanced,  till,  at  lengih,  towai^ 
w^«»«ning,  we  were  fairly  beset,^  there  being  no  open  wai^  In 
«ght  from-  the  maiit-head  m  .any  quarter  of  .^e  eompass.  Soiii^ 
lunda  were kppt con8tai|tl}?Miployed in heavingthe altips  throi^ 
the  ice,  takmg  advantage  .i^^every  Mcasiottal  openmf  which  pm- 
sented  itself,  by  which  means  we  advanced  n^w  hnndred<  yardi 
to  the  westward  4urii|g.ihe  night. .» 

At  Ms,  A.M.i  on  the  ftdd,  a  dii<dt  fog  came  on*  which,  rendered 


so  that,  on  the  weather  clearing  it, is  discovered^  when  toqr  ]iv^» 
that  another  opening,  perhaps  a^ew  yards  only  from  that  thi!(^ 
irhich  they  had'  sailed,  would  have  conducted  them  imto  cleir 
water,  m,  therefore,  warped  .to  an  iceberg^  to  i»bich  the  shba 
wrere  made  fast  at  qpon,  to  wait  the  clearing  up  of  the  fog»  being 
^  lat.  W  OdCtCT',  long.  60'  otT  ^0  T^  aouadifiga  wsare  09e 


"^^^ 


25 


hundred  and  liinetf-^ven  fatiioint»  on  a  muddy  bottbm,  and  the 
variation  of  the  needle  8S*  33'  SI"  westerly.  At  eight  P.M.  the 
weather  cleared  up,  and  a  few  small  pools  of  open  water  were 
seen  here  and  there,  but  the  ice  was  genendly  as  close  as  before, 
and  the  wind  being  to  the  westward  of  north*  it  was  not  deemed 
advisable  to  move.  When  ships  are  thus  beset,  there  is  a  great 
advantage  in  securing  them,  to  the  largest  body  of  ice  that  can  be 
found,  and  particular^  to  the  bergs,  as  they  are  by  this  means  bet- 
ter emibled  to  retain  their  situation,  the  drift  of  the  ioe  being  gene- 
rally lessy  in  (>rdportion  to  its  depth  underwater.  Another  ad- 
vantage in  securing  a  ship  to  an  iceberg  is,  that  these  bodies  usually 
keep  a  small  space  of  dear  water  under  their  lee,  in  consequence 
•f  the  qnicher  drift  of  the  floes  and  loose  ice  to  leeward.  It  not 
milrequeatiy  happens  that  a  ship  ii  thus  dragged  into  blear  water, 
aa  tiie  sailors  express  it,  that  is,  that  the  whole  of  the  floe<»ice  ia 
aunried  to  leeward  past  the  berg  to  which  the  ship  is  attached, 
laaviog  her  zn  length  in  an  open  sea. 

The  ice  appearing  fo  open  a  litde  in  the  W.N.  W.,  on  the  mom- 
kig  of  tiie  84th,  preparations  were  made  for  warping  the  ships  in 
tiiat  direction,  the  wind  being  still  to  the  westward  of  nortii,  bat 
llle  fog  came  on  tgain  so  thick,  that  it  was  necessary  still  to  remain 
aCtlMhevg.  At  noon,  by  our  observations,  we  were  in  lat.  79° 
W  5&\  long.  60*  Of'  54",  making  a  drift  of  four  miles  and  two- 
Hiirds  in  twenty^ioiur  hours,  in  a  S.  1^  E.  direction.  The  sound- 
ings had  deepened  to  two  hundred  and  sixty<«five  fathoms,  the  bot- 
tom being  light>green  mud.  The  afternoon  was  occupied  in  ob- 
tuning  azimuths  on  board  the  Hecla,  with  her  head  on  different 
l^mtaof  tiie  compass,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  tiie  irre- 
laritiea  of'the  mastic  needle  produced  by  local  attraction. 

Tl»  weather  berag  clemr  on  uie  morning  of  the  25th,  and  a  few 
inanrow  lanes  off  water  appearing  to  the  westward,  the  Griper  waa 
fluula  fttt  astern  of  the  Hecla;  and  her  crew  being  sent  to  assist  in 
manning  our  capstan,  we  proceeded  to  warp  the  ships  through  tiie 
jte.  This  method,  which  is  often  adopted  by  our  whalers,  has  the 
obvious  advantage  of  applying  the  whole  united  'force  in  separating 
'ihe  maiscs  of  Ice  which  lie  in  the  way  of  the  firift  ship,  albwini; 
^  second,  or  even  third,  to  follow  close  astern,  with  very  littio 
•c^ttiiction.  In  ^is  manner  we  had  advanced  about  four  miles 
to  the  westward,  by  eight  P.M.,  after  eleven  hours  of  very  labo-^ 
rimis  exertion;  and  having  then  come  to  the  end  of  the  Clearwater, 
indtiie  weather  being  again  foggy,  the  ships  were  secured  in  « 
4eep  "bight,''  «r  bay  in  a  floe,  called  by  the  sailors  •« a  natural 
4ock.^'  An  extra  atk>wance  of  meat  and  spirits  was  served  to  tiib 
ships'  companies,  and  all  hands  were  permitted  to  go  to  rest  tOl 
1^  state  of  the  weather  and  of  the  ice  should  become  more  favour* 
aUe. 

^i  £ar]y  on  the  morning  of  the  26th,  there  was  clear  water  as  fok* 

D 


.'■Aif 


Hi. 


&- 


M 

as  we  could  lee  to  the  westward,  which,  on  account  of  the  .ibg« 
did  not  exceed  the  distance  of  three  hundred  yards.  We  madie 
sail>  hovrever,  and  haviijig  groped,  our  way  for  about  half  a  mile, 
found  the  ice  once  more  close  in  eyery  direction,  except  that 
in  which  we  had  been  sailing*  obliging  us  to  make  the  ships  fast  to 
a  floe.  I  sent  a  boat  away  to  endeavour  to  find  a  ^ne  oC  clear 
water  leading  to  the  westward.  Stic:  returned  on  board  in,  an  hojor, 
without  success,  having  with  difficulty  foui^d  her  way  to  the  ship» 
]by  our  musquets  and  other  signals.  The  latitude  here,  by  ob- 
fcrvationi  was  73*  02'  17",  long^  by  chronometers,  60'  11V58",  hy 
which  the  drift  of  the  ice  in  the  last  twenty-four  hours  appeiirs.to 
liave  been  I^.  1*  £.,  five  miles  and  three  quarters,.or  in  a  direction 
nearly  opposite  to  that  of.  the  wind.  The  sounding^  were  two 
hiMBdrr4  and  eight  fathoms,  on  a  muddy  bottpm.  At  half-pf^t 
three,  r*M.,  the  weather  cletired  up,  and  a  few  narrow  lanes  Q>f 
water  being  seen  to  the  we8tward,every  exertion  was  immediat^y 
made  to  get  into  them.  On  beginning  to,  beave^  however,  .W^ 
found  that  the  *^  hole*'  of  water  in  which  the  H^cla  lay,  was  now 
•o  completely  enclosed  by  ice,  that  no  passage  put  of  it  conld  be 
found.  We  tried  eyery  corner,  but  to  no  purpose;  aU  the  power 
we  could  apply*  being  insufficient  to  ntove  the;^  heavy  ,ma«aes  pi 
ice  wl^ich  had  fixed  themselves  firmly  between  us  and  Uie  lanst  pf 
water^ithput  In  the  mean  time.  Lieutenant  Liddon  had  suc- 
jDeede4  in  advwcing  about  three  hundred  yards,  an4  had  placed 
tht)  Griper's  bow;  betnyec^n  two  heavy  floes,  which  it  was  necessfiy 
.^  seiparate  before, .  any  fnrther  progress;  cppld  be-  made.  Both 
ahips  continued  to  heave  at  their  hawsctrs  oecasion^ljly,  as  t|)f  i^^ 
ia|iipeared  to  slacken  a  littl^,  by  which  means  .they  were  now.  vi^ 
then  drfiwn  a-head  a  few  inches. at  a  time,  bv(t  d;id  not  ad.viince 
ppre  than  half  a  dozen  yards  in  the  course  of  the  night.  Ily  pur 
Bearing,  several  bergs  to  ttif  northward,  the , ice  appe^ed  to  j^ 
drifting  in  that  direction,  the  wind  being  niodf^rate  from  ikt 
aputhward. 

,  Qn  the  27th,  about  three  A.M.,  hy  a  sudden  motion  of  the  ictc^f 
we  sttccee4ed  in  getting, the  Hecla  out  of  her.confined^j|itaation,|uni|d 
Tjan  her  up  astern  of  the  Griper.  The  clear  water  had  made  so  n(iu<;h 
.10  the  westward,  that  a  narrow  neck  of  ice  was  all  that  was  t^w 
2nteri}p|ed  between  the  ships  and  a  large  open  space  in  that  quarter. 
.Both  shipsf  companies  were,  therefore*  ordered  upon  the  ice  to, 
i|aw  pfl*  the  neck,  ,i|hen  ^he  floes  suddenly  opened,  sufficiently  to 
jdlpw  the  Griper  to  push  through  under  all  saiL  No  time  was  lost 
li^the  j|t|empt  to  get  the  Hecla  through  after  her,  but,  by  one  of 
thofe  accidentf  to, which, this  navigation  is  liable,  and  which  r^n- 
jders  it  sp  precarious  and  uncertain,  a  piece  of  loose  ice  which  lay 
Jbetween  the  two  ships,  yras  drawn  after  the  Griper  by  the  eddy 
produced  by  her  motion,  and  completely  blocked  the  nu-row  pfHi- 
4Vige  through  which  we  were  about  to  follow.    Before  we  could 


27 

ranove  this  obitnictioo  by  hauling  it  back  out  of  the  channel,  the 
floes  were  again  pressed  together,  wedging  it  firmly  and  immoveap 
bly  betwixt  thein  ^  the  saws  were  immediately  set  to  work;  and 
used  with  great  eflect,  but  it  was  not  till  eleven  o'clock  that  we 
succeeded,  after  seven  hour's  labour,,  in  getting  the  Hecla  into  the 
lanes  of  dear  water  which  opened  more  and  more  to  the  westward. 
Our  latitude*  by  account  at  noon,  was  73*  05'  56",  the  longitude 

Being  now  favoured  with  a  fresh  breeze  from  the  S.E.b.S;, 
we  madeconsiderable  prog^ss,  though  on  a  very  crooked  coast,  to 
the  northward  and  westward.  In  one  respect  the  character  of  the 
iCe  was  here  altered,  as  we  found  a  great  many  floes  of  **  young" 
or  **  bay"  ice,  which  had  probably  been  newly  formed  in  the  shel- 
tered situations  afforded  by  the  larger  floes.  To  avoid  the  neces- 
sity of  goingTound,  6r  where  no  other  channel  presented  itself,  we 
ran  through  several  of  these  bay-floes,  which  were  from  four  to 
six  inches  thick,  ploughing  up  ^e  ice  before  the  ship's  stem,  at 
the  rate  of  five  miles  an  hour.  If  they  were  not  very  broad,  the 
Hecla  did  not  lose  her  way  in  passing  through  them.  Frequently, 
however*  she  was  stopped*  in  the  middle,  which  made  it  necessary 
to  saw  and  break  the  ice  a-head,  till  she  made  another  start,  and, 
hairing  run  a  short  distance  in  clear  water,  was  again  imbedded  in> 
the  same  manner.  We  passed  one  field  of  ice,  about  ten  feet  in 
thickness,  and  many  miles  in  length,  aS  we  could  not  see  over  it 
ffam  the  mast-head.  This  was  the  only  **  field,'^  acc(Htling  to  the 
definition  applied  to  that' term  by  the  whalers,  that  I  had  ever  seeit 
in  Daffin^s  Bay.  About  eleven  P.M.  the  lanes  of  open  water  a^head 
became^veiy  contracted,  and  at  half  past  eleven,  in  endeavouring 
to  fdfce  thiYragh  a  floe,  under  a  heaiiy  press  of  canvas,  the  Hecla 
was  completely  wedf^ed  in,  havifig  rud  he*  own  length  into  iti, 
^ottgh  its  thickness  was  between  a  foot  and  eighteen  inches.  In 
l]^e  Course  of  this  dcy's  sailing,  the  ships  received  many  severe 
blows  from  the  ice,  but  apparently  suffered  no  damage.  The  con- 
citesions  which  the  ehronometers  experienced  were,  perhaps,  such 
as  few  ijratchca  of  this  kind  had  ever  before  been  exposed  to;  but 
we  did  not  snbsequently  discover  that  any  alteration  had  taken 
place  in  their  rates,  in  cbnsequence  of  them. 

On  the  28th  the  whad  continued  to  blow  strong  from  the  soudi-* 
ebst  with  heaVy  rain;  and  at  half-^past  three  A.M.,  after  several 
hoQl^' sawing,  in  which  the  men  suffered  much  from  wet  and  fft? 
tiguefwe  succeeded  in  getting  dear ;  but  after  running  a  quarte? 
of  a  mile,  were  again  beset  in  the  same  manned  By  ^e  time  the 
Griper  had  joined  us*  we  had  once  more  unavoidably  hampered 
the  Hecla  among  the  ice,  and  did  not  succeed  in  extricating  her 
litt  four  P.M.,  after  which  we  found  so  much  clear  water  as  we 
preeeeded,  that,  with  the  exceptionof  a  few  streams  and  » patches," 
irhieh  we  met  with  oa  the  following  day,  and  through  which  the 


i«s'/JJ 


28 


B,«."'  -  » 


•kips  raited  without  mvUM  difBenltyt  Wtt'  hitA  mmw  passed  evcijr 
impediment  which  obstructed  our  ptasMe  to  Sir  Jmms  LmcMleff'e 
Sound.  The  breadth  of  tUt  barrier  of  ice,  whiidi  occupies  tli» 
middle  of  Baffin's  Bajr,  and  which  had  aerer  before  bees  raossed 
in  this  latitude  at  the  same  season,  waa  eighqr  mttea  in  a  N.  6a* 
W.  direction.  I  have  been  thus  particufaur  and  ■Nmiler  perhapa 
tediously  so,  in  detailing  our  endea^oura  to  obtain  a  paaragy 
through  the  ice  to  the  western  coast  of  Baffin's  Bay,  in  airder  m 
ahew  now  necessary  it  is  to  persevere  and  iMBt- 1»  be 


by  frequent  faihtfea,  nor  deterred  from  enCeriag  the  ic*  by  dm  aw*^ 
prehension  of  being  beset.  By  taking  advantage  of  every  Ktwr 
opening  diat  is  afflnrded,  I  believe  thtt  a  stroiig>boilt  verael  of 
proper  size  and  weight  may*  in  moat  seasOMi,  b«  pushed  ihroogh 
this  barrier  which  occupies  the  centre  part  of  Bsffin'a  Bty,  SMOt 
this  parallel  of  latitude.  It  must,  at  the  same  Ume»  be  cowcascdi^ 
that,  had  we  not  been  favoured  wiUi  strong  southMcaste^  iriada, 
it  would  probably  have  required  jeveral  di^  longer  to  efleet  thi» 
passage. 

On  the  39th,  we  had  so  much  clear  water,  that  theahipe  had  ■ 
very  perceptible  pitching  motiooi  which,  from  die  doaineaa  of  Aa 
ice,  does  not  very  often  occur  in  the  Polar  reg^na.'and  which  is*? 
therefore,  hailed  with  pleasure,  as  an  indicittioa  of  an  open  aiail- 
At  noon  we  had  reached,  by  the  dead  reckoning,  die  latitiide  of 
rrsV  ]r'>  and  long.  6r  47^^51",  and  we  could  And  «o  bottaoa 
with  three  hundred  antd  ten  fathoma  of  Une.  At  five  P*if<dia 
■well  increased  considerably,  and,  as  the  wmd  fr^eiiad  iif^  liro«k 
Ae  aMrdi*eaat,  the  ice  gradwdly  ^appeaned  r  ae  diat  by-  ski  afal&olr 
we  were  smKng  in  va  open  sea,  perfectly  ffee  Jmra  <>betrttodOn  of 
any  kind.  During  the  time  we  had  been  bcaei  amowgtlie  ke^tlia 
tempcratnte  of  the  air,  in  the  Ibade,  had  vavied  frwai  98^  O'S^V 
except  in  very  dear  and  calm  weather,  whev  the  diMrnmsaetmr^liadk 
occasionally  risen  to  42*.  Tbetemperatute  of  the  water  bad  beeif 
almost  utiiformly  fhtm  31°  to  33*^  but  soon  after  our  leaving- the^ 
iee  this  evenings  it  increased  to  37*,  whick<  tcmpeivtiire  cootinuod 
for  a  run  of  aiany-^three  nulea  to  the  weitti^ard,  and  then  lett  to  3S^ 
and  &3%  ^1  ve  had  entered  Sir  James  Lancaster's  ^ond.  ^ 

At  four  A.M.  on  the  30di,  two  or  threlt  kbeberga  were  iu  si^t, 
being  the  first  we  had  seen  aiiKe  leaving  the  icetathe  eastward. 
It  is  probable  that  these,  together  with  some  streann  of  ice  whieit, 
eccunred  in  die  afternoon,  pnoduced  the  dinMiuition  >  in  the  tmn^ 
peratare  of  the  sea,  towhicb  I  have  alloded  above,  and  whidi 
took  place  soon  after  noon  on  this  day.'  The  Grip«:  detailing  wi 
.Consi^enibly,  and  the  sea  being  now  aufficiotdv  open  to  allow  u» 
to  take  her  in  tow,  we  hove-to  at  nine  A.M.  mr  diat  purpoie^v  v 

We  now  seemed  aU  at  once  to  have  got  mto-l^  head-qiiarteie 
of  the  whales.  They  were  so  numerous  that  I  directed  tks  nttm- 
Ikv  to  be  counted  during  each  watch,  and  no  less  than  eighty>-two 


9» 


art  mtationcd  io  thii  dtjr't  lof*  Mr»  AlUfOM*  tht  CwiUmH 
ter,  conaidered  them  gcMiiitty  M.  large  0Mt»  and  raufflt«d»  that 
%  fleet  of  whalers  niiglit  eaaily  haire  obtaiiied  »  cacga  kaiy  i»>»  fair 
dayi.  It  is,  I  beUiBve,  a  ecuMMB  idaa  aaMflg  the  Gwenlaii  iiah>» 
ermcn,  that  the  pretenea  of  ice  ia  neceaaaiy  to  eiuiuf»iha  iadiog 
of  whdies ;  but  we  bad  no  ice  in  sight  to-dajr,  when  thajr  «er»  moat 
ikumerout.  At  noon  ira  abiervedf  in  lat*  f4*  01'  f 7"»  beiaig  lft» 
first  aMridiap  altitude  we  had  obtMoad  for  Ibor  4mf%^mA  difleriag 
from  the  dead  ctckooiBg  only  two?  miktt  whiob  ia  remarkabk, 
eonsidaring  the  sliiK>>lMiesa  of  the  t6Bpasac««.Mdiroiild  Men  U> 
afibrd  a  presumptife  proof  that  no  aouifceiiy  ctwrem^  «nsta  \m  thia 
part  of  Bafin*s  Bay»  The  long*  by  chroaooMtera^  waa  fSf  OA'  14". 
In  the  afternoon  the  wind  broke  us  off  firom  the  N.N.W*,  whicb 
oUlfed  us  to  cast  off  the  Sripcr»  and  we  carried  aU  smI  a4iead  to 
aiako  the  land.  Wa  saw  it  at  hidf-paet  five  P.M*»  being  the  high 
land  about  Possession  Bay«  and  at  uie  same  time  several  streama  of 
loose,  but  heavy  ice  came  in  eight,  which  a  fresh  breeste  waa  drift- 
ing fast  to  the  sonth-eastwara.  Sir  Jasses  Lancaster's  Sound 
waa  now  open  to  the  westward  of  ua,  and  the  experience  of  our 
fiMnmer  voyage  had  9^Tcn  ua  reaaoo  to  believe  tmit  the  two  best 
months  in  me  year  lor  the  navigation  of  these  seas  were  y«t  to 
oome*  Thia  oonudmition,  together  with  the  magnificent  view  of 
ikit  lofty  ByiAn  Martin  mountmns*  which  forcibly  recalled  to  our 
minda  the  events  of^the  preceding  jrtoar,  eoiddnat  finl  to  animate 
us  vtith  expectttion  and  m^.  If  any  proof  were  waating  of  the 
valoe  of  loedl  knowladge  in  the  navigation  of  the  Pokr  Seas«  it 
would  bo  amply  funisMd.  by  the.  fiact  oi  Our  having  now  reached 
tiio  entrance  of  Sto  JnuEOm  liraeiatsr^'O  Sound  iust  one  month  earlier 
titan  we  had  dona  in  Itt^,  enough  we  had  then  aailedabovea 
liMrtnight  sooner,  with  the  same  general  object  in  view,  name^,  to 
penetrate  to  die  western  coaat  of  A^in's  Bay,  where  alone  the 
j^lojltlMvest  Passage  waa  to  be  aou^t  for.  This  differanee  is  to 
l^tOttributed  entiMly  to  the  confidence  wluch  I  felt,  Irom  tlM  ex- 
iiaiiance  gained  on  tim  former  voyage*  that  an  <^n  sea  woidd  be 
nMmd  to  die  westward  of  the  banrier  of  ice  which  occupies  die 
middle  of  Bafttt's  B^.  Without  that  confidence  it  would  have 
been  litde  better  than  madness  to  have  attempted  » passage  through 
ao  compact  a  body  of  ice,  when  no  indication  of  a  clear  sea  appear>r 
<Udb4^ondit*  ^, -^ 

The  Hecla*s  calika  were  bent^and  the  Gripa>*8  signal  made  to 
dotdks  same*  As  wei^proached  thehmd,  the  wind  drewdirecdy 
outof  die  sound,  whidi  is  commoidy  loui^  to  be  die  «ase  in  ioleti 
of  this  nature,  in  which  the  wind  genendly  blows  direcdy  ^  or 
dotm.  A  flodk  df  vdiite  doefcs,  bdi^  vcd  t6>  be  male  eider-ducks, 
wOTf  seen  in  the  aftpfnoon,^  flying  to  the  eaatward. 
^''^SM^wiiid  increaMd  to  a  fnah  breeze  <»  the  morning  of  the 
iist^ 'which  prevented  our  muking  mvLcb  way  to  the  westward. 


"¥ 


i 


'  5^A*jsw*'" 


^ 


We  flood  m  towrdt  Cape  B3rMii  Mutiny  and  founded  in  eighty 
iMhomf  on  uncky  bociom,  at  the  diftance  of  two  miles  in  an  east 
direction  Ihrni  it.  We  foon  after  difcovered  the  flag-ttaff  which 
had  been  erected  on  Pbffeefion  Mount  on  the  former  expedition; 
an  object  which,  though  ina ignificant  in  ItaAff  called  up  every  per- 
aoo  immediately  on  deck  to  look  at  and  to  greet  it  ae  an  old  ac- 
quaintance. The  Griper  being  cone idi;rably  astern,  I  thought  ic 
a  good  opportunity  to  go  on  fhore»  in  order  to  make  fome  obser* 
yations  wnile  ahe  waa  comins  op.  Captain  Sabine  and  myielfj»' 
dierefofe^  left,  the  fhin,  and  landed  in  the  fame  spot,  near  thtf 
mouth  of  the  iftream  in  Pofsefsion  Bay,  where  obeervations  had 
been  made  the  preceding  year.  We  found  so  much  f  urf  on  the 
beach  as  to  make  it  necessary  to  haul  the  boat  up,  to  prevent  her 
beinv  stove.  A  number  of  loose  piecA  of  ice  had  been  thrown 
up  snovt  the  ortjlinary  high-water  mark ;  some  of  these  were  so 
coyered  by  the  sand  which  the  sea  had  washed  over  them,  that  wo 
were  at  a  loss  to  know  what  they  were,  till  a  quantity  of  it  had 
been  removed.  From  the  situation  and  appearance  of  these  masses, 
it  occurred  to  some  of  us  that  similar  masses,  found  under-  grounds 
in  those  spots  called  KaUuttt^'in  the  islands  near  the  coast  of  Sibe<i>f 
ria,  might  thus  have  been  originally  deposited.  ^ 

'Jlie  land  immediately  at  the  back  of  Possession  Bay,  rises  in  a 
gentle  slope  from  the  sea,  presenting  an  open  and  extensive  space 
o^  low  ground,  flanked  b^  hills  to  uie  north  *and  south.  In  thia 
valley,  and  even  on  the  hills,  to  the  height  of  six  or  seven  hundi'ed 
lieet  above  the  sea,  there  was  scarcely  any  snow*  but  the  3iountain# , 
at  the  back  were  completely  covered  with  it.  The  bed  of  the 
atream  wMch  winds  aking  the  valley  ts  in  many  placee  several 
hundred  yards  wide,  and  in  some  parts  from  thirty  to  forty  feel^ 
deepj  but  the  quantity  of  water  which  it  contained  at  this  season 
wak  exiremely  email  in  proportion  to  the  width  between  the  banka, 
*bot  exceeding  forty  feet  on  an  average,  and  from  one  to  three  feet 
only  in  depth  near  die  mouth  of  the  stream.  l*his  feature  is  com<i 
mon  in  every  part  of  the  Polar  regions  in  which  we-have  landed; 
the  beds,  or  ravines,  being  probably  formed  by  the  annual  dissolu- 
tion of  the  snow  during  a  long  series  of  years.  Some  pieces  of 
birch-^bark  having  been  picked  up  in  the  bed  of  this  stream,  in  1818, 
which  gave  reason  to  suppose  that  wood  might  be  found  growing 
in  the  interior,  I  directed  Mr.  Fisher  to  wrik  up  )t,  aecompanied 
1^  a' agnail  party,  and  to  occupy  an' hour  or  twoi,  while  the  Griper 
n^  coming  tip^  and  Captain  Sabine  and  myself  were  employed 
i^n  the  beach,,  in  examining  the  nature  and  produetiona  of  the 
cmintry.  ■■ 

Mr.  Fisher  reported,  on  his  return,  thi^t  he  had  followed  th^ 
ftream  between  tnree  and  four  miles,  where  it  turned  to  the  south- 
west, <wiihout  discovering  any  indicatioas  of  a  wooded  'country; 
but  a  auficient  eaq>lamition  respecting  the  birch-bark  was ^  perhstps^ 


<31 


lurnithed  by  his  finding*  at  the  distance  of  •  quarter  of  a  milt: 
irom  the  BtSf  a  piece  of  whalebone  two  feet  ten  inches. in  lengthy 
and  two  inches  in  breadth*  havine  a  number  of  circular  holes  veiy 
neatly  and  regularly  perforated  Mong  one  of  ita  edges,  and  which 
had  undoubtedly  formed  part  of  an  Esquimaux  sledge.  Thia  cir» 
Gumstance  affording  a  proof  of  the  Esquimaux  having  visited  thIa 
part  of  the  coast  at  no  very  distant  period,  it  was  concluded  tibat 
the  piece  of  ba4k  above  alluded  to*  had  been  brought  hither  by 
these  people.  From  the  appearance  of  the  whalebone,  it  miriit 
have  been  lying  there  for  four  or  five  years.  That  none  of  uva 
Esquimaux  tribe  had  visited  this  part  of  the  coast  since  we  landed 
tiiicre  in  1818,  was  evident  from  the  flag-staff  then  erected  still  re- 
maining  untouched.  Mr.  Fisher  found  every  part  of  the  valley 
quite  free  from  snow  'S  high  as  he  ascended  it;  and  die  following 
tact  seems  to  render  it  probable  that  no  great  quantity  eitlier  m 
snow  or  sleet  had  fallen  here  since  our  bst  visit.  Mr.  Fisher  had 
not  proceeded  far,  till,  to  his  great  surprise,  he  encounter<id  the 
tracks  of  human  feet  upon  the  banks  of  the  stream^  which  appeared 
ao  fresh,  that  he  at  first  imagined  them  to  have  been  recently  made 
by  son^e  natives,  but  which,  on  examination,  were  distinctly  ascer- 
tained to  be  the  marks  of  our  own  shoes  made  eleven  moii:«tha 
before^ 

^  The  only,  aatm|ils  we  met  with  were  a  fox«  a\  raven,  (Corvtu 
^CaraJc,)  some,  ring-plovers,  (6'Aara^rttM  Hiaticuh^  snow-buntings, 
and  a  wild  bee,  (ApiaAipina).  Several  tracks  of  be«rs  and  of  a  clover 
footed  animal,  probably  the  rein-deer,  were  also  observed  upon  the 
moist  ground.  Three  black  whales  were  seen  in  the  bay,  and  the 
crown-bones  of  several  others  were  lying  near  the  beach.  Const- 
den^le  tufts  of  moss  and  of  grass  occur  in  this  valley,  principally 
in  those  parts  which  are  calculated  to  retain  the  water  produced  by 
the  melting  of  the  snow.  Indned,  moisture  alone  seems  necessary 
to  the  growth  of  a  variety  of  plants  which  are  found  in  this  dreary 
climate.  Mr.  Fisher  who  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  somw 
of.tljie  ^edroclr^  ■considered  them  to  consist  principally  of  basalt. 
A  great  qua^i^of  lime-^tonc  was  found  in  the  valley,  together 
.with  pieces  pf  granite,  quartz,  feldspar,  trap,  and^  sandstone. 

The  latitude  observed  at  the  mouth  of  the  stream  was  73*  31'  16^', 
and  the  longitude  by  the  chronometers,  77"  £2'  21",  the  latter  dif- 
fering only  1'  30"  to  the  eastward  of  that  obtained  on  ^he  samespot, 
by  No.^09  of  Eamshaw,  the  preceding  year.  The  d^  of  the  nee^ 
was  86°  03'  4ft'Van4  the,  variation  108°  46'  35"  westerly,  agreeiiw 
nearly  with  t^atjdbs«rved  by  Lieutenant  Hoppner^  in  1818.  At  hid^ 
past  ten  A.M.,  when  we  landed,  the  tide  was  falling  by  the  shpra, 
a|id  continued  to  do  so  till  about  half  an  hour  before  noon;  the  suif 
on  the  beachf  however*,  did  not  allow  oie  to  determine  .the  time  w;idl 
very  great  precision.  By  the  mean  of  our  observations  made  now« 
and  ill  the  foregoing  year,  the  time  of  high  water  on  fiiU^anif 


.  W 


t  ■ 


£?#._ 


\ 


\ ' 


cliMifB  4ityi,  wmH  Mpmr  to  be  tbout  t  quarter  put  elev«s.  At 
Mr*  F.Mm  tht  witur  hM  fhen  two  feet  tiid  •  hilf,  and  the  whole 
rtoe  df  tMU,  m  nearfy  aa  we  could  Judge  from  the  nnarks  on  the 
beach,  aiagr  be  from  tfai  to  eight  feet.  The  ttream  certainly  came 
ftom  the  northward  and  weetward  along  the  there  of  the  bay, 
Jvimr  the  thne  that  the  tide  waa  rieingi  and  Lieut.  Beechey  ob» 
aer?ed  that,  in  runnhig  idont  ehore,  in  -a  aonth-caaterly  direction, 
Ifce  ihltt  teemed  to  go  SMich  fatter  by  the  land  then  the  tailed 
through  the  water.  It  it  more  than  probable,  therefore,  that  die 
flUod  comet  fkvm  the  «orth*wettwerd  on  thit  particular  part  of  tut 
eoaat.  Near  th^  tpot  on  which  we  made  the  obaervationt,  a  liottle 
wat  buried  containing  mi  account  of  our  vitit,  and  a  pile  of  ttenae 
ind  earth  raited  over  It. 

'  In  approaching  Pomettion  fiay»  the  colour  of  the  wator  waaob- 
aenred  to  chaiq^e  to  a  Mg^  green,  at  the  dittance  of  two  or  tw* 
imd  a  hilf  milee  from  the  thcHre,  but  there  wat  no  other  appearanee 
of  aheal  water,  and  we  could  Snd  no  bottom  w*ithaixiy  and  teventy 
itehomt  of  Kne»  well  within  it;  we  had  fourteen  nithomt,OB  a 
aandy  bottom,  at  a  caUe't  length  from  the  beach. 

Having  4hiithed  our  obterrationt,  we  returned  on  board,  and 
made  all  tail  for  the  Sound  t  but  the  wind  bloiTing  ttiU  from  thte 
wettward,  the  progreat  of  the  thipt  wat  but  alow  in  that  direetimk 
The  tea  wat  perfootfy  free  firom  ice,  ewept  a  tipgle  berg,  and  oMe 
or  t#o  narrow  though  heavy  ttreaiD%  which  offered,  howaTi^r 
litda  <»>  no  obatructidn  to  the  navigaSon. 


m- 


.H- 


CHA1pT£R  II. 


JMroaee  tala  Mr  Jtemai  XanMfter*t  dtound  ef  Ji^yn.^4?htntei  mM 
rtm&ge  to  iht  Wiutmmri^Ditetmiy  and  itoflai<aafl>m  ff  fnme 
Mtgen^i  MeU-*Pr9gr«tt  to  tht  HovMnmrd  itopfMd  -^  Moe-'Bekmi 
to  the  Ji/brtknHu4'i'^Fm$  Bmnrw^t  mrtiit  tmdaiiwIhtPiikKr  8m, 

WE  were  now  about  to  enter  and  to  explore  that  |pwat  aouoA 
or  Inlet  which  hat  obtained  a  daffree  of  celebrity  beyond  what  It 
might  ottierwite  hate  (seen  c6ntiaered  to  pomeae,  firom  the  very 
ieppE)^te  opinfont  which  have  been  held  witii  ttp^  to  it.  To  ut 
h  wat  pec\ffllarty  inVeveailng,  at  being  the  point  to  which  our  in^ 
ritruttiont  more  partkuli^y  directed  our  attention ;  and»  I  mttf 
add,i»hat  f  beHeve  we  an  felt,  it  wat  that  point  of  the  voyage 
lUkteh  #at  to  determine  die  aueeeta  or  follure  of  the  expeditioU; 
itcording  at  one  6rdther  6f  the  oppoaite  opioiona  alluded  to  ahoida 
ba  coh^bdTattd.    If  will  readily  be  conceived^  il<icu,  how  great 


■i 


33 


our  Misicty  wm  for  «  change  of  the  westerly  wind  and  swell.  Thick, 
on  the  Ist  of  August  set  down  Sir  James  Lancaster's  Sound,  and 
prevented  our  making  miKh  progress.  We  experienced  also  ano- 
ther source  of.anxiety.  The  rrUitive  sailing  qualities  of  the  :wo 
ships  were  found  to  have  altered  so  much,  that  we  were  obligi :  to 
keep  the  Hecla  under  easy  sail  the  whole  day,  to  allow  the  Gripor 
to  keep  up  with  us,  although  the  latter  had  hitherto  kept  way  with 
her  consort,  when  sailing  by  the  wind.  The  ships  stretched  to  tho 
northward  across  the  entrance  ot  the  sound,  meeting  occasionally 
with  some  loose  and  heavy  streams  of  ice,  and  were  at  noon  in  lati- 
tude, by  observation,  73^  55'  19",  and  in  longitude,  by  the  chrono- 
meters, 77*  40'.  Several  wh.'Ues  were  seen  in  the  course  of  the 
day,  and  Mr.  Allison  remarked,  that  this  was  the  only  part  of 
Baffin's  Bay  in  whieh  he  had  ever  seen  young  whales  i  for  it  is  a 
matter  of  surprise  to  the  whalers  in  general,  that  they  seldom  or 
never  meet  with  young  ones  on  this  fishery,  as  they  are  accustomed 
to  do  in  the  seas  of  Spitsbergen. 

The  Griper  continued  to  detain  us  so  much  thjst  I  determined 
on  making  the  best  of  our  way  to  Uie  westward,  that  no  more  time 
than  was  necessary  might  be  occupied  in  the  examination  of  the 
bottom  of  Sir  James  Lancaster's  Bound,  provided  it  should  be 
found  to  be  an  inlet  surrounded  by  land.  I  was  the  more  inclined 
to  do  this,  from  the  circumstance  of  the  sea  being  so  clear  of  ice» 
ns  to  offer  no  impediment  to  the  navigation,  which  rendered  it 
next  to  impossible  that  the  two  ships  should  not  meet  each  other 
again;  and  it  seemed  to  me  to  be  of  considerable  importance  to 
obtain  as  early  information  as  possible  whether  a  passage  did  ov 
did  not  exist  there,  as,  in  the  latter  event,  we  should  have  to  pro- 
ceed still  further  to  the  northward  in  search  of  one  through  some 
of  the  other  Sounds  of  Baffin;  besides,  the  farther  north  we  had  to 
go,  the  shorter  would  the  navigable  season  be  to  allow  us  to  ex- 
plore these  sounds^  On  these  considerations  I  ordered  the  Hecla 
to  be  hove  to  in  the  evening,  and  sent  Lieutenant  Liddon  an  iii- 
atruction,  with  some  signals,  w|iich  might  facilitate  our  meeting 
incase  of  fog:  and  I  appointed  as  a  place  of  rendezvous  the  me- 
ridian of  85"  west,  and  aa  near  die  middle  of  the  sound  as  circum- 
atances  would  permit.  As  soon,  therefore,  as  the  boat  returned 
from  the  Griper,  we  carried  a  press  of  sail,  and,  in  the  course  of 
the  evening,  saw  the  northern  shore  of  the  sound  looming  throu^ 
the  clouds  which  hung  over  it. 

It  fell  calm  on'  the  morning  of  the  8d,  and  at  nine  A*M.»  we 
sounded  with  the  deep-sea  chimms,  and  found  one  thousand  and 
fifty  fathoms  by  the  line,  on  a  bottom  of  mud  and  small  atonies  j 
but  I  believe  the  depth  of  water  did  not  exceed  eight  or  nine  hun- 
dred fathoms,  the  ship's  drift  being  considerable  on  account  of  ,the 
swell.  It  should  be  remarked,  also,  that  where  the  soundings  ex- 
ceed five  or  six  hundred  fathoms,  even  in  very  calm  weather^  the 

E 


i 


^j 


H 


Al 


''      '  \t. 


u 


f'B 


actoftl  di^th^moit,  inibe  iiiiifll  wiy  of  obtaitnng  it,  be  m  miilev  6t 
tome  uncertainty,  for  the  weight  M  the  line  canses  it  to  run  out 
mth  ■  velbcity  not  perceptibly  diminished,  l^^tg  '^t^er  the  le«d  or 
the  dnmikis  have  etruck  the  ground.'  The  clamnis  being  now  down, 
we  were  about  to-uy  the  set  of  the  current,  by  mooring  a  boat  to 
the  line,  when  the  breeze  Mgain  sprung  up  from  the  westward  and 
pirevented  it.  At  noon  we  were  m  latitude  by  observation  74*  30' 
03^'.,  and  in  longitude  78*  Of",  Gape  Osbom  bearing  N.  79*  W., 
distant  forty*one  miles. 

The  weather  beins  clear  in  the  evening,  we  had  the  first  distinOf 
view  «if  both  sides  of  the  sound,  and  the  difference  in  the  charact^ 
flf  the  two  shores  was  very  apparent,  that  on  the  south  consistini; 
of  high  and  peaked  mountains,  completely  snow-clad,  except  on 
tfie  lower  parts,  while  the  northern  coast  has  gener^dly  a  tmoothet 
outline,  and  had  eompwatively  with  the  other,  little  snow  upon  if^ 
tile  diflsrence  in  this  last  resjKct,  appearing  to  depend  prioeipifU.y': 
on  the  diflerence  in  theif  absolute  height.  The  sea  was  open  b#* 
ft>re  us^free  from  ice  or  land;  and  the  Hecla  pitched  so  much 
from  the  westerly  swell  ii^  the  course  of  the -day,- as  to  throw  the 
water  once  of  twice  into  the  stern  windows,  a- circumstance  whieh,' 
together  with  other  appearances.  We  were  willing  taattribistcf -to 
an  «pefi  sea  in  the  desired  dtvectton.  More  tfaanfortybkck  wHflAlS» 
were  s«n<  during  the  day. 

We  had  alternately  fresh  breezes  from  thewestii^rd,  aiid  calms 
on <the  morning  of  the  M,  when  we  had  only  gaitied  eight  or  nitte 
milts  upon  the  Griper,  which  we  observed  coming  up^he  B6mA 
beforean  easterly  wind,  with  idl  her  studding  sails  set,  while  we' 
had  a  fresh  breeze  from  the  westward.  In  the  forenoon  we  we*f 
iHi^teii  Oapes  Warrender  and  Osborri^  and  had  a  govMi'Viewof  Si^ 
George 'HopeV  Monument,  which  proved  to  be  a  dark-lookin|^ 
p«d  ookispicUottis  hill  on  the  itoain  land,  and  not  an  iidand,  as  it  apff 
"WliiT^d  to  be  when  at  a  distance,  on  our  fbrmer<ir6yage. 
^  A  solkafy  iceberg  being  near  us,  Captain  Sabi^ne,  Lieutamtt 
^eeeheVf  land  Mr.  llooper,  were  sent  upon  it  to^^  dMeNe  th^  varla^ 
tion  of  the  neodlc  and  the  longitudevand  to  take  angles  for^ttMP 
survey, a baife  betngmensured  by  Massey^  log  tMitween  the  shl^' 
ind  the  berg.  We  here  obtained  aoundings  in  three  hundred  ani 
eieven^ithree  fathoms,  the  bottom'  eoasisthig  of  mud  find  smiktt 
8t<mes#  of  which  a  small  quantity  was  brot^ht  up  in  the  clammSi.' 
By  .a  boat  moored  to  this  instrument,  a  tide  or  current  was  found 
to  let  liorth  ^*  £.,at  the  rate  of  seven^ghthsdf  amUeperhour; 
Ijhe  Variation  observed  upon  the  ieebefig^^was  106*  58'  05"- westerly. 
iAr^ioon  we  were  in  latitude  74*  35^  91 "» longitude  80^04'  30^V  ; 

Being  favoured  at  length: by  the  easterly  breeze  whieh  was 
brhiging  up  the  Griper,  and  for  which  we  hjsd  long  been  lookiaff 
V^th  muoh  impatience,  a  tirowd  of  si^il  was  set  to  carry  u«  with  «« 
ra^dity  to  the  westward.    It  is  more  eaky  to  lomgiae  thaii  w 


*™*(«»ix"  i'^-'mftmitrjij.rr.  -  mm'S,nix* 


35 


diMHiM  th6  aluiMt  breAthlest^^  ifloAtty  which  w«rf  II6W  viatble^  m 
evei^-  «ountenafit«f  while*  as  thc^  brreze  incrt-at xd  to  a;  fresh  gale, 
We  ran  quickly  ujp  the  Sound.-^  The  mast-heads  wtire  crowdied  by 
A»  oflicers  afid  amen  during  the  whole  afternoon  ;^  and  an  uncem 
<Bamed  observer;  if  toy  could'  have  been  unconcerned  on  sutih  ill 
occasion,  wodid  have  been  amused  by  the  ehgenvess  wUh  whi0h 
the  various  reports  from  the  crowVnest  were  recetved/alt,  how- 
ever, hitherto  favourable  to  our  most  sanguine  hopes^  .>ii^^  >*''** 
Between  four  and  six  P.M.,  we  passed  several  ripUngs  1MI'  the 
Water,  as  if  occasioned  by  a  weather  tide,  but  no  bottoin  ceuM  be 
found  with  the  hand-leads.  Being  now  abreast  of  Cape  Castle- 
reftgh^  more  dstant  land  was  seen  to  open  out  to  the  westward  of 
it,  and  between  the  cape  and^is  land  was  perceived  an  inlet,  to 
which  I  have  given  ^e  name  of  the  Navy  Board's  Inlet.  We  saw 
.points  of  land  apparently  all  round  this  iidet»  but  being  at  a  ver^ 
gfeAt  distance  from  it  we  were  unable  to  determine  whether  it  was 
dMBtinuoos  or  not.  But  as  the  land  on  the  western  side  a|^eared 
so  much  lower  and  smoother  than  that  on  the  opposite  side  near 
Cape  Castlereagh,  and  came  down  so  near  the  horizon,  about  the 
centre  of  the  Inlet,  the  general  impression  was,  that  it  is  not  con- 
tinuous in  that  part;  Aa  our  business  lay  to  the  westward,  how- 
ever^ and  not  to  the  south,  the  whole  of  this  extensive  inlet  was, 
sin  a  few  hours,  kwt  in'  d^stiance.  ■  ^u- 

/  III  the  mean  time  the  land  had  opened  out,  on  the  opposite  shoiw, 
to  the  nofth  ward  and  westward  of  Cape  Warrender,  consisting  cif 
kigh  mountains,  and  in  some  parts  of  table  land.  Several  head- 
'lands  were  here  distinctly  made  out,  of  which  the  northemmott 
and  most  conspicuous,  was  named-  after  Captain  Nicholaa  Le^li^ 
ttere  Pateshally  of  dhe^  Royal  Navy.  The  extensive  bay'  into 
whkh  Cape  Fateshall  extends,  and  which,  at  the  distance  we 
pasted  it»  appeared  to  be  broken  or  detached  in  many  parts,  was 
named:  Croliiir*8  Bay,  in  humour  of  Mr.  Crokef^  Secretary  of  tlte 
i|;daaiiral^ ;  I  have  called  this  large  opening  a  bay,-th(Mighthe 
<|iHckDc«w'with;whicfltwe  sailed  past  it  did  not  alloir  us  to  deters 
mine  the  absolute  continuity  of  land  round  the  bottom  of  It ;  it  is, 
thcrefore,'by  oc^  means^mprobabley  that  a  passage  m<^>  here  be  one 
day  found  ^mSic  James  Lancaster'a  Sound  into  the  uorthem  Sea; 
The  €»ape,  which  lies  on  the  weaterp  side  of  Croker's  9ay,  was 
named  after  l^r  £verard  Home.  .a 

V  ,  Our  course  was  nearly  due  west,  and  the  wind  stiU  continuifig 
tO'  freshen,  took.  US  in  a  few  hours  nearly  out  of  sight  of  the  GK«p«r. 
The  only  ice  which  we  met  with  consisted  of  n  few  large  bergs 
very  muKh  washed  by  the  sea$  and,  the  weather  being  remarkablf 
ckar^o  as  to  eniahle  us  to  run  vith  perfect  safety,  we  were^  by 
midnight,  in  a  great  measure  rcF.eved  from  our  anxiety  reapectiag 
like  supposed -xotttinuity  of  land  at  the  bottom  of  thist  magnificent 
iide:^  having  reached  the  loogittide  of  83*  13'>  where  the  two  iheree 


*    i 


■.  li 


'^r-ve>V  Jftl-' 


36 

are  ttill  tbovf  thirteen  Ieag«e»  apart,  without  thajslightestJl^petK-. 
anc«  of  any  land  to  the  westwani  of  us  for  four  or  five  points  of 
the  compass.  The  colour  of  the  water  having  become  rath«r  U^ht* 
er,  we  bove-to  at  this  time  for  the  Griper,  and  obtained  soundingi 
in  one  iiundred  and  fifty  fi^thoms  on  a  muddy  bottom.  The  wM 
increased  so  much  as  to  make  it  necessary  to  cloae-reef  the  sailQ^t 
ami  to  get  the  top«gfiUant  yards  down,  and  there  was  a  breaking 
sea  from  the.eattwarcjl.  A  great  number  of  whales  were  seen  in 
course  of  this  day's  run. 

On  the  4thy  haying  made  the  ship  snug,  so  as^to  be  in  readiness, 
tp.round  to.  should  the  land  be  seen  a-head,and  the  Griper  having 
come  up  within  a  few  miles  of  U8»  we  again  bore  up  at  one  A.M* 
At  half-past  three.  Lieutenant  Beechey,  who  had  relieved  me  on 
deck,  discovered  from  the  crowVnest^  a  reef  of  rocks,  tn-shoreof 
ui&  to  the  northward,  on  which  the  sea  was  breaking.  These  brea^f 
kers  appeared  to  lie  directly  off  a  cape,  which  we  named  after  Re«^> 
Admiral  Joseph  BuUen»  and  i^bich  lies  immediately  to  the  easte 
ward  of  an  inlet,  that  I  named  Brooking  Cuming  Inlet.  A9  the 
sea  had  now  become  high,  and  the  water  appeared  discoloured  at 
some  distance  without  the  breakers,  the  Hecla  was  immediately 
roundedtOi  for  the  purpose  of  sounding  ;  we  could  find  ho  bot- 
tom with  fifty  fathoms  of  line,  but  the  Griper  coming  up  ahbr^y 
after,  olmtained  soundings  in  seventy-five  fathoms,  on  a  bpttom  of 
aand  and  mud.  We  here  met  wiUi  innumeriMe  loose  masses,  of 
icef  upon  which  the  sea  was  constantly  breaking,  in  a  manner  so^ 
auicil  resembling  Uie  breakers  on  shoid8,as  to  makerit  a  matter 
of  some  iittle  uncertainty  at  the  time,  whether  those  of:  n^ich)  I 
lUKve  spoken  above^  might  not  also  have  been  caused  byjce. .  It  is 
poesible,  therefore,  that  shoal  watef  may  not  be  found.to  .exist  jin 
this  ^ce  j  but  I  thought  it  right  to  mark  the  spot  on  the  chart,  % 
warn  future  navigators  when  approaching  this  part  of  the  coa^t^ 
That  there  is  something  out  of  the  common  way  in  this  neighbouiv . 
hood,  appears,  however,  more  than  probable,  from  the  soundings 
43btaincd  by  the  Griper,;  which  are  much  less  than  ^t  found  them 
in  any-other  part  of  the  Spund  at  the  same  distance  from  land. 

At  seven  A.M.^  there  being  less  sea,  and  no  appearance  of  bro;* 
ken  or,  discoloured  water,  we  agtun  bore  away. to  the  westward|- 
the  Grifer  having  joined  us  about  the  meridian  of  85%  whioh  ,had 
been  appointed  as  our  place  of  rendezvoua.  Since  the  precetBng 
evenang,^^  thick  haze  had  been  hanging  over  the  horizon  to  the 
aouthward,  which  prevented  our  seeing  the  land  in  that  4irectton« 
to  the  westward  of  87%  while  the  whole  of  the  northern  shore, 
though,  as  it  afterwards,  proved,  at  a  greater  distance  from  us, 
was  distinctly  visible.  At  noon,  being  in  latitude  74"  IS'  5J^"  N«, 
longitude,  by  chronometers,  86r30'  30'%  we  were  near  two  ^nletn^ 
of  which  the  eastf  mmost  was  named  Bunnet  Inlet,  and  the  other 
•jBtnu»n  inlet.    The  land  between  these  tWQ  had  very  much  thr 


i;:XiJu».*i*:i 


p:„„  Sf  ■ 

i^peanmee  of  aa  idittid..  We  rounded  to,  for  the  poipose  of 
sounding,  as  well  as  to  wait  for  our  consort,  and  found  no  bottom 
with  one  hundred  and  seventy  fa^oms  of  line,  the  water  being  of 
«  dirty  light-^nreen  colour.  The  cliflb  on  this  part  of  the  coast 
present  a  singular^  appearance,  iMeing  stratified  horizontally,  and 
having  a  number  of  regulw 'projecting  masses  of  rOclr,  broad  at 
the  bottom,  and  coming  to  a  point  at  the  top,  resembling  so  many 
buttresses^,  raised  by  art  at  equal  intervals. 

After  lying-to  for  an  hour^  we  agdn  bore  up  to  the  westward, 
and  soon  after  discovered  a  cape,  afterwards  named  fay  Captain 
Sabine,  Cape  Fellfoot,  which  appeared  to  form  the*termination  of 
this  coast ;  and  as  the  haze,  which  stiU  prevailed  to  the  south, 
prevented  our  seeing  any  land  in  Uiat  quarter,  and  the  sea  was  lite- 
rally as  free  i^of    ice  as  ai|r  part  of  the  Atiantic,  we  began  to 
flatter  ourselvet^         "  e  had  fairly  entered  the  Polar  sea,  and  some 
of  the  most  san  u  c    among  us  had  even  calculated  the  bearing^ 
aikdi  distance  of  Icy  Cape,  as  a  matter  of  no  very  difficult  or  im- 
probable accomplishment.    Thispleasing  prospect  was  rendered 
the  more  flattering  by  die  sea  having,  as  we  thought,  reguned  the 
iisuild  oceanic  cdiOur,aad  by  a  long  swell  which  was  rolling  in  from 
^  liouthward  and  eas^md.    At  six  P.M.,  however,  land  was 
reported  to  be  seen  a-head.  ^  The  vexati<Hi  and  anxiety  produced 
on  every  countenance  by  lochia  report,  was  favit  too  visible,  until, 
on  a  nearer  approach*  it  was  fouud  to  be  only  an  island,  of  no  very 
large  extent,  and  that,  oneaeh  sideof  it,  the  horizon  still  appeared 
dear  for  severaLpointsof  the  compass.     AlOre  land  was  also  dti» 
covered  beyond  Cifipe  Fellfoot,  imi^iediately  to  the  westward  of 
which  liesr  a  deep  imd- broad  bay,  which^  I  nuned  after  my  friend, 
Mr.  Maxwell,  to  whose  kindness  and  unremitting  attention,  I  am 
more  indebted  dian  it  might  be  proper  here  to  express.  At  eight 
V.M'9  we  caniie  to  some  {ice  of  no  great  breadth  or  thickness,  ex- 
temUng  several  miles  in  a  direction  nearly  para^el  to  our  course ; 
and  as  we  could  see  eleair  water  over  it  to  the  southward,  I  ^ was  for 
wmp  time  in  the  hope^  that  it  would  prove  a  detached  stream«from 
whidt  no  obstruction  to  our  prc^^ress  westerly  was  to  be  appre- 
hended.   At  twenty  minutes  past  ten»  however,  the  weather  hav- 
ing become  hazy,  and  the  wind  light,  we  perceived  that  the  ice, 
idong  which  we  had  been  sailing  for  the  la«t  two  hours*  was^ned, 
at  the  distance  of  half  a  mile  to  the, westward  of  us,  to  a  compact 
and  impenetrable  body  of  floes»  which  lay  across  the  whole  breadth 
of  the  strait,  formed  by  the  island,  and  the  western  point  of  Masi^ 
well  Bay.    Wehaided  our  wind  to  the  northward,  just  in  time  to 
avoid  being  embayed  in  the  ice,  on  the  outer  edgec^  which  a  con- 
siderable surf,  the  effieci;  of  the  late  gale,  was  t^en  rolling.    A  se- 
cond island  was  discovered  to  the  southward  of  the  formerilpiboth 
of  which  I  ^ve  the  name  of  Prince  Leopold's  Isles,  in  h^ur  ol 
hii  Royal  fiighaess  Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe  Cobu<^«    Imme- 


f 


sa 


i 


liialelf  lo  tha.  MsMrafd  df.  thsie  ialmcU,  flmUt  wm  i  •trmif  wMcf* 
diy,  indicatfiny  atconaidertbls  cstem  of  open  sea,  but  a  brigbt  tct'* 
Miak  fio  the  wes^rard  afforded  little  hope^  for  the  present,  of  find* 
ing  a  paaaagA  m.thc  deaired  direction..  ,  We  saw  to^disy,  for  the 
irat  tiiile^a  numheto  of  white  whales ;  (Dti^nua  Aikkmu/y  guilk^ 
WKUffvimtat  pctrela^  and  kit^wdcesy  were  alao>nanicreu8  near  th* 

The  eatterly  wind  died  tmvf  dn  the  morning;  of  die  5th,  and 
>lNa  svcceeded  by  U|^  and  irarii^le  .airs,  with  thick*  snowy  wea- 
^r.  Atnoop  we  were  in  lat.  74^  19'  08",  long,  S9*'  t8'  40",  the 
loundings  being  one  hnndroA.  and  thir^-fiTo  lathoins,  on  a  mudc^ 
bottom.  .  At  hufifa«t  ten  we  tried  wMlier  there  were  any  current 
and  if  ao  in  what,  dinction  it  oug^  be  setting,:  by  mooring  ar  boat; 
to  the  bottom,,  with  the  <ieep«>8eai  chduna;  but  none  eould  be  de*> 
tect«d.  An  boitr  before,  die  same  elperimcat  had  been  tried*  oii 
board  die  Griper^  when-  JLictttetiant  Liddon  found  the  corrent  to 
be  setting  east  at  the  rate  of  nine  miles  per  day^  While  the  ^alm 
and  thick  w«ather  ksted,  a  nuihber  of  the  offioen  and  men.  amused 
iheiiisclyes  in  the  boats,  in  endeavouring  to  kill-some  of  the  white 
whafes  wy«h  were  swiramiag  about  thc/Diips  in«  great  numbers  { 
but  the  animal  wdre  m>  wary,  that  they  would  scarcely  soffiKr  tha 
boats  to  approach  them  wUhtn  thirty  or  forty  yards  without  <M»ii^ 
Hfr.  Fiaher  described  them  to  be  generally  from  eighteen  to  twenlgr 
feet  in  length;  and  he  stated,  that  he  had  aevend. times  heard 
lAiem  emit  a  shriU,  >'*<N|^(^  sound,  not  unlike  that  of  musical  glassei 
when  b«(Uy  played,  ^his.  sounds  he  further  observed,  wai  moat, 
dutinctly  heard.  whei»  they  hi^pened.t»  swim  directly  beneath  tk» 
lApjiti  eveu  when,  tiny  were  scvend  feet  under  water,  and  eeastod 
altogether  on  their  coming  to  the  soriace.  W*  saw  i^,  for  the 
fii^t  time,  one  or  two  shoals  of  narwbab,  (Ahnetion  Manocenot^^ 
called  by  the  sailors,  sea«tunicorn8. 

A,  steady  brcieze  springing  up  fron  the  W.N.W.  in  the  ailttr» 
oooa,'tbe  fihips  stood  toUie  Borthward,tin  we  had  distincdy  made 
out,. that. no  passage  tp^  the  westward  couM  at  present  be  found 
between  the  ice.  and  the  land.  The  wf>uther  having  become  clemr 
about  this  time,  we  perceived  that  there  was  a  large  open  space  to 
the  southwfldrd*  where  no  land  was  visible;  and  for  this  openitw^ 
over  wfiicb  ther^B  waf  a  dark  water-sky,  our  course  was  now  <&• 
rected.  It  fell  cakn  again,  however,  in  a  few  hour^,  so  thiMS  at 
noon,  on  the  6th,  we  were  still  abreast  of  Prince  Leopold's;  Islanda, 
.which  were  so  surrounded  by  ice,  that  we  could  not  approach  them 
nearer  than  four  or  6ve  miles*  The  appearance  of  these  isiandsr  it 
not.  less  retbafkable  than  that  of  the  northern  shore  of  the  strait, 
being  also  stratified  horizontally,  but  having  none  of  those  Iwttress* 
l^e,  pi:ojectioi»  before  described.  IHie  different  strata  form  ao 
iMny  shelves,  as  it  were,  on  which  the  snow  lodges;  so  thatimme* 
diatel^  after  a  fall  of  snow,  thejslands  appear  to  be  itriped  with 


1 


w 


irtHit  and  broim  lOteliifltely.  The  iioithermniMrisl«id,  ipImii  Men 
from  the  E.N.E.,  appeiura  like  a  level  piece  of  CiU)le<4aiid,  beini; 
.  ^oitr  perpendicular  at  each  extreme. 
^^  The  Griper  having  unfortunately  sprung  bo^  her  topflMMta, 
liieut.  Liddon  tcmk  ad(irantage  of  the  calnn  weather  to  shift  thein* 
The  Hecla^s  boats  were  at  the  same  time  employed  in  bringing  oil 
board  ice,  to  be  used  as  water;  a  measure  to  wtihich  it  is  occasioHi^ 
aUy  necessary  to  resort  in  these  re|^ons,  when  no  pools  or  ponds 
aro  to  be  found  upon  the  floes*  in  'this  case,  herg>ice,  when  At 
hand,  is  generally 'preferred;  but  that  of  floes,  which  is  in  'fiict  the 
ice  of  sea-water,  is  also  abundantly  used  for  this  purpose:  the  only 
precaution  which  it  is  necessary  to  observe,  being  that  of  aHowin^ 
the  salt  water  to  drain  ofi^  before  it  is  dissolved  for  use.  One  (X 
our  boats  was  upset  by  the  f^sdl  of  a  mass  ^f  ice  which  the  mep) 
tvere  breaking;  but  fortunately  no  injury  was  sustained. 
'  A 'breeze  sprung  up  from  the  N.N^W.  1n  the  evening,  and  the 
Sriper  being  ready  to  midce  saiU  we  stood  to  the  southward. 
The  land,  which  now  became  visible  to  the  south-east,  dtscovered 
to  lie',  that  we  were  entering  a  large  infoti  net  less  than  ten  leagues 
wide  at  its  mouth,  and  in  the  centre^  of  which  no  land  eo^ld  be 
distinguished.  The  wilstenl  ihore  of  the  inlet^  which  extended 
as'ifaras  we  could  see  to  thetS.S.W.,  was  so  eBotimber^d  w'«i|i 
ice^  that  there  was  tio  possibili^  of  saitin'^  near  ft%  I,  ther^fore^ 
mn  aldiHgthe  edge  of  the  ice,  between  which  and  tile  faaitem  shore, 
^ere  was  a  broad  audi  open  channiel,  with  the  intention  of  seekini^ 
lit  »  lower  latitude,  a  clearer  passage  to  the  westward  than  that 
which  we  had  jiftst  been  obliged  to  al^andon  ly<ing  betweeit  Princsr 
JLseopold's  I^les,  and  Maxwelrs  Bay.  "^Thc  head-hind,  whiieh  fbnns 
&e 'western  point  of  the  entrance  into  this  inlet,  was  honoared 
fa^^the  name  of  Cape  Clarence,  afterhis  Royal  Higfiiness  the  0Ufk« 
of  ^Cburence ;  and  another,  to  the  south-eastward  of  this,  w«s 
nttned  after  Sir  Robert  Sepphaga,  one  of  the  surveyora  of  his  JMh^ 
lesty's  .navy.- ':  ■'V'-'^'  '        '      *■-'  '  ■■•■ 

iBince  the  time  we  first  entered  Sir  |a(mcs.  liancatter's  Sound, 
^ie  sluggishness  of  the  com]>asscs,  as  wellastbe  amount  of  thiinr 
hrregularity  produced  by  the  attraction  of  the  ship- s  iron,  had  beett 
Saund  very  rapidly,  though  uniformly,  to  incrcaae,  as  we  proceeded 
to  the  westward ;  so  much,  indeed,  that  for  the  last  two  da]^,  Wo 
h«d  been  underthe  necessity  of  ^^ving  up  altogether  theusoal  Ob- 
sel^ations  for  determinihg  the  varlalson  of  the  needle  on  board 
the  ships;  This  >regularity  became  mo^e  and  more  obvious  ai 
we  now  advanced  tO  the  southward,  l^e  rough  magnetic  bearinc 
of^the  sun,  at  noon,  or  at  midnight,  or  when. ob  the  prime  verdcali 
as  com|wred  with  ittf  true  azitOuth,  was  suffieient  to  render  thii 
incl^asing  inefficienicy  of  the  compass  quite  apparent.  For  SiMaM- 
plr;  at  noon  this  day,  whilie  wewj^re  observing  i^  metidian  alti>^ 
tctdc,  the  bearing  of  the  sua  was  two  points  oil  th«  HecU^  liiiboai4 


1 


il 


['4 


t«0ljfaw  ■W-HWi'Wi'**;'* 


m 


bow,  Mttd  comequeBdy  her  tr|e  coune  wm  about  S.S.W.  The 
binnacle  and  azimuth  compassra  at  the  same  time  agreed  in  shew 
ktg  N.N. W.iW.,  makine  the  variation  to  be  allowed  On  thtt 
course,  eleven  points  and  a>half  westerly,  corresfionding  nearly 
with  an  azimuth  taken  on  the  foUowingtnqrning,  which  gave  I3f* 
12'.  It  was  evident,  therefore,,  that  a  very  material'  change  had 
taken  place  in  the  dip,  or  the  variation^  or  in  both  these  phenomentt, 
•ince  we  had  last  an  opportunity  of  obtaining  observations  upon 
tfiem ;  which  rei^dered  it  not  improbabb  that  we  were  now  making 
•  very  near  apMoach  to  the  magnetic  pole.  This  supposition  was 
Ibrther  streugmened  on  the  morning  of  the  7th ;  when  having  de- 
creased our  latitude  to  about  73%  we  found  that  no  alteration  wimt- 
ever  ilk  the  absolute  course  on  which  the  Heda  was  steering, 
produced  a  chanae  of  more  ^an  three  or  four  points  in  the  di^ 
lection  indicated  by  the  compass,  which'  continued  tiniform^ 
li^m  N.N.E.  to  N.N.W.,  according  as  the  ship^s  head  was  jdaced 
on  one  side  or  the  other  of  the  magnetic  n  meridian.  We  now, 
therefore,  witnessed,  for  the  first  time,  the  cOrious  phenomenon 
of  the  directive  power  of  the  needle,  becoming  so  weak  as  to  be 
completely  bvereome  by  die  attraction  of  the  ship;  so  that  the 
neeole  might  now  be  properly  said  to  point  to  the  north  pole  of 
Ihe  ship.  It  was  only,  however,  hi  those  compasses  in  which  die 
lightness  of  the  cards,  and  great  delicacy  in  the  suspension,  had 
been  naiticularilr  attended  to,  that  even  this  degree  of  onilbrmlty 
prevailed;  for,  ih  the  heavier  cards,  the  fnction  upon  the  pohiibi 
0f  suspension  was  much  too  great  to  be  <  overcome  even  by  the 
ship's  attraction,  and  they  cbns^quentijr  remained  indifferentiy  in 
apiy  position  in  which  th|r^  happened  to  be  placed.  J^or  the  pu^ 
pMes  of  navigation,  therierore,tne' compasses  were  from  this  tinie 
no  longer  constilted;  utd  in  a  few  days  afterwards,  the  binnacles 
were  removed  as  useless  lumber,  from  the  deck  to  the  carpenter^ 
store-room,  where  they  remained  during  the  rest  of  the  seas<Hi,  the 
azimuth  compass  alone  being  kept  on  deck^  for  the' purpose  <^ 
watchinff  any  changes  which  might  uke  pl»ce  in  the  directive 
power  of  the  needle:  and  the  frtie  courses  ..  -i  direction  ot  the 
wind  were  in  futt^  noted  in  the  log-book  obtained  to  the 
nearest  quarter  point,  when  the  ion  was  v'  ji  by  the  azimuth  of 
diat  object  and  the  apparent  time.     '  :->        = 

Being  desirous  of  obtaining  aU  th^  magnetic  observation*  We 
were  able,  on  a  spot  which  appeared  to  be  replete  with  interest  in 
Ais  department  ofscience,andthe  outer  margin  of  the  ice  consist- 
ing entirely  of  small  loose  pieces,  which  were  npt  sufficientiy  steady 
for  using  the  dipping-needle,  we  hauled  up  for  the  nearest  part  of 
tile  eastern  shore,  for  the  purpose  of  landing  there  with  the  instra- 
ments.  We  got  in  with  it  about  noon,  having  very  regularly  de- 
creased our  soundings  from  forty  to  fifteen  and  a  half  fathoms; 
i|i  which  depth,  hkvmg  tacked,  at  the  distance  of  two  miles  and  « 


41 


hilf  from  the  shofe,  two  boats  wen  despatched  IVoMI  #ieh  ship, 
utider  the  commahd  of  Lteutenam'*  Br*  ^ey  and  Hoppher,  who, 
togt-ther  with  Captain  Sabine,  wc.  d\i\  I  to  make  the  necessary- 
observations,  and  to  collect  whatever  spe^.  .lens  of  natural  1.  *  '  / 
the  place  might  afford.  They  landed  on  a  beach  of  sand  and 
stones,  having  passed,  at  the  distance  of  one  mile  from  it,  several 
large  masses  of  ice  aground  in  six  to  eight  fathoms  water,  which 
shoaled  from  thence  gradually  into  the  shore.  The  officers  de- 
acribe  this  spot  as  more  barren  and  dreary  than  any  on  which  they 
had  yet  landed  in  the  arctic  regions ;  there  being  scarcely  any  ap- 
pearance of  vegetation,  except  here  and  there  a  small  tuft  i>f  stunted 
grass,  and  one  or  two  species  of  saxifrage  and  poppy,  although  the 
ground  was  so  swampy  in  many  places  that  they  could  scarcely 
walk  about.  This  part  of  the  coast  is  rather  low»  the  highest  hiU 
near  the  landing-place  being  found,  by  Mometrical  measurement, 
to  be  only  three  hundred  and  eighty-ei^t  feet  lAove  the  level  of 
the  sea;  and  there  was  at  this  time  very  little  snow  remaining  upon 
ki  The  fixed  rocks  near  the  surface  consist  chiefly  of  lime-stone ; 
but  quartz,  granite  and  hornblende  occurred  in  detached  lumps, 
most  of  which  were  incrusted  with  a  thin  coat  of  lime.  The  bed 
of  a  small  stream,  which  ran  between  two  rocks  of  lime-stone,  waa 
composed  entirely  of  clay-slate.  The  temperature  of  this  streatti 
of  water  was  43|'>r  that  of  the  air,  in  the  shade,  being  51^",  and  of 
the  earth  two  or  three  inches  below  the  surface,  34i*.  At  a  shOft 
distiance  from  the  sea.  Lieutenant  Hoppner  discovered  a  Urge  mai(i 
of  iron-stone,  which  was  found  to  attract  the  magnet  very  pow^f<* 
fully.  There  were  no  traces  of  inhabitants  to  be  seen  on  this  part 
of  the  coast.  Part  of  the  vertebrs  of  a  whale  was  found  at  some 
distance,  from  the  beach ;  but  this  had  probably  been  carried  there 
1^  bears,  the  tracks  of  whom  were  visible  on  the  onoist  soih  Itte 
only  birds  seen  were  a  few  ptarmigans  (Tetrao  Lagopm)  and  snow 
buntings. 

The  iMitude  of  the  place  of  observation  Wat  7V45'  15'%  audits 
longitude,  by  the  chronometers,  89°  41'  92".  The  dip  of  diO  net- 
die  was  88°  36'  42",  and  the  variation  1 18»  33"  37"  westeily.  The 
directive  power  of  the  horizontal  needle,  undtSitttrbed  as  it  Was  b^ 
the  attraction  of  the  ship,  was,  even  here,  found  to  be  so  wealt; 
in  Captain  Kater's  azimuth  compasses,  which  were  the  most  sensi- 
ble, that  they  required  constant  tapping  with  the  hund  to  make 
them  traverse  at  idl.  At  half  past  one,  when  the  boats  landed, 
Lieut.  Beechey  found  the  tide  ebbing,  and  it  appeared  by  the  inarki 
on  the  beach,  to  have  fallen  about  eighteen  inches.  At  fifty  mi- 
nutes past  four,  when  they  left  the  shore,  it  had  fallen  six  feet  liffd 
a  half  mor6,  fay  wMch  we  considered  the  time  of  high  tMtel'  tm 
that  day  to  be  about  half  past  twelve,  and  about  twenty  n^hutet 
past  eleven  on  the  full  and  change  days  of  the  moon.  The  whole 
rise-^of  tide,  being  nearly  the  highest  of  the  ^>rings,  appejln  to 


■\  , 


li'-- 


i; 


# 

liavtt  been  tap  fecV  uul  the  ebb  was  found  to  wt  ^    . 

ttouthw^rd  in»|horc.  A  boatSeing  moored  to  the  bottom,  SI 
three  miles'  distance  from  the  hmd,  at  five  P.M.  not  the  anaUeit 
current  was  perceptible.  From  these  and  several  subsequent  ob» 
servations,  there  is  good  reason  to  suppose  that  the  flood-tide  comca 
from  the  south  in  this  inlet.  Before  the  boau  left  Uie  shore,,  n 
staff  was  erected  <m  a  hill  near  the  landing-place,  Kavkig  a  board 
nailed  to  it,  on  which  the  names  of  the  Mips  and  the  dato  weva 
painted}  and  at  three  yards  in  th«  direction  of  the  magnetic  iKNrdi 
from  the  stafl*,  which  may  be  distinguished  with  a  g^Ma  at.thra* 
miles^  distance  from  the  land,  a  botde  tras  buried^  vrlth  a  papai^ 
conuining  an  account  of  the  time^  and  the  object  of  our  «iut  It 
this  spot. 

As  soon  as  th^  boats  returned  on  board,  we  bore  up  to  tlie'aoiilit«» 
ward,  running  close  along  the  edge  of  the  ice*  whicb>  ua  nearar 
and  nearer  to  the  eastern  shore,  so  that  by  midnight  v  s  channel 
in  which  we  were  sailing  wa»  narrowed  to  about  five  miles.  ,  The^ 
colour  of  the  water  had  changed  to  a  vcrv  light  green  at  that  diai> 
tance  from  the  shore ;  but  we  could  find  no  bottom  with  fif^  la- 
tfaoms  (rf  line,  and  had  thirty-five  fathoms  while  rounding  a  pcmit 
of  ice  at  three  miles  distance  from  the  bench.  Hie  wei^ior  waa 
beautifully  serene  and  clear,  and  the  aun,  for  Uie  second  Ume  to  na 
this  season,  just  dipped  below  the  northen^horizon»  and  thenrif> 
af^ared  in  a  few  minutes. 

A  dm'Jc  sky  to  the  south-west  had  given  ua  hopea  ct  iadmg 
a  westerly  passage  to  &e  south  of  the  ice  abag  which  w«  were 
now  saHing;  more especiidly aa  the  inletbeganlko widen coluddi^ 
Uy.  as  we  advanced  in  diat Erection;  but  at  three  A»M.iOntiia 
nKNiung  of  the  8th,  we  perceived  diat  the  Ice  ran  close  in  with  n 
point  of  land  bearinj;  S.b.£.  from  us,  and  which  appeared  to  fomi 
th*^  aopthem  extremis  of  the  eastern  shore.  To  this  extreme  pmait 
I  gave  the  name  of  Cape  Rater,  in  compliment  to  Captain  Heflp^ 
Katerf  one  of  the  Commisstonera  of  the  Board  of  XtOiMitudcy  to 
whom  science  is  greatly  indebted  fi»-  l|is  impriovenenta  <n  dto  fe»» 
dul^m,  and  the  mariner'a  compaaa. 

With  the  inc'-tasing  width  of  l^  inlet*  we  had  flatteicd  ourselves 
with  inu%asing  hopea;  but ive  soon  oxporienasd  the  mondfica^ioB 
of  disappointment*  I'he  prospect  from  the  erow'a  .nest  began  to 
aatume  a  lery  unpromisii^  «ppeasanee»  the  whole  dL  the  Ireatefia 
)K>rizon,^from  north^^  round  to  S*b.£«,  being  comfdetely  compered  with 
ice,  consisting  of  heavy  and  extensive  tocs»  beyond  whicdi  no  ia- 
dicaden  of  #ater  was  visible ;  instead  c^  wl^h  there  was  a  bffi|^ 
md  daa^ting  ice-hliuk  extending  from.'fthore  to  shore.  The  west^ 
«m  fM»8t  of  the  inlet,  howev^,  trended  nmch  more  to$bm  westp 
WM'ddiao  before,  and  no  land  wu  visible  to  die  soilth-west,  dloa|^ 
the  horizjbn  was  so  clear  in  that  quarterythat,  if  any  had  existed  of 
podcrate  height,  itii  might  have  been  easily  seea  at  this  tinie^«t 


^  diitiBce  of  tea  or  tipdvo  IragoM.  Frmi  these  circumetancei, 
ihe  impreesioQ  reecived  at  the  tiflU  was,  that  the  land,  both  on  the 
MMtera  and  westevn  ude  of  this  inkt,  would  be  one  day  found  to 
MQsbt  of  islands.  As  a  fredi  northerly  breeze  was  drifting  the 
ice  rapidly  towards  Ci^  Kater,  and  there  appeared  to  be  no  pas- 
sage open  between  4t  and  that  cape,  I  did  not  c<MBsider  it  prudent, 
under  present  circuoBstances,  to  run  the  ships  down  to  the  point, 
or  to  attempt  to  force  a  passage  through  the  ice,  and  therefore 
hauled  to  the  wind  with  the  intention  of  eiumining  a  bay  which 
was  abreast  of  us,  and  to  which  I  gave  the  name  of  Fitzgerald 
Bay,  out  of  respect  for  Captun  Robert  Lewis  Fitzgerald,  of  the 
foysl  navy.  . 

A  boat  from  each  ship  was  prepared  to  conduct  this  examina. 
tioQf  and  we  stood  in  to  drop  them  in-shore,  but  founds  as  we  ap- 
proachedy  that  the  bay  was  so  filled  with  ice,  as  to  render  it  im- 
practicable for  an>  boat  to  land.  1  therefore  determined,  as  the 
season  was  fast  advancing  to  a  close,  to  lose  no  time  in  returning 
to  tho  northward,  in  the  hope  of  finding  the  channel  between 
Prince  Leopold's  Isles  and  Maxwell  Bay  more  clear  of  ice  than 
when  we  left  it,  in  which  case  there  ,could  be  little  doubt  of  our 
effiicting  a  passage  to  the  westward ;  whereast  in  our  present  situ- 
ation, there  appeared  no  prospect  of  our  doing  so  without  risking 
the  loss  of  more  time  than  I  deemed  it  prudent  to  spare. 

I  have  before  observed  that  the  east  and  west  lands  which  form 
this  grand  iidet  are  probably  islands  {  and,  on  an  inspection  of  the 
charts,  I  think  it  wiU  also  appear  highly  probable  that  a  communi- 
cation will  one  day  be  found  to  exist  between  this  inlet  and  Hud- 
son's Bay,  either  through  the  broad  and  unexplored  channel,  called 
Bir  Thomas  Rowe*s  Welcome*  or  through  Repulse  Bay,  which 
has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  examiiied.  It  is  also  probable,  that 
ar  channel  will  be  found  to  exist  between  the  western  land  and  the 
Borthcm coast  of  America;  in  which  case  the  flood-tide  which 
came  from  the  southward  may  have  {Mroceeded  round  the  southern 
point  of  the  west  land  out  of  the  Polar  sea,  fmrt  of  it  setting  vp 
the  inlet,  and  part  down  the  Welcome*  according  to  the  unanimous 
testimony  of  all  the  old  navigators,  who  have  advanced  up  the 
latter  channel  coniiderably  to  uie  northward. 

The  distance  which  we  sailed  to  the  southward  in  this  inlet  was 
idioutone  hundred  and  twenty  miles,  Cape  Kater  being,  by  our  db- 
8ervatioo8,inbttir)*53'S0'Vlong.90*Q3'45"i  and  I  saw  no  reason  to 
doubt  the  practicabiUty  of  ships  penetrating  much  farther  to  the 
aooth,  1^  watching  ^le  occasional  openmgs  in  the  ice,  if  the  de- 
termining the  ge<^;raphy  of  this  part  <^  tae  arctic  regions  be  con- 
sidered worUi  the  )time  which  must  necessarily  be  occupied  in 
effecting  it.  The  ice  which  #e  met  with  in  the  sou^em  part  of 
ikS^  inlet  was  much  less  broken  into  pieces  than  that  to  the  north- 
ward}  and  the  floes,  some  of  which  not  less  than  nine  or  ten  feet 


Lifir*''^~**v.*«»- 


'N.. 


M 


thick*  wcr«  corcnd  with  innumerable  litde  round  «  hummocki,'^ 
M  they  are  called  by  the  GreltUand  seamen^  which  are  perhapa 
first  formed  by  the  drift  of  tlie  anow  in  particular  aituattona,  and 
which  by  alternate  thawing  and  freezing,  become  as  solid  and 
transparent  aa  any  other  part  of  the  ice.  This  peculiarity  1  never 
If  nnember  to  havo  remarked  on  the  floes  in  Baffin's  Bay»  on  which 
a  carriage  might  travel  without  much  inconvenience,  except  that 
which  arises  from  the  numerous  pools  of  water  found  upon  them 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  summer. 

From  latitude  73*  to  the  farthest  progress  made  to  the  south- 
ward, we  found  the  soundings  remarkably  regular  in  approaching 
the  eastern  shore.  The  colour  of  the  water  was  always  observed 
to  chaoffc  to  a  beautiful  light  green  before  we  could  obtain  sound- 
ings wim  a  line  of  forty  fathoms,  which  occur  generally  at  the  dis- 
t«nce  of  f6ur  or  five  miles  from  the  land ;  after  which  the  depth 
diecreases  so  gradually  that  the  lead  appeara  to  be  a  safe  guide* 
The  bottom  is  principally  mud,  into  which  the  lead  sinks  deep ; 
but  there  is  also  some  hard  ground,  and  a  few  pieces  of  limestone 
were  occasionally  brought  up  by  the  lead. 

The  directive  power  of  tne  magnet  seemed  to  be  weaker  here 
than  ever  j  for  the  north  pole  of  the  needle  in  Captain  Kater*a 
steering  compass^  in  which  the  friction  is  almOst  entirely  removed 
by  a  thread  suspension,  was  ,observed  to  point  steadily  towards  the 
ship V  head,  in  whatsoever  direction  the  latter  was  placed.  It  is 
probable,  therefore^  that  the  magnetic  dip  would  have  been  found 
somewhat  greater  here  than  at  our  place  of  observation  on  the  7th; 
and  it  was  a  matter  of  regret  to  me  that  the  primary  object  of  t\m 
expedition,  would  not  allow  of  another  day's  detention  for  the  pur- 
pose of  repeating  the  magnetic  observations  on  this  spot. 

On  the  9th,  as  we  returned  to  the  northward  with  a  light  but 
favourable  breeze,  we  found  that  the  ice  had  approached  the  east- 
em  shore  of  the  inlet,  leaving  a  much  narrower  channel  than  that 
by  which  we  had  entered  ;  and  in  some  places  it  stretched  com- 
pjUtely  across  to  the  land  on  this  side,  while  the  opposite  coast  was 
still  as  inaccessible  as  before. 

On  the  evening  of  the  9th,  a  circular  prismatic  halo  was  seen 
round  the  sun,  with  a  bright  parhelion  on  each  ude  at  the  same  al- 
titude with  the  sun.  The  radius  of  the  circle  was  23°  Q6^  Several 
black  wh^esy  and  mu^itudes  of  white  ones,  were  seen  in  the  course 
of  .the  day»  also  several  narwhals  and  seals,  and  oat  bear.  There 
Was  an  iceberg  in  sight. 

On  the  lOth,  the  weather  was  very  thick  with  snow,  which  wat 
afterwards  succeeded  by  rain  find  fog.  The  compasses  being  use- 
less, and  the  sun  obscured,  we  had  novmeans  of  knowing  the  direc- 
tion in  which  we  were  going,  except  that  we  knew  the  wind  had 
been  to  the  southward  before  the  fog  came  on,  and  had  found  by. 
experience  that  it  always  blew  directly  up  or  down  the  inlet,  which 


r-"*. 


>» 


■'M 


•eniUed  OS  to  fonb  -■  tolartMy  ctfrect  judgment  of  our  courie. 
We  continued  to  stand  off-and-od  near  the  ice,  till  the  evening, 
when»  the  fog  hiving  cleared  away,  we  bore  up  to  the  northward, 
kteping  as  near  the  western  shore  as  the  ice  would  permit ;  but  at 
eleven  P.M.  we  were, stopped  in  our  progress  by  the  ice  extending 
to  the  land  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  inlet,  which  obliged  us  to 
haul  our  vmd.  This  part  of  the  coast  is  much  higher  than  that 
farther  to  the  southward,  and  the  soundings  near  it  are  alsoconsi- 
derabUy  deeper. 

On  the  1  Ith,  the  weather  was  so  thick  with  fog  and  .rain,  that  it 
was  impossible  to  ascertain  in  what  direction  we  were  going, 
which  obliged  me  to  make  the  ships  fast  to  a  floe  till  the  weather 
should  clear  up.  There  being  abundance  of  the  purest  water  in 
pools  upon  the  floe,  our  supply  of  this  necessary  article  was  com* 
pleted  on  board  each  ship,  and,  in  the  mean  time,  Captain  Sabine 
took  the  opportunity  of  repeating  his  observations  upon  the  dip 
of  the  magnetic  needle,  the  result  of  which,  being  88' 25'  17", 
•crved  to  confirm  those  mad^  on  shore  on  the  7th.  The  repetition 
of  such  observations,  which  require  considerable  care  and  delicii^ 
c^,  is  always  satisfactory ;  but  was  particularly  so  on  this  occ»* 
aion  from  the  circumstance  already  mentioned  of  having  found  at 
•ome  distance  from  the  place  of  observation  on  the  7di,  a  mass  of 
magnetic  iron  stone,  from  which,  or  from  other  similar  substancesi^ 
it  was  possible  that  the  needle  might  have  sufliered  some  disturb** 
ante.  In  the  evening,  the  boats  succeeded  in  harpooning  a  nar^ 
whal,  to  the  great  delight  of  our  Greenland  sailors,  who  take  so 
much  pleasure  in  the  aport  to  which  they  have  been  accustomed), 
that  they  could  with  difficulty  be  restrained  at  times  from  striking 
»  whale,  though  such  a  frolic  would  almost  inevitably  have  been 
attended  with  the  loss  of  one  or  more  of  our  lines.  A  few  kttti* 
wakes  and  arctic  gulls  were  flying  about  the  ice. 

A  breeze  sprung  up  from  the  northward  on  the  morning  of  th^ 
13th,  but  the  weather  was  so  foggy  for  some  hours  that  we  did  not 
know  in  what  direction  it  was  blowing.  As  soon  as  the  fog  cleared 
away,  so  as  to  enable  us  to  see  a  mile  or  two  around  us,  we  found 
that  the  floe  to  which  we  had  anchored  was  drifting  fast  down  upon 
another  body  of  ice  to  leeward,  threatening  to  enclose  the  ships 
between  them.  We,  therefore,  cast  off,  and  made  sail,  in  order  t6 
beat  to  the  northward,  which  we  found  great  di6ScuUy  in  doings 
owing  to  the  quantity  of  loose  ice  with  which  thiti  part  of  the 
inlet  was  now  covered.  A  remarkably  thick  fog  obscured  the 
east,em  land  from  our  view  this  evening  at  the  distance  of  five  of 
six  miles,  while  the  western  coast  was  distinctly  visible  at.  foui^ 
times  that  distance.  We  remarked,  in  standing  off<and-on,  near 
^e  main  body  of  the  ice,  that  the  clear  atmosphere  commenced 
at  a  short  distance  from  its  margin  ;  so  that  we  were  enabled  to 
obuin  a  few  lunar  observations  near  the  edge  of  the  ice,  whilr^ 


m''. 


46 


it  th*  dkrtanee  of  ■  mile  to  the  •attward  of  M^  the  eimwM  ibft* 
gtther  obKured  by  fog.  # 

Thia  being  the  annivenarjr  of  the  birth-day  of  Hit  Ro}>al  Higl^ 
aetf  the  Prince  Regent,  it  nataraUy  suggettMl  to  ua  the  propriev^ 
of  honooring  the  hirge  inlet,  which  we  had  been  exploring,  and 
in  which  we  still  were  tailing,  with  the  name  of  Prince  Regent's 
Inlets 

The  weather  was  beautifully  calm  and  clear  on  the  13th,  when, 
being  niear  an  opening  in  the  eastern  shore,  I  took  the  opportunity 
•f  examining  it  in  a  boat.  It  proved  to  be  a  bay,  a  mile  wide 
at  its  entrance,  and  three  miles  deep  in  an  £.b.S.  direction,  having 
•  s^iall  but  snug  cove  on  the  north  side,  formed  by  an  isUind,  be- 
tween which  and  the  main  land  is  a  bar  of  rocks,  which  coq^pletely 
•belters  the  cove  from  sea  or  drift  ice.  W«  found  the  water  eo 
deep,  that  in  rowine  close  along  the  shore  we  could  seldom  get 
bottom  with  seven  fsthoms  of  line  {  but  time  could  not  be  spared 
to  obtain  the  exact  depth. 

The  clifls  on  the  south  side  of  this  bay,  to  which  I  save  the 
Mune  of  Port  Bowen,  after  Captain  Jamea  Bowen,  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  His  Majesty's  navy,  resemble,  in  many  placet,  ruined 
towers  and  batdements ;  and  frajgments  of  the  rocks  were  constant- 
ly falUiw  from  above..  At  the  head  of  the  bay  is  an  extensine 
piece  orio#  flat  ground,  intersected  by  numerous  rivuletSj  which, 
imiting  H  a  short  distance  from  the  beaeh,  formed  a  deep  and  ra- 

rd  stream,  n^ar  the  mouth  of  which  we  landed.  The  spot  was, 
ddttk,  the  most  barren  I  ever  saw,  the  ground  being  sAnost  ea- 
tirdy  covered  with  small  pieces  of  sla^limestonevlimottv  whidt 
no  vegemtiion  appeared  for  more  than  a  mile,  to  which  distance 
Mr.  Roes  and  myself  walked  inhmd,  following  the  banks  of  the 
•cream.  Among  the  fragments,  we  picked  up  one  piece  of  linm^ 
stone,  on  which  .was  die  impresMon  of  a  fossil-shell.  We  saw 
fcere  a  areat  number  of  young  black  guillemots  (Cofymbw  Grtfiie), 
mid  a  lock  of  ducks,  which  we  supposed  to  be  of  the  eider 
tpecies. 

The  latitude  observed  at  the  mouth  of  the  stream  was  73'  t^ 
11'%  and  the  longitude,  by  chrbnometers,  89*  08'  08".  The  varia- 
tion of  the  needle,  observed  in  the  morning,  at  three  or  four  miles 
distmce  from  the  land,  was  114*  16'  43"  westerly.  From  twemy 
minutes  past  eleven  till  a  quarter  after  twelve,  the  tide  rose  by  the 
shore  six  inches,  and  the  high-water  mark  was  between  two  and 
three  feet  above  this;  but  we  were  not  long  enough  on  shore  to 
form  a  correct  judgment  of  the  time  at  which  high  water  mkes 
place.  About  three-quarters  of  a  mile  to  the  southward  of  Port 
Bowen  is  another  sraiall  bay,  which  we  had  net  time  to  enmiine. 
^  Soon  after  I  returned  on  board,  a  light  breeze  from  the  south- 
ward enabled  us  to  steer  toward  Prince  Leopold's  Islands,  which, 
however,  we  found  to  be  more  encumbered  with  ice  than  before, 


/  ^♦•^ 


. .' ,  «%!93l  »«*»■■>»  ^v.  M 


47 


m  we  could  not  gMrooch  th«m  m  jM«r  u  at  first  by  tlVft  or  four. 
*Ues.  The  Mrwnalt  were  heriilery  numerous  (  tliete  ■ninialf 
i4»pe«'  fond  of  reouuniag  with  theb'  backs  esposed  above  the  sur- 
face of  the  water,  in  the  same  mtnner  as  the  whale,  bat  ftr  a  much 
longer  time,  and  we  frequently  also  observed  their  home  err  :t, 
andquite  stataonarjr  for  several  minutes  together.  Three  or  four 
nlks  to  the  northward  of  Port  Bowen  we  discovei^d  another 
opening,  having  every  appearance  of  a  harbour,  with  an  idand  near 
the  entrance  i  I  named  it  after  Captain  Samuel  Jaeksoi^  of  tho 
royal  navy. 

'JThe  whole  of  the  14th  was  occupied  in  an  unsuccessful  attempt 
to  find  an.opening  in  tne  ice  to  the  westwMrd,  which  remidned  per- 
fectly dose  and  compact,  with  a  bright  ice-blbk  over  it«  Our 
latitude  at  noon  was  73*  35'  30",  longitude  89*  01'  tO'^  being  in 
two  hundred  and  ten  fathoms  of  water,  on  a  muddy  bottom.  Soma 
vniter,  brought  up  in  Doctor  Marcet's  bottle  from  one  hundred 
and  eighty-five  fathoms,  was  at  the  temperature  of  34%  that  of  tho^ 
iiurface  being  the  same,  and  of  the  air  39*. 

The  ice  continued  in  the  same  unfavourable  state  on  the  15th; 
and  being  desirous  of  turning  to  some  account  this  vexatious  but 
unavoidiible  detention,  I  left  mt  ship  in  the  afternoon,  accompanied 
by  Ci^ptain  Sabine  and  Mr.  Hooper,  in  order  to  make  some  obaer-' 
vations  oa  dtore,  and  directed  Licutennit  Liddon  to  send  a  boat 
from  the  Griper  for  the  same  purpose.  We  landed  in  on-  of  the 
numerous  valleys,  or  ravines,  whicb  occur  on  this  par',  i^t  ^ 
coast,  tad  which«  at  a  few  miles  distance,  vety  mucn  resen^le 
b^ys,  being  bounded  by  high  hills,  which  have  the  appearance  of 
l^uff  headlandi.  We  found  the  water  very  deep  dose  to  the 
bnchy  which  is  cofnposed  of  rounded  limestones,  uxd  on  whiiih 
there  was  no  surf ;  we  then  ascended,  widi  some  diificul^,  the  hill 
oBithe  south  side  of  the  ravine,  which  is  very  steep,  and  covered 
with  inuunieraUe  detached  blocks  of  limcittoae,  some  of  which  ar» 
conetantly  roUira  down  from  above,  and  which  aflbrd  a  very  inse* 
core  footing.  FnMn  thetop  of  this  hiU»  which  ie  about  six  or 
seven  huadfed.feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  which  commands 
an  extensive  view  to  the  westward,  the  prospect  waa  fay  no  means 
fivottrable  to  the  tramediate  accomplishment  of  our  (Abject.  No 
water  could  be  seen  over  the  ice  to  the  north-west,  and  a  bright 
and  dazzling  blink  covered  the  whole  space  conqprised  between 
die  islands  and  the  north  ahore.  It  was  a  satisfaction,  however, 
to  find  that  no  Itad  appeared  which  was  likely  to  impede  our  pro- 
gress; and  we  had  been  too  much  accustomed  to  tibie  obstruction 
occasioned  b]^  ice,  i^id  too  well  aware  of  the  euddenness  with  which 
thM  obstructii^  is  often,  removed,  to  be  at  idl  discouraged  hy  pt^ 
soDt  i^>pcaraiices.  .,  ■    .     ■  X  ;.. .    *..  ".  -  ,^  -''''•^'^' 

On  the  top  of  tbia  hiU  we  depOMted  a  bottle,  containing  a  short 
imaticc  of  our  visit,  and  raised  ov«r  it  a  small  mound  of  stones ;  of 


4» 

these  we  found  no  want,  lor  the  surface  was  covered  with  small 
pieces  of  suhistOBti  limestone,  imd  nothing  like  soil  or  vegetation' 
could  be  seen.  We  found  «  great  quantity  of  madreporite  among 
the  lime,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  I  met  with  one  large  piece,  of 
the  basaltiform  kind.  Several  pieces  of  flint  were  also  picked  up 
m  the.  beech.  The  insiffnifican^  of  the  stream  which  here  empiit ' 
tied  itself  into  the  sea,  formed,  as  usual,  a  striking  contrast  with 
the  size  of  the  bed  through  which  it  flowed,  the  latter  being  se ve- 
nd hundred  feet  deep,  and  two  or  three  hundred  yards  wide. 

The  latitude  of  this  place  is  73°  33'  15''  N.,  and  the  longitudd^ 
by  our  chronometers,  88M8'  if";  the  dip  of  the  magnetic  needle 
was  ar  35'  95",  and  iu  variation  115'  37'  12"  westerly.  The  tide 
was  found  to  rise  three  feet  from  ten  minutes  past  three  till  sevc^n^ 
F.M.rduciqg  the  whole  of  which  time  the  stream,  within  one  of ' 
two  miles  of  the  shore,  was  carrying  the  loose  pieces  of  ice  to  the 
southward^  at  the  rate  of  about  a  mile  and  a  half  an  hour.  Bf 
observing  the  sl\ips»  howeverv  at  five  miles  distance  in  the  ol&v^ 
I  had  reaspn  to  believe  that  they  were  set  in  the  contrary  directiooi 
and  that  the  current,  observed  by  us  in  shore,  was  only  an  eddy, 
and  not  the  true  direction  of  the  flood  tide.  The  time  of  high 
waler  here,  on  full  and  change  days  of  the  .moon,  will  probably 
be  about  eleven  o?clock.  .  A,  very  large  black  whale  was  aeen  near 
the  .beach,  and  a  great  number  of  seals,  though  seldom  more  thaa 
two  olthe  latter  together.  We  aaw  one*of  the  kind  called  by  the 
sailors,  ♦♦  saddle^back,"  (Phoca  Grcmiandica).       ^ 

The  wind  was  light  on  the  16th,  with  cloudy  weather  and  occa- 
l^enal  iogif^and  we  scarcely  altered  our  position,  being  hemmed^ 
hyiice  or  laiid  in  lamost  every  direction.    At  five  P.M.,  it  bong 

3i|ite  ealmt^we  had  a  go(^  opportunity  of  trying  the  set  of  the 
CM,  whiojk,ufa^  the  prece4ing  day's  observations,  we  knew  to  be 
pi«g  at  thk  ^me  by  the  shore.  A  small  boat  was  inoored  to  the 
hpllofn,  which  oonsitted  of  ^soft  mud,  in  one  hundred  aiid  ninety- 
one  fathoins*  by  a  deep-sea  lead  weighingone  hundred  and  fi% 
pouDds,  and  a  current. was  found,  to  be  setting  to  the  N.N.W.,  at 
the  nvte. of n  quarter  of  a  mile  an  hour.  This  served  to  confirm 
^^remark  I  had  made  the  preceding. day  respecting  the  drift  of 
tht:Ahi|}i.;^,l|ie  .offing}  and^  unless  there, he  what  seamen  caU  a 
«|i4e  and  ^ftide,'*^  would  appeas-  to  establish  the  fact  of  the 
4oQd-tide  (omii^g  from  the  soulthwaru  in  this  part  of  Prince  Re- 

.On  tlMJ  17th,,we  had  afresh  breeze,  from  the  S.S.W.,  with  so 
thic«  a  fog,  that  in  spite  of  the  must  unremitting  attention  to  the 
sfAla  and  the, steerage,  the. ships  were  consuntly  receiving  heavy 
sipiks  from  the  loose  masses  of  ice  with  which  the  sea  was  cover- 
ed, and  which,  in  the  present  state  of  the  weather,  could  not  be 
4»M^guish<d  at  a  sufficient  distance  to  avoid.them.  On  the  weaher 
ticaring  up, in  the  afttrnooOj^e  saw,  for  the.fiiyt  time, »  remarlu^ 


i 


49 


V 


K/^ 


ble  bliifll>hefltdl»iii^Miilh  forins  the  notth-eastera  ^iaf  6f  ilk  eit- 
^ltt«i«  ioto  Prinze  Rlgent's  Inlet^lwd  to  which  1  g«H  the  iiii|ii« 
«l^  l^aji  York,  itfltat'i^  Rof  atHig^  the  0Qke  of  Ybtlc.  % 
INle  t6  the  eistir»i4  of  Cape  Fel^t,  weobtiert^ed8ixre«ai#%*hle 
itripes  of  niowi  liiar^l  to|i  of  (he  diff;  beitt^  Vetreenl^:<i^<#lic 
«V««<  distilf^^  Wheti  viewed  fiNsih  the  8outhWitt>d.  Theisc^  atri]^ij 
which  are  foi^Mlbf  the  drift  of  snow  betwei^li  the  bottress-Iite 
projectidiis  tielbre  deierloed,  and  which  remained '  equiiUy  conspf- 
CU008  on  oufTetum  the  following  year,  have  piroyibly  at  all  times 
flnkch  the  tame  appearance,  at  leastabout  this  season  i>f  the  year, 
and  may^on  this  account,  perhaps,  be  deemed  worthy  of  nottdfr, 
as  a  landmark. 

At  half-ipait  ten  A.M.,  On  the  16th,  it  being  q^uite  calm,  thti 
attifidi  boat  was  moored  to  the  bottom,  in  t#o  hundred  and  tea  fa^ 
Aoms,  hy  which  means  the  current  was  asceruihed  to  be  setting 
1JI^##.^  at  the  rate  of  a  mile  and  a  half  an  houk*;  and,  from  our 
fMeedittg  obeerv^otts  on  the  time  of  the  tides  on  shorr  in  this 
tfMl^lbefiAiiood,  ifr  can  scarcely  be  doubted  that  this  was  the  ebb- 
tide, -■  ■  - 

^  If  rr  Crawford,  the  f  .enland  mate  of  the  Heda,  being  hi  quest 
of  a  tnirwhal  in  one  oi'the  boats,  cbdid  not  resist  the  temptation'of 
atfiiikl)|a  fine  vblai^k  whale,  which  tose  close  to  him^and  which 
0imrm^  tw«  lines  of  one  hundred  and  forty  fathoo>8  each> 
«%en,  iliini' Jtowfng  the  l^oat  some  cUstance,  the  hafpooa  fortcmati^ 
drew,  ind. thus  saved  our  lines. 

'  3%ct«»^6«ing  atitt  no  prospect  of  getting  a  single  mile  to  the 
«»atWW4  la  the^acnghbourhood  of  Pnncc  Leopold*8  Islands,  and 
iil^^i«iii«ttrl!M%'ll^heaed  tip  from  the  eascwand  in  the  afternoon, 
i  dewrmtaett^io  ataad  over  once  more  towards  the  northern  shore', 
h^ti4l»  to  li^  what  ceroid  ^ere  be  done  towards  eifecting  ettr 
WttiHgei  in#«e aliic  P.M.,  after  beating  for  several  hours  among 
wim^ltlaAiarm^  itfto  clear  water- near  that  6daat, 

y^H  We  faiiitd  wHtM,  swell  from  the  eastward.    There  was  just 
'  iyjilribttottg^  at  midaight  to  enable  ua  to  reaid  aad  write  hi  ^e 
mm.  -'■^'' 

.'  The  wind  iir.d  iHa  increased  on  the  19th,  with  a  heavy  fait-  of 
iabw;  which,  tege^ir^^ith  the  useleasness  of  thecompaaaes,  an^ 
fUb  narrow  space^^fo  wfeSch  we  wc«e  wdrking  between  the  ice  aad 
Inland,  Comiwifd  to  make  our  aitaatioii  for  several  hours  a  v&f 
wq^hmsjiat  oae;«v<  At  two  P.M.,  Uie  weather  being  still  so  tbi«4 
Uttil'^e  could  at  titokes  scarcely  see  the  ships*  leiMth  a-head,  we 
auddenfy  foaad  iittli^lvei  dote  under  the  land,  an<rhad  not  mueil 
i^ttom  tO'  ipare  to  wearing  round.  We  stood  offend-on  during  tlia> 
Mat  of.  the  dii^'iniaattnbg  oar  distance  by  Massey'spateht  ld#, 
ialavalttable machine  oa  mis  and  many  other  occasions;  aad  m 
iSfif'  course  of  tl  r  afterabmi,  found  ourselves  opposite  to  an  iide^ 
Ml^I-  aamed  ahn  mf  rdaiioa,  Sir  Beaiamia  Hobhoaae..    The 

G 


*.s3 


M 


^! 


!  *'] 


m 


w 


M 


505 

snoidir  wa»rtit9«eed«<i  by  xvn  i^t  night;  after  whiich  jthe  wind  feU, 
sKid  tlie  frtfather  becai|a&  clear^  80^  that,  on  the  aaoming  of  the  aoth^ 
wlien,  we  found  ourselves  off  Stmtlion  inlet*  we  were  enabled  to 
n^aloAg  shore  to  the  weatwai^.    Th«  jwiote  of  ice  led  ua 
leiiiUy  within  two  nyiles  of  thd  land)  which  allowed  iik,  to. 
Ie  hato  several  small  bays  or  inlets,  widi  wUchtl^  coast  appetKrn^ 

dented,  but  which  it  would  require  more  ^e  than  we  coul# 
ypordy  thoroughly  to  survey  or  examine*  The  reoMMrkable  atnac-' 
tare  of  this  land,  which  I  have  before  attemf^d  to  describe,  ift 
peculiarly  strikibg  about  Cape  Fellfoot,  where  the  horazCMMadtstnMWf 
yeiy  OMich  resemble  two  fKiraUel  tiers  of  batteries^,  placed  at  reg«^, 
lar  intervals  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  the  cliffy  affording.^ 
S^d  and  imposing  appearance.  'Cohere  is  a  low  potni'rtinning  off 
some  distance  from  Cape  Fellfoot,  w^hich  is  noft  visible  tiU  apii 
proacbedi  witiiin  five  or  six  miles.  We  passed  alon^  this  p^nt  al 
the  distaii^e  of  four  miles,  finding  no  bottom  with  irom  fifty  to 
sis^-five  fathoms  of  line.  Mt^weU  Bay  is  a  very  ncMb  .on^ 
having  several  islands  in  it,  andanumberof  opemngaon  i^toorili*' 
ern  shore,  which  we  coidd  not  turn  a«de  to  explore.  It  was,  how* 
eyer«  ii|uite  free  from  ice,  and  migpbit  eiDi%  ^hiite  been  e:i^tt>inid» 
hadk  l^en  our  object  to  do  so»  ami  tJwe'Wooid  hav«  peiw^ned* 
A  remarlcable  hea^and  on  thpweiMM^  sld<Q  I  named  <il^  Ste 
William  HerscheL 

At*  six  P.M.,  when  we  had jMisaedlto  the  we8|!«wtdi  of  ]Mia3(M«tt^ 
Bi^,  the  wind  iailed  us,  and  the  oppcHTtunlinr  waa.  imw^l^tiM^ 
taken  to  try  the  corrent,  by^mooi^ng  the  «mitt  ooa^  to  ^ho^^^n 
in  onf^  hundred  aiod  6f^  Ii^oim^  fhie  tide  wna  foui^  «On^i«^ 
W.  i  N.,  at  the  ratet>f  nqtmn^  of  a  railft  per  bouii;  9i>d>i|t&»ii% 
o^cbck,  when  we  tried  it  again  im^slunilar  n^MNier*  thtm  wmali^' 
a  slight  sinsMn  perceptible,  etting  in  the  same  diveiction*  ^h^b 
mud  imd  smidt  bla«k  stones,  brouf^t  up  ^A'l^e  bott<^,  eott|^iy)«4^ 
el^fely  of^Umestone,  eSBin-esciiig  siroiigl|y  with  an.  ac^.^ 

On  the  i^lst  we  had  ^thing  10.  impede  ounpfOg«e»  but  tho 
«aot  ^  wind,  the.  gi^at  owning,  thrcngh  wk^h  wo  M^  M^efH 
proceeded  from  Baffin's  my»  being  now  so  perfect^  dear  of  Ic^ 
^at  it  was  almost  imposstWe  to  believoitto  tH»  tfh»:  •«»#  piptiol 
the  sea,/which,  but  a  day^  or  two  before,  had  b«en  QomfKbtel]^  cOit  ^ 
v%jtfed  with  floes  to  the  ntm<»t  extent  of  <^  vi#w.  !«  the  &»!»-: 
noon,  being  off  a^  headland,  which  was  mmi^9&sn  CaptiMb.  l^ho- 
ma$  Hiird,  Hydix»gtapher  to  the  Adaiicaheyiito  picked  up  amaaU 
^ece  of  wood*  which  appeared  to  have  been  tl^eendtof  a  boa^o 
yaid,  and  which  caused  sundry  amusing  speoidMdona  among  o^ 
gsn^men  j  some  of  whom  had  just  come  ta  the  v«f  vmm^mi 
elusion,  that'  a  ship  had  been  here  before  i»s»  rad.^Am  ^erofec^ 
we  were  not  entitled  to  the  honour  of  the  first  diaeowory  of  tllRl  pm^ 
<rf  the  sea  on  which  we  were  now  sailing;  when  a  stop  was  ftudden|fr 
^  to  this  and  other  ingenious  indaetftoms  by  the  Wormniiott  # 


u-*-.-j-.>,»«^i 


'JL.jfi^'ataa^t.-j.f 


""^uEBbSiS^SiSA 


5^7 


|s|. 


■  onto  of  the  s^liiiiiA^  iShit  fkt  had  dl«opped  it  out  of  his  boat  a  fort- 
nA^t  tfeford.  f 'cofild  not  get  MUt  to  recollect  enacUy  the  day 
<te  Which  It  had^lM^n  to  dr&p^tA,  but  what  he  itated  was  iufficient 
to  Convince  me,  iliit  trt  Were  tiitrt  at  that  tiine  ttiore  than  ten  or 
tWf^Ve  leagtUfsfit^  oUr  i^rtateht  situation;  perhaps  not  half  so 
teuchf  and  that^^^etefoire,  heik*e  wa(ino  current  setting  constaihitly 
Ita  ttDfy  one  direcftitin.  A  bay,  to  the  northward  and  westwaifdrof 
Ca^  Htu^i  waa  dialled  Rigby  ba^. 

At  nine  P.M4i!l^  Witid'being  light  from  the  northward,  with 
iiaa^  Weather^  and  scAHe  douds,  the  electroitteter  chlain  was  hoisted 
tip  to  the  niaadiclad ;  but  no  sotisible  eflfectwas  pix>ducedy  either 
tini^  tfe^  pith«balls  Oi*  the  gOld-leaf.  A  thick  fog  came  on  at  night, 
whSchj  toiitherwitli'tlie  nghtness  of  the  wind,  anfd  the  cauiSon 
jm^ii&kicfm  iiiit^tlng  an  imk^oWn  seaundibr  such  circumstant^s, 
JH^den^  ^lUrjit^^is  to  the  Westward  et^rtrethely  slow,  though' We 
IHtd  fSciiitUiiatel^  #b  ice  to  obstruct  us.  The  narwhals  were  blowing 
aibout  us  ih  Utt^dli^ctioiiii,  land  t^o  Walruses  with  a  yiiung  one  were 

iTheWdeanflig'ttb^^o  fdlbWi%  day,  we  found  ourselves 
albi^aSt  ilat ^to  v^^t  the  haitie  Of  RadstOck  Bay  wassubsequentTy 
l^aa  t)^  fi^ttt*  JL^IdOnV  deaire^  Hi  Compliliient  to  the  £arl  of 
IffiidMO^.  Tklb  bay  is  follliBiied  bya  pohit  of  land,  on  the  easlern 
lil^e,  whidi  I  Usttled  €a|te  Eai*dley  Wilmot;  and  ob  the  western, 
%^*  blir  hetNAaiid,  iR^(^%^lM^iMed^^^  Captain  Tristram  R6- 
WtS'RIicle^r  ^f'  thfe  to^ral  iiavy*  f  n  the  centre  of  Radstock  bay, 
lies'  an  insular  looking  piece  of  land,  which  received  the  nameof 
'Ciltffrf^^s  Tow^i'i  We  iiOw  alao  claifglit  aflimpse  of  more  kind  to 
-me  tdoftl^ard;  btit,  oWiiig  to  fa  «tt^  hai^  wMch  huug  over  the 
"iHiiizoB  to  that  quarts,  the  epiitUiittlty  of  land  on  a  greist  part  of 
^Mt  cOiBi,  to  the  weai^fal'd  of  Cape  Clarence,  remain^d^  for  the 
mmmiti  ^and^ttiiainedP  Imtfi^diatd;^  to  the  weatWard  of  us,  we 
'l^ic6Vls¥«d  tndrte  'tel,  odOUfriritig  sei^ril  points '  of  the  horizon, 
'Mdh  ittte^ird  ill '  iia  coniidera^le  apprehehaioni  lest  we  should 
%^^iid  116  passage  Opeuiiico  the  I^lar  sif».  As  we  advanced 
i^^fy  to  the  westward,  the  land  on  Which  Cape  Ricketts  stands, 
i|fpeil^d  tcrl^Hitefaiy  iniulapf^M^^^  f ai^fidiateW  to  the  westwai^ 
idf  ft,  w«$dliHN>viltd  ai»)iisiderable  opentti|^  wm^  we  called  Gas- 
tbj^e's  thlUt,  sift^f'G^ittral  Gaseoyne,  and  Which  I  should  haVe 
llit^glaid  «^ejifeiltine  itt%'boat^  hi^  in  the  after- 

ilE^^  th«  W^4^'b^cailiii  V^iy  ck»<  and  fine,  the  wind  being  light 
irdn  the  Weit^iid^  As  tbis  latter  circumstance  rendered  ottr 
prOgi^eaa  Very"  MOW^  the  opportunity  was  taken  to  despatclr  the 
boats  on  tthort»vfor^epurpule  of  tbakiag  obsei^ations;  and  at  the 
lAifliie  tifiie  a  boat  #o<la  ei^  ship,  under  the  respective  command 
<ifl.iteatenantfe  l^chejr  adNi  Hoppner,  was  sent  to  examine  a  bay, 
Utiio  great  distance  to  die  northward  and  westward  of  us.  The 
#&t  |wr^  iaiided  at  tke  foot  of  a  bluff  headland,  which  forms  the 


.^1 


-< 


■  •tj^imm^mnti 


J.,. 


'l^lrr-'-rr^-    --«   -*'^''-f"<^'' 


52 


<4\ 


■  ♦.#« 


rP 

%■ 


eastern  point  of  this  bay,  and  whieh  I  named  afterngrjr  friend  Mr. 
Richard.  Hileyj  of  the  Admiralty.  They  had  scarcely  landed  ten 
minutest  when  a  fresh  breeze  unexpectedly  «prong  up  from  the 
eastward,  and  their  signal  of  rood  was  immeicUlately  made.  They 
Were  only,  therefore,  enabkd  to  obuin  a  part  of  the  intended  dt>- 
servatfons,  by  which  the  ktitude  was  found  to  be  74*  39'  51",  the 
longitude  91'  47'  S6".8,  and  the  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle 
IflS*  58'  07"  westerly.  The  clifTs  on  this  part  of  the  coast  were 
observed  to  consist  almost  entirely  c^  9ec<Midary  limestone^  io 
which  fossils  were  abundantly  found.  There  wf^  little  or  no  ,tr«i^ 
gelation  in  thoSe  parts  which  out*,  gentlemen  bad  an  opportunity" 
of  examining  during  their  short  excursion;  bus*  as  a  quantity  of 
the  dung  of  rein*deer  was  brought  on  board*  the  interior  of  the 
country  cannot  be  altogether  unproductive^  One  or  two  specimens 
of  the  silvery  gull,  (£aru»  .^r^«nfarii«),  and  of  the  Xaru*  Giwctt*§ 
with  the  young  of  the  latter  alive,  were  dbtained  by  Captain  Sa^ 
bine;  and  five  black  whales  were  seen  near  tbe<  beach. 

Lieiitensmt  Beechey  found  that  the  land^  which  at  this  ttmefonttf> 
ed  the  western  e"-^ ,  eme,  and  which  lies  on  the  side  of  the  baj^ 
opposite  to  Cape  Riley,  was  Mi  islnid ;  to  whieh  I^  therefore,  gmre 
tiiename  of  Beechey  Island,  stutofTespect  to  Sir  WiViwBtBst^ittff 
Immediately  off  Cape  Riley  runs  a  low  point*  whiiBh  had  somejip* 
pearance  of  shoal^-water  near  it,  there  being  a  alrokig  ripple  cm  the^ 
surfiucei  bi^  JUientenant  Hoppner  reported,  thatt  be  cflndd4ndJM» 
bottom  with  thirty«Qine  fothomt,  at  the  distance  of  two  hundred 
yards . from  Jt.  -  ,.    ^,-;;^. ■.,..,..,,..-,  v.-    ^vj..^-. ■-■,.,-, ,...-,■.■■..;'■>  .^■..■" 

^  As  soon  as  the  boats  r«im»ed»  all  sail'^aa  madt  to  ^  wfst* 
ward,  where  the  prospect  jttegan  to  wearn  mofe  Mdmote  in^ 
^tittg  appearance.  We;  soon  perceived^  as  we  .proceededr  tbfltl 
»ie  landi  aUmg  which  we  were  aailingy  pnd  which^  with  the  exei%- 
tion  of  some  small  inlets,  had  ajqpeared  fl|^  be  hitherto  continnoiit 
from  Baflln's  Bay,  beoan  now  to  trend  m\icb  to  the  northward^ 
beyond  Beechey  island,  j4«ving  a  large  open  space^between  that 
coast  and  the  distaiuE  land :  to  th«  westirardi  which  now  app^ared^ 
like  an  island,  of  whicb  the  extremes  to  the  north  and  south  wcfft 
distinctly  visible.  The  latter  was  a  remarkable  li^adland*  having 
at  its  extremity  two  small  table  hills,  somewlmt  resembling  beat* 
turned  bottom  upwards^  and  was  named  Cape  HMharnvR^ter  Eearp. 
Admiral  the  honourable  Sir  Henry  Hotham*  one  of  the  Lords 
Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty.  At  sunset  we  had  n  clear  and 
extensive  view  to  the  northward,  between  Cape  ^btham  and  Hht 
eastern  land.  On  the  latter  several  headlands  were  discovered  m 
named;  between  the  northernmost  of  these*  called  Cape  Bow4ett» 
and  the  island  to  the  westward,  there  was  a  channel  of  more  than 
eight  leagues  in  width,  in  which  neither  land  nor  ice  could  be  seea 
from  the  masUhead.  To  this  noble  channel  1  gave  the  name  oif 
Wellmgton,  after  his  Grace  the  Master-General  of  the  Oidnance. 


."  i 


It 


9^- 


The  arrival  off  tbit  «riiid  opening  was  an  event  for  which  we 
had  long  been  lopking  with  much  anxiety  and  impatience ;  for,  the 
continuity  of  land  to  the  northward  had  always  been  a  source  of 
imeasiness  to  us,  principally  from  the  possibility  that  it  might  take 
a  turn  to  the  southward  and  unite  with  the  coast  of  America.  The 
appearance  of  this  broad  openings  free  from  ice,  and  of  the  land 
on  each  side  of  it,  more  especially  that  on  the  west,  leaving  scarbe* 
ly  a  doubt  on  our  minds  of  the  latter  being  an  island,  rekeyed  us 
from  all  anxiety  on  Uiat  score}  and  every  one  felt  that  we  were 
now  finally  disentangled  from  the  land  which  forms  the  western 
side  of  Baffin?s  Bay ;  and  that,  in  fact,  we  had  actu(dly.  entered  the 
Polar  sea>  Fully  impressed  with  this  idea  I  veintured  td  distin- 
guish the  magnificent  .opening  through  which  our  passage  had  been 
effected  from  Baffin's  bay  to  Wellington  channel,  by  the  name  of 
.fisoTow's  Stmit,  after  my  friend  Mr.  Barrow,  Secretary  of  the 
Admiralty  i  botbua  a  private  testimony  of  my  esteem  for  that  gen- 
tleman, and  as  a  public  acknowledgment  due  to  him  for  his  zeal 
and  exertions^  in  the  promcllon  of  Northern  Discovery.  To  the 
iflmd  oil  which  Cape  Hodiam  is  situated,  and  which  is  the  eastem- 
most^of  the  group  of  islands,  (as  we  found  them  to  be  by  subset 
guent  discovery,)  in  the  Polar.sea,  I  gave  Uie  name  of  Comwaltis 
Islands  after  A^dmirfd  the  Honourable  Sir  William  Cop^W«llif«||iy 
lurat  navallfriendi  and  patron ;  end  an  inle^  seven  miles^to^the  noittli* 
wardof  C*|ipe  Hotham,  we  called  Barlc^w  Inlet,  as  a  tej^timoiiy  of 
my  reM^ect  ior  Sir  Hd^rt  Barlow,  one  of  the  Commissidnefnt  of 
His  A^jes^  navy. .  * 

Thottg'i  two-tlurdtof  Jbc;  month  of  August  had  now  elapM^ 
I  bad  tv^W  I'^Ason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  progress  which  we  baa 
Hibecio  made.  I  calculated  upon^  tine  sea  being  still  navigable  for 
aig;  weeks  to  come,  and  prc^ably  more  if  the  state  of  the  ice  would 
pisiaiui^vwto  edge,  away  to  the  southward  in  our  progress  westerly; 
oar  prospfets^  indeed,  were  truly  exhilarating ;  the  ships  had  suf- 
fered ^^iiyjailfir.webtMlplen^  of  provisions;  crews^in  high  health 
irndsinntsja  sef^.ifnot  opeii,.atJeast  navigable;  anda^alous 
IOkI  unipnimous  detexpinaUon  in  both  officers  and  men  to  accomf 
tolisb,byaU  possible  means^  the  grand  object  on  which  we  had  the 

lll^piness  to.be  employed* 


^^'^Wff%i'"'i  '• 


rnrjsy^p 


?r^*7H'Fp»i^!^pn^;TBP95?r''ii||^^ 


^5^W(=r|Fifj^ 


^ 


■ '«"  4;J^T>'K'*(«<f''"" 


JVA-S. 


CHAt>T£R  HI. 


Mmtifarm^  a  $tHii  ^  X^nik^iBm&al  mpmanu  of  fhe^H^ 
Mat  y»m  lo^«  OMnmm^rovk  Idio  IslaiuU  turrmmmwUh  jfee 
-^Jleinalito  ^MawMuapm^i  dnd  naturM  pr^uetiohi  «r  iOjim 
JliMh  AkmO^mioiuJmij^^  1^  and  tte-^D^mi 
^  tlmv^  n  propir  Courai—Jkrlvai  aii^  liind^  tm  So^ 
:W»«*^«#«*rf  to  ihe  0^e$tward,  ar^  reach  ihfi  .^fi&uiton  of  lib* 

^  FanidmlMiL 


K'- 


ACALM'fmchptie^^mtmdvdriaiK  kept  Mn  Mimif 

^(»%  aff  Beecfeey  Irfitftd  itfl^lir^fe  A^MvS  the^dj  trti*% 
f^^weWKft  ipmiW  il|i  ft^to  Ihe  ii«rtli*rlira,  md  lOi  smfl  Wto  mM 
f<^  Ctpe  Hothtiib,  td  Hit  ^dtj^l^tfi^  of  *l^yit  it  ««k  «d%^l8i^1li- 
^ficn  to  ie«fk  a  #>te<«  yiiik«l|fe^^rp^^  lleKl^li^  SCiiUt.    W^v 

m  ID  Uiti!i|al(ii|  eil<ilit'<tf  <ttir  Vtie«^  lu  iHn  mpt^Mit^imimm. 
bill  ^6  lf%«t  llglii  iii|^l6i6irt6^ 

of  tl^two  it  warour  butioeia  to  pnnue.    I^iftf^efvin^tiio^  beJk  'Sk 

by  i(»v«iid  ihe^dliiMlMa:!!^^^ 
I^wiiuso  Ol  Wcltill||tdll  cl^d|iQ^^#^^^ 

>|m»edino9i«  ihatt  I  kShiit^  piNiifait%  hk^e  betiii  %i^ 
tliloi^hi^  u  a  degree «ioe«  01: 1(^  to  t^tummamiame  Wm 
or  tto  diBbnttce  iii  the  iiiiiilnc^  We  hid  to  ti^  lo  I^^  ^J*i  Hi^ 
«^  channel  to  the  weitward  did  ii6t»  hoiwv^,  l^ik^  ^lo^ 
dUemma*  It  it  impoti^le  to  cOilc<^v^  any  ^h%  Inort^  at^iiiii^ 
than  the  (jjuick  and  nitobstiiiGitd^iiWl^«^MitMh#re:#«t<eaiVi^^ 
from  Beechcy  IiteAd  aofoss  to  Cafte  Hdtttiiiii^  9fo^  ^ieki  hh^' 
probably,  at  one  time  or  another,  es^eacf^tltiit  Me^ri^dll^W 
spirits  which  is  usually  produced  by  rapid  motion  of  a^  kindf  aiid 
It  will  readily  be  conceived  how  much  thit  fiseling  was  heightened 
in  us,  m  the  few  instances , in  which  it  occurred,  by  the  slow  tttkd 
tedious  mannerin  wh^ch  the  greater  part  of  our  na^gation  i^ 
be^  performed  in  these  seas.  Our  disappointment  may  ^tm^i^ 
be.  imagined,  when,  in  the  midst  of  these  favourable  appearanei% 
and  of  the  hope  with  which  they  had  induced  us  to  flatter  oar« 
selvesf  it  was  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  reported  from  the  crow^i 
nest,  that  a  body  of  ice  lay  directly  across  the  passage  fbetwe^ 
Comwallis  Island  and  the  land  to  the  southward.  As  we  ajpproateh- 


1.  i 


•IV 


m 


ed  thia  < 
foiwd  th 
wMch  a  ] 
however, 
that  one  : 
ice  detaci 
that,  bey< 
The  Heel 
after  a  q« 
had,  as  V 
through 
the  HecU 
jl^aving  oi 
We^no 
wihe  ch 
^Nchey 
tomt  nex 
9hctes  pi 
ba«<th  w* 

9j9on  we  I 
were  pr(d 

(^Gornw 
Ao  Openi 
by  tb<ft  n 

i^ngl^m. 
alidWoo 
indebted 
l^and 

oi€i^< 

til^ltterau 
Qoyered  t 
thatdtr«»iE 


i'lema 
bn^termin 
eilby  the 
Attuoo 
^ilde,by  < 
hpid  i^hic 
second  isl 
edGriiffitl 
liland^  is 
«|i|>earan£ 
wsfounc 
mm  of  4 
ilpiiH*,  hai 


\  *-» 


^gj^^wmmg^ 

"^^^1 

^^}.~ 

fimiu^Bj^f, 

.^H 

Wi^^ 

.-■,.,^v.^^,M|.,...^,^.^^  J|>**^-J.t;»f,_..^^-,..,v.,„T     n 

9 

HHi 

'6p)!)l^9»ll»»{.';-;V'-;-*'.'.. 


If 


1.     1 


^, 


Hf 


55 

•4  thi9  obstruoHon,  nrhi^b  commenced  idbout  Cape  Hotb«io,  we 
fQU94  that  there  Was,  lor  Uie  pre«iBnt»  no  opening  in  it  through 
wMeh  a  paiBsage  could  he  i^mpted*  After  Ijring  to  Ibr  an  hour, 
however,  Lieiitena9t  3eech^y  <li3covered  from  the  crow't^njest, 
that  one  Qarroi?  n^Qk  appea^d  to  ({onaist  of  looae  piecea  of  heatvy 
ice  detached  from  the  main  floea.  which  compoi^d  the  barrier,  and 
that,  beyond  this,  there  waa  a  considerable  «actent  of  open  water. 
T^he  Hechi  was  immediately  pushed  into  this  part  of  the  ice,  aiad, 
after  a  quarter  of  an  hour'a  "boring,"  during  whidi  the  breexe 
had,  as  usualt  neairly  deserted^  U9,  succeeded  in  forcing  fmr  way 
through  the  neck.  Th«  Gciper  fallowed  in  the  opening  which 
the  mc)^  had  maae^an4  we  continued  our  course  to  the  w4iatward, 
paving  once  more  a  navigable  sta  before  us. 

We^  now  remarked  that  a  very  decided  change  had  taken  place 
in  ^,e  character  of  the  land  to  the  northward  6f  us  since  leaving 
HKcchey  Islappj^;  thie  coast  near  the  l«^r  buying  bold  and  |^i«cipi. 
t^na  next  the  sfe«,  with  very  deep  water  doBe  to  it,  w£ile  the 
ahdpres  of  CornwalUa  Island  riae  Vith  a  gradual  aaibent  from  a 
haa<;h  irhich  appeared  to  be  composed  of  sand.  During  the  fore- 
noon we  passed  several  riplings  on  *he  aurfkce  of  the  w^ter,  vthUh 
were  probably  occasioned  by  the  s<t  of  the  tides' fni^ta#i  ^d 
<^  €4^iiw4lia  tslandji  as  we  tovm^  a  depth  of  nine^-$ve;  Hthbmfc 
An.  op*°>»g^a3  seen  in  the  south«m  litid^  l^lnch  1  dittin|«^iah^d 
by  tber  name  of  Cunningham  fnlet,  i^ier  Caption  Ch^ga  Cun- 
^ngl^un,  of  th^  Hoyal;  Kavyv  r«8id«nt  ComAiasioner  at  BeptfM 
a0d  Woolwich^  to  whose  kindaesa  and  attention  we  wefe  muc|i 
indebted  during  the,  equipment  of  the  sHps  for  this  service.  A 
lljMffnnd  remarkable  cape>  which  forms  the  eas^m  pc^  of  Cua? 
n^lgbam?  Inlet  obtained,  by  Lieutenant  Hoppner*s  desire,  the  name 
oiCa^  Giford;  out  of  respect  to  his  friend,  Mr.  Gifford,,  a  gen? 
ilaiiiin^tt  known  and  higl]d^  respected.,  as  he  dieaerves  tob(e,in 
^Ittemry  world!;  1^  the  ^twsi^ipl  Cape  Gi<lbrd,aihick  haze 
Qoyered  ^e  horizon,  and,  it  prevented  Us  ^om  seeing  more  land  in 
that  direction ;  so  that  i^  continuity  from  hence  to  Cape  Clarence 
^A  remained  undetermined,  while;  tct  i)ie  westward,  it  s^med  td 
b»  terminated  rather  diKnptly  by  a  headland;  which  I  distbguish- 
e0:  by  the  name  of  Capes  Bunny. 

At  noon,  we  had  reached  the  longitude  of  $4°  43'  15",  the  lati^ 
^ilde,  by  observation,  being  74°  80'  52",  wheii  we  found  that  the 
l«ld  which  then  formed  the  western  extreme  on  tt»s  side  was  a 
second  island^  which,  after  Kear-Admirid  £dward  Griffith,  1  call^ 
«d.  GriiBlth  Island.  Immediately  opposite  to  this,  upon  Comwallia 
Isiand^  is  a  conspicuous  headland,  which,  at  some  distance,  has  the 
^^pearance  of  being  detached,  but  which,  on  a  nearer  approach, 
m»i  found  to,  be  joinisd  by  a  piece  of  low  land.  To  this  i  gave  the 
i^me  of  Cape  Martyr,  after  a  much  eateemed  friend.  At  tw<* 
P»ll,i  having  reached  the  longitude  of  95*  07',  we  came  to  some 


M- 


56 


htivv  aiid  ckteiuive  ilciinit  ict,  which  oliti|ra  lis  to  tiick^  thcVe 
heiotf  a6>ttiii||e  between  theqii.  We  best  to  the  noithwanl  dlt- 
lag  &e  linite  of  the  afteri^,  whh  a  fireirti  httMSefroatk  thi<%tii- 
Ipr,  in  the  hope  of  fimlfaig  a  narrow  chaniiet  tinder  the  lie*  If 
ttkiHth  Jblnnd.  In  thit  expectation  we  #ete,,  hoiMeir,  <Bm^ 
pelted,  fbr,at  eight  ^.M.,  wi'irere  near  eno|||hlo  perceive  ii» 
o^y  te  the  ice  waft  imiite  close  io  the  shore,  hot  that  it  appearid 
not  to  hav^  been  detached  ftiom  it  at  all  diiritt|fihi'ft  season.  We, 
thereforfef  bore  up,  and  nm  a^ttii  tovthe  80ttth#»rd,  where  the  sea 
by  this  ifhto'hsd  become  rathei^  more  eteir  along  the  lee  tnarghi 
^f  a  large  field  of  ice  extending  far  to  the  westward;  The  ice  in 
this  iM^bourhobd  was  coveriftd  with  imninkerabHf  MhufUtmoeks^" 
inch  as  1  have  before  endeaii^^d  to  describe  Ss  Recurring  ih  the 
sbttthern  part  of  Prince  Regent's  Inlet,  and  the  ^dei  were  ^foftt 
•even  to  ten  feet  in  thiclchess.  It  may  here  be  jttmarked,  M  n  Ait 
not  iittOgitheir  unworthy  of  iotice,  that,  fhim  the  time  or  obr  eil<^ 
terifig  Sir  James  Lancaster's  SoUn#,  tiU  i^tf  had  paued  the'  melt- 
diaii  of  dS*,  near  which  the  northern  shore  dT  Birrow^  Strait  ^tisea 
to  liie  cootiliubns,  the  wind,  as  is  commonly  the  e^sse  in  inlets -d^ 
this  kind,  had  invariably  blown  in  a  diiftctibn  neaily  due  eiat  ik 
dtfe  west,  being  that  of  the  sKories  of  the  stThit;  WItenYtltefefbtt, 
we  expei^ettced  toi^ay,  for  the  first  time,  a  firesh  breece  blbwiir 
iteadily  ftoni  the  northirard,  or  direcdy  off  the  land,  we  Were  wC 
ling,  tm>ogh  perhilps  without  much  reason,  to  construe  this  dff^ 
cwnstnace  info  isn  adSlitibnJd  indioation  of'the  shores  near  Chilli 
we  were  now  sailing  being  idtogether  cbmpbsed  of  islihdb,'do#if 
the  chahnels  bi^ween  which  the  wind  bl^#^  and  that  dtiinme'  nd 
•bstructibn  from  continued  land  was  any  longeir«6be  a^ribhendi^. 
>  Afiet  various  unsuccessfiil  attempts  to  get  through  thelce  #^eh 
now  Uy  in  Our  wn|^,  we  were  at  length  so  fonunite  as  to  ieo^ 
plish  this  object  by  "boring''  through  several  heal^«*ilreain^^ 
which  occasioned  the  shins  to  receive  nksny  severe  shofeks;  and';'iit 
half  an  hour  before  'midnight^  we  were  enabled  to  pursue  bilr 
course,  through  •*^sailing  ice,"  to  the  westward. 

A  fog  came  on,  on  the  morning  of  the  24th,  which  once  molt 
reduced  us  to  the  necessity  of  depending  on  the  steadiness  of  tho 
wind  for  a  knowledge  of  the  direction  in  which  we  were  steerili|f, 
or  of  having  recourse  to  the  unpleasant  alternative  Of  heavihg4)0, 
tin  the  weather  should  becottne  dear.  The  former  was,  of  6ours6, 
peferred,  and  we  pushed  on  with  all  the  canvib  which;  th«^- 
per>8  bad  sailin|f  wovdd  allow  us  to  carry,  using  the  very  neeilsi^ 
precaution  of  keeping  the  hand-leads  comtantiy  going.  Wo:  piss- 
ed one  field  of  ice,  of  immense  length,  the  distenee  which  we  lia 
along  it)  without  meeting  a  single  break  in  it>  being,  accQlrdiiigt^ 
the  repoit  i^  the  officers,  froi&i  eight  to  teii  miles,  and  itsignuial 
thickness  about  eight  fieet.  In  this  manner  we  had  sailed  hetw^ 
fifteen  and  twenty  miles  in  a  tolerably  clear  sea,'  wh^o^  on^^elbg 


'M 


:'m'^ 


■■■■J'   'jf.ifli 


m 

dnav^f  away,  at  Mven  A.BiL,  we  found,  by  the  bearingt  of  the 
•QD,  that  the  wind  hed  not  deceived  us,  and  that  we  had  nade 
wmly  all  westiM  duriiw  the  ni^t'e  run.  We  also  taw  ftmd  to 
die  northwafd  oTua  at  the  distance  of  nine  or  ten  miles^  appearing 
like  an  ishmd,  which  it  ^iumxrarda  proved  to  be,  and  which  I  aamea 
after  viscoiMt  JLowtlier,  one  of  the  lords  of  his  Majesty's  treasury 
Shortfy  after,  we  also  saw  land  to  the  south,  so  that  we  cuuld  noi|< 
but  consider  ourselves  Jbrtuaate  in  having  steered  so  directly  in  the 
]»oper  course  for  sailing  in  this  channel  durina  the  continuance  of 
the  foggy  weathen  The  land  to  the  southward  was  high  and  bold» 
being  terminated  to  the  eastward  by  a  bluff  headland,  which  I 
named  after  Mr.  Walker,  of  the  Hydn>»aphical  OiBce,'at  the 
AdmiraltT.  Ipianediately  at  the  back  of  Cape  Walker,  cur  to  thtf 
aottthwara  of  it,  the  loom  of  land  was  d'lslanctly  visible,  but,  from, 
the  state  oi  the  weatnery  we  could  not  ascertain  its  extent.  We 
hcfe  obtmned  soundings  ia  sixty-three  fathoms,  on  a  bottom  of 
sand  and  somUL  stones,  with  some  pieces  of  conral. 

The  wind,  drawing  more  to  the  westward,  soon  after  the  cUar- 
iog  up  of  the  fog,  obliged  us  to  beat  to  windward  during  tbe  rest 
of  tdie  day  between  the  two  lands,  that  to  the  soiithwitfd  being 
loaded  with  ipe^  while  the  shores  of  Lowther  Island  were  perfectly 
clear  and  accessible.  As  we  stood  in  towards  the  south-west  point 
cf  the  island,  m  the  afternocm,  we  found  the  water  deepen  from 
sUcQr-five  to  seventy-six  £sthoms,  the  latter  soundings  being  pt  tha 
<jtisttitce  of  two  asiles  and  a  half  from  the  shore:  and^  in  atitfidlng 
off  again  to  the  south-westward^  came  rather  uneiq>ectedly  to  a  low 
sand]r-lookin|^  island,  having  a  great  deal  of  heavy  ice  aground 
nepr  it;  to  this  I  jpsie  the  napic  of  Young's  Island,  after  Dr.  Tho- 
PMM  Young,  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Longitude.  We  tacked  in 
^)|iifKty<»f6ur  fathoms  at  three  milea  distance  from  this  island;  ai^d 
hpm  the  iiuaivtity  of  heavy  ice  near  it,  which  is  a  never-failing 
beacon  in  these  aeas,  it  seems  more  than  probable  that  it  is  auc- 
xoiinded.by  shoal  water. 

It  now  became  evident  that  all  the  land  around  us  consisted  of 
islauds,  and  the  coBBparative  shoaliness  of  the  water  mad^  great 
cotton  necessary  in  {npoceeding,  surrounded  as  we  were  by  both 
land  and  ice.  in  idmost  every  direction.  In  the  course  of  the  even- 
ing, more  land  came  in  sig^t  to  tlie  northward;  but  the  distance 
was  at  this  time  too  great  to  enable  us  to  distinguish  its  situation 
and  cai^ent. 

.  £arly  on  the  following  roomiiigi  Lieutenant  Beechey  discovered, 
from  jthe  crow's  nest,  a  second  low  island,  resembling  Young's 
iaiaad  in  «ax  and  appearance,  and  lying  between  three  aad  foUr 
l^gues  to  the  northward  of  it.  IjKave  it  the  name  of  Davy  Island, 
after  Sir  Humphrey  Davy,  now  President  of  the  Royal  Society. 
I^e  nearest  land  which  we  had  seen  to  the  n9rthward,.on  the  pre- 
cluding evening,  proved  to  be  another  island,  four  or  five  miles 

'   H 


i'^'     /• 


J 


)f: 


/ 


m 


long  irom  Mtt  to  WMt,  which  I  distinguithed  by  th«  nme  of 
Garrett  Island^  out  of  reapect  to  my  niuch-est««ued  friend  Captain 
Henry  Garrett,  of  the  royal  navy,  to  whose  l(ind  officca  and  friendl|i 
attention  during  the  time  of  our  equipment,  I  muat  ever  feel  highly 
indebted*  The  land  to  the  northward  of  Garrett  iaUnd  was  found 
to  be  another  island  of  considerable  extent,  having*  towards  ita 
eastern  end,  a  remarkable  peaked  hillock^  very  conspicuous  when 
seen  from  the  southward.  I  named  this  Bathurst  Island,  in  honour 
of  the  Earl  of  Bathurst*  one  of  his  Majesty^s  prmcipal  secretariea 
of  State,  and  a  bay  near  its  south-eastern  point,  was  caUed  Bedford 
Bay. 

The  islands  which  we  had  discovered  during  this  day's  naviga- 
tion, among  which  I  have  not  ventured  to  include  the  land»to  the 
eaudiward  of  Lowther  Island,  of  wluch  we  obtained  a  very  tmper^ 
feet  view>  are  generally  of  a  moderate  height*  not  exceeding  per- 
htips  four  or  five  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea«  With 
the  exception  of  some  parts  of  fiathurst  Island^  which  have  a  mott 
nigged  aspect,  and  which  rise  to  a  greater  elevation  than  this,  we 
found  them  entirely  clear  of  snow,  and  when  the  sun  was  shining 
upon  them,  they  exhibited  a  brown  appearance.  In. standing  in 
towards  Garrett  Island,  the  water  was  found  to  deept^n  from  forVyr 
to sixty«»five,  seventy,  and  eighty  fathoms;  die  latter .aoiuiduigs  ee- 
^riitg  M  two  niles  distance  from  the  south-eastern  p<nnt  of  Ae 
iaHtid^  where  we  suddenly  met  with"  a  strcmg  rippling  on  the  sur* 
fice^of^e  water:  as  no  irreg«^arity  could  be  found  in  the  bottom, 
this  rippling' was  periiaps  occasioned  by  the'meeting  of  the  tides  iii^< 
this  place.    ■  ''*.■'  .^ 

We  hftd  seen  no  whaka  nmr  narwhals  since  leaving  Cape  Riley 
on  the  morning  of  the  Sdd;  and  it  was  now  (the  S6ai)  remarked^ 
not  without  some  degree  of  uiipleasant  feeling,  that  inot  a  -  sifo|^ 
bird,  ttor  any  othi^  livii^  creature*  had  for  the  whole  of  this  day 
qradeita'appearanice.  ^t  was,  however,  encouraging  to  find*  while 
advancing  to  the  westward,  as-  fast  as  an  unfavourable  wind  would 
]^rmit,,that*  althbog^'^he  aea  beyond  us  was>  for  the  most  part 
covered^ith  a  compact  and  undivided  body  of  ice,  yet  that  a 
chaniiel  of  Sutfi^nt-  breadth  was  still  left  open  for  us  be^veea  it 
and  the  shore,  liinder  the  lee  of  Bathurst  island.  Ilie  ie^  here  ^onc 
floated  almost  entirely  of  fields,  the  limits  of  which  were  not  visUnle 
firdm  the  niMt-head,  and  wh|ch  were  .covered  wiUi  the  same  kind 
of  hummocks  as  before  described.  The  westernmost  l»nd  now  m 
sight  was  a  cape^  Which  I  mmied  after  Vice-Admind  Sir  Georgis 
^Cockburii,  one  of  the  vLords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiraky. 
This  cape  appeared,  during  the  day,  to  be  situated  on  a  small 
island  detached  from  Qathurst  Island;  but*  on  appToachingp^  it  to- 
wards evening,  we  found  them  to  be  connected  by  «loW:4aiidy 

ach  or  isthmus,  over  which  some  high  and  distant  htUs  were 
seen  to  the  ^or^we9ivf ard.    An  opening  in  the  IukL  bcm:  this 


59 

bMoli,  md  which  had  very  much  the  tppetrwice  of  •  rivf  r,  with 
•ome  Mcky  islets  at  its  mouth,  wat  named  AUiton  Ittlet,  aht-  the 
Greenland  mtMtur  ^  the  HecU.  The  water  became  very  light  co- 
loured at  we  stood  in  towards  this  part  of  the  coast,  and  we  tacked 
in  twenty-six  fathoms,  at  si*  or  seven  miles'  distance  from  il,  con- 
tinuing to  beat  to  the  westward* 

We  gained  so:  little  ground  during  the  night,  ai^d.  in  the  early 
part  of  the  following  morning,  notwithstanding  the  smoothness  of 
the  water,  and  »  fine  working  breeze,  that  I  am  confident  there 
must  have  been  a  tide  setting  against  us  off  Cape  Co^kburn)  but, 
aa  it  was  of  material  importance  to  get  round  this  headland,  before 
•  change  of  wind  should  set  thr  ice  in  upon  the  shore,  I  did  not 
deem  it  proper  to  heave-to,  for  the  purpose  of  trying  the  direction 
in.  which  it  was  cunning.  After  three  A.M.,  the  ships  began  to 
make  much  better  wayt  ao  that  I  considered  it  likely  that  the  tide 
had  sUckened  between  three  and  four  o'clock  {  and  if  so,  the  tima 
of  slack  water  «t  this  place  would  be>  on  full  and  change  days,  a 
few  minutes  after  eleven:  and  as  this  time,  with  the  proper  correc- 
tion appUed,  seema  to  correspond  pretty  accurately  with  that  of 
high  water  at  the  other  places,  to  the  eastward  and  westward, 
where  we  had  an  opportunity  of  observing  it,  we  could  scarcely 
doubt  that  it  was  the  flood-tide  which  had  now  been  setting  against 
ua  from  the  westward.  From  thcfe  circumstances,  1  have  ven- 
tured to  mark  the  time  of  high  water,  and  the  direction  of  the 
flood-tide,  upon  the  chart,  both  being  confessedly  subject  to  correc- 
tUMi  by  future  navigators.  Several  seals  were  here  seen  upon  ^hc 
ice,  and  a  single  bird  with  a  long  bill,  resembling  a  curlew. 

While  bleating  round  Cape  Cockbum,  our  soundings  were  from 
;thir.ty-three  to  twenty-one  fathoms,  on  a  bottom  of  small  broken 
nheUa  and  coral ;  and  some  star-fish  ( Asteritu),  came  up  on  the  lead. 
After  rounding  this  headland,  the  wind  favoured  us  by  coming  to 
the  S.S.W.i  and  as  we  stood  on  to  the  westward,  the  water  deep 
caed  very  graduidly  till  noon,  when  being  in  latitude,  by  observa- 
tion, 75'  01'  51"  and  longitude,  by  chronometers,  lOl"  39'  09"  we 
aounded  in  aizW^etght  fathoms,  on  a  bottom  of  mud  of,  a  peculiar 
ilesh-colour.  The  high  land,  which  had  been  seen  on  the  preced- 
ing eveni^i;,  over  the^low  beach  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  Cockbum, 
now  appeared  also  to  form  a  part  of  J^athurst  Island,  which  we 
afterwards  found  ^o  be  the  case,  (on  our  return  in  18S0,)the  inter- 
mediate parts  of  the  land  being  too  low  to  be  clearly  distinguished 
«t  our  ij^esent  distance.  The  land  to  the  westward  of  Cape  Cotk- 
hurn  sweeps  round  into  a  large  hay,  which  I  named  after  yice^ 
Admiral  Sir  Graham  Moore. 

The  weather  was  at  this  time  remarkably  serene  and  clear,  and, 
although  we  saw  a  line  of  ice  to  the  southward  of  us,  lying  in  a 
direction  nearly  east  and  west,  or  parallel  to  the  course  on  which 
we  were  steering,  and  some  mont  land  appeared  to  the  westward. 


H 


eo 


'J' 


yet  tht  ipiM  of  oMi  watmr  w»  mM  so  bfoad.  Mid  ^he ;. r-.. 

from  the  mait»lwM,  upon  the  wMer  eo  AatterUig,  llMt  I  lltoiigM 
the  chancel  of  our  Mpkratioa  luul  now  become  gwonrthoo  beliMot 
md  I  therefore  contidertd  It  right  to  funrieh  UeoieMMit  lUddoa 
trith  lireeh  iottructione,  «mI  to  affoiiit  oome  mw  fliMe  of  feadea* 
voiM,  m  case  of  unavoidable  teparatioii  flroio  the  Heda.  A  boot 
waa,  therefore*  dropped  on  boai€  tiie  Griper  for  that  purpoae, 
Without  her  hcaving-io  {  and  4Aie  aaoaooffportanitf  evaa  taken  to  ob* 
tain  a  comparieon  between  oor  ehroooaietert.  AboM teren  P.M« 
we  were  iuAciendy  near  to  the  weetem  land  to  aMenaIn  that  it 
waa  part  of  another  ialand)  which  1  named  after  ¥ic«-Admir«l 
Sir  Thomaa  Byam  Martin,  compirbller  of  Hie  Mijeety't  navyi 
and  by  eight  o^loekwe  pereeiveathatthebody  of  ttetothaaoiiith- 
ward,  along  Which  we  had  been  iaiUng,  took  a  turn  to  theinrth, 
and  atretched  <(ttite  in  to  tlw  shore,  newr  a  tow  point,  oflT  which 
a  great  qiiantiiy  of  heavy  iee  was  aground.  Aft  ten  o'dock,  i^fter 
havibg  had  a  dear  view  of  the  ice  and  of  the  land  about  tuMet^ 
and  finding  that  there  WM  at  preeent  no  panaoe  to  the  westward. 
We  hauled  off  to  the  south-east,  ih  the  hope  of  finding  eomo  open* 
iug  in  the  ipo  to  the  southward,  by  irfiich  %re  nuglit  get  found  in 
the  desired  direction.  We  were  encouraged  in  this  heoe  by  a 
dark  **  water-sky*'  to  the  southward  {  but,  Mter  ronning  wMg  «hia 
ice  till  hnlf-'past  eleven,  without  peroeivkig  any  opening,  w»  ngaii 
bore-up  to  return  towards  the  island.  Theee  was,  in  this  ne^jb^ 
bourhood,  a  gitat  deal  of  that  particular  kind  of  ioe,  oaUed  by  ^kim- 
nSAion «« dirty  ice,**  on  the  sumce  of  which  were  strewed  sand. 
8toi^es,and  in  some  instances,  moss:  ice  off  this  kind  aMNt,  of 
course,  at  one  time  or  oilier,  have  been  in  close  jBootaet  with  the 
buid.  On  one  of  thiiise  pieces,  towards  which  the  Heda  wasstand<> 
i^,  a  littb  aea  was  curved  breakingi  and,  on  a  nearer  oppvoaoh^ 
it  so  eXfwtly  resembled  a  rode  above  water,  that  I  thought  it  prtt» 
dent  to  heave  dl  the  *dls  aback>  till  a  boat  had  beon  sent  to  exi»> 
mine  it.  We  saw  ae vend  fulmar  petrels,  and  one  or  two  aeali%^ 
in.  the  cciurae  of  Ais  day*s  run. 

As  We  afiproaehed,  on  the  SSth,  the  soudi  point  of  the  island^ 
to  wMeh  t  gave  the  name  of  Cape  GiUman^  out  of  respect  to  ^ 
memory  of  the  late  Sir  John  Gillman,  we  found  the  ice  in  the 
same  position  as  before;  and  I  there£N«  hauled  to  the  north-east 
with  the  intention  of  attemptini^  a  passagis  round  the  north  oido  of 
the  ialsuid.  In  standing  in,  toWardf  Cape  Oillman,  our  soundings 
SP«dodly  decr«aiMd  from  eighty  to  twdnty-three  fathoms,  the  latter 
deptli  occurring  at  the  distance  of  two  to  four  miles  from  ifce 
shore.  At  ten  A.M.,  the  wind  beii^  vory  Ught  from  tbo^S.S^E., 
I  despatdied  Captain  Ssbine  and  Mr.  Ross,  occoa^amed  by 
Messrs.  Edwards  atid  Fisher,  to  the  eastern  >point  of  the  istend, 
Hvhibh  we  were  about  to  round  in  the  ships,  in  ordier  to  make  the 
•neeessary  observations,  and  lo  examine  the  natural  productions  of 


middle 


iiensive 
We^ont 
aafo  gui 
when  wc 
fiom  the 
had  land 
which  Wi 
ttresiing 
which  w 
tlooa  we 
Capmin 
dtonted 
the  aea,  \ 
ki  a  circi 
totenfe 
vorticaU] 
tfMdlya 
Which  w^ 
mcadK 
diametei 
cfa«leaw| 
huts  io  11 
covered  i 
posed  thi 
lUKV^tee 
1bi»4eei 
ihelattci 
AfrWpi 
vitias,  ht 
and  cons 
■vered  wi 
of  which 
#ofeisessn 
"by  for  ti 
board  oo 
together 
ofdMlia 
of  thi  t 
two  or  i 

markylii 
being  d 
Thte  li 
ki^tud 
ntedle  v 


* 


61 

mid  the  depth  of  wttcr  forty  iftthont.  A  thkk  fog  ciune  oo  in  the 
ifteraoon,  tooi  after  the  botn  had  hmded,  which  fliade  me  appre- 
iiettfive  ihet  the  anookl  aoc  eiiHy  find  her  wajr  haek  to  «he  ehip. 
We  ioatkiued  to  itMid  offoihd.^  hf  the  lead,  which  eeeait  a  very 
aaCi  guide  on  thit  eoaet}  firing  guns  ftaqoenilr,  till  fiVe  P.M^, 
when  we  were  not  torry  to  hiear  our  eignale  taiw^d  by  anueke^ 
from  the  hoat  The  geatknndn  reported,  on  their  return,  that  they 
had  landed  on  a  eandy  beach,  near  the  east  pdlht  of  th^  iehiod, 
which  tiiey  found  to  be  moit  prodnetive,  and  i4togcidier  oioi^  in- 
ttreiting  than  any  other  part  of  the  Chorea  of  the  Pbter  regions 
which  we  had  yet  vieited.  Tha  remains  of  Esqoimaus:  habita- 
ttooa  were  found  in  fiior  dIMsrent  phwM.  She  of  these,  whidi 
Captain  Sabine  had  an  opportunity  of  exaasiaing,  and  which  are 
iitiMCed  on  a  level  sandy  bank,  at  the  side  of  a  suall  ravine  neiir 
Ihe  sea,  are  described  by  hint  aS  consisdng  of  stones  tuddy  j^ced 
kk  a  circuhir,  or  radter  an  cUtptlcal  forsn.  They  wen  firom  seven 
SO  «en  lieet  in  diameter;  the  broad  fiat  sides  of  the  stnnes  standing 
vartically,  and  the  a^liole  structote,  if  such  it  may  be  called,  being 
anctly  simibr  to  that  of  the  snmmer  huts  of  the  EsquiroaUa, 
irMch  we  had  seen  at  Hare  Ishmd  the  preceding  year.  Attached 
c»  eadi  of  them  was  a  smaller  circle,  generally  four  or  five  feet  in 
diameter^  which  had  probably  been  the  fire-phutc.  The  small 
drelea  were  placed  indifierendy,  as  to  thehr  direcdion  from  the 
ilttts  to  which  they  belonged  i  and  from  the  moss  and  sand  which 
covered  some  of  the  kwver  stones,  partlculai%  diose  which  coin, 
posed  the  flooring  of  the  huts,  the  whde  encampment  appeared  to 
have  fcsen  deserted  for  several  years:  Very  recent  traces  of  ^ 
tliia-deer  aadmnsk-ot  were  se«n  in  many  tnitcst  and  a  head  of 
the  hitter,  with  several  min-de^rs*  horns,  a^ib  brou|^t  on  board. 
A  feir  psaches  of  snow  remained  in  ^helter^d  situationt;  the  ra- 
viiMfts,  hotrwer,  tc'hidi  wore  Munerous,  bore  die  signs  c^  rec^ 
aiid  conslderabte  floods^  and  their  bottoms  "were  swampy,  and  Co- 
irered  with  very  luxuriant  moss,  and  other  vegetation,  the  character 
of  which  dlfl^red  very  litde  frOm  that  of  the  land  at  the  bottom  of 
#o«sesSiott  ftsy.  The  basis  of  the  island  is  sandstone,  pt  which 
•%forthe|;reater  pmt  of  the  mineralogicid  spedmens  brought  oii 
inardoosiaisted;  besides  these,  some  rich  granite  and  red  feldspar, 
lAgether  widi  aome  other  isubs^ifices,  wera  met  with.  A  nombet 
ofihelis,ofihe  reiiiie  tribe,  were  fouad  imbedded  in  the  bottom 
of  the  ravines.  A  thermometer,  of  wlOch  the  bulb  was  buried 
two  or  time  inches  in  the  eand,  considers!^  above  high  water 
math,  ihdicated^M  temperatura  of  S5Vi  that  of  the  air,  the  suh 
bete*  eincured  by  douds  at  the  time,  being  SSfV 

The  latitude  of  tte  place  of  observation  was  75*  09'  23",  and  the 
Jongitttde,  by  chroooitaetera,  103'  44'  $7".  The  dip  of  the  ma^etic 
needle  was  88'  25.58,  and  the  variation  was  now  found  to  have 


i. 


m 


!1 


^' 


I 


chmse^  frdm  118®  St'Wei^^in  the  longitude  ef  9t*  48',  where  our 
last  obierVtttioni  on  shore  hftd  been  made,  to  165*  50*  09"  East^  at 
our  present  station  {  so  that  we  had,  in  sailing  over  the  apace  in*- 
cittded  between  those  two  meridians,  crossed  immediately  to  the 
ikMthward  6f  the  niagnetie^pole,  and  had  undonbte  illy  passed  over 
one  of  those"  spots  upon  the  ^ohe,  where  the  needle  would  have 
been  found  to  vary  180*,  or  in  other  words,  where  its  north  pole 
would  have  pointed  due  sduth.  This  spot  would^  in  all  probability, 
at  this  time  be  soniewhere  not  fir  from  the  meridian  of  100'*,  west 
of  Greenwich.  It  would  undo^feifdly  have  been  extremely  inter- 
teting  to  obMiii  iUch  an  obseri^tioni  and  in  any  other  than  the 
very  precarious  Navigation  in  twMch  .#e  were  now  engaged,  I 
should  have  felt  it  my,  du^  to^devdli  a  certain  time  to  this  pard- 
cular  purpose;  butf  under  preseht  cireumstancfes, it  was  imposs'^le 
for  rae  to  regret  the  cause  which  akiiit;.  had  prevented  it,  especially' 
as  the  imp<»rtance  fo  science  of  th:s  obibrvation  was  not  sufficieM 
to  compensate  the  delsv  whith  the  search  after  such  a  spot  would 
necessarily  have  occasioned;  and  which  could  hardly  be  justified 
At  a  ii(ioment  when  we  were  making,  and'  fiair  two  or  three  days 
Continued  to  make,  a  rapid  and  unobstructed  progress  towards  the 
accomplishment  of  durprincijsalobjleict.  Captain  £kibitie  remarked, 
in  obtaining  the  observations  fdr  the  v^ation,that'the  compasses, 
which  were'  hose  of  Captttin  Kater's  construction,  tequbred  some, 
whatmdre  tapping  with  the  .hand;  to  ihake  them  traverse,  thftn 
they  did  at  the  place  of  obse^ition  in  Printe  Regent's  Inlet,  on 
the  f  th  of  Augurs,  whei'e  the  n^aginctle  dip  wis  vfery  nearly  the  same; 
but  that,  when  they  had  settiedt  Aey  hfdicxited  the  meridian  wi^ 
niore  prdcisiot^ '  For  iiHttancie^on  ^e  7th  of  Axu^t^  the  compass, 
when  levelled  on  its  Mxui,  wouldtraverseofitsieffibut  if  the  bear- 
ing of  any  object  were  observed  with  it,  and  the  compass  frequent^ 
removed  and  repUced,  the  bearings  so  obtuned  would  diffisrihnn 
each  oUier^  notwithstanding  much  tapping,  .to  tlie  amoimtof  3*or 
4*;  whereas  bn  the  present  occasion;  more  sk^shnew  was  ob> 
aervable;  yet,  at  the  same  time,  a  closer  agr^ment  in  the  succeso 
cessive  results; 

'  The  tide  was  rising  by  the  khorfe,  from  noon  till  half  past  four 
P.M.,  at  which  time  the  boats  left  the  beach;  and,  by  the  highw 
water  mark,  it  was  consideried  probable  that  it  had  yet  te  rise  toU 
an  hour  longer.  The  time  of  high-water,  therefore,  may  be  taken 
at  half.past  five,  which  will  make  that  of  the  full  and  change  days 
about  twelve  o'clock.  Mr.  Ross  found,  on  rowing  round  the  point 
near  which  he  landed,  that  the  stream  was  setting  strong  against 
him  from  the  northward.  We  had  tried  the  current  in  Ute  offing 
at  noon,  by  mooring  the  small  boat  to  the  bottotn,  when  it  was 
found  to  be  running  in  a  south  direction,  at  the  rate  of  half  a  mile 
per  hour.    At  four  P.M.,  near  the  same  station,  it  waa  setting 


S.S.W.,« 

tolerably 

ward. 

The  wi 
continued 
but  to  sta 
land  i  as  i 
we  were  ! 
one  tack, 
upon  the 
very  labo 
times  thu 
A.M.  on 
bottom,  b 
tialiy  clea 
ice  was  a 
tempted 
made  sail 
when  we 
again  as  t 
beeii'ena.!: 
for  each 
along  wh 
long  as  w 
but-as  so 
off  to  the 
iOfg,  were 
days  of  n 
weisuppo 
»DP  comp 
only  now 
literally,  1 

momvm 

amuatngi 
ship  by  4c 
it  was  nee 
freshened 
extremel) 
a  bottom 
enough  tc 
of.ice  wb 
ance  of  a 
fulithap  t 
iUusion  w 
^aU  *^  h( 
open  and 


{f*-i 


ft3 

S.S.W.,five-eightht  ofa  mUe  an  hour,  so  that  it  would  appear 
tolerably  certain  that  the  flood-tide  here  comes  from  the  north* 
ward. 

The  wind  became  very  light  from  the  eastward,  and  the  weather 
continued  so  foggy  that  nothing  cpuld  be  done  during  the  night 
but  to  stand  off-and-on,  by  the  soundings*  between  the  ice  and  the 
land ;  as  we  had  no  other  means  of  l^nowiue  the  direction  in  which 
we  were  sailing,  than  by  the  decrease  in  the  depth  of  water  on 
one  tack,  and  jby  making  the  ice  on  the  other.  The  fog  froze  hard 
upon  the  rigging,  which  always  makes  the  working  of^ the  ship  a 
very  laborious  task*  the  sia^e  of  the  running  rigging  being  some- 
times thus  increased  to  three  times  its  proper  diameter.;  At  four 
A.Af.  on  the  99ch,  the  current  was  tried  by  mooring  a  boat  to  the 
bottom,  but  none  could  be  detected.  About  this  time  the  fog  par- 
tially cleared  away  for  a  little  while,  when  we  observed  that  the 
ice  was  more  open  off  Cape  Gillman,  than  when  we  had  before  at- 
tempted to_^  pass  in  that  direction.  At  6ve  o'clock,  therefore,  we 
made  sail  for  the  point,  with  a  light  easterly  breeze ;  but  at  seven, 
when  we  had  proceeded  only  two  or  three  miles,  the  fog  came  on 
again  as  thick  as  hefore:  fortunately,  however,  we  bad  previously 
been;  enabled  to  take  notice  of  several  pieces  of  ice,  by  steering 
for  each  of  which  in  succession,  we  came  to  the  edge  of  a  floe, 
idong  which,  our.  course  wa^^to  be  pursued  to  the  westward.  As 
long  as  wc^.hadjthis  guidance,  we  advanced  with  great  confidence; 
but-as  soon  a»  we  came  to  the  end  of  the  flloe,  which  then  turned 
ofl'to  the  southward,  the  circumstances  under  which  we  were  saU- 
ickg,  were,  perhaps,  such  as  have  never  occurred  since  the  early 
days  of  navigation.  To  the  northward  was  the  land ;  tae  ice,  as 
we  supposed,  to  the  southward ;  the  compasses  useless;  and  the 
»|)P  completely  obscured  by  a  fog,  so  thick  th^t  the  Griper  could 
only  now  and  then  be  seen  at  a  cable's  length  astern.  We  had 
UteraUy,  thecefore,  no  mode'  of  regulating  our  course  but  by  once , 
Boi^^^ruiiUng,  to  the  steadiness  of  me  Wind ;  and  it  was  not  a  littla 
amustngfas  weU  as  novel,.to  see  the  quarter-master  conning  the 
ship  ^ylooking  at  the  dog-vane.  Under  all  these  circumstances, 
itwas  necessary  to  run  under  easy  sail,  the  breeze  having  gradually 
freshened  up  from  the  eastward.  Our  soundings  Were  at  this  time 
extremely  regular,  being  from  forty-one  to  forty-five  fathoms,  on 
a  bottom  of  soft  mud.  At  ten  o'clock  the  weather  became  clear 
enough  to  allow  u^i  to  see  our  way  through  a  narrow  part  in  a  patch 
of  ice  which  lay  ahead,  aud  beyond  which  there  was  some  appear- 
ance of  a  "  water-sky,"  There  is,  however,  nothing  more  deceit- 
lul'thap  this  iqipearanee  during  a  fog,  which,  by  the  same  optical 
iUttsion  whereby  all  other  objects  become  magnified,  causes  every 
^aU^vhole"  of  clear  water  to  appear  like  a  considerable  extent  of 
open  and  navigable  seat    We  continued  running  till  eleven  P.M., 


t:n    :.    t 


I    II 


t'i 


K'J 


'i  Hii 


u 


.  ki"L| 


/      ^ 


64 


'A' 


I 


when.the  tc;^  ctnt«  on  ag^ini,  making  the  sight  to  darl:  that  it  was 
no  longer  possible  to  proceed' in  any  tolerable  security;  I  therefore 
directed  the  ships  to  be  made  fast  to  a  floe,  having  sailed,  by  our 
account,  twelve  miles,  the  depth  of  watef  being  fovty-fuur  fathoms. 

The  log  continued  till  five  A.M.  on  the  30tb,  when  it  cleared 
sufficiently  to  give  ua  at  sight  of  the  land,  and  of  the  heavy  ice 
aground  off  Cape  Gillman,  the  latter  being  five  or  six  miles  to  the 
north  warcl  of  ui,  in  which  situation  we  had  deepened  our  soundings 
to  fifty  fathoms  during  the  night^s  drii^.  The  state  of  the  ice,  and 
ul  the  weather,  lujk  permitting  us  |to  move,  Cs^tain  Sabine,  being 
desirous  of  ma^ipg  some  use  of  this  unavoidable  detention,  and 
considering  it  ^t  aU  times  important  to  confirm  magnetic  observa- 
tions obtained  on  shore  in  these  highladtudes,by  others  taken  upon 
the  ice,  employed  himself  in  repeating  his  series  of  observations 
on  the  dip  of  the  needle,  which  he  found  to  be  99°  39^.12,  differing 
only  three  minutes  and  a  half  from  that  obtained  on  shore  on  the 
28th,  a  few  leujRues  to  the  northward  and  eastward  of  pur  present 
station.  The  m)e  to  which  the  ships  were  now  secured  was  not 
more,  than  six  or  seven  feet  in  thickness,  and  was  covered  with 
innumerable  pools  of  water,  most  of  which  had  communtcaUpft 
with  the  sea,  as  we  could  with  difficulty  obtl^n  any  that  was  su^* 
cicntiy  fresh  for  drinking.  In  many  parts,  indeed,  there  were 
large  holes  through  which  the  sea  was  visible,  and  thje  under  suvr 
face  was  much  decayed  and  honey-combed,  being  neariy  in  that 
state  which  the  Greenland  sailors«call  **  rotten.'^  Some  of  the  offi- 
cers amuned  themselves  in  skating  on  the  pools,  all  of  which  were 
luiTd  frozen  on  the  surface ;  and  the  men  in  sliding,  foot4>all,  and 
other  games.  By  putting  some  drag-nets  and  oyster<*dredg98over« 
board,  and  suffering  them  to  drag  alcmg  the  ground  as  the  ship 
drifted  with  the  ice,  we  obtained  a  few  specimens  of  marine  in-> 
sects. 

in  the  evening  a  quantity  of  loose  ice  drifted  down  near  the 
ships;  and,  to  avoid. being  beset,, we  made  sail  towardii  the  island^ 
onr  soundings  being  from  thirty-five  to  seventeen  fathoms:  we 
were  soon  under  the  necessity  of  again  anchoring  ^to  a  floe,  fill  the 
weather  should  clear,  being  in  twenty^one  fathoms,  at  the  dbtance 
of  three  miles  from  the  land. 

The  weather  cleared  a  little  at  intervals,  but  not  enou^  to  ena- 
ble us  to  proceed  till  nine  A.M.  on  the  31st,  when  we  case  off 
from  the  ice,  with  a  very  light  air  from  the  northward.  We  oo* 
casionally  caught  a  glimpse  of  the  land  through  the  heavy  fog- 
banks,  with  which  the  horizon  was  covered,  whi^h  was  sufficient 
to  give  us  an  idea  of  the  true  direction  in  which  we  ought  to  steer. 
Soon  after  noon  we  were  once  more  enveloped  in  fog,  which,  how* 
ever,  was  not  so  thick  as  to  prevent  our  having  recourse  to  a  iieir 
fxpedient  for  steering  the  ships,  which  circumstances  at  the  time 


n 


tMataift 
and  whH« 
the  land  i 
asterii  of 
Theweat! 
s^cilng  he 
stand  aft, 
by  which 
to  thewei 
the  fieda 
p^ar.  It  is 
ike  other 
wMelt  we 
radieir  daf 
three  f^th 
aider  it  pi 
clear  enou 
proiithiiig 
MHilifedott 
nilihthad 
rith«t  clc 
'Theiri 
aiidtHefc 
the  stmos 
I  ivas  in 
sptungup 
ioustotin 
ed  aU  saH 
clMnplying 
wieiy  the  n 
the  sfatj^s 
zcekmfXh] 
thisqlsesti 
thrott^tl 
Wind  bein 
In  stan< 
v^ter  to  c 
graduidly 
to  believe 
h^d  acqui 
approa^ii 
pot\«9ceii 
ed  up,  we 
of  land  w 
tktdistan 
colistdere< 
along  the 


nitiilfilly  tnf^fi^ikiBt^  otir  iftlnds.  Before  the  fog  re-commenced, 
tM  whHlr  we  w<ii%  tf^lltilf  on  the  Course  which  by  the  hoarings  of 
the  Vatd  We  IcneW  (6  be  the  rig|it  one,  the  Griper  was  exactly 
astern  of  the  tteclft.  at  the  distance  of  about  a  quarter  of  a^mile. 
The  wqither  being  fattunttdy  &6t  ao  thick  ai  to  prevent  our  still 
s^^lng  iter  ^  t^it  disttmee>  the  qiuirter-master  Was  directed  to 
stand  aft,  near  the  taiFrait  tod  to  keep  her  constantly  astern  of  us, 
by  which  means  we  conitrived  to  stiver  a  tolerably  straight  course 
to  the  Westward.  The  Griper,  on  the  other  hand,  naturally  kept 
the  ttecfai  ri||ht  a-head;  anid  thus,  Ko#ever  ridltulous  it  may  ap- 
p^,  Hi  is,  nevertheless,  true,  that  we  steered  one  ship  entirely  by 
th)r  other  for  a  distance  of  ten  miles  out  of  sixteen  and  a  htSS^ 
whkh  we  sailed  bef#eeh  one  and  eleven  P.M.  It  then  becaml 
rather  da^,  and  the  Water  hating  shoaled  from  fifty  to  twenty- 
three  fiithoms  somewhat  m6re  suddenly  than  usual,  I  did  not  con- 
sider it  prudent  to  run  any  farther  t^Il  it  should  become  light  and 
clear  enough  to  see  ar6utad  us,  as  It  was  prbbiable  that  we  were  ap- 
i%)«6hitig  land  of  #hieh  we  had  no  knowledge.  We  therefore 
niUled  our  #ind  to  the  S.S.E.,  on  the  larboard  tack,  and  at  mid- 
night had  deepened  th6  water  to  fifty.two  fathoms,  being  among 
rilhdr  tl6ae«*  sailing  ice.*' 

The  irihd  died  away  on  the  nioraing  of  the  1st  of  Septeitr«jer, 
samA  the  tog  W*  attcceeded  by  snow  and  sleet,  which  stil!  rend.tTr4 
the  iktmoswi^r^  ^EtreWily  thick.  At  a  quarter  befytt  in-^  A  ,M, 
I  wai  informed  by  the  oiEcer  of  the  watch  ^at  a  breeze  5iacl 
sprung  up^  smd  that  there  was  irtty  little  ice  near  the  ships.  \ns- 
ieuste  tiike  advantage  of  ihese  favourable  circumstances  >  di.*ect* 
ed  an  si^  fo  be  iHtade  to  the  westward:  there  was  no  i^r^cvdty  in 
complying  With  the  first  part  of  this  order,  but  to  ascertain  which 
Wty  tm  wind  was  blowing,  and  tb  which  quarter  of  the  horizon 
tkc^  8hi|^s  head  was  to  be  directed,  was  a  matter  of  no  such  easy 
aceimiplblmwnt;  nor  could  we  devise  any  means  of  determining 
this  q^stllih  tin  five  o'clock,  when  we  obtained  a  sight  of  the  sun 
through  th«  fog,  and  were  thus  enabled  to  shape  our  covse,  the 
Wind  bein^  moderate  from  the  northward. 

In  standing  to  the  southward,  %e  had  gradually  deepened  the 
water  to  one  hundred  and  five  fathoms,  and  our  soundings  now  as 
gradually  decreased  as  we  stood  to  the  westward,  giving  us  reason 
to  believe,  as  on  the  preceding  night,  and  from  the  experience  we 
hp<d  acquired  of  the  navigation  among  these  islands,  that  we  were 
approaching  laud  in  that  direction.  In  this  supposition  we  were 
jiot  ii?ceived,  for,  at  half-past  eight,  the  fog  having  suddenly  clear- 
ed up,  we  found  ourselves  within  four  or  five  miles  of  a  low  point 
of  land  which  was  named  after  Mr.  Griffiths,  and  which,  being  at 
the  distance  of  six  or  ^evein  leagues  from  Byam  Martin  Island,  we 
considered  to  be  part  of  ianother  of  the  same  group.  We  sailed 
along  the  shore  at  the  distance  of  two  to  four  miles  in  aS.W.b.W. 

I 


I        \ 


\ 


/     -- 


w* 


I      / 


direction^  and  having  dropped  a  boat  to  obtain  obaervations  upon 
the  ice,  withoat  heaving^to  for  that  purpose,  we  found  ourselves  to 
be,  at  nopn,  in  latitude  74°  59'  35",  and  longitudev  by  chrono- 
meters, 106*  07'  36".  This  land  very  much  resembied,  in  height 
and  general  character,  the  other  islands  which  we  hiid  lately  pass? 
ed,  being  in  most  parts  of  a  brownish  colour,  among  whiSh  we 
also  imagined  a  little  ^een  to  be  here  aUd  there  discernible.  We 
had  some  small  rain  m  the  afternoon^  which  was  succeeded  by 
snow  towards  midnight.  •*>,  : 

At  one  A.M.  on  the  2d,  a  star  was  seen,  being  the  first  that  had 
been  visible  to  us  for  more  than  two  months.  The  fog  came  on 
again  this  morning,  which,  together  with  the  lightness  of  the  wind 
preventing  the  ships  getting  sufficieUt  way  to  keep  them  under  com- 
mand, occasioned  them  some  of  the  heaviest  blows  which  they 
had  yet  received  d^iring  the  voyage,  although  the  ice  was  generally 
so  loose  and  broken  as  to  have  allowed  an  easy  passage  with  a 
moderate  and  leading  wind.  As  none  of^the  piiices  near  us  were 
large  enough  for  securing  the  ships  in  the  usual  manner,  we  could 
only  heave-to,  to  windward  of  one  of  the  heaviest  masses,  and 
allow  the  ship  to  drive  with  it  till  some  favourable  change'should 
take  place.  After  lying  for  an  hour  in  this  inactive  and  helpless 
situation,  we  again  made  sail,  the  weather  being  rather  more  clear^ 
which  discovered  to  us  that  the  main  body  of  the  ice  wa»  about 
three  miles  distant  from  the  land,  the  interhnedtate  space  being  very 
thickly  covered  with  loose  pieces,  through  which  our  passage  was 
to  be  sought.  As  we  stood  in  for  the  land  in  the  forenoon,  we 
decreased  our  soundings  uniformly  from  twenty-seven  to  eleven 
fathoms  at  one  and  a  half  or  two  kiailes  from  the  beach,  ^nd  a  boa^ 
which  I  sent  to  sound  in-shore,  found  the  water  to  shoal  very 
regularly  to  six  fathoms  at  about  half  a  mile.  At  this  distance 
from  the  beach,  there  were  many  large  masses  of  ice  aground ; 
and  it  was  here  that  the  method  so  often  resorted  to  in  the  subse- 
quent part  of  th?  voyage,  of  placing  the  ships  between  these  masses 
and  the  land,  in  case  of  the  ice  closing  suddenly  :ap<m  us,  first 
suggested  itself  to  our  minds. 

As  we  were  making  no  way  to^  the  westward,  I  directed  two 
boats  to  be  prepared  from  each  ship,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
the  usual  observations  on  shore,  as  well  as  to  endeavour  to  kill 
deer  ;  and,  at  one  P.M.,  I  left  the  ship,  accompanied  by  a  large 
party  of  officers  and  men,  and  was  soon  after  joined  by  the  Griper's 
boats.  We  landed  on  a  very  flat  sandy  beach,  which  did  not  allow 
the  boats  to  come  nearer  than  their  own  length,  and  we  were  im- 
mediately struck  with  the  general  resemblance  in  the .  character  of 
this  island  to  that  of  Byam  Martin  Island,  which  we  had-  lately 
visited.  The  basis  of  this  land  is  sandstone,  but  we  met  with 
limestone  also,  occurring  in  loose  pieces  on  th^  surface^  and  seve- 
ral lumps  of  coal  were  brought  in  by  the  parties  who  had  traversed 


theiiilant 
successfc 
low  them 
as  well  ai 
those  pla 
there  we 
of  groun< 
the  feedii 
hair  and 
ox  were 
boat  a  na 
from  the 
maux  or 
ffopus,)  y 
which  wi 
tain  Sabi 
a  large  fi 
distance 
Water  m: 
sea.  W 
becQ  inh 
consider 
/The  la 
ahun4r£ 
nonieteri 
151'  30' 
boats  Ian 
to  fall  til 
not  excel 
Lieutena 
none;   a 

rate  of  a 
after  I  ri 
wfard.  ] 
full  and 
ter  one  < 
so  clear, 
half  tide 
chart,  th 
will  be  f 
At  the  t 
and  aboi 
usual  ini 
it,  and  a 
at  half  I 
mean  tit 
hydrogri 


* 


t  n^'Mt'\ 


f 


67 

the  island  in  different  directions.  Our  sportsmen  were  by  no  means 
successful  having^^seen  only  two  deer,  which  were  too  wild  to  al- 
low them  to  get  near  them.  The  dung  of  these  animals»  however, 
as  well  as  that  of  the  musk-ox  was  very  abundant,  especially  in 
those  places  where,  the  moss  was  most  luxuriant ;  every  here  and 
there  we  came  to  a  spot  of  this  kind,  consisting  of  one  or  two  acres 
of  ground  covered  with  a  rich  vegetation,  and  which  was  evidently 
the  feeding  place  ef  those  animals,  there  being  quantities  of  their 
hair  and  wool  lying  scattered  about.  Several  heads  of  the  musk- 
ox  were  picked  up,  und  one  of  the  Hecla's  seamen  brought  to  the 
boat  a  nam^hal's  horn  which  he  found  on  a  hill  more  than  a  mile 
from  the  sea,  and  which  must  have  been  carried  thither  by  Esqui- 
maux or  by  bears  :  three  or  four  brace  of  ptarmigan  (Tetrao  La- 
g-opus^)  were  killed,  and  these  were  the  only  supply  of  this  kind 
which  we  obtained.  Sergeant  Martin  of  the  artillery,  and  Cap- 
tain Sabine's  servant,  brought  down  to  the  beach  several  pieces  of 
a  large  fir-tree,  which  they  found  nearly  buried  in  the  sand,  at  the 
distance  of  three  or  four  hundred  yards  from  the  present  high- 
Water  mark,  and  not  less  than  thirty  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  We  found  no  indication  of  this  part  of  the  island  having 
been  inhabited,  unless  the  narwhaPs  horn,  above  alluded  to,  be 
ccmsidered  as  such. 

The  latitude  of  the  place  of  observation  here,  which  was  within 
a  hundred  yards  of  the  beach,  was  74°  53',  the  long  tude,  by  chro- 
non^ters,  107**  03'  31",  ;\  -nd  the  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle 
151°  30'  03"  easterly.  At  forty  minutes  past  one  P.M.,  when  the 
boats  landed,  the  tide  had  fallen  a  foot  by  the  shore.  It  continued 
tp  fall  till  seven  P.M.,  and  then  rose  again,  the  whole  fall  of  tide 
not  exceedii}g  five  or  five  and  a  h^lf  feet.  At  the  time  we  landed. 
Lieutenant  Beechey  tried  for  a  current  in  the  offing,  but  could  find 
none;  at  half^past  seven,  the  tide  was  setting  E.N.E.,  at  the 
rate  of  a  mile  and  a  half  an  hour;  and,  at  a  quarter  before  ten, 
after  I  returned  on  bo^d,  it  was  still  setting  slowly  to  the  east- 
ward. By  the  above  observations,  the  time  of  high  water,  at  the 
full  and  change  of  the  moon,  seems  to  be  about  three  quarters  af- 
ter one  o^clock.  The  direction  of  the  flood-tide  does  not  appear 
so  clear.  If  it  come  from  the  westward,  there  must  be  a  tide  and 
half  tide;  but  it  seems  more  than  probable,  ou  an  inspection  of  the 
chart,  that  here,  as  on  the  eastern  side  of  Syam  Martin  Island,  it 
will  be  found  to  come  from  the  northward  between  the  islands. 
At  the  top  of  a  hill,  immediately  above  the  place  of  observation, 
and  about  a  mile  from  the  sea,  a  bottle  was  buried,  containing  the 
usual  infot  matioui  A  mound  of  sand  and  stones  was  raised  over 
it,  and  a  boarding-pike  fixed  in  the  middle.  We  returned  on  board 
at  half  past  eight,  and  found  that  Lieutenant  Beechey  had,  in  the 
mean  time,  taken  a  number  of  useful  soundings,  and  made  other 
hydrographical  remarks  for  carrying  on  the  survey  of  the  coast. 


^-     3 


/  M 


I    .'M 


I 


t  \ 


I     ' 


t.r4  - 


( 


The  wind  cpntiaatd jynt  apui  vari«ble  tiU  jiAlf^pMt  sigbt  A*M. 

*  on  the  Sd«  when  a,  breezelvoiK  the  northw^d  sum  AM^re  enabled  uf 
i.  make  some  pirogr«M.  I  ww  the  more  jmxioiia  to  do  eo,  from 
havini;  perceive4  that  the  main  , ice  fai4«  for  the  latt  twcnty!<<-foitr 
houn,  Men  grad|iaUy,  thoufj^  slowly^  eL*)ogon  the  shore,  thereby 
contracting  the  ncArccly  navigable  channe)  in  which  we  were  aail«p 
ing.  The  land  vhich  formed  our  western  extreine  wee  a  low  point, 

.  five  miles  to  th--  'feetward  of  our  place  of  observation  the  pnece- 
ding  day.  antl  the  ice  had  already  approaehed  tltiis  point  so  mu«h, 
that  thert;^  ra^  ct^usiderable;  doubt  whether  ainy  passage  could  be 
found  bevwrrt  f.c-:a.  As  we  neaied  the  point,  we  shoaled  the 
water  raf^hc*^  j^u'rkly,  though  regulm^,  from  thirty  to  seven  far 
thorns ;  but, by  >  : :|  jg  a litUefarther  out,  whieKfort  >:aately  the  ie« 
just  at  that  time  ^uuwed  us  to  do,  ire  avcnded  gett'^ug  into  shoaler 
water,  and  immediately  after  rounding  the  point,  we  inereased  our 
soundings  to  sivceen  and  seventeea  fathoms*  We  bad  scarcely  clear- 
ed the  point,  however^  when  the  wind  failed  us,  and  the  boats  were 
immediately  sent  a-head  to  tow^  but  a  braeze  springing  up  shortly 
after  from  the  westward,  obliged  us  to  have  recourse  to  another 
method  of  gaining  ground  which  we  had  not  hitherto  practisff* : 
this  was  by  using  small  anchors  and  whale-linea  as  warps,  1^  Which 
means  we  made  great  progress,  till,  at  forty  minutes  after  noon, 
we  were  favoured  by  a  fresh  breeze,  which  soon  took  us  into  an 
open  space  of  clear  water  to  the  northward  and  westward.  While 
we  were  thus  empjioyed  on  board,  Mr.  Ross,  after  whom  I  named 
this  point,  had  been  despatc?.>.jed  in  a  boat  to  sQund  in-shore  near  it, 
where  there  were  a  great  muny  large  masses  of  ice  aground,  in 
order  that  we  might  be  pi«pared  to  place  the  ships  in  the  moat  aim 
vantageous  position,  should  the  ice  une?p^ctea^y  close  upon  the 
shore.  Mr.  Ross  reported,  ti^t  he  had  i^^axd  good  depth  of  wa- 
ter in-shore»  the  ice  being  aground  in  fiv«  to  seven  fathoms,  after 
irhich  the  water  shoaled  gradually  towards  the  land*  A  little  to 
the  westward  of  Point  Rosa,  there  was  a  barrier  of  this  kind  of 
ice,  compoted  of  heavy  masses  firmly  fixed  %o  the  ground  at  neaiijr 
rtigular  intervals  for  about  a  mile,  in  a  dlrectipn  parallel  to  thio 
beach.  At  ri^ht  angles  to  this,  a  second  tier  pnojetted^  of  the 
same  kind  of  ice,  extending  to  the  shore,  so  that  |he  two  together 
formed  a  most  complete  harbour,  within  which,  I  believe,  a  ship 
might  have  been  placed  in  casc  ot  necessity,  without  much  danger 
from  the  pressure  of  »he  external  floes  of  ice.  It  was  natural  for 
us  to  keep  in  view  the  possibility  of  our  being  obliged  to  pass  the 
ensuing  winter  in  such  a  harbour ;  and,  it  must  be  coafesaed,  that 
the  apparent  practicability  of  fipding  such  tolerable  security  for  the 
ships  as  this  artificial  harbour  afforded,  should  we  fail  in  discover- 
ing a  more  safe  and  regular  anchorage,  added  not  a  little  to  the 
confidence  with  which  our  operations  were  carried  on  during  the 
remainder  of  the  present  season^ 


Th«  li 
Ibrmaa 
wapalar 
northwar 
standing 
deoly  fro 
from  the 
in-shore, 
frr>m  the 
it  from  ei 
extreme^; 
aky  witbc 
tacleno 
ameter  a( 
horizon, 
Umbs;  b 
which  dii 
The  vert 
On  the 
pail,  in  01 
aityof  lyi 
become  ^ 
wght  not 
passage  b 
em  eztrei 
wide  at  tt 
and  atth 
balf-paal 
having  b4 
which  wf 
apprpheo 
the  same 
creased  g 
tacked,  I 
point,  to 
man  intr 
from  the 
we  again 
the  dista 
We  then 
tion,  till, 
aeveral t 
being  at 
we  obsei 
ters>  beii 
island, « 
entrance 


^9 

Th#  lt«4  immffliately  to  the  iiorth.we«iwarf1#  Point  Rom 
Ibrms  «  consiiUniUe  buy,  wmt^  after  Mr,  Skene,  off  which  there 
Wipalarge  tpapt  of  dear  water,  where  we  hrl  to  beat  to  thf 
northward  during  the  afternoon,  ai  the  ice  lay  in  that  direction.  In 
atanding  oflr'«nd-<ni,  we  shoaled  thf  water  in  one  pUce  very  and* 
deoly  from  nineteen  to  eleven  fathoms,  at  the  dittanee  of  one  mile' 
from  the  beach.  Having  tacM»  I  aent  Mr.  9uBhnan  to  sou.^ 
tn-shore,  where  a  shoal  was  diitov^red  three  quattcrs  of  a  mile 
fn>m  the  land,  having  three  and  fonr  fathoms  upon  it|  and  within 
it  from  eight  to  thirteen  fathoms.  The  sun-set  of  this  evening  waa 
extremely  beautiful,  the  weather  being  clear  and  firosty,  and  the 
aky  without  a  ckiud.  The  moon  rising  soon  after,  afforded  a  apecf 
tacle  no  less  pleasing,  and  far  more  sublime.  Her  horizonul  di- 
ameter appeared  to  be  very  much  elongated  when  just  above  the 
horizon,  owing  to  the  unequal  refraction  of  the  upper  and  lower 
limbs ;  but  it  measured  33'  20",  being  only  6"  more  than  the  true, 
which  difference  may  have  arisen  from  an  error  in  the  obsenration. 
The  vertical  diameter  measured  SO'  40"« 

On  the  4th,  having  weathered  all  the  ice  round  which  we  had  to 
aaili  in  order  to  proceed  to  the  westward,  we  were  under  the  neces- 
pity  of  lying-to*  off  Skene  Bay,  for  some  hours,  the  weather  having 
become  very  squally  and  unsettled.  With  occasional  fog,  and  the 
intght  not  being  au^ciently  light  to  ascertain  whether  there  was  a 
passage  between  the  ice  and  a  point  of  land  which  forms  the  west- 
ern eztrense  of  the  bay.  On  its  eastern  side  an  inlet,  two  milcf 
wide  at  the  entrance,  was  discovered,  and  named  after  Mr.  Beverly, 
md  at  the  bottom  of  this  we  did  not  see  the  land  all  round.  At 
half;paat  two  A.M.,  we  made  sail  to  the  westward,  the  Griper 
having  been  directed  by  sigpial  to  extend  her  distance ;  a  precaution 
which  1^8  always  adopted  in  cases  where  shoal-water  was  tp  be 
apprphanded,  in  order  to  avoid  the  risk  of  both  ships  grounding  at 
the  same  time^  As  we  approached  the  point,  the  soundings  de- 
creased gradually  from  thirty  to  seven  fathoms,  in  which  depth  I 
l^idliedt  and  despatched  Mr.  Palmer  in  a  boat  to  sound  round  the 
point,  to  which  I  gave  the  name  of  Cape  Palmer,  after  the  gentle- 
man intrusted  with  this  service.  Having  been  informed  by  signal 
^om  the  boat,  that  no  less  than  six  fathoms'  water  had  been  found, 
we  again  tacked,  and  soon  after  rounded  the  point  in  that  depth,  at 
the  distance  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile  from  a  low  sandy  beach. 
We  then  ran  several  miles  along  the  shore  without  much  obstruc- 
tion, till  the  wind,  backing  to  the  north-west,  obliged  us  to  make 
several  tacks  between  the  ice  and  the  land,  the  navigable  channel 
being  at  this  time  between  three  ar  ^  four  miles  wide.  At  noon 
we  observed,  in  ,  atude  74,'  54'  W\  the  longitude,  by  chronome> 
|Nu^,  beins  lOS^"  Ji'  v^",  at  wh'icii  tiiiie  we  were  off  a  low,  sandy 
island,  wbfcfe  wa  n  r^ed  m^v  Mn  Dealy,  and  which  lies  near  the 
entrance  into  &  i*    ;<  'n^M^  to  which  the  nam?  of  Bridport  Inlet 


WM  given,  frOis  regard  t6  the  memory  of  the  late  Lord  Bridpoit. 
This  inlet  ruoit  a  cbmiderable  distance  to  the  northward,  and 
seemed  to  aflbrd  good  shelter  for  ships  j  but^  as  we  had  no  otiprtif> 
nity  of  examining  it  in  our  boats,  I  am  unabte  to  state  any  further 
particulars  resi>ecting  it.  The  land  to  the  westn^ard  of  it,  of  which 
the  moat  coilspicuous  part  is  a  remarkable  bluff  heftd-land>js  roueh 
higher  than  that  about  Skene  Bay;  and  we  ceased  to  obtain  any 
soundings  with  the  hand-leads  after  we  had  passed  the  entrance  of 
9ridport  Inlet.  At  a  quarter-past  nine  P.M.,  we  had  the  satis*- 
faction  of  crotsing  the  meridian  of  110*  west  from  Greenwich,  in 
the  latitude  of  74*  44'  TO"  i  by  which  His  Majesty's  ships,  under 
my  orde^,  became  entitled  to,  the  sum  of  five  thousand  pounds, 
oeing  the  reward  offered  by  the  King's  order  in  council,  grounded 
on  a  late  Act  of  Parliament,  to  such  of  His  Majesty's  subjects  aa 
might  succeed  in  penetrating  thus  far  to  the  westward  within  the 
Arctic  Circle.  In  order  to  commemorate  the  success  which  had 
hitherto  attended  our  exertions,  the  bluflf  headland,  which  we  had 
just  passed,  was  subsequently  called  by  the  men  Bounty  Cape ;  by 
which  name  I  have,  therefore,  distinguished  it  on  the  chart.    - 

As  w^  stood  to  the  west#ard,  we  found  the  extreme  of  the  land 
in  that  diredtidn  to  be  a  low  point,  %hich  was  named  after  Samuel 
Heamej  the  well  known  AaKerican  traveller,  and  to  the  nortfii«asait- 
ward  of  wtiilsh  ia  a  bay  oitetesiderable  extent,  which  was  per^ectiNr 
free  frola  ice.  We  continued  our  courle  lowarda  Cajpe  Hearne  m. 
midnight,  when,  the  weadier  bein^  too  dark  to  run  any  longer  with 
safety,  the  ships  were  hove-to  with  their  headls  to  the  eastward. 
One  black  whale  was  seen,  in  the  course  of  thi^  day's  navif^tion, 
off  Bridport  Inlet;  anc  some  flbcks  of  snow-buntings  were  flying 
about  tk?  ship  at  night. 

At  a  quarter  before  three  A.M.,  on  the  5ti),  we  tacked,  and 
stood  to  the  westward,  with  the  hope  of  getting  past  Cajle  KeirOfr, 
the  wind  being  moderate  from  the  northward,  and  the  wether 
thick  with  snow ;  and,  shortly  after,  we  shoaled  the  water  quiek^ 
from  twenty-five  to  thirteen,  and' then  to  nine,  fathoms.  Wetadeed 
in  the  latter  depth,  believihg  that  we  were  approaching  a  shoal, 
especially  as  we  were  near  some  heavy  ice,  which,  having  a  ttde** 
mark  tipon  it,  appeared  to  be  aground.  We  afterwards  fountf^ 
however,  that  we  had  at  this  time  been  actually  within  three  cA* 
four  hundred  yards  of  Cape  Hearne,  which  is  so  surrounded  by 
heavy  ice  at  a  sufficient  distance  from  the  shore,  that  it  would  per- 
haps be  difficult  to  run  a  ship  aground  upon  it.  The  error  into 
which  we  were  here  led,  as  to  our  oitotance  from  the  beadi,  arose 
from  the  extreme  difficuliy  of  distinguishing,  even  in  broad  d#^ 
fight,  be. ween  the  ice  and  the  land,  when  the  latter  is  low  and 
shelving,  and  completely  covered  #ith  sno^ ;  by  the  uniform 
whitenete  of  which,  they  are  so  completely  blended,  as  to  deceive 
the  best  eye.    Indeed,  I  kndw  no  circutttatance  in  the  navigatioB 


n 

9I  Uicie  teas  which  renders  more  necessary  a  vi^lint  look-oat^ 
1^  a  car«ful  attention  to  the  hancl4c|i49  than  the  de^ption  to 
which  I  here  allude,  '      ; .,    ...  ^  *  -        ?    ^ 

t  Having  stood  a^ain  to  the  westward^  to,  take  •  nearer  ?|f;ir  o^ 
the  ice,  wo  perceived  that  it  lay  quite  close  in  with,  Cape  jH^f/Mnae* 
notwithstanding  the  fresh  northerly  wind  whicK  for  the  last  thtiity* 
six  hours,  had  been  blowing  from  the  shore,.an4  wh)^|l  ha^dlifteil 
the  ice  some  distance  to  the  southward,  in  ev«iT^o<|her  part  of  tktt 
coast  along  which  we  had  lately  been  sailing.  ThiscircHOisttence 
struck  us  very  forcibly  at  the  timet  as  an  e]|tn^r4ipiiy  Ai^}  and 
it  was  a  general  remark  amon^;.  us,  that  the  icf),mu8t  either' he 
aground  in  shoal-water^  or  that  it  but^d  againatdjiiag^thing  t»  thil 
southward,  which  prevented  its  moying  in  that  direction.  Appeal^-' 
smces  being  thus  discouraging,  nothing  remained  to  be  done  but  to 
stand  off-and-on  near  the  point,  and  carefully  to  watch  for  any  open- 
ing that  might  occur. 

After  divine  service  had  been  performed,  I  assemUed  the  offi- 
cers, seamenKand  marines  of  the  Hecla,  and  announced  to  thein^ 
officially,  that  their  exertions  had  so  far  been  crpwned  with  aui^-^ 
cess,  as  to  entitle  them  to  the  first  pri^  in  the  s^ale  of  rewards^ 
grfinted  by  His  Majesty's  order  in  council  ahnvcfmentioniid*  I 
took  this  opportuniQr  of  impressing  upon  the  inUioi|,  of :  the,  meo 
ttae  necessity  of  the  most  strenuous  exertions  duripg  the  short  re- 
mainder of  the  present  season  ;  assuring  them  tmM»  if  we  could 
penetrate  a  few  degrees  fi».rther  to  the  westward,  before  the  ships 
were  laid  up  for  the  winter,  I  had  little  doubt  of  our  accomplish- 
ing the  object  of  our  enterprise  before  the  close  of  the  next  aeasoh. 
I  also  addressed  a  letter  to  l.ieutcnant  Liddon,  to  the  same  ef- 
fect, and  directed  a  small  addition  to  be  made  to  the  usual  allow- 
ance of  meat,  and  some  beer  to  be  served,  as  a  Sunday's  dinner, 
on  thift  occasion. 

The  wind  increasing  to  a  fresh  ^e  from  the^  northward  in  the 
afteenpon,.  and  the  ice  still  continumg  to.  oppose  an  impenetrate 
barrijt^r  to  our  further  progress*  I  determined  to  beat  up  10  tha 
northern  shore  af  the  bay,  and,  if  a  tolerable  roadstead  could  be 
found,  to  drop  our  anchors  tiU  some  change  should  take  place« 
iPhis  was  accordingly  done  at  three  P.M.,  in  seven  fathoms'  wa- 
1^,  the  bottom  being  exec  Ilent  holding-^ound,  composed  of  mud 
and  sand,  from  which  the  lead  could  with  difficulty  be  extricated. 
When  we  veered  to  half  a  cable,  we  had  ten  fathoms'  water  undeii 
the  Ifecla's  stem,  our  distance  from  the  northern  shore  being  abpui 
a  mile  and.a  half.  Thh  roadstead,  which  I  called  the  Bay  Of.  the 
Hecla  and  Griper,  affords  very  secure  shelter  with  the  wind  from 
E.N.E.,  round  by  north,  to  S.W.,  and  We  found  it  more  Jree  Dram 
Ice  ^haa  any  other  part  of  the  southern  coast  of  die  island. 

vl  had  great  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  qi|r  havings,  anchored  the 
a|^  f^the  wind  shortl^after  blew  a  bard  ^de  from  the  nordiward^ 


I    • 


[M 


1 1 

i 


m) 


■■  ■^«%:  "^-i^-  ■ 


m- 


72 


In  the  ev««i»g  1  stnt  Ciplaln  Sabine  ttod  Mestn.  Edward*  and 
Ntaa  on  thora  to  examine  the  country,  and  to  collect  apecimeaa  of 
its  natural  productions  ;  they  returned  at  ten  P«  M.,  havinv  landed 
On  a  low  point  a  little  to  the  westward  of  the  ships,  whieh  they 
found  to  he  a  vary  barren  and  unproductive  spot ;  several  flocks 
of  ducks  were  seen,  and  some  gUucoos  guUs  Mid  tern  {  the  dung 
and  footftracka  of  the  deer  and  musk-ox  were  also  obserred  in 
many  nlaces ;  and  some  addition  was  made  by  our  gentlemen  to 
our  collection  of  marine  insects.  The  rocks  are  composed  en- 
tarefy  of  sandstotte,  i;ittt  a  few  small  pietes  of  granite,  flint,  and 
coal,  were  alio  among  the  specimens  brought  on  board.  This 
ifeland,  o|i  which  our  boats  had  now  landed  for  the  second  time, 
and  whkh  is  much  the  largest  of  the  group  we  had  lately  disco- 
vered, I  honoured  with  the  name  of  Melville  Island,  ttfter 
Viscount  Melville,  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

The  bay  of  the  Hecla  and  Griper  was  the  first  spot  where  we 
had  dropped  atichor  tin^  leaviug  the  coast  of  Norfdik ;  a  cir- 
cumstance which  was  tetmimd  thn  ii^ore  striking  to  us  at  the  mo<^ 
ment,  as  it  appeared  to  mark,  m  a  veiy  decided  manner,  the  com- 
plecion  of  one  stage  of  our  vovage.  The  ensigns  and  pendants 
were  hoiste^  aa  soon  as  we  had  anchored,  and  it  created  in  ua  no 
*:>.■  ^inuy  fcelinga  of  pleasure  to  see  the  British  flag  waving,  for 
'^  tts$  time,  in  ^ese  regions,  which  had  hitherto  been  considiered. 
id  the  limita  of  the  habitable  part  of  the  world. 


kl 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Further  eaeamwaiUm  of  MeMUt  liriiiiuI-^Cimtiiiiuitioii  tff  our  pNi* 
greu  to  iho  Wutwora^lang  detenHon  by  tftt.  iee-^Pmig  geni  aw 
More  to  bmit  Deer  aad  Muih-iOxn^-^Behum  in  three  daiUf  ^Ur 
losing  their  tooy-^tfiiane^  on  their  aeeouid^Proeeed  to  Me  Weet* 
'tpard,  tUlJinaUjf  stopped  by  the  iee—*in  returning  to  the  Eastwari 
the  Chiper forced  on  the  beach  bp  the  ice--<8earchf9rt  amd  fUtcovenf 
e^  a  fFittter  Mirbour  on  JdeMtte  tdand-^Operations  far  teeming 
the  Shipe  in  their  fFinter  lluarters. 

AS  the  wind  still  continued  to  iblow  strong  from  the  ^H- 
ward  on  the  morning  of  the  6th,  without  any  appearance  o  \^ 
iog  a  passage  for  us  past  Cape  Heame,  I  took  the  opportuiaty  of 
sending  idi  our  boats, from  both  ships  at  eight  A.M.,  to  bting  o&: 
Ixwr4  a  quantity  of  raopa-peat  which  our  gentlemen  reporited  hav- 
ini;  £»una  near  a  bbmiU  lake  at  no  great  distaoca  from  ^e  aaa,  and 


which  I  d 
of  coals. 
site  obser 
and  to  c( 
round  the 
and  whicl 
place  of  o 
ward,  a  si 
Mr.  Fife, 
harbour  w 
Thelat 
our  chron( 
was  found 
It  was  loi 
between  t 
twelve.    I 
strong  fro 
probable,  t 
we  had  n< 
ing.    Nei 
was  buiie 
over  it. 
to  a  great 
'indication 
as  low  as 
The  wi 
ing  at  lei 
Heame,  t1 
returned  i 
bum  tolei 
owing  to  I 
be  found; 
company 
lent  is  tin 
as  strengt 
We  then 
o'clock,  t 
thorns  of 
point.    T 
ward  bor 
clear  wat 
possible, 
shore,  no 
by  the  h 
rounding 
to  the  eai 
shore,  an 


which  I  directed  to  be  iwbttitutcd  for  ptrt  of  our  uiual  allowancv 
of  coals.  Captain  Sabine  also  went  on  shore  to  make  the  reqai> 
site  observations^  and  several  of  the  officers  of  both  ships  to  sport, 
and  to  collect  specimens  of  natural  history.  The  boat;  ow«f| 
round  the  point  on. which  they  had  landed  the  preceding  mg, 
and  which  Captain  Sabine  noir  selected  as  the  most  c<  ucnt 
place  of  observation  {  and  discovered  just  beyond  it  to  the  north« 
ward,  a  small  harbour,  having  a  bar  at  its  entrance,  upooi  which 
Mr.  Fife,  the  Greenland  master  of  the  Griper,  after  whom  th^ 
harbour  was  named,  found  ten  feet  water  at  nearly  low  tide. 

The  latitude  of  the  point  is  74'  46'  56",  and  its  longitude,  by 
our  chronometers^  1 1</  ^'  59".  The  dip  of  the  magnetic  needle 
was  found  to  be  88"  29'.91,  and  the  variation  136*  17'  18"  Easterly. 
It  was  low  water  by  the  shore  at  half-past  nine,  and  it  had  risen 
between  two  and  three  feet  when  the  boats  came  away  at  half-pi^t 
twelve.  During  this  time  the  ships  were  tending  to  a  tide  coming 
strong  from  the  eastward;  from  which  direction  it  is  therefore 
probable,  that  the  flood-tide  runs  on  this  part  of  the  coast,  though 
we  had  no  satisfactory  opportunity  of  trying  its  true  set  in  the  off- 
ing. Near  the  point  where  the  observations  were  made,  a  botUe 
was  buried,  containg  a  paper  as  usual,  and  a  pile  of  stones  raised 
over  it.  The  weather  was  this  day  unusually  cold  to  the  feelings, 
to  a  greater  degree  even  than  might  have  been  expected  from  the 
'indication  of  the  thermometer,  which,  for  d^e  ^fpt  time,  had  beeiK 
as  low  as  25°.  ,  k') 

;.  The  wind  beginning  to  n^oderate  soon  after  noon,  and  there  ba- 
ing  at  length  some  appeannce  of  motion  in  the  ice  near  Cape 
Hearne,  the  boats  were  immediately  recalled  from  the  shore^  ai»d 
returned  at  two*  P.M.,  bringing  some  peat,  which  was  found  to 
bum  tolerably,  but  a  smaller  quantilrthan  I  had  hoped  to  procure, 
owing  to  a  misunderstanding  as  to  the  distance  at  which  it  was  to 
be  found  from  the  sea.  At  half-past  two,  as  soon  wi  thie  ship's 
company  had  dined,  wt  began  to  heave  at  the  cable,  but  so  excel- 
lent is  the  holding  ground,  that  it  required  all  the  purchase  as  well 
as  atrengUi  we  coUld  apply,  to  start  the  anchor  by  half-past  four. 
We  then  made  sail  for  Cape  Hearne,  which  we  rounded  at  six 
o^clock,  having  no  soundings  with  from  seventeen  to  twenty  fa- 
thoms of  line,  at  the  distance  of  a  mile  smd  a  quarter  from  the 
point.  The  extreme  of  the  land  which  now  appeared  to  the  west- 
ward bore  about  S.W.b.W.,  and  there  was  a  sufficient  space  of 
clear  water  along  the  shore  to  allow  us  to  steer  for  it.  It  was  imr 
possible,  however,  not  to  remark  to  how  short  a  distance  from  the 
shore,  not  exceeding  three  or  four  miles,  the  ice  had  been  drifted 
by  the  late  stroa^  gales.  We  had  observed,  however,  that,  in 
rounding  Cape  Heavne  this  evening,  the  wind  had  drawn  gradually 
to  the  eastward  as  we  proceeded,  taking  nearly  the  direction  of  the 
shore,  and  we  were  willing  to  hope  that  it  had  been  blowing  from 


f  p 


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n 

the  same  quittter,  while  >Nrt  were  fyiflg  at  iiididr  in  th«  bay  i  in 
which  case  it  wa«  not  heeetMiir  to  8iip|yi>s^  4n jr  iriieh  sertbtis  olif- 
struction  td  the  sbuthward  as  mat  to  whieh  wtt  hid  at  first  beite 
bclhird  to' attribute  theie  ttnfiivottnrfite  af)plK«th«^ 

I  was  be^tting  oliice  more  to  bdtilj^  itt^die  flatting  hopits, 
of  whith  often-re|>eated  disappoinlMentafcanndliItt%ihherdeprtvt 
us,  ilrh<(ri  1  perceived,  frbm  tne  crow's-nest,  a  ^on^pftct  bbdy  6f  ice, 
fejcteikding  completely  in  to  the  ihore  near  the  point  whkh  fbrlned 
the  Western  extreme.  We  rail  suffidcftttfy  ciMe,  t6  be  assured  that 
Ho  passajie  to  th<!  westward  cbiiM  at  prii^m  be  efleSt^d,  the  flofes 
Being  literally  updii  the  b^ach.  and  not-a  dtott  0f  -deaf  water  being 
VisiUe  beyond  theiii.  rthetkWdered  thiiiM|i  to  be  ihadiis  ftsfto 
illoe;  l>eihg  in  eighty  fat^iMJIils^  waler,  1^  |liSe  distance  6f  toixt  or 
^ve  miles  firotn 'the helith.  The  seiieifhiiirtfdw  solar  advanced, 
iWtb'makfi  it  absdutely  necessary  to  iecute  the  shifes  every  night 
fi*^  teil  tilt  two  o*cloek,  the  weather  being  tod  darlrduring^^thit 
hlbt^lil^  allow  6f  oiif  keeping  utid^r- way  In  such  n  nili^igatfoo  as 
ttfU,  depriv«id  as  #e  were  of  the  use  of  the  tolnpaAses.  BuVhow- 
evcr  ihxiouB  the  hours  of  darkness  must  necessarily  be  under  sufch 
tit^antltaricei,  the  ezperiehcf<i  of  the  former  Voyaj^  had  given  ds 
lii^ery  reaten  to  beK^vie,  that  the  thonth  of  BeptethMr  would  prov^t: 
tiiftf 'inost  valuable  period  of  the  year  fol-  prosicutihgour  discdVi^ 
riis  ill  these  regldiiii  oh  aciebnnt'df  the^sea'^^beiiig  more  cleiir  {it>iii 
i^  a^  this  time  tli^  ii  aifj^  Cith^i'.  Feelt^ftK^refbre,  as  i  did,  a 
strong  conviction,  that  the  ultimate  accomplishment  of  bur  bbjeitt 
iflfiist  ttt^l^clid,  in  a  grMit  ih<$iltir«i,  oti  th«  further  prbgress  we  should 
uSidi^  fhis' season,  I  d«i«fllliliiiil  tty extend  bt|!' ofte^cibns  to  the 
iiti>stp«Msibl«  period. 

<i^?  tK^  Wt«id' having  beM  fiftish  from  the  north-east,  during  the 
iK^t;  We  W«rt  on  the  mbrt^if  ihi  fth^  ^nclbiedi  fblrk  time  by  a 
^antity  oMoose'ice  driftrn|(>do#n  Hipon  us.  ^o  ehangfe  ^buld  b^ 
f«td«ived  hi  th^  stat^  of  ;thfc  Ibe  to  the  wesMeAM  t)U  <;««  P;M4 
^heh  it ap|(>eaf^d  tb be  moVingWlittkdr th^  pblbt;  Wm iSiisPi^m 
if^tj^HH  »h\pS bbt,  and  made  siiit with  i  Hiht  bii^ iUfvou^fe 
miiki^A^  eight  F.M.,  hb^ever,  havm^  ayH#|a  at  the  >bint,  ^ 
fiii^ing  ho  fSniimge  open,  we  made  the  ihijps  list  in  i'llrge  baV  ma 
fibe,  in  siattl^ve  fathomi,  it  the  distinct  of  iilkile  and  a  half  ^^ 
A6  shore,  fiiettt  Lieutenant  B^etcheV  JMi  short  td'lbbk  i^tihdfi^ 
#t  hilb  Ibf  b^n  water  tb  the  Wesnrard;  ii  %cll  ai  to  soiiild 
#buhd  some  heairy  massies  of  ice  whitrh  were  abound'  in>shore, 
liad  witMn  which  it  would  perha)is  becbinie  tstpediMktto  secure  tiie 
iltlpi  in  (iHMe^bf  hecessity.  Hje  reported  bnlitB  tvlijiiili,  at  ten  F.M., 
^at  nb  tlear  witer  Whatever ^uldb<baeehsih»h|^th«  land*  the  i^e 
llieiii|[^orti|>act,  and  close  ii6  to  the  shore,  as  fir  ift  a  bold  headland 
4htthni^#filirm#d  the  Western  fbctretne  dT  d^  Istailldi  ahd  ^hidi 
niras  friiKih  Ibur  tb  five  leiigii^s  distant  fVoih'tnir  *tti  ^e  agrtmnd 
lt(4h€9*e  Witt  irery  ^Ibsa  to  the  beach,  #hi^h  Wif  l^fi^^)^  $i^ 


^•iiLiSiK-Hi»&#»tl44»*&i^^ 


m 

sonndingt  in  the  dBng  Mictfesd.  Lieutemmt  B««G)it)r  found, 
hnirevor,  a  depth  of  from  twdive  to  four  fathoms  within  mtpy  of 
tho  naaaet ;  hnt  aa  there  waa  Uttib  a<r  no  room  to  awing  i|i|luil 
them,  I  prefeived  keafHttg  the  ahipa  m  their  prea«nt  sitiiMiont  wl^ 
tl^  ice  tamaincad  (j^at.  I  «taa  the  more  iodaced  to  do  lo  from  the  t 
boldocas  of  the<h«»ch,  and  the  depth  of  the  bay  fonned  by  th«  lloa 
to  which  we  w^te  noW/  secnred^  which  circumftancea  teemed  m^ 
render  it  nH>ra  tlwn  probable^  th«t  the  latter  woiild  ti^e  the  gfound 
>  long  beCn*  tha  iliip«  could  come  in^contact  w^th  it«  Wt  ¥^W  ^ 
day^for  thefirat  time,  a  herdof  dght  or  nine  animaUy  leading  ne«r 
the  beach,  which,  from^eir^v^l:  colour,  wm  i»o{Hpo*|d  t<Pi:hf( 
imiiA<<ixen  &  end  tlw  officer*  of  the  Griper  killed  twQ  n^hite  hiM^ 
(LepUM  fariuiHU^,)  The  *«  young"  or  •«  bay*' ice  formed  during^^ 
the  night  in  alt  the  sheltered  place*  abou^  the  ftoe,  and  pafllcuhMr}|F 
in  the  bight  in  which  we  were  lying,  to  the  Sickness  qi  three* 
quarter*  of  an  inch}  and  the  pools  upon  the  floe  wei;e  now  aloptoat 
entifely  scdid,  .i^rdin^  the  officers  ^nd  meP)  during  the  time  <^ 
ottf  unavoidable  detention,  the  usual  healthy  amuseinents  of  sImm* 
tiiw and  sliding.  .,:^ 

.On  the  upcoming  of  the  Sth*  there  being  no  nrpapect  ol  «py  imp 
mediate  aUeration  in  the  ice,  I  directed  the  boata  to  be  aenton 
shore  from  both  ships,  to  endeavour  to  pirocure  some  g^e,.a%^i^ 
as  to  examine  the  pnnluctionaof  this  part  of  the  island^.  .Qugolog 
to  tho  |nMit*^«<lt  shortly  after  the  boata  had  t^endeepftcm^jl^ 
found  that  the  bight  of  ice  in  which  the  ships  were  lying^w^a.Ulp 
one  floe^  but  formed  by  the  dqee  junction  of  two^M>;  thai  our  jlituaio 
ticm  was  by  no.  means  so  secure  as,I  had  supposed  i  for  |d^  bight 
was  so  far  from  being  a  protection  to  us,  in  caee  of  the  ice  dri^i|^ 
on  shore,  that  it  ireuld  probably  be  the  means,*^  *«  nipping"  iw^l^ 
tween Icefloes  which  formed  it*  ,  |th»refoi^detern||ne4on  iniailttv 
diately  removing  the  ships  in-shore,  and  went  in  a  bpat  to  look  oisi^ 
fox-  a  place  for  Qiat  puipoae,  there  being  no  alternative,  between 
this;  and  our  returning  some  distance,  tp,  the  (eastward, ,  inio^  th^ 
larger  space  of  ^ear  water  whichw^  l^th^rf  kftbehifid  us.  A 
found  that  n  heavy  piece  of  ice  aground  'n  twelve  fathoms,  pt  4n» 
distance  of  ^ureehu|idrBd  yards  from  tn<^  beach,  ^nM  #«it  ou|: 
fiurpose  for  the  ]pi^laf«  find  imothei^  inien  fathom**  •^UnewMKrin^ 
riiore,  waa  aelecM  ^  the  Gripar.^  These  maaipa!  wf  i«  nom; 
tnpenty  to  thir^  fe«t  above  the  teai  and, e^chabo^^K^^  length, q| 
the  res^otive  slype.  The  beach  in  thiav  neigl^ikoiirbood  was  s^ 
lined  with  ice  of  thi|  l^ind^  that  it  would  not  have  been  easy  for^§ 
ship  to  have  gone  nn  ahorseinany  part*  thei»>eii|g  genei^  fr<im 
%ir  to  seven  ladiOaia  oi^thjt.ou|i'ide  of  it,  while  ^e  tnufBr  pt^w 
each  mess  was  literally  upq^  Uie  beach  at  low  winter.  Some  o|  tl|e 
^ji^hed  massee,  at  n  llt#  dif^nce  from  the  ,^ore,  miiat  JfiT^ 
^jMMimuleted  very,  considerably  since  the^  grounded,  or  else  must 
hnpl  been  forced  up  info  their  present  situMibnaby  aneneirmotts 


:\ 


'  .1 


:; 


mi 


ll 


priiMiine  froiTillrithdttf  {  M  MflM^of^hoie  iwwjqjrMttd  in  four  oi^ 
fiipe  fichom*  #ottld  havt  dMim  At  iMtf  teiirlf  wtcflmt  again*.  r^<i 

At  feiir  P;Af .,  ilie  weather  ikeing  ({nitt  tialat^  tlie  shipa  wefi'* 
tMwd  in*thor»  by  the  b«Ma,  and  made  f«ar  i»  ibajiiacea  telecMrf- 
for  thenu    Our  partiet  fihom  the  riheve  rManitdfritli  a  while  harei 
•ivdhd  fine  ptatmigMM,  a  few  MMHr4>iMitlngs,  smm  ekaUsof  the 
mnekHi^t  md  Mvenil  relo-deeve*  hanw ;  hut  che3r<  were  not/foitu^ 
nite  en»ugh  to  nwef  with  either  of  the  tiro  iattef  animaU.    l%e 
iehmdie  heit,  as  intfae  oihe»]Mrts«iiirhlch  w#|iid  hudedypiinci- 
fifty  <S0in|<bscd  6f  aiandirtoher;  «f  »whieh  iMNne  spbetlad  oodulet,  one 
of  thienhat  iMPge  i*  «  binei^nnder  shot,  were  bvonnht  onbdard^ 
Sti^nid  Ininps  of  eoelfWhidiwrn  hc«e  nM3«wab»wdattf  than  wo^hadi 
yiet  folind  iti  were  also  piciced  upy  and  were  found  to  hutn  Willi  «> 
dyariitefy'flann,  Uhe  eahnet  eoal,b«t  widiootiplittlbg-and'aac)^ 
lhig::«iifthii  saine  oMunier..'- '•  '  '       *    ■  ■■■j:.n>. 

snpatienl  and  anxious  as  we  were  to  make  the  most  of  the  shMt 
rftnumnler  of  the  present  season^  our  mortificiafioii  may  be  easily  be 
imi^inedatperceiiidng;  on  th^  mining  of:^elM»,^not  only  dMt 
the  ice  was  as  close  aai  everto  the  westward,  but  that  die  iOes  in- 
onr  immediitite  neighbourhood  were  sensibly  approaebing^die  shore. 
As  there  wa*  no  chancii,  therefore,  of  our  bemg  enablra  toaiovtoy 
I  sent  nparty^on  shore  at  day  light  to  coUeet  what  emd  ihey  conld 
fipdy  ftttd  In  the  coorseof  die  day  neaity  two-tMrds  of  a^uAMl«b«<%; 
iag!  aibottt  ei|ttaL  to  the  Hecla's  dailty  eKpenditace*  waa  brooglMt  ohn^ 
boird»  Qnr  ^rartimen^  who  were  ont  (&t  sevend'  hiiitii«»  could 
oniy-^jproevRwoa  ft 'hare,  and*  fvw  dueks.'- '^ ' ' 

!fN:«^  WM  Ught  li^  And  n«!cst«raTd»  wiilit 

fti|M^#midMivt^ieli^^^^^^  sueiietdfed  1^  tnow^  and  ili*^ 

|t«  iSfm^iiMd^radttally  to  close  ^m  the  8ho#e  ^  lit  Isngdi  ft  id*' 
came^in^oonintet  with<  our  b^,  but  wlth^soMtdi  violeiiee  as^^^^ 
diii^|M«telisibl«  effect  «lpoi^lti  .Tlw  loose  and  hcftii^^ktces  oIIm' 
i^tm&i^nmmf  in^  nnd«ifrrottnded4he  H^dft  onaH  siaiBs^liiii  pnoi'' 
diied  tio  presture  frodt  which  any  danger  tem  to  be  apprehoiided, 
considirii%  our  present  detendoh  so  tuear  th<6  Mkore  a  goodofilmt'^ 
tunity  for  observing^the  time  agid  rise  of  thtf  tides^  1  (Jiriised^a'polo^ 
cp>b«  fia»d^  d»^vbeaeh  for  this  purpoaofc^  by  whi6h4t  was  foMd  to 
beil^  witerftt  halffalk^foor  in  di^mofe<nhi||t^{  aii4  the  tidoidibc^ 
ti^  half  past  teat    FiioM  thisv^mo 'till  three  iiaanen  aftir^fbur 
BiM^ i i»h«hlt  was  agsln  high  wiiier^ «hc  fide 4had  iHMtt «iro  §m 
eif hifittehes ;  sojthatfSmallas'this^eliv  it  seems  to  bs  «ofy  re-^ 
giMr.    The  direction  of  the  stvejlm  of  ittod  wi^,  as  usual,  not  so 
caiy'^  disiai^inev  Wt  I  shall  gtte  the  fM 
Hm  tiane  of  low  water  by  the  sWe^^utd  l^ip  aft  holi^  ftttd^  quttRiet^ 

*l^#wwitor  nmemore  ihpplmrWitMQ^^  maoes  dfiec  roigtiilt  be' 

tipfsMkefTiKfeirere  |ri«i7i  in  (£#&^<#^ll|fi|>diite^l^  irliieh  tail^«d  <%  eti 


\miWk 


btfoire  il  took  pkwevtk*  canrent  wm  setting  to  the  eaatwpnH  at  the 
rate  of-thrM  quanert  of  a  mUe  per  hovur.  It  CQathiaei^i*  raik 
liRiaibrthe  girtaiev  fMCof  dfeaday,  hoc  te  ti«Ms  it  wav^^baemd 
t»  set  in  the  oppoutodiMctiflai^Ma  now  anil  ilien  no  cnfemilttHiat- 
ever  was  peveepiible^  FroneifthlCiUelevefrP^M.  it  wa»i»ulHU9^ 
strong  to  the  westward,  after  which  it  stopped,  and  Adn  bs^psin 
«et  me  icetiteceatrapf  wy*  I  haver  been  1fai»ininiitoiinfllentkm* 
ingthe  ilbow«particalars,  not  witl^a  hopevfi  tlim#iBg,aiQy  ligMl 
,  itpon  the  interesting  c|tteatio«  of^  Um  direction  of  tfaetidesnn  m 
II  jlart  of  the  Fofav  Sea,  hot  to  shew  h^m  impoesiUe  it  it,  iKcb  the 
hnd  dose  to  us  on  one  side,  and  on  Uie  other  lnnunM«aht»  miUM 
of  fee  in  alMoH  constant  motion,  to  arnve  at  ray  satisfiH^toyf  «#!!» 
ehinioo'-onthit-siitigeeti'' '  -        ,., -.i  .vv-:/(v<i 

^l  it^as  nairfy  calm  GO  the  toth^  with  thick  snowf  w«athfir,whleh 
pKvented  our  seeing  to  any-  great  distance  round 'us*  >  At  fifb 
At^M.,  a  flo«  <K>ttiing  fi^om  the  wtotwnvd,  ran  i^ini|t<  tho  btrjg, 
ultMn  whidi  the  Heda  was  still  secured,^  tumkig  it  ipund  na  on  a 
pl«ot.  This  GceuTvci!!d6  is  not  anumi— auum  one  in  XKairi*^  Sttidt^ 
tfidibergi  of  ipery  large  siacy  when*  the  cOntve  put  «l  theuctf^ 
Ijtppent  to<  be  tuMw  me  grounds  Wa  weve  lyythis  tiaaoio  sur* 
rounded  by  ieethat  no  dekr  water  was  to  baseen,esoept<tliesmi^ 
pootin^^  which  we  lay  ;  and  nil  that  obiild  be  dOoty  uttderaaoh  cir^ 
enmsttiiicea,  was  to  watch  thevtotifi^^ji^he  icb^and  to  be-iead^  to 
s}i<ft4l^«hi^vt{fiici|y  rouad  tbtt  bei|[^  acoc^diatf  as  ^he  4o«l4  byisetu 
ti%on0wagroFthemher,imgbt  en&ii^;erhttrbeitt|^«*  idp^ 
iihe afternoon  ^  ice  skurkeiied  a4i«ilotiett  uii«  wlMntiii^^^^^ 
was  made  to  get  the  Heck  into  a  more  secure,  birth  i»<i^MMfi  i  but* 
afterheavittgi »  hewry  stiiiiit  oeidHiionally  for  aen^efal  hmtii^  we 
«inld  onfyiaoc^e^  b«lsre  dark  inigitting  her  into  nsaMlHtodk 
near  the^beaoh,^  in  ipiiicii,if;no  ycvy  «ialeiit  prewuraioecai»ed>  ibcr 
atightbe  tolcil^fy^^^eewe  doiriiigithe'  ni^  A  pafty  fetomed  in 
tlNt^nQini^^i»maahootiOg»eie^ifdQKto>itl»  itettnnci^jr  twinge 
liig  trikb'  tlneiit  «qihF  ihMe  hi^resv  aOdre^epdog  that  the  «««  w«i  eui- 
tlre^«oya»dti|yi  ice  as  far  aa  Uicy  «oiiid  se«>  to  thovwesawatd 

''^lilB^^^'Fishir  ns^e  im  eiq>eriaifiit  on-  the  i^eific  gravity  c#» 
1^0  of  ice^'tal^O  ft«>m  th&^ns«a>to  whieh^^t^ 
m^  foroMd  MiiO  w  oti^»  #hoae«li^  onue  faot  three  In^ 

dMw  «i^  alutff-  and  tftt  to  Aoat^  d^>l«a,  4woi  ltsd»^ 
^UffKem  of  it^hilMilneid  above^thi  anrfitiet^  the  tatotffiJN^iyO  of  the 
w•ler>i^tho«ttaieb«ing'3l^  -  ';■.•  ^^r;.  ■■■::.,. 

'  ^thellth^lltoei  theslSpl^ 

i$^Mr.  Bli8hi«Mi,.^h0to«l  deiip«tcM«td«ir4%hirto  the  westortt 
ieipe,:  reported,  on  ttia  iMtitftt4^%rt^  i^iearances  wov  eqnidfyun* 
fHMitthfiiig  in  that  ^^uiurier^  Win  J^my  waa  fertlanate  oaou^  to 
Ip!^  first  musk-oit  t^  ous:  itfibi^iiiien' had  yet  b#en  aMe  to  get 
•ear  t  but,  as  it  was  at  the  distano^e^  eight  or  ten  ihilaa^^povi  uie 


^1 
14 


i 


<■■  .->* 


SI^BH^^' 


n 

■hipt,  our  ^tent  Mtoadoi,  with  regftnl  to  tiM  im,  would  not  aU 
low  daky  Modiag  a  partar  of  m^n  to  Jiriog  tc  on  board.  A  piac* 
of  tKe  Meat  which  Mr.  Oealjr  broug^  with  him  waaconaidaradia 
taato  tolorably  well,  hoi  ita  ameU  waa  by  ao.  aMana  teoaptiag.  Tho 
dip  oC^  tha  ntMgnacic  neadle»  obaarvcd  hen  by  Captain  Sabine  to^ 

The  wind  iaareaaed  to«  Ireah  gate  fimnilui  northward  daring 
tho/niclit,  and  on  the  motning  of  the  Uth  iew  round  to  the 
N*lbf.W«  in  a  very  viotett-rgnat.  Sioon  after  the  iee  began  to  drift 
paic  na  to  the  eaatward,  at  the  rato  of  a  mUe  an  hour,  and  carried 
nvay  with  it  rim  berg  to  whith  the  Hecla  had  been  aitoched  on  tho 
Sthand^  10^  f  ao  diat  wie  conuitered  oocMlvea  fortunate  in. having 
moved  to  our  preacnt  birth^  wtiich  waa  comparatively  a  anfe  eiM!» 
The  Gramr^ffOmained  idao  toknblyraocttre,  and  well  aheltered  ftoit 
th#:df^fimg'ke^  which*  in  the  coarpe  of  the/orenoon«  had  acquini^ 
ed  a.  valOciQr  of  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half  per  hour.  In  the  aftl 
temoon  tho^iee  began  by  degreea  to  drift  frqm  the  ahore  to  thn 
weatward'^f  08,  but  the  wind  blowing  hard.from  the  wrong  quaf> 
ter,  it  waa  impoaaiUe  to  think  of  moving  the  ahipa.  A  conataat 
and  v^[ilant  looJc^awt  waa  aho  oeceaaaij»  leat  the  berg,  to  which 
our  hMraera  were  aecnred  ahould  be  torced  off' the  g^ondi  ia 
which  caae  ira  muat  inavitabjly  have  been  driven  back  manv  milat 
to  the  caatward»  and  <be.  labour  of  the  last  ten  daya  would  havo 
been  loat  ia  a;  few,hoaia.  Tho  nighti  waa  cold;  and  inclementi 
with  a.  heavy  HXi  o^  anowy  wtdch  beia^  blown  among:  the  •Hiltet 
cauafd  great  diifta  in  the  ravinea^^by  which  thia  part  of  the  ialaad 
ia.ioteraei^tedL.  -^ 

>  jl  pnmft^now  menlion  an  occunenco  which  had  tanaadconaiderifi 
bla  aMviMienaionin  oar  imndaiiEHr  die  two  laat  daya^  and  the  Maolt 
of  wmchi  had  needy  p^ved  of  very  aerioua  importance  to  the  fa^ 
ture  i^elfatc  of  the  expedition.  Eaily  on  the  moniin|r  of  the  Itth 
I  recatail  a  note  ftoml4euficaant  Jbiddon^  acquainting  ota,  thali 
at  day-light  tho  pl^edingday,  Mr.  Fiie^  with  a  party  oif  aix  maflv 
had  heen,de^tchedfN«a the  Griper,  with  the  hopa  of  aurpriain| 
aome  rcin-dcer  and  muak«(»en,  whose  tracks  had  beansaan  in n 
ravine  to  th^wtttwiirdo^tlMMup*^  As  they  had  hotyatretttm- 
ed,  in  compUanaa.  i|lidiu.tha  inatmctiona  given  to  Hr.  Fife,  and  had 
on^  been  ;au|n^4  with  «'aaMllquant$tnr  of  proviiiona,  it  wa«  iui> 
tural  to  Apprehend  timt  thefhad^loaf  their  way.  in  purauit  of  gamai 
more  capecialty  aa  tho  ni^t'hadvbean  ti(x>  inatemcnt  for  them  t6 
have  vfuimtarily  ^kpoaed  themaelvea  to  it,  I  tharefo#e  caooiH" 
mended  to  laetttenant.Liddon  toaoM  a  jMirty  in  aearah  of  hte  peo* 
pie,  and  Mcaara^  lleidi  Beverly,  and  Wakamim,  who  immediately 
voluntei^d  dMir  aervicea  on  the  ocaaamOt  were  accordingly  dfC- 
patcbed  for  dbiia.  pui^oae.  SooH  after  their,  departure,  however,  it 
begm  to  siKM|r»  which. rendered  the  ataioaphe#a  ao  ^ureaaMf 
thick,  especially  on  the  hiUa  along  which  they  had  to  travel,.that  thl* 


z::--s^.'.-msm>&s»'it^'- 


m 


piTtf  alib  lost  their  wiy  ih  spite  of  every  preeautioii,  but  fortvh 
siteijr  |ot  siQ;lit  of  bur  Iroeln^  tfter  darlc,  by  whieb  they  were 
dh^ectea  to  the  ships^  and  retiinied  at  ten  b^cloelc,  almbst  la^himited 
irlth  cold  and  fatigue,  without  anv  intelligence  of  the  abtteUWiei; 
*"  At  day-light  iiJiith€  f&llbwing  momm|(  I  sent  Lieutenant  ^^^ 
ner,  with  the  Hecla's  fore-royal-mast  rigged  as  a  flag-staflT,  #hAeh 
hb  erected  off  tf  conspicuous  hill  foUr  orfive  miles  inland*  hbistim 
Upon  it  a  hrt^e  ebsign,  which  might  be  seen  at  a  coiwidcrable  dhi^ 
tence  in  every  tHtiectibb.  This  ejcpedient  occurred  to  u«  iu  n  mofb 
terliln  mode  of  directing  our  abftcnte<is  towards  the  ships  tikitt  Ait 
of  s^htding  but  a  number  of  parties,  which  I  Could  nbt,  ili'lB^nffildli 
Mildcnee^  as  urdl  as  h^nknity,  permit  to  i|^  to  My  great  diltiliiii 
ftdtn  the  ahips  «  but  the  snow  fell  so  thick,  and  the  drifi  Was  iib 
gl^at,  during  the  Whble  of  the  iSthVthitnbadyartage  coiildttClUt 
time  be  expected  from  it,  and  another  night  came  Withouttheaii- 
fclit  party  appearibg.  ^     v      ;  c 

On  the  13th  buT  i]»prehen8ions  on  Jteir  account  had  by  this  time 
increased  to  a  most  j^ainAil  deoree,  and  I  therefore  ordered  toUse 
ftmMHi  under  the  cbkhmand  of  carefiit  officerisv'to  be  prepared  to 
set  bbt  in  search  of  ihem  the  following  Morfiifig.  ThieM  parties 
carried  with  them  a  bumber  of  pikes,  having  small  Cii^jl  iikiiehied 
to  them;  Which  they  were  directed  to  plant  it  regtilar  ibtci^MM, 
and  which  were  intended  tb  answer  the  dobble  purpose  bf  |;tiidlbg 
tfiemiselves  on  their  return,  and  of  dif^cting  the  abiMilt  party, 
shbuld  they  meet  With  them,  to  the  ships..  For  the  DttUli'  piir^bilb 
a  bottle  was  (iked  to  each  pike,  contaibiiig  thmecesiir^  dStbCtibfts 
lor  their  gutdabce,'  aud  acquainting  ihem  thslt  provisibbs  ^tfld  be 
fisund  at  thb  large  flig-^taff  on  this  hill.  Oui^  seifr«hibgparti«l  Ibft 
«he  ships  soon  afie^dtiyfH^ht,the-%lttd  stitt  U^ing  hwdffbMtl^ 
wiistward,  with  ihcessafit  snb#,  m0  i!he  th jfrinokbetcfr  at  JS*.  Thtd 
#eli^er  confinuisd^  without  intermissibta  during  the  day,  and  bdr 
apptdlitasiont  ibr'th^  iifetybf  our  people  were  excited  to  bbtbkt 
alamihig  degrt<6,' When  the  sun  began  to  descend  behind  the  w6M- 
tm  hiUs,  for  the  idiird  time  since  they  hisd  left  the  ship ;  I  #itt 
bot,  therefore,  atttfrnjit  to  detcHbe  tl^e  jo^ul  feelines  we  suddcbly 
«3tperienced,  aUtfSit  Griper^  hbiifing  the  "si^al  appointed,  to  in- 
ftrm  us  that  her  teeb,'br  b  part  of  lhetn,'Wet«  se^en  oft  ^eir  r^bnir« 
Sebn  after  we'  bbscrved  steveb  peHbhs  bbmtng  atbii^  the  hei6lk 
from  the  eastward,  whb  proved  to  bb  Mr.  Nias  and  Ifti  paityi  Willi 
four  out  of  the  iieven  itten  belonginj^  to  thb  Griper.  'Pibfki  the  lat* 
ter,  consisting  of  the  dsrpbral  of  inarines  and  three  scabien,  Wb 
learned  that  they  had  Ibait  their  #ay  Within  a  few  hobrs  after  teifi)^ 
ibg  the  shi]^,  and  had  wandered  about  Wfthoiit  any  thing  tb  Ittide 
mebi  till  about  ten  o'clotck  bb  thb  following  day,  when  titey  des- 
^d  the  large  flagwstaff;at  a  (|reat  dis^ce.  At  this  tim<»  the 
fHiofe^^ pbrQr  weris  together;  biit  bblr,  unfortunately,  sepahite^ 
in  bonse^uence  of  a  diflercncb  of  bpinion  respecting  the  flag*stalif. 


to 


w)iich<Mr*  Fifo  ouMfooktlor^a  mmUmt  0M,tlmVMd  beai  ei«et«d 
iMMwr  dUyt  l»f  fore  M  a^oofidemUc  (U»tiiiice  to  the  •attwud  ol  ooir 
pi^swiil  aitvatioii ;  «nil»  willi  tlwt  imprvHioii,  waUctd  airay  i»(« 
cojitrwjr  4ireetioo,  acconpaiUed  l^y,  two  of  h^t  nea.  The  dthfr 
fonjir^wlKit  had  oow  retunrnd,  (of  whom.two  w«^  already  much 
d«MUtaj|fd«)  dctarmincd  tf»  mike  for  the  <flag^tMI^  When  they 
^fl^irilked  tottie  dutaaee  .fu^dc  '^cf«  enaUed  -to  aeoertaia  what  aft 
1i«!Pfjlia»4i^  thcm^eik|c»iN9uvi>d4i>  overuke  Jfr^  Fifoi  hot  was  too 
Wiahtlati|tie4aDdretiirBff#fDfaii  eowrades.  "I^hey  halted  diiring 
t»fii^0f  tte  ipight,  made  a  aqrt  of  hut  of  .ftoaev^aadtttrf  to  1^ 
mtm^fwrn  Une  irtnther,  and  kindled  »  ttttle  ive  with  fonpowder 
mA:mtn*'i%»  warm  their  h*t%}  they  hid  aever.  ^eenia  fi^timl  «rm|t 
^JMlhfiviiig  Hvcd  upon  raw  groiiae,  of:  wilii«hjhi«y  wife:'0Mi- 
4M  Kl  l^^in^  a  qmmtlqr  tupdent.  for  their  etibeieteiim  >  If|  idie 
jM»qAH  !4mr  cnwe  m«pa  f<^  fmrwurd  towmdai^;  fl^s-etaff«  whi^li 
they  reached  willihi  thre^  or  four  houra  after  Lieutontit'Beech^ 
hudlfll  eomeiiroviai^HMOB  iSm  spot  s  hav^  »eatea  4Kttiie  hresd, 
-Mid  4nM3ikm  Uttte  rum  aiu|«|irater,  a  mtxture  which  they  described 
m  MppfaflQg  ^  them  perfectly  taetelete  and  eUmii^,  thj^  reiiew^^ 
^i^  Joioniey  tdwarde  the  fdiipsi  and  had  not  pfocefdl^d  for  when, 
jlP|wij^taiKlia|^  ttie  s3ow  whidi  was  conttaotly  iiiitia^^  th(^  met 
Willi  ifiiMsmM  iwhich  directed  them  %o  Mr.  Niaa  and  hu  party,  by 
wh^bfOvtlMiy  were^eoiiducted  to  the  ^ip^     '  ^  '  ^ 

/"  M^TheiiM^  they  gave  us  of  Mr.  Fifo  and  his  two  com^miom, 
Wd  4||ili||ialnrve  that  we  should^nd  them,  if  still  Mfing,  at  a  coo- 
^»*»tj><^  d^nne  ;to^t1|^  westward,  and  some  partiea  were  just 
l#(jNf|  40  ailf;|>|i«  ia  that^^^  the  tpoohle  ^d  anxiety 

:i|rhi«|t  tliis»  ^f^iiaim^  w^  us.  wer^ .  |irei^nted  \sy 

iMrlUQ^Ml  of  imo^  tf|tfeai«hing  |Mi^eS|<^;idi  the  informi* 
it^  thai^iiiff  #ifo<«iildth»^i^ 

|^nf^#*>^  m^s  to  the  eaatwai^  Seq^iefEeah  hands, irei* 
impi^iiitely  sent  to  bring  them  in^  anftt^  h<iardat 

teni^J^^iiA^  after  an  absences  of  i^oeQ^>d|ie  homra»  and  hdving^jbee^ 
ei^fiped,  duriiig  three  ;iHght8^t6,^l^inekoieniB||of^|he  fir^t^inntry 
Heather  we  hiul  ejfpeneiMErej^*  Ahnost  the,  |f Mis  of  this  party 
tvere  miichexMttsttt^^l^y  <^bld  ;atid^f  scveiral  of  th^ 

.w«ee,leir«i^)il  frost-bi^B  ^^ith^  ;  bat»  by  die 

slqlland  tnfffMi^itted  attcnj^bo  of  our  jo^f^^  geudeoiNH  they  were 
in  i  f6w  daya  c»ahU4  to  ra^^ 

/Before  midnight  we, had  sj^  greater;  ^^^^  than  ever  tp  be 
thankful  for  the  opportuflne  xi0mtrf  of  (qnir  pesople ;  for  the  wind 
jacrf  Mad  ta  a  hard  gale  a£»<»ut  h«if#{iast  eleven^  at  which^  Hme  the 
thi^Kttometer  had  fslleii  to  15°  $  making  idtogether  so  inclement  a 
j^mt,\ai  It  would  have  hciNi  impossihlefor  them,  in  thicir  already 
d^Uitated  state j  40  have  survived*  In  humble  gratiWde  to  God 
fqx  this  Mgnal  act  of  mc^'cy,  -^^e  distinguished  the  headiaiad  to  the 
irestward  of  the  ships,  by  the  name  of  Cape  Providence. 


«^«)^ttlH 


WM«  prepared  to.  cut  the  ■ho(e  Mwtcr«».by  whic)i^i»«^'|»« 
•iwtM  tii«  Mp»  of  bMi«  mniect  <if  .  Uife  4m>i%  Mng^wNl^^ 
•wed  to  tlii  Un^lwvf  »4lM|ijoCvjiii  whUli.  i^MeiieMl  4odbi#ilB# 
ain^NKi.  mmAmkumH  mmf^  '^ 'fit  •tnmn  Milt 'i«iii.ii£iffiraidt 

ViMiM^Mpib^  nmr  im^  thin 

miMyMidiiJioml^ 
*iM«  ofi  t]M^i»or^  i|^^tlte^>t<»RfiiiQ«MiCfr  M^m^  m 

,  #»r  iiiiMff c«Ji^fl» J^i^^^  fidmiii#%y»Qriii»g4«il 

11^^  ^««pi|Miilbli  v»ft  WM  of  fcofttjtl^iAioie^  io  n#4tii«ii  Ibe 
— ^ —  -ilMr  ^#  ^  wind  ffofliuiiid  mUn^^owPf  mmmm  MUroog 

^^^,A#llil^M»i«T««»P»i  fot  tfe  A»l»t«»o  oCth»aiBfdlOi.iHwEi| 

<^ii^l#|fl»i4,  ot  IM  l^tH,  for  the  l!f||j^iioi|r0ii«A«lK««g^ 

Jkwn^tatiiamga^^a^^m^^^  diiiMlce  <^  f«0.4«?  threo 

l9»ffroi«rit«    AtaoufNTter  fa)ifore|iooa^,«w  ^tn  ^r^tmM  Ctmi 

mm^M^'mmiiiiimmrt  hi^b  iind<t>ol4  io  itg  a^ai^o«t»  inMi 
#50^4  ao^fiioiid  «fter  Mr.  liiiy,  vmm  n4mmyt»tkcMm 

mf^^MmmiW-  At  the j^e  wtOch  we  lelllo  the  joorajosi 
t^;  ice  ,h«d  beeo  %tyfi|  fi^io  the  ehofir  to  the.  c^ti^inipft  of  mm^ 
m$mmUu  but mp, C<lloodra«  we  pr^^eticd, tl^t ilie  choiHielho- 
^liBl^^rMaf^y  s^ro  asi^^  contracted,  tUl  at  len||th,  the  Ice 


^gm 

^P^^ 


m 


# 


I  Wit  ¥toiiMi     If  iiw  M  aif  <Miiiwif  I  jhaitfiiiD,  iia  WwA'ttuli  for  i 

ttttf  rfiWii-winMb  lUfedbr  iMP'iiihf  'iii'iitiiiiiMBiifiiiifi'  liiiKtilMiii^jfli<'MliMl' 

4^  mm  a  |^«iil  Utiaiililar:  of  ^«  liliMl4lBe  hid  biffniiiPill^ 

^dee«i«d ;&r when k^asvpei^emd  thftib^^ ^ce^ in ^Vi^ lliflpr 

^li^liiM^  i|i^  near  p»fi4  Ri^  l^«;^bMitv«4»  HfeMio^l^Iti 
lif&niMf^  ^  iS'\  tmr  kx^gitaae,  by  accdimv  biel%  | t^i^ 
iiudi^  iii  t)M|  jiftenioifm,  etood  ol(M|e  in  to  the  h%^k«d».frhicj^  ,)|i|p 
I^V^.  die ' ^hmd  n, i^ew  chiracietV ^ and  tac|e^  In ^imyf^^m44f^ 
^(«|^  at  tiiMlatfM^of  five  ^^  ^  4>^*%  f^^ 

..i^Nif -«iMt#e^^^toed^'90iiiidi6igsj'  .i9d«ed3l>dfc«|eit:ifvS<i!Mii^ 
ciriln  i^llf  thi  most  of  the  di^^t  in  e:£aciitntn|i<  ihe  a|i|t«/i^ 
tKe  ice  to  the  westward,  that  I  did  not  choose  to  heave>to  for  that 


/ 


m 


'■■m^t-mfm-hmm' 


tn 


1 1 


M 


WHIeU 


The  cufrnvt  ijUdip  for  t^  Hm  two  ilqrt,  had  bftn  wttfic  # 
whra^  iii«fii|;«ii6||ft  lilt  fiMlN^  ij(fl|it'«lil 

l»|#!|ieli  lite  floii  «ttd  mB^^mj^mmmiitU^  mp^St^bt 
iiie«    la  dis  fiouiM  df  !»•  Haitailfa.  1  IkaU  hiH  imiM  oM# 


«l«Mp  to  KlMtflE,  how*  iBifllijlMl^  •fl^  «lM^^\«|Wlnfl^,  tt^ 

iKe^'iB'tlie^PaiarMai..  '-        '^  -  .^.■^-  •  ■%  '^.^^  '.y^^'  '■  . .  ^:j     \ 


'ciii 


pri»tiii»#oiaiSeai  to^dfer  aiiy^ii«|jr  ]M«bli^ 

^  iilil|nr««Hm  ji^  fHfer  titiii»#ai|  thai  il  waii  iMfw 

l|hj(*  caaiid  ^^e'lwi^^  #)iich  haf  H^a  fdit«A 

Jlil^^rtilah  4^  «ai^as  dtapoit^MifK^  <^>«i«M  ht  thai  directioQ, 

lgj4^  it  jiiyi  ]l»i^iv wa^  tiil  m^  driw  Hom  It  S 

«4Mil«^,  that  1%  chrif(  ofto  hirg«  a  b^ 

l|lia  Wes^Hv  ditfi#^il|  in^eat^d  a  tiontideiabla  tpaee  of  opett  tea 
^lKl(|»Htere  In  tittll  guat^ter,  I  #i[t^  dn  ««ety  accouWL  thc^fort, 
^luoi  to  >k#  adta^  of  a  co^raat  i»hl&  wto  itfttiog  o»  ti 
m^imNtit  desti%4  ditictipa,  and,  iiHth  that  vfeir>  had  tooie  to  tns 
#!iiilllin«i$ott  to  aa^er  the  ships  «t>  a#  iniliai^  t^i  6f  ice,  over 
^ibklrw^«oiim  noi  fbe  frotii  Uto;  igiast  haad^  «i4  of  i»Mch  tha 
^ck|t«^iraa  gie^r  than  an^  I  had  iever  before  iceQ  j  by  ^hfch 
— im  We  #ere  in  ho|iiesdf  making  some  p%reit,noiwith8tandiiiff 
imfilt^ottnible  a|){iearaneet  begins  as.  Eni  this  eiihl  be  eflf^tt- 
^hJMver,  It^  #ls  >^^ttdMr^<»  tfaie  mni^  of  the  ice  Was 

i^Oi^  tetdng  tK^^e  we8twa)^dv'^ot^  w^^  also  rapidly  approaching 
**^ahapa ;  so  ^t  it  #hs  impossible  to  addpt  the  pro^sed  me»> 


» 


If- 


"'^**-' 


mitt,  tiMimii  1wni»l%  qb  mm  til  illliM|  «lilM«<l  hmm 
ft  pretMt,  and  tkt  irM  tlMp  mMiiiit  lipWoitt  tli«  wcMlHn^, 


liMinrii  Wifl^  tttlMV'  They  #effe 

cnwTipeFn 

/tWtleirfl^ 
It  ii^eeMltlpiiiiAi^tfftly  til  Ml^ 


ofrvtiifvfitt  to^li 
to  #flii^  ^  Hir 

that  chilli  We  IMA 

'  f  e«iftfftal|f#'a  " 

%t^f6iitMfit 

ilMritiiMitilylitffiifl 

our  p^if nL4^uii#«» 


%il  i^  Wii  ^tttlde'i<>  ipM"  tKe  inietteit  ^IfeSli^tbilki  •»!»•.  -t 

imt  wjM,  ff^  thririil  IM  thtt'lbttiil^l  #i^  i^if  M  lill  dibil 
>ali-«  ill  i^  tINI  Ihlt^  iatidlr  fay,  «l«  


late< 


I  coime*'  HI 


*al  ,  ,     .  .     .    ...,  ,, 

tate  of  i#lel^iid  w^faiiii^  jj>e|  hoii^.    J^^ 
ilMMic  totM  a  R«ie  t€^  slii^;  N£«^  **7dii«%^i^  MMm^^ 
«^  *Vtottg^'lb«^t^t»^ailo«fi  nbti^  kt|MNI^mi^l 

|t^  while  aftlieteil^^inl  It  wiaa miiih  :tii^  «P^  to  imi#  #^ 
bfeiMliauletf  oi^CiMrt^eaifliiQ^i^^     iiitiiiftiliw    ll«*^ 
4aam  body  fltTlie  y^llia  Oitaoltih^ii^^Ui^iNM^^ 
M  in  mdUoil  to#ilnri  Jlie  i^ietit  il  |M^^ii)ie  ii^te 
«r  tiie  fiiips  that  th^  ahbolil  1>|^  in  #^1lMli  ill  Mirwii- 
%Miire^ll^.if  ^x^sibfe,  w^ili  the  |i^  lee  filidvy'lll^Ci^^ 
voir  talker  <iarrvia|r  III  kiti^dl^b^ir  uNrter,  1  dlle«ie4^^lAi^ 
^ipM&rea* itf  the  olily  ni^a  W  ireliniiit  ttkem  i#fi^Mill 
titiialioo  till  the  iiMs  ^oiihl  bie  I'iiii'btrt  ti«W  alii^.    AiNi^i^ 
iP#  iijKl  ao^^d,  a  setond  a(iteifi||t:  #iu  iaadi  to  eflb:t'?#tll§^^ 
With  as  llttle'iiiteeaB  at  before,  liiid  ir<:  Wait  ^^ jrfali^:      "^' 


boata  on  Wo^rd  iamiil,  i^e  yptlii|  i^e  In^^ 

lipri^  froti^  ua  to  tbe  westward.     Al  flie  <lay  id%ilie#li,  1iMti<^ 

thia  i6e  beeanne  gi^diially  thinner  atid  leVs  C(kiili&tt«^i  rii^^nii^, 


41 


.  jitBWWP'^Wtei'.- 


aAlriiiii  oavviiiif  1iNi«ir,  we  fit  Ipotdi  Mc0««did  in 
ymm"^  tlw  beidi,  jby  mmMn$  ^  little  openingt,  •■?«.- 
ttr  Obiorittflht  olpiiM«  tUc  boMtt  tlmMtgh  Aen.  Att  ifct  litods 
#1if^liiow  rtiMlM  «•  bofrd  Hie  BecU  were  occupied  Hk  ^f^^ 
lug  Hie  M^Nw^  »  iiftice  which  we  cevM  »ot  poMiMy  Ntft 
MMttered  ttltiigSi  Mq|h  t»  ptffena,  t>«i  An*  the  ^heetfkhiMa 
aiii  sett  iHihiKteh  the  <<«cen  Ydiioteered  en  Ih^M  OB  V 
etfier  octeel(MM,toiiihl<hecMMtw,  Kaielng«||MigMi,#iai  nudi 
Meolt^,  afccttt  ftMl,  we  iSn  h#iih|g  to  hMl»  *H>]»  «>: 
wwde.  the  bcKh,  when  Hie  ^M  ihiM  to  t^  MO<lH^,«t!^ 
li  ntther  iiplttii  iMri  ahore.  It  wee  qiecrtnNi  1lMi«t  chiii|e  WmmtM 
pi^^ikKC  Ih  the  o»9tioa  of  the  foa,  wMch  eecne<|  to  be  iehcloenif 
#1  nipMly  on  eVeiy  tide,  end  *•  the  bajr-leeltad  now  ae«HT  dliap- 
i#ri^,  It  wtt^e6ejHdered  edvliable  t^  nu^  e«B  upon  t|ie  ihtoe,  eo 
&i«^berei4y  toteke  tdvantete  oiwf  aH«iltlep.thitm|^6ecaiC 
I  leiii  to  Lientenent  I^iddon  to  deekre;  thnt  In  cue  of  die  m  dot- 
hMfiupon  m,  and  bf  Me  l^ditt  uttihle  to  find  n  proper  eecurhy  for 
«»  (Mper  withm  th«  Moiiii|d«d  fee,  he  w^uldnt  onee  run  her  bow 
^^oa  the  e^feil  pert  of  the  bench,  to  ^t  fhf  toee  misht  pefhape, 
^iree  her  up  iirithout  fliuch  dnmnge  1  WVef*  ««  ^»»  be  ittend- 
if#widi  iSikioet  feerteih  dettroctien  tb  the  ^ipe,  ehotddthey  be 
caught  between  the  iBoee  and  the  heavy  matsea  of  ice  with  which 

;  If^die  tM-^MMrw^  had  nnadb  |M,  the  ice  had  epnnleiiely  eor- 
ro«firiMiiiai«oiuchingtlie  httid  t9  the  ieiiatward  aa  wdft  aa  to  the 
tiestwirdmdleaving^a  «l^  a  a^^  poojl  ofopeii  water,ltt  which 
we  were  atliikrt^  ttotiear  abotii  To  the  caatWard,  however,  we 
iil^jpwrcettawln  the  crttw'e  neai,  that  there  waa  atiil  a  eonalde- 
iimm^^9t^^'af^i)^m>^  ^  duly  chance  of  |etthi|iMo 
^'^'  1^ ii«iPto#^  twicbiM  fi»r  any  opening  that  nii(^  occur  hi 


the  ^%M^  iiow  cma^^a  fhrmid^S^ hairier  to  our  eacape  hi 
«niti|l«lpM|i  Ati^tMiatbn$t  l^^li.  it  waa  obaerved  that  a  flue^ 
Mim^kmi4^^p^am^  IP  ©w  pro|^»aa  eaaiward, 

i^«Hi^Nh!lhe  crttrreitt  ii^  iiip^  carrying  ido«g  the  ahbre,  had 
iitypifditef^^fei^  point  of  hmd  hear 

1i4aiSh^i9ho#^r^iiw^^  Weitwad 

ii#ffiRdi  tliiii>#ei^  It  more  dlalinctly,  «4 

fhitfttfd  th«0i|N«^>«^«^w««P^  in  reaiteNSli 

«6i»i^aa4i^i^<#tt  appear  au^i^tt^  for  ooir  purpoM^' 

On  ^p^viihtng  ^  ape*,  we^u^  die  passage  about  three  hu^ 
drrd  yi^  a^  bii*iieen^e  lan^lMid  the  icet  and«a  there  wil 
ab  tiii^c|dic»|ir^l%eration  oTibraoundhiff^  channel,  att  tllo 
^  "Ifng-saili  #^  Inatan^  act  in  both  shma^  and  wcr  paiiMi 
#i'tbe  o^ihght  the  diaaince  of  a  hujidriiid  yltdi  ft«^ 

--JrW»vinpo%s«^ten  fitflSirtin«»^tirii»ri^^  -       . 

It^Wti^  hnpoit^  not'to  consider  ourselvea  forttti^te  ill  htf«lng 
.ci«»i|ied  the  ^nger  tHiteh  hKd  lately  threatened  the  ships  $  hiit 


. 


\ 


86 

another  dUficultjr  now  pfeaented  itself  wbich  we  had  not  antici- 
pated.  This  was  occasioiied  by  findiog  n<Mftfy  the  whole  surface 
Of  that  part  of  the  sea,  which  at  a  distance  Bad  i^>peared  to  ite 
optivcovered  with  a  coatmw  of  young  ice  oCsiifident  thickness 
ta  oiler  aronstderableimpeditiient  to  the  ships,  miienaailinff  with  a 
sm>ng  and^iavoorabMi  brce».  To  give  aonpe  idea  of  the  degree 
of  obv^ction  occasioned  by  this  ice,  whidse  thickness  did  not  ge- 
ii«faUy  exceed  half  an  inch|  it  may  be  sufficient  to  sta^,  that  wiA 
sucha^q<untlty  of  sail  as  wpold  ceruinly  hate  propelled  th«>  Hecb 
six  miles  and  a  half  j^  hocf,  if  ^i^mped^  in  this  way,die  did 
not  ^yenlge  aaore  than  tm  miles,  ifes  remark  must  be  under- 
stood to  ap|»ly  to  ice  of  this  kind,  when  of  a  ^ngle  thickness,  and 
iirthc  state  in  which  it  it  natoriOfyfbrmed  upon  the  surface^  But. 
whenever,  b^  any  presMure  on  etthtr  side,  the  sheet  is  broken,  and 

the  edgM  of  ime  part  Ibrted  under  those  of  another,  causing  thekR 
to  ovefrlareach  other,  the  whole^  thickness  of  the  ice  is  of  ^ui«^ 
augmented,  and  the  impedilnent  to  a  ship  becomes  greater  in  pro* 
portion  to  the  frequency  with  which  ttiis  oecun.  Where  W 
has  t^en  place,  the  i^  behig  too  thick  to  aUow  the  Water  to  be 
seen  dirough  it,  is  distin|ttithed  by  the  whiten^s  of  its  appeal*- 
ance ;  the  white  ice,  therefore,  it  to  be  avoided  in  sailing,  as  muth 
aspossitue.  "         - 

.  "  ™  "y  intention,  as  usual  with  us  of  late,  to  sail  along  tho 
shoretiUi^;  canae  to  any  limd4ce  calculated  toai^rd  shel£rto 
the  ships  during^  the  night.    As  we  ra»  along,  however,  it  was 
soon  perceived  that  die  ihaiii  b<^  of  the  ice.wi  v«#  »pi<Uy  ap- 
Pf(MM:hmg  the  shore,  atthe  iame^^e^tth^  itretMr  tnrtfent  was 
sijUxarrymg^itt  that  directidn  I  die  sl^ps  were  immediately  haided 
in-shoie^tofcid  thel^^  8e<^ty)i^ 
would  jdmit,  but  die  bi^  ice  had  fn  thk  i)laca  be^^o  to  thicken^ 
ed  by  the^contmued  pressure  of  the  flo^  upon  it  from  without, 
tliat  ^e  ships  were  thortly  arrested  in  theil-  progitssi  beififfi^Oiout 
one  nule  dia^nt  fhmt  thi  land.    Every  e»edientt*brtak^lcfe, 
usual  in  such  <^ase8,  was  retorted  to,  without  oikt  beii^  al^  to 
move  the  ships  a  single  foot  a*headi    The  ifie  <kHfiiiit«d  vipidty 
ctesii*  on  the  shore,  fbiting  die  sMps  in  before  it,  andf  bringiiffi 
with  it  to  much  of  die  bay-ice,  that^it  wis  neiedless  ahV  longerS 
emoloy  the  people  in  attempting  tobreidi  i^j  to  iiteltor  teemed 
no#  die  oidy  mode  we  had  left  to  avoid  bethg  drivin  on  shorv,  or, 
%pNt  wwmuch  more  to  he  apprth^ded;  being  fowed  by  die  floes 
against. the  heavy  ice  0A  die  beach.    W«  waited,  th^Kfb|«,  m  at 
seven  P.M.  we  had  shoaled  the  water  gnidsAdly  t6m  tlrent#^mn^ 
tomiie  fathoms,  and  then  drc^ped  the  bower-anchon    Wh^  the 
*^  •*'?'°V*^*'^**^  ^y  die  continued  pitssure  of  J:he  ice,  we  had 
stiH  seven  fadloms  under  the  stehi,  our  distance  fMm  die  beack 
beiMiaboutfortj'' yards.    We  now  seemed  to  have  gdt  rather 
withm  the  dnft  of  the  main  body  of  ice,  which  passed  us  to  the 


wMfirtrd  at  Uie  ratpt  of  two  mU«iaii  Mir  s  bu|,  at  length,  the  point 
el^«  large  field,  iphie^ftad  hitl^aito  not  ap|»ro«thed  the  thote  nearer 
t^  tsaro  or  thraa  himorad  yai^t,  was  ohterved  to  be  rapidly  near- 
\m  IM*  Inini9!%tefy  to  thf  westward  of  the  s|K>t  where  th^ , 
^cla*s  anchpr  ^vlheeii  droppfid,  some  very  hcnvy  ice,  whion,  fdl^ 
distinction's  fabe,  we,cal)ed  a  berg,  projected  froiQ  the  beach  to 
the  distance  of  a  ;i^ip4lfd  V<^  fi^  y^urds.  >  The  ship*  had  ibrtur 
nately  been  lorced  ^  tu^  ice^bne  on  each  side  of  tins  projecting 
point ;  for  ajt>^|^t  F,r|li.  the-  field  citniie  in,  contact  with  it  with  a 
tfeiiieadous.cra^jA^ni'liP'the  anorinf us  frasnients  of  ice  In  the 
mo«t  awfid  and  teir^;  maoner  f  this  seemed  to  break,  in  some 
deioiee,  the  finve  wjil^  which  the  ice  lu^l,  been  driving ;  n  forte 
wbidi  jaay  alai^Mt  be^onsid<M«d  incalcolaUe,  as  we  could  not 
se^  ovef}^  fi^  in  motictt  ^  fpom  oiar  mast-head*  We  were 
a|^idda  tiii|e- withiii'  «^hul|dnd  yard*  1^^  j^  and  had,  there- 
fiMre,  gieat  reason  to  be  tbainhfid  for;  wing  e^  being  carried 
iut9#  situation  in  whijih  no  huiintn  power  or  skill  could  have  saved 
tl^MiM  Arominstanidetiruction.  ;  -■   . 

vAs^the  prfsfure^of  thi^  bajfi^ice  around  the  fhip  continued  to  in- 
ciffse,  she  was  carHed  ,gri4uaUy;ii);  t^i^faids  me  shore,  and  as 
n0M>g  wasnow  to  be  eKp«^|:%|d  fi^lj^i^g^^iven  on  die  b^ach, 
I  ordered  the  rudder  to  be  lifted,  the  vaU  to  <be  furled^  and  the 
to»|9}laut  yacds-  t9'.be  ffady  |^ia^ri|inf.  At  hdf^past  weight 
KM^,  the  J(e<^,had  tailed  iiito  &|ee  fi|thoms  and  a  half,  ab^ut 
f^^n  yarda  ifomf  the  bea^h.  ijle  quMtity  of  bay^ee  which 
wa#  squeezed  Up  ^^een  tlie  ship  an^  tho  ahore  hM  by  this  timo 
bf^9ine>so^jg:^i^<th9t<it  w^uld  e>iily4i^  the  b^ats  and  the  men,: 
the.fonner  of  which;  were  l^ikded  ice.  to  enable  us  to  hoist 

^m  lyPt^  i  It  ^i^ii^  tlus  us^Uli>U<l«»e  of  a  f«nde|! 

to  li^p  ||ie  jih^  pff*  d^  g<)i^^ 
in-?U'y''Pil|». :.'■'•■  '^ .  ./i'--  ■!■■     ''■:>'■' i-  '-  "'  '■■  ■^''<'•' 

,lii|!it^,|iifj|ii^^  into  a^tuatioik 

n$i|i)^ilj|^kar  ifii#ig|il  cpi:;  the  oppmif^  Mdifr  of  the  berg,  by  wht<^ 
st^  ll||  l^f^y  h^^  our<viay.r  We  observed  her  heel^ 

Ofer  yiif^ff  jp^,,!^^  a  very  trifling  pressure 

nias  witll^  Ivr  s^ipeieut  to  produce  this  effect,  litde  apprehension 
m^^|^^rtai«e4  o^^^I^^IK:^^  I  subse^ntly  learned  from 
Wii$(0iii0m^tt&4^^  thf  field  o§  ice  closed  upon  us<r  a 

p(Mnt  (^  >H  M  fa^|Jba>%i^  cfemin,  oable,  by  which  die  an^ 
<lN|l^^waftJ#niid|i|^^  veasoi  cairied  towards  the 

s|k0fl^  JPhe  cibte  could  not 

he  siippod,  and«i^<ll$^t  minutes,  the  ^>ace  betwaen  the  two  hawse- 
h«i|ies  wWcompl6t(|^^u^  through.  The  cablie  psrted-  soon  after,^ 
a|4  the,odier  afK:lWBi^bai9g  lot  go,  brouf^t  die  ship  up  in  time  ^ 
Piei^aut  her  go^og  ^  Awe.  fhe  Ori^  also  lost  one  of  heir 
biita  iipn  this^oGcasi^,  but  waa^  in  sustaining  no  mat^rild 

ii^ury^-       ..-..t -^  .:::-,;/.•.■■. ^^^  :':.,■,,.:.::  :.  .  '..,.:  7.4:      ;^'- 


ty 


i 


^tfMac  P.|f.y  thuJiDe  nii^jt  fkwhwAn4j9^  off  die  Imf^ 

dnrinf  ihe  nifllic.  Tli«r  olkcm  «»d  oMn  w«|i  «m«Ii  |a|lgiM4  m 
tbit  !%'•  ex»nMNM»  «ii4 1 4irectdl  tti«  mm  bfMt  mht  tfUcelli 
«od  iiB  •«tit«llMrfiiiBe  irf;jMn;ienr«4  «icpt|a  ImI  imni* . 

At dty-Ii^follie  19di» tbe i*ld44B« liiA,d#K  •bmik A Jpijic 
frotti  Jhe  kii4jUlf:  iiiilerMKaiv  ipce  bei|^(,  iiMi^tntMr  ^f^: 
pUd  by  ippiiiig|jlg»  Ipoie  %^^  ^^1SJ|: 

iNit»er'MrM.o«6r|jr  i^m  liitb  ItotiMiiiilfiiiQ^  i««  itmpMi^ 

tbe  N^JI.,  «M  1^^^  i» J|f^in:l^oi^^  o^ 

from  tb^  dhotst^    lipid  liCKv  Mio^ri^tM*  «|Mrt(poii'  iii|pbcd}cM^ 
Ijr  dTtl^Jaiki,  th<Hi||b  ikie.  »W4[  wa^^^  to,  ioitJkwc  mv^.mt' 

ft  con^Qt  whi^b  ^iitxid  U19  $i^^.  loilw  mmmmp^^f^^^Smi'^ 
Ihe  projeetinff  poin^  came  very  fl«ir  tlw  %f»<v  ^3<Mn»  #  fbfi^ 
mi^  tbe  lUclft  by  abotit  %  biindM 
«ifht^  ^neof  them  WM  <^b»rrfed  to  W.  m0«|^,^i«ect]f  |i^ 
^bigbt  wbel^^tbe  .Girtow.«j|i^,|r!n».. .>,|i^v.|.l»w'. P^WiJpf  #%i|||^ 
ire  p^reeiv«d  her  to  heel  ao  oiucni  lliil  |mdiMnfc«ott6l  btk^iidUr  • 
milled,  of  herlmviiii;  ben  &ii|^o|l  8|l|p<fj>y  t^icM.,  Pifi^fil* 
BItf  Pabner  round  ^  Imii  tor  |»(|iiire  «]^;«aa  k^  i^tpi^^  i 
yaa  Nbnped  ahj  waa  H?i«?ik?5»  l^ftJ^S^  l|^  op)y  afyfi 
la«^  )iMtor  Oft  ibeguiikt%jf#  %i  we>ati 
'immi.  hee  from  wi^b«ft>  .,,^JiKi^ra:;jp|mi: 
tie;  meaa  tti«ea .  it.;itQiil%.'i«#it '4m^^p^ 
deRt  t^  id<ipt»  ai^,  <|<«i^^|g^lrfef^ap|^ 

posed.  It  the  Gnper  re^tti|ed  bghtemiig  coiia|dei«blyJ^pi  HW 
cQiiI4|>e ^bove  off^  an  Qfaimil^ii  wliicht  ji  htt'^m^MS^ftjiS^ 

4|pf>taibbtmtptb«^iii«t  plas«a£af(^u^ii^^(ppl  i^ 

to  aaarcb  aUbiBda  T9^]^li^§0^t^,S^^^^ 

bec<aaoat*  ^■-.i.--^:\^:...r;y,;:4!^i'H^---  ;v  vr.^^^-'v.  ■■ - 

Shortly  afif?^  our  ]iMMrip|  Etigbmd».l4^^ii#K|^^^^ 
mi£si|ti}i^ly  attaph^  w#  %  scwiara  ,rhattma<a9s$e#yla^ 


to  .pr«|i' 


jtiBe,  «•  CO  ac  iKMc  oanwunuy  co,m«9na;,«^  iQii|i,.Qfuy  fo  aecp  uinHm. 
tbe  i^eat  oi  ^  aummff^    The  „baraaaiii9^oi|;ciiniM4l<i|^«,  boir^nfr, 
wbkb^  bad  attended  1^^  «gi8|tiona  for  ih^i.}!fa$^pmiu^^ 
aa|»lble  obaMe  jM^i<^  bad  Ifitely  taken  |l|ice  m-,  tbe  ^MiMcaplUpN 
of  th^  atoBosphere,  bad  comibiaMed  to  pfoduce  ^am^ua  mteisflioia! 
for  the  ijroipe  i  eo  that  at  thttime  of  ibe  Oripei^a  bejing  dHyea  op 
ahore,  be  was  agun  reduced  to  a  veiy  debiliuted  state,    boll^ 


iecoimt  1  prapotMl  tto  Urn  to  tltov  himwlf  to  be  ranoTed  on 
fcMud  the  HeeU,  notS  iht  Griper  sbould  be  got  afloit  a^Un.  To 
tf»b  prepoMdy  h6wover»  he  vould  l^  no  means  Utteo,  atttiriiig  me, 
that  he  should  h*  the  last  laaa,  instead  of  the  firat,  to  leave  the 
Griper ;  and  he  remamed  seated  against  dw  Uk  side  of  the  deck 
donng  the  olfleater  pfert  of  the  day,  fpving  the  necessary  oiders. 

The  wind  coatlntuni^  strong  from  the  northward,  the  ice  left  the 
shore  very  rapidly  in  *he  afteittoon,  io  that^'  by  one  P.M.,  theiv 
was  once  morea  littiv  clear  water  about  the  ships.  Before  Lleu«> 
tenant  Beeeh^  left  the  6ripcr»  they  had  beite  enabled  to  g^  the 
hand4eaddoWn  on  the  seaieideofthie  vessel,  where  tht^  fonild 
between  fifteen  and  sixteen  feet  Water;  and  asthe  ttde  wltp 
now  rising,  we^  began  to  entem^n  great  hopes  of  her  coming 
off  the  shore  without  difficulty  or  dun^^e.  Soon  after  noon  we 
pererived  that  she  had  righted  considerably,  and  attwo  P.M., 
we  were  informed  by  telegraph  that  she  was  afloat.*'  A  party  6f 
oar  hands  was  seat  on  board  to  assist  in  making  her  snug,  that  she 
■igbtibe  ready  for  moving  Whenever  the  ice  would  permit.  The 
wind  blew  haid  from  the  nonhwird  during  the  aight>  with  A  good 
detf  ofitow;  and  the  tiiermometer  was  at  10|*  atmidtaght.  Thi 
Aurora  BoTeaiu  Was  sden  Mntly  in  die  S.S.W,  qiiarttr  of  the 
heavens.-' '        ■   '^-  '  ■••;,h,r^  -,^  ^'■■■\  .• 

Tile  acfanineed  period  of  dfi  seisoa^  the  nf^Mromisiag  appearanci 
of  die  ic^  to  the  westward,  and  tho  risk  to  the  ships  with  which 
tlie  onvigalioit  had  heM  attended  for  some^days  past,  o^ltutally  led 
me  to  the  eonelttsioo  that,  under  these  ciftumstances,  the  time 
had  wrivedi^iriien  it  became  absdiutely  necessary  to  lode  out  for 
wihler^iiaiters.  Among-  the  circumstances  which  now  rendefed 
this  navigation  more  than  usually  perilous,  ahd  the  hope  of  suc- 
cess proportioaa^  less^  diere  was  none  which  gave  more  reasona- 
ble  ground  for  apprehension  than  the  incredible  rapidity  widi 
wfail^  the  yoilng  tee  fioirmed  upon  tho  surface  of  the  sea,  during 
the  greater  inrt  of  the  ti#4n^*-f«itlr  hours.  It  had  become  evident, 
indeed,  that  it  could  only  be  attributed  to  the  strong  winds  which 
had  latefy  preVuled,  that  the  sea  was  not  at  this  time  permanendy 
frozen  over ;  for,  whenever,  the  wind  blew  less  than  a  giUe^  that 
formation  took  place  immediately,  and  went  6n  with  such  fsto* 
lushing  rapidity,  that  had  the  Weather  continued  calm  for  mora 
thaiifottr-aod  twen^-hours  together,  it  seemed  to  be  extremely 
proMble,  diat  We  must  Iwve  passed  the  winter  in  our  present  <»> 
jMsed  and  insecure  situatioD. 

From  this  and  various  othef  cottsideraiions,  whiclr  the  account 
of  our  bte  proeeeiBi^  will  naturally  suggest,  I  considered  it  a 
du^  incumbent  up«i  me  to  call  for  the  Opinions  of  the  senior  <Mfi* 
om  of  the  expedition^  as  to  the  expediency  of  immediately  sedc- 
iag  n  harbour,  in  which  the  ships  might  securely  lie  during  the 
ensuing  winteri,  The  opinions  of  the  officers  entirely  concuiriag 

M 


■I 


-*!  4 


; 


JO 

with  my  own,  is  to  the  pmpriety  of  imoledialdy  J«f0itlng  to  thU 
meMure,  I  deterinined>  whenever  the  \c9  and  the  weather  would 
allow,  to  run  beck  to  the  bay  of  the  Hecla  and  Griper,  la  which 
neighbourhood  alone  we  had  any  nawm  to  believe  that  a  suitable 
baibour  might  be  foimd. 

It  blew  a  hard  gale  from  the  northward  during  the  ni^t,  by 
which  means  the  foes  were  kept  at  ft«4istance  from  the  land,  and 
the  bay^ce  prevented  from  fbrnhig  under  the  lee  of  it.  The  sea 
to  the  eastward  was  not,  however,  sufficiently  clear,  nor  the  wind 
moderate  enough  diiring  the  21st,  to  allow  us  to  move  the  ships. 
"Hie  land  was  now  almost  entirely  Covered  with  snow,  and,  as  we 
ifterwaids  found,  remained  so  during  the  winter.  A  few  coveys 
of  the  ptarmigan  were  seen  near  the  beach,  during  the  time  that 
We  remained  at  tUs  station.      ; 

At  hidfifiast  two,  on  the  morning  of  the  S2d,  the  might-signal 
WasnKide  to  wei]sh,  and  we  began  to  heave  at  our  cables;  but 
sufch  Was  the  difficulty  of  raising  our  anchor,  and  of  hauling  in  our 
.hfltwseni,  -owing  to  the  stiffness  of  the  ropes  from  frott,  and  the 
'qitanthy  of  ic«  which  had  accumulated  about  them,  thtft  it  was 
five  o'clock  before  the  ships  Were  under  way.  Our  rudder  9I90 
was  so  choked  by  the  ice  which  had  formed  about  it,  that  it  could 
not  be  moved  till  a  boat  had  been  hauled  under  the  stem,  and  the 
ice  beaten  and  cut  away  from  it.  We  ran  dong  tt>  the  eastward 
Without  any  obstruction,  in  a  channel  aboutfivem^s  wide,  till  we 
were  within  four  or  five  mi^s  of  Cape  Heame,  where  the  bay-ice, 
in  unbroken  sheets  of  about  one>4!hird  of  im  inch  in  thickness,  be- 
ganiib  offer  coniiden^le  impediment  to  our  progress*  We  were 
abreast  of  the  point  at  noon,  and  here  our  prospect  waa  m^er  dijS- 
f^uragin^ ;  the  anchorage  in  tiie  bay  was  quite  free  frx»m  any  (^ 
iltriiH!tion»  but  k  space  of  three  or  four  miles  to  the  mnth-eastwi^ 
of  Gape  It^ame,  was  eompletely  covered  witii  bay-ice,  which  made 
it  more  tiian  probable  that  Weshoi^d  altogether,  be  exclu^dfrom 
tiiei^dstead.  We  <iintered  this  ice  under  a  press  of  sai|^  the  wipid 
bbwins^stiviQg  from  the  iibrthward,  and  found  it  to  consist  princi- 
lally  of  that  kind  Whieh,  from  its  appearance,  is  technicidly  called 
•*•  pancake-ice,'V  and  which,  though  it  considerably  retwded  our 
fM'ogress  in  beating  to  windward,  did  not  offer  so  serious  an  imoe- 
oiment  as  we  hid  expected.  At  half-pait.two  P.Mfin  swingmg 
the  main^ti^ail-yard  in  sta3rs,  it  was  unfortunately  carriedi  away 
in  the  dings,  but  this  accident  was  quickly  repaired  by  thi  seidtous 
exertions  of  the  officers  and  men.  As  I  saw  that  the  Griper, 
Hhich  had  dropped  several  miles  astern  in  tiie  course  of  the  day, 
could  not  possibly  reach  the  anchorage  before  dark,  and  beii^p  ap- 
|)irehensive  that  by  a  too  amcious  endeavom*  to  effect  tiitt  object, 
she  might  become  frozen  up  at  sea  during  the  night,  I  made  Lieu- 
tenant Ltddon's  signal  to  secure  his  ship  to  the  sTounded  ice  off 
€ipe  Hearnevw^ich  he  accordingly  did.    Soon  i^er  the  sun  had 


'\^f- 


-t-^i''''yr>\  r- 


A....i 


,'%,.» 


•SSsg.'i"^ 


^.^^■v«<i--^«"v**!<«',i^y_*j;f 


1 


W-r:i- 


91 

Mt,  I  had  reuob  to  ettttrtwn  die  mom  ftpprehention  for  the  HecU ; 
Smt  tlie  young  ice  began*  m  neiiid,  to  form  upon  the  surface  of  the 
mrter,  and  in  an  houur'a  tiookc  offeiwd  so  conudfrable  t  reaislance 
to  th«  ship's  motion,  though  undw  a  press  of  canvas,  and  with  a 
fresh  breeze,  as  ^  make  it  doubtful  for  some  time  whether  pe 
should  reach  the  anchorage*  We  at  length,  however,  struck 
aoundfaigs  with  twentjNuine  fathoms  of  line,  and  at  eight  P.AI.  an- 
chored in  nine  fathoms,  on  a  ipiuddy  botlum,  *  little  to  the  east- 
ward of  our  situation  on  the  5th. 

The  wind  continued  northerly,  witk  «  heavy  fall  of  snow  during 
the  night.  At  half-past  six  A.M.  on  the  23d,  there  beiog  fortu- 
nately so  tittle  bay-ice  that  a  boat  could  easily  puU  through  it,  I 
left  Uie  ship,  accompanied  by  Mr:*  Niaa,  to  ezamiue  Fife's  hiMr- 
bour,  which  had  been  reported  to  me  as  aflfording  good  shelter, 
but  having  a  bar  across  its  entrance.  I  directed  Lieutenant  Bee- 
chey  at  the  same  time  to  get  the  Hecla  under  way,  and  to  anchor 
wherever  I  should  lay  down  a  buoy  for  that  purpose.  My  morti- 
fication may  well  be  iaaagined  at  finding,  on  my  arrival  cm*  Fife's 
harbour^  that  it  was  covered  with  otte  solid  sheet  of  ice  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  in  thickness,  which  had  been  entirely  formedsince  our 
last  visit  to  this  place.  I  landed  on  the  west  side  of  the  harbour, 
andbeingsQonafter  joined  by  a  boat  from  the  Griper,  which  ves- 
sel was  beating  up  from  Cape  Hearne,  I  was  informed  by  Mr. 
Skene,  that  a  second  bay  or  harbour  had  been  seen  by  the  (wicefs 
on  the  former  occasion, «  short  distance  to  the  westward  of  this, 
^e  lost  no  time,  tiierefore,  in  rowing  there,  having  first  lud  down 
n  buoy,  near  which^the  Hecla  was  to  anchor,  and  made  the  ncci^i- 
aary  signal  to  Lieutenaut  Beechey. 

In  going  to  the  westward,  we  |»ssed  a  shoal  an4  open  b|^y,  im- 
mediately adjacent  to  die  harlxmr  which  we  were .  now  ab^t 
to  examine,  and  soon  after  came  to  a  reef  of  rocks,  in  soqnae 
pMtsnMvly  dry,  extending  about  tl»ee<^Qarters  Qf  a  mile  to  the 
«»uthward  of  a  low  point  on  the  south-eastern  side  of  the,  hairbowr. 
On  rounding  the  rm,  on  which  a  quantii^  of  h^vy  ice  was  lying 
aground,  we  found  ihat  a  continuous  floe,  four  or  ftv^  inches  in 
tiiickness^  was  formed  over  the  whole  harbpur,  which,, ^i.  ^very 
crtherrespect»  appeared  t^be  fit  for  our  purpose  {  and  that  it,  would 
ht  necessaiy  to  cut  a  canal  of  two  miles  m  kn{^  through.the  ife, 
ioor<ter  to  get  the  ships  into  a  secure  situation  for  ^e  winter* 
We  scwmded  the  idiannel  into  the  harbpuirfor  about  three-quartfrs 
of  a  mile^by  BB^^ing  holes  in  the  ice  and  dropping  the  lead  through, 
and  fouml  the  depA  from  five  to  six  fathjoms. 

Having  awcttuned  thus  for,  it  remained, for  me  to  sound  |he 
iMur  of  Fife's  harbour,  and  then  to  choose  between  the  two  phuMs. 
I  returned  on  board,  therefore,  for  the  boats'  crew  to  dts^,  and 
then  proceeded  in  execution  of  this  object.  The  entrance  i^to 
Fife's  Iwrbour  is  ejuremely  narrow,  which  enabled  us  the  sopner 


I 


I 


m 


4 


I-.. 


M 


.!■  .i-  .• ..  n^,ii-ifM'inm.ii 


uf^Hmmmt  tk«  vtitr  kipriMticabttkf  «ffftiiltty  tlM^Mft  Imo  it| 
M  w«  fottpd  the  depth  ott  tlM  haf  tirhe  bittif  tirelv*  fiwi  ii  hMi 
fMMMr  Mid  seprhig  tide.  I  morMd  w  btwd  thtfeiwt,  and  dt* 
fenaiMd  w  tiktaig  the  thipt  fowid  the  wef  to  the  euMmt  «f  tht 


iPBHenuMut  harbottr,  ott  tber  felkMring  wemhigi»    A  md 

•f  thflfer  feH  thie  eveniag,  tad  the  yotng  ke  IbraMd  m  til  wrlhM 


The  thlpe  weighed  ct  eix  A.M.  mi  the  ttdlh,  dM  wind  hsinf 
still  at  north,  and  the  weather  modmne  and  ihe^  At  aeet  «i  die 
Hecia  wae  ttoder  aattr  I  went  aOwftd  In*  Imm  to  eoniid,  uA  to 
leieet  ffi«RchoraM  §at  th(>  ehipe.  In  Mimiiig  «•  the  weitwwd  to- 
watdithe  poini4?the  tcei;  we  had  ob  leae  thM  thne  ftithMM  aad 
three  quarben }  aBd>4>3rhee|dnfl«nther«ff'ehi««»  we  Might  half* 
htid  auich  deeper  water,butthe  ^i«d  being  aeant,  it  waa  naiuawiy 
toheej^wdl  to  tb#  northwards  'Near  the  eoBth-weetem  patot  -to 
this  liiihonr  «hei^  is  n  temaikahle  tlock  of  toMdawnw,  aotoewhtt 
reeeinbfing  the  roof  of  a  house,  on  which  the  ehips*  namm  wcv« 
Babs<Nittentfy  eii|;raved  by  Mr.  Fisher.  This  eiiae  ie  wry  eon- 
^icuoiMrin  coming  froas  the  etotward^  ind  when  kept  open  to  the 
toiithwatdof  the  grounded  ice  at  theeod  nf  the  reef,  foMni  a  gocMi 
leading  mark  for  the  dunmcl  Hito  the  harbour.  Off  the  tod  nf 
the  reef  the  wnter  deepcued  to  six  Ikdmnw,  and  the  Hechi\  «n- 
cfaor  was  dropped  in  eight  fathoms,  half  a  taiiie  widiin  the  reaf, 
and  chise  totoe  edge  tMtthe  Ice  thttoigh  which  the  canal  WM  to  ha 
c«t.v  The  Griper  arrived  soon  after,  nnd  bjr  half<«iiat  eight  AiM« 
both  'Ships  weto  eecured  in  the  |fraper  fNmtNi  lor  cototicneing 
the  Intended  operational* 

As  soon  as  our  people  had  breahfasted  I  pretoeded  triihm  anwH 
fMtftirof  men«  to  JtotoMl,«nd  to  awriE  widi  htonding-pikto  npon  the 
itor  die  toost  dtreot^hitowl  we  «aiild  fiai  to  the  nucharaige  r  hatr* 
to|^4c|i  Uimatioos  for  every  'other  officer  andman4n  hodi  ahipi 
to  he^itoplQfyed  4n  eeiting  ^  cmal.  This  opentd^n  wm  pto% 
fOHnJad'hy  irtft  nmHcing  mt  twn  paraMel^linee^  disamt  ^m  ea44i 
Other  n  iisde  wore  than  the  breadth  of  die  larger  ship.'  Along 
Mchefthefe  lines  n  cut  was  dien  toide  with  an4«^<«aw,  and  odiera 
UgalK  at  rii^t  «A|^es  to  them,«t  inlervnis  of  ipom  ten  to  titontf 
ieeti  thwsdttiding  thelcn  latea  nmnber  of  «««ctaagu(lto  pieeto^ 
wlddi^  it  wat  again  necessary  to  enbdivide  diagetta%,  to  ordn*  to 
give  rboto  ft«r  their  bsattg^tedont  of  dietaaMd.  On  retnrmng 
fraw  the  npper  ftarl  of  thethartiottr,  where  I  had  mtoked  ^lont  whto 
tfffwtoed  to  bei^bestsitaition  for  o<irwtottVH|Harters»  I  l^wnd 
that  connderable  progress  had  been  toedein  entting  tlis  ennal, 
and  in  ftsiating  the  pieces  ont  of  it.  Tt>  »AieiM(iile  the  hMtor  nart 
of'^Awi  jMcocees,  the  seamen^ who  ere  -«A ways  ^(ind'Of  dohig  thmg* 
hi  tHeh»  own  way,  took  adfttiMage  of  a  ftvsh  northetly  Invwet^bt 
setting  totoebc^s*  sails  vp<irk  the  pieces  Of  tee,  aMeonnWanee  whien 
saved  bodi  lime  andlabour.    This  "part  Of <die  operation,  however. 


JWhKRiM 


f.y 


— ^  II "-IT      •-    \ — "TT   '.iJrr- 


-"-T" 


hf  §»  the  taoil  trmUeeMic,  flriiicindlf  on  uoumm^  tlnr 
auaotitv  of  yoong  iot  whkh  fttmiM  in  the  caml,  mdeipwiallf 
•Mttt  die  eBtriiiee»  where,  MfoNfUB-Mt,  it  had  beeooief'td  thick 
Am  «  pMsege  eoiM  M  toMer  be  foiind  fer  the  dctaehvA'fieece, 
wMiOttt  oootldenMe  trouble  hi  bieekiiig  H.  At  half  pMt  eefea 
F.M^  we  weif^ied  «ur  aochere.  ami  be«ui  to  warp-  ap'  the  canalg 
hot  the  iMMftherly  whid  blew  lo  lireth,  and  the  veof le  w«i«  aovneii 
fttigued,  havtaig  beenahttoiit  coiiMaBtlvat  #6nt  for  ahiebefi  hoiin« 
thM  it  waa  middight  b«ftw«  we  reached  the  let  mhwuioii  of  owr 
first  da/*»  hihour.  Whilte  we  were  tiun  «aipl(nred»  ^rttmit  nhM 
o^eloiBk  i  vivid  ilMh  of  light  wm  oheenred,  cmetlf  like  liohiDiag* 
ThM^  WB>  «t  the  fMM  tUHo^  and  dorittg  tfie  grMitir|iait  of  the 
sight,  a  periaaneat  hrt|ihtnese  in  the  aormeni  quarter  ^  the  ImU 
▼eae^  whmr  was  iimbauljf  occasieaed  by  the  Aurora  BorMdis;  I 
direeted  hidf  a  pouad  of  ittth  meat  |ier  hhmm  to  be  tesoed,  as  an 
esira  attowaaee;  and  this  was  contmoed  daily  tin  die  coaipletioa 
of  our  present  undertaking. 

All  hands  were  again  set  to  work  on  the  morning  of  the  S5th, 
when  it  was  proposed  to  sink  |tbe,||iieccii  of  ice,  as  they  were  cut, 
under  the  floe,  insteadof  floating  them  oiit,  the  latter  mode  having 
now  Iwcome  impracticable  on  account  of  the  lower  part  of  the 
canal,  through  whith  the  ships  had  passed,  being  hard  frozen  dur- 
ing the  nig^t.  To^  effect  this,  it  was  necessary  for  a  certun  num- 
ber of  men  to  stand  upon  one  end  of  the  piece  of  ice  which  it  was 
iainided  to  sink,  whi)e  other  ^Nuliet,  hnuling  at  thik  ipOM  ^apf 
upon  ropes  attadMd  to  the  opposite  end,  drafted  Um  WcnpIc  under 
that  part  of  the  floe  on  which  the  people  Mood.  1%e  oiioers  of 
bath^ahipa  took  tivB  lead  in  this  empioyy  several  of  tlipm  atandihg 
iip  W  tlMir  kneca  'in  water  frequendy  duriaig  the  day«  with  , the 
mftrmosatter  generally  at  if ,  and  never  lugher  than  t6^<^  At rfix 
P.M.  we  began  to  move  the  ships.  The  Griper  wasi«ia4t#wt 
astern  of  the  Hetla,  and  the  two  ships'  companies  being  divided 
on  each  hank  of  die  ^anali'wijdi  ropes  f rom  (he  Hedli^e  gapfWays. 
soon  drew  thei  ships  nlong  to  the  end  of  our  seoond  dayVwotdu  <^, 

This  day,  tte  96thy  being  fitamdi^r  I  ^lould,  on  every  neoounty 
have  been  ^lad  to  make  it  n  di^  of  iraat  M  the  oftcerai  iMsd  men  i 
but  the  rapidity  widi  which  the  ice  incKaaed  in  thickiksa^  in  pro* 
portion  «s  die  general  temperature  of  the  «taM»iAefe  duninishedi 
wiMdd  have  rendered  a  day's  dday  trfl  tanou»'  importance*  l^** 
dered  tlie  work,  therefore,  to  fweontiBUed  at  ^  uaiaid  tioseni 
tlie  morning;  and  aueh  a^M  die  ef^ied  and  dieerful  flMamerin 
which  this  order  waa  compUed  with,  as  Well  an  the  skill,  which  had 
now  been  acquired  in  the  art  of  sawing  md  eiaking  the  ke^  ^Mti 
although  tiw  thenaometer  waa  at  6*  jm  ^the  motping,  )»i>d  rose  no 
higher  than  9*  during^  the  day,  we  had  completed  the  canal  4tiioan« 
hwii^  effected  more  in>4bur  hoars  thin  on  eidier  of  the  tw^  pre- 
eediug  days.    The  whole  length  of  this  canal  was  four  thouiavd 


» 


^n 


ijft'-i. 


i}..--^ 


M 

and  tigli^MCvo  yarda,  or  oMily  two  milM  ndoM-Hilrd,  and  tho 
wrtioft  niclmeM  of  the  ic«  wm  leveo  iacliM. 

At  naif  pMt  one  P.M.  w«  began  to  track  the  thipa  akmg  in  the 
aame  anaaer  aa  before,  and  at  a  qiuuter  patt  three  we  reached 
oar  wialer-quartera  and  hailed  the  event  with  three  loud  and 
hearty  cheera  from  both  ahipa*  conyaaica.    The  ahipa  were  in  five 


a  cableVi  length  horn  the  beach  on  the  mnth- 
weatem  aide  of  the  haiboor,  to  which  I  gave  the  name  of  Winter 
Harbour  I  and  I  called  the  gropp  of  iahmda  which  we  had  disco- 
vered in  the  JPolar  Seat  New  Georgia )  but  having  afterward*  re- 
eoUecfead  dial  thia  mune  i*  already  occupied  in  awnher  part  of  the 
worlds  I  deemed  it  expedient  to  change  it  to  that  of  the  ^orth 
Geori^Ialanda,  in  honour  of  our  gractoua  aover^gis  George 
the  thirds  whoee  whole  reign  had  been  ao  eminently  diatinguiM- 
ed  by  the  eztenaion  and  improvement  of  geographical  and  nautical 
knowledge,  and  for  the  proMcution  of  new  and  unportaat  discove- 
riea  in  both. 


CHAPTER  V. 


FneiKriitm  ftr  $eewriMg  Ihe  Skipt  wd  Storu-^f^  promikHg  good 
tfudert  eUialiReai,  lu^ht  and  jOod^Aamear*  amm^  t/ti  Skipi^  earn- 
jNialM^iMiM^MNCiif  of  a  Theatn,  and  of  the  Abrfft  Ototgia 
Oofl^Mfe— Jlreefion  ^  an  Dteervafarjf  en  Shonh-^Oommeme  our 
IFiNi«r'«  Munmnunii^Stak  oftht  Ttmperainm  ami  vorioKt Jftfeo^ 
ffllimfeaf  Fht»min»-^-^Mi9etllaMon§  Oecmitntttioihe  elate  ^the 
rear  tM«. 

'  ii  AVINO  iio#  reached  the  aution^  where,  in  all  probability, 
we  Were  dmtilied  to  remain  for  at  least  eight  or  nine  months,  dur- 
ing ^r^e  of  which  We^were  nofto  aee  the  face  of  the  sun,  my  at- 
teUtionwaa  immediately,  and  iatiperioualy,  called  to  various  im- 
portaiit  duties';  Ihatiy  of  them  of  a  singular  natore,  such  as  had, 
Im' the  firat  time,  devolved  on  any  officer  in  His  Majesty's  navy, 
and  might  hideed  'be  considered  of  rare  occurrence  m  the  whole 
Miibty  of  navigation.  The'aeeurity  of  the  ships,  and  the  preser- 
^ticik  of  the  vatiooa  stores,  wetv  obiect^  of  immediate  concern. 
A  regofair  ayatcmto  be  Adopted  for  the  maintenance  of  good  order 
IriMl^ctemdiiitasi  as  moat  conducive  to  the  health  of  the  erewa 
duriai;  dm  l«ig,  dark,  and  dreary  winter,  equally  demanded  my 
aitennOB*'^ 

^KMik  moment  wia  lost,  therefore,  in  the  commencement  of  our 
opttadoBs.    The  whole  of  the  maa|i  were  dianmntledf except  the 


\ 


;f,-*--' 


,..»-^-- 


■"■:  ';ir*rr'y'j?s*w  >!<.>»■ »« .- 


k 


9B 


m. 


lowtr  oBCf,  and  tha  Htcto't  main-iopHiiitt,  dM  tatltr  baiaf  kt|li' 
fidded  for  the  ptirpoM  of  occMiooaUy  hoitting  up  the  dbettoaMtey^ 
chi^D,  to  tnr  Uie  effect  of  ttmotpherical  elcctricin.  TIm  loiMr 
yards  were  uuhcd  fore  and  aft  aanidahipe,  at  a  •uSeieol  haiglK.tif 
■iipport  the  plankt  of,  the  hcHiemg  intended  to  be  erected  over^ha^ 
•hipt,  the  lower  enda  of  a^ich  rested  on  the  gonwale  i  and  tkm 
whohi  of  this  frame-work  was  afterwards  roofed  over  widi  a  cloliiyi 
compoaed  of  waddingHctlt*  with  which  wmo^s  are  usually  cover* 
ed ;  and  thua  wasfornaed  a  comfonablie  shelter  from  the  sw^apd 
wiiid.  The  boats,  spars,  running^  rigging*  and  saik,  were  removed 
on  shore,  in  order  to  give  as  much  room  as  poasiUe'on  our  nppar 
deck,>  to  enable  the  people  to  take  exercise  on  board,  whenever  tHo- 
weather  should  be  too  inclement  for  walking  on  shore.  It  was  ^^ 
aolutely^necessary,  also,  for  the  presefvation  of  our  sails  and  rop^ 
aU  of  which  were  hard-frozen,  that  they  ahouldi^be  kept  in  lht$^ 
state  tiU  the  return  of  spring }  for,  as  it  was  now  impoaaibia  to* 
get  them  dried,  4>wing  to  the  constantly  low  tempcmtme  of  dm 
atmosphere,  they  would,  probably,  have  soon  rotted  had  they  bemi 
kept  in  any  part  of  the  ships,  where  the  warmth  woidd  occa^on 
them  to  thaw  i  they  were,  therefore,  placed  with  the  boata  cm 
shore*  and  a  covering  of  canvas  fixed  over  them.  This  coverings 
however,  as  we  afterwards  found,  might  better  have  been  dis- 
pensed with ;  for  as  we  had  not  the  meana of  comtructing arotrf' 
sufficiently  tight  to  keep  out  the  fine  snow  which  foil  dtmagthti 
winter,  it  only  served,  by  the  eddy  windwhid^  itcraatcdyto  aa#» 
the  drift  about  it  greater  {:  and,  I  have  imw  no  ,doid>t«  that,  widt > 
stores  in  the  state  in  which  I  have  described. our  sails  tqr  b^^it 
WQuld  be  better  simfdy  to  lay  them  on  some  spars  to  keep  t^Mn 
off  the  ground*  allowing  the  snow,  to  cover  tbem  as  it  folk  For 
want  of  experience  in  thC8e>iaQatters,  wealsp  took;  a  great  d^  of 
unnebessary  trouble  in  carrying  the  anchors  over  the  is^  to  th|B: 
beach,  with  an  idea  of  securing  the  ships  to  die  shore  at  die  Inrei^* 
ingup  of  the  ice  in  the  spring  i  a  precamicm  for  whi^  there  waa, 
not  the  smallest  occasion,  and  by  which  the  cablea  suflbved  lume- 
cessary  exposure  during  the  winter.  .. 

As  soon  as  the  ships  were  secured  and  housed  over;  my  undi- 
vided attention  was  in  the  next  place  directed  to  the  comfit  of 
the  officers  and  men,  and  to  the  prestn^atimi  (^  that  extraordinaqr 
degree  of  health  which  we  luul  hitherto  enjoM^ed  in  bo^i  shipa^c^., 
A  few  brief  remarks  on  this  subject  by  Mr.  Edwards^  (to  whoaa^ 
skill  and  advice,  as  well  as  humane  and  unren^itting  atleiid<m  t^; 
the  few  sick,  on  all  occasions,  I  am  much  indebted^  I  need  fl»alt% 
no  apology  for  dfering,  in  hia  own  words  ;---*^  On  our  anival  ^ 
our  wii^ter-quarters,  after  a  season  sufficiently  harMsingboUi  tx^ 
officers  and  men,  it  was  pleasiog  to  reflect  on  die  excelUiiit  liidMk 
they  had  experienced  throughout.    On  our  passa^  acrosa  tfca 
Auaniic^  indeed,  a  few  epheanral  '    laplaints*  arismg  from  wei 


•m 


*/.5 


9S 


lower  oBct,  tod  tha  Htcfai't  mMo-iopiiiiMi,  tlM  tatmr  btiag  kti^ 
fidded  for  the  ptirpoM  of  ocoMioMUy  hoitting  up  die  dbctfOOMleM 
cIuiId,  to  tnr  Uie  effect  of  Mnotpherical  elcctrici^.  TIm  ImMr 
yards  were  luhcd  fore  and  aft  anidahipe,  at  a  •uneieol  heiglM  t% 
support  the  planks  of,  the  housing  intended  to  be  etecied  overihlp 
ships,  the  lower  ends  of  Which  rested  on  the  gunwale  t  and  dia» 
whole  of  this  frame-work  was  afterwards  roofed  over  wtdi  a  cloliiyi^ 
compoeed  of  waddingHctlt*  with  which  wmo^s  are  usuaify  eover*: 
ed ;  and  thus  was  formed  a  comfonablie  shelter  from  the  sw^apd 
wiiid.  The  boats,  spars,  running  rigging*  and  sails,  were  removed 
on  shore,  in  order  to  give  as  much  room  as  possiUe'on  our  upper 
deck,>  to  enable  the  people  to  take  exercise  on  board,  whenever  ttiu. 
weather  should  be  too  inclement  for  walking  on  shore.  It  was  ^kmi- 
solutely^nccessary,  also,  for  the  preservation  of  our  sails  and  rop(iS|» 
all  of  which  were  hard-frozen,  that  they  ahottldi.be  kept  in  di^ 
state  till  the  return  of  spring }  for,  as  it  was  now  impossible  to* 
get  them  dried,  4»wing  to  the  constantly  low  temperature  of  die 
atmosphere,  they  would,  probably,  have  soon  rotted  had  they  be«i 
kept  in  any  part  of  the  ships,  where  the  warmth  woidd  ocwa^on 
them  to  thaw  I  they  were,  therefore,  placed  with  the  boata  on 
shore*  and  a  covering  of  canvas  fixed  over  them.  This  coverfng^ 
however,  as  we  afterwards  found,  might  better  have  been  dii- 
pensed  with ;  for  as  we  had  not  the  meana  of  comtrticting  aroof 
eufficiently  tight  to  keep  out  the  fine  snow  which  ftU  dtmagthii 
winter,  it  only  served,  by  the  eddy  windwhic^  it  craated,  to  au|^ 
the  drift  about  it  greater  {and,  I  have  ik»W  no  .doidit«  tlmt,  widt' 
stores  in  the  state  in  which  I  have  described '  our  sidls  to  bi^^it 
would  be  better  simfdy  to  lay  them  on  some  9ftm  to  keep  t^mn 
off  the  ground*  allowing  the  snow,  to  cover  them  as  itfeU.  For 
want  of  experience  in  the8e>iDaatters*;Weals()  took;  a  great  d^  of 
unnecessary  trouble  in  carrying  the  anchors  over  the  ic^  to  thps; 
beach,  with  an  idea  of  securing  the  ships  to  die  shore  at  the  InreaM 
ing  up  of  the  ice  in  the  spring  i  a  precaiui<m  for  whi^h  diere  waa,i 
not  the  smallest  occasion,  and  by  which  the  cablea  suflhved  umie* 
cessary  exposure  during  the  winter.  >. 

As  soon  as  the  ships  were  secured  and  housed  over;  my  uadif< 
vided  attention  was  in  the  next  place  directed  to  the  cemliMt  of 
the  ofiScers  and  men,  and  to  the  presin^aticm  <^  Uiat  extraordinaqr 
degree  of  health  which  we  had  hitherto  enjoM^ed  in  boi^  shipt*., 
A  few  l»rief  remarks  on  this  subject  by  Mr.  Edwards,  (to  wliqi% 
skill  and  advice,  as  well  as  humane  and  unren^itting  attendou  t# 
the  few  sick,  on  all  occasions,  I  am  much  iDdebted^)  I  need  fl»ait% 
no  apology  for  dfering,  in  his  own  words  ;---*^  On  our  anival  'm> 
our  wiuter-quarters,  after  a  season  sufficient  hara^ingb(odl  j^ 
officers  and  men,  it  was  pleasing  to  reflect  on  die  excellent.  heaUli; 
they  had  experienced  throughout.    On  our  passa^  across  the 
Adiniic^  indeed,  a  few  ephemeral  '    liplaints*  arising  firom  wet 


t 


D 


but 


be  SMMMT  wonlnr  of  nodcti  wadf 
Mar  ciffCMf  a  pMiod  of  botirot»  two  omI 
■!«  Modteal  CM*  hoi  bets  oaitmd  cm  lb 


•oiKihla 
oor  onrival  withia 


T^tbiiftto. 


•r  ow  loHriag  Ba|li4t  fwi  wbtoh 
With  ragwi  to  aocidaMty  wo  hod 


tbo  liek  Imc 

■^-  Huw^VOFi  BMIlt  bo 

of  LkoCMMBt  LiMoM,  wbo  bod  tofefod  oolrorofy  from 
catb  of  rhOttontMiii  sbonfy 
bo  had  Aot  yot  noovoora. 

boooa^loM  fortonatoi  o  fitw  iofiii4oo'lr0Oi  ftooi»  ood 
•  bowl  by  guopowdct,  wbieh  bod  aol  jwt  roootrwod,  b«t  wUdi 
pored  aiky  of  itnqpoforf  iaeooveaaoDoey  ooaedtw^ig  oil  tbo  como 
of-  tbia  notuife  wbieh  hod  hitherto  occurred.  Noitho  oUgbtotC 
diepoeMoa  to  econry,  the  diteoeo  OMOt  to  bo  iq^prebeaded  lai- 
der  oof  p«iBiH  cirtninotoncee»  bod  yet  been  ofwwed  bi-oitbor 
ihipi  lo  feeti  the  whole  of  the  oflkere  end  own,  with  the  few  «» 
oepooobobofvo  OMNntieood*  orioht  be  taid  to  czhildt  die  fioeet  oo^ 
poet  of  bofllcb  i  end  it  woe  no  w^  mcifying  to  obeenre,  that  ^tuki 
aptrita  weroin  perfcctuoieoa  with  weir  corporeal  powere ;  ao  that 
it  woe  iwpooiihie  oot  to  coooider  Aem  aa  dEectivc  oo  at  the  cooii* 
nraneeaieiit  of  the  voyage.  Under  dicae  co-^xiadojg  cigeumrtanree, 
ooadtined  widi  the  powerful  prevendvee  with  wmeb  we  were  fiv^. 
niahed»  It  waa  not  unreasoaKble  to  induce  in  a  confident  hope  of 
findlof  oovMdvea  at  the  beginning  of  the  aeatt  teaMm  with  our  muo* 
here  undiariaMied,  and  our  enerma  uidmpaindk"> 

In  order  topvolong  tbia  bealdqr  ataie  of  the  crewatond  to  pro* 
asoto  tbia  oonlort  of  itt«  audi  arfangementa  were  aMdo  lor  dto 
wii^lKdi  anildfynoto  ^  die  lurdia  and  bed^placeat  aa  cieauMtaaaao 
appeared  to  PB^uire ;  and  in  thin  reanectv  oonic  diUJouhlea  weroto 
b«  oveaoooHi  whittb  could  not,  vueniapa^iMivo  been  nnricipBted. 
arrival  in  Winter  HariMur,  when  die 


of  the  atauMphere  bad  fiUan  coosidevaldy  bdow  zero  of 
heit^  wo  Iboiid  diat  the  atmun  from  the'  coppera,  aa  weli  aa  dio 
bresdi  and  othef  vapour  geaeraied  in  the^  inhabited  porta  of  tbo ' 
riitp*  began  to  condenBo  into^dropa  upon  the  ^beama  «mI  dto  aidea, 
to  auch  a  deglpee  n  to  keep  them  constant^  weti  In  codier  to  re* 
move  due  aeiioua  evil,  it  waa  neceaaary  to  adopt  auch  OMiana  lor 
producing  u  aiJkient  warmdi,  combimd  with  due  ventiladou^  jhi 
mi^t  Qttry  of  the  v^Mutff  and  thoa  pevent  ita  aotding  on  nv 
part  of  dMivddp.  Feardsia  purpose  nluge  atone  omen^cMed  win 
caattron^iov  which  all  our  bread  was  baked  during  Jhe  wintNr, 
waaptaced  on  die  niaini4iatcbway, md  the  stovepipe  led  lore  and 
al^  on  one  aide  of  die  kiw«r  deck,  the  Mncdce  being  thua  onnied 
up  tbo^€Brai4iatchwi^«  r  On  die  ^posite  aide  ^  the  deck«  anappn* 
ratua  bad  been  aftoCfaed  to  the  gaUeMrange,  for  conveying  a  c<u> 
rent  of  heated  air  betwewa  decks.  This  apparatus  simply  coasiat- 
ed  of  an  iron  Ik«  or  aiNtlesael  ai|eut  fifteen  inches  aquare,  though 
which  passed  those  pipeoj^^f  two  inches  diamctery  coBuaunicating 


aiil»»irtail>iiwtwi#iir,aBAiiokiMAoftliiSJWtd»«i 
imnim  «U»«r^ilw  fdbjNinie  i  i»  tUt  boa  « ttmuMowi 

|iiK  «H  MMlMdi  aii*  WM(M9wk«»ilM  «iddl«  ptrtof  dw  Immt 
imi    Wln»  »iii jiwi»—ii  ttii<Tt|wtiP><miil»ilMi  tit  >■•■■• 
ill  fiiiM^lM^|li^>«h»tliiw  pipetrlbwB  wM^ 

HM^iSilli  dp  ttovv-pip*  ^  *t  «M«i^  Mnlifc    Wliilf  |M« 

MnMl4«^|W  «Mw, «  ttoin«it  irt  piodoMd  ft  wtrrMii 

4iii^  |hii.»tiwywftlMii,#  tr^  m^ttm  iHn—fti  of  tftvtattMifMt 

iKieoniMlftr  ol*4MfttfJvlM^iiM|klaok^^^  bf 

ihi  »ft9r«  it,«ii|lit  MdMblidfy  bt  ciftltd  to  •  amth  giwiitr  #i- 

tiii  IboMft^Mtihi  iilwiBili»^y«o^  wwiii^t  bin  libra  dM  VM^ 
««ir>«b«0iHiftiMit^M««n^  coMf  i»  still  acfwiMilaiMl^ in  tb*  bt4> 
yjftiM  iiinmlraftHjN»ftft«wqftra4  i>sry  ikiimipgdtitf.  4awiif 
lIlMMMMfiiijployratl  to  imvrat  tbft  k^uriM^  dbctt  ftritiag  frrai 
tbfci|imiwyiiir>»  oce  of  tbe  nett  tActaotit  pe^pt  flit  ft  teveoi 
■Mii  fli  insMloai^iMdl  tft^tbt  biMm  fwarn  tb«  fftliiy,  rad  drop* 
pbtfiiitbin  dgbttraJaohto of  tbt  tebifWUeb  mtvoA  to  iniorcopft 
tflf  otMMpft^MOft  tbt  0pppofO4  oad  ^tevoiii  it  at  bolamfeom  eurliag 
ilaiig. libo  bramii^  anii^rOoaikMiiig  vm.  thrai  \moi^4mif»,  TV^ 
•wotiiifii  «tfptd«lfy  oiilbl  «t  tbo  mm  of  drawkmldl  tb»bo«r. 
iMi^mmktAs lotefy  bteo  i»lbo  hobitof  biotriMf liroHi^tMftOO off 
HtkmA  ttvf^wui  «bkb  eoBtbuodto  botorf fid  iw  ttfortl  vooko 
•i* iiibitl|iiW>fior;Mft of fbooraal ftUomNWo of tplrito.  Wo fewii^ 
ibo^titiil  oriiinp  worn  thi».pga<oio  lo.  ftoaoytaiy  diifiilg  tbo  €ol# 
tumibifr'tbal,  vfthioblo  ii  too  boor  wnot  be  i^ooMdwodftt  «i  aati* 
iOWibifttifr  ibOiMiOfle,  it  was  dctmod  odvitftblo  to  mtcondmio  our 
llPMRilrovtliftt  ftceoottt; »  WUlo  oiklbt»t«b|«et,  I  moy  ftUo  odd 
tbftt,  wbra  tho  weatber  becftmo  wverefy  ootd^  we  could  aotfettbH 
bboigto letinratf lenfto to  oiftbo^pftlfttabltr  '"-^^^  -l^ 

Fii^^fiiMcffti^ti  of  beolibf  and  a»  i^ neceNarjrineaMiro  i>f 
eeooai«^#^«i^l«ir^ftlt«iaiiQn»  we»  aMido  ii  &o>qiiaiid^  and  ouaUqr 
o$lh#  >pfttiisioaa;aiiiied^  I  directed!  tbe  :allo#ance  of  breaiitolio 
ptriniaiiandyrtrcdriced  to  tiio<4bird8|>  a  |»*ecautioii  which,  perhapa, 
iti<woiild hmbera  a*  we^  tO' have  ad^Med  Arom  the  coiiMHaDC»> 
SMlits  olr  the  vojranir^  «A  poond  of  ISkmmm  preterved  flMali  to- 
geite'Wttl^  one  pwt  of  vegetable  or  oonctiitrated.eoiip  per  naoL 
wecisubatitiited  ror  o«e  poond  of  writ  beef  wodki^l  a  propordoo  of 
bfter  apd  wine  waal  aicved  inlico  «if  tphiita }  aad  ^wam  quaatlMr 
<^«oiHr  lEiQuL  Mid  f^Ueai  widt  at  mush  viaegar  ac  coidd  m  iiied» 
was  iaatt^d  an  regidftr^iatervab^  The  dftity  propoirtioii  of  IbBom* 
Jldee  ttid  'stigtt^  was  ai^^  together»  ind,  With  a  proper  quaoti^ 
idsmtmr^t^'^e^  oAcer  appbinir 

ed'fg ttttitd  to*  thiffdi^i  Thit  hutgr  pfecattdonoMjr appear  to 
have  been  imnec^Biiaif^  W  ^Mie  who  are  not  awaro'iltow  Wach 
tlitririMaaiBMaiihIldiftfr  ia  aft  tfaoao  pofaMi  in  which  diolf  own 

N 


i 


n 


\i 


I  8' 


Jn  iIm  artMla  of  ImI,  wUfh  I*  •(  Mlob  vilil^  I 
Nvert  ft  elMMle^a  tgMMhqf'tiM  j 
MMk  »  quMtity  of  omI  «bI|^I 
for  Um  pffMervaiion  of  ImoMi  «ii<M»dl  tlw  obipn 
lande  lor  turf  or  'fmom  itooiMUaifly  tAaimmmtlvikmA'^mulk 
qoMHity  of  the  kliw  «M  mado  uM^oloplbak  kilV«WMK  »fio» 
vioua  dryiog^  wbkhf  fram  thoodtoiicodyrio4git»«iwinom^^lio 
had  BO  meana  of  aiifiiog it,  it^ waa.tiwMiA to ho^too. wat  Ufaddwi 
aoy  aaving.  of  cauk'  Wo^aho  bohad  om  ommi vaBaiaiMf^bint 
vain  of  coal  ooahora^lMloaljf  a?fcmiBaiipa  ^ewipkflwd  up  .iiwklf 
Qttr aiay  in  Wiotcr  barbaMb  *  ■  ;■  « '••  •  ..   •     -    v ..  ■  -     • .  a.- , 

Graai  attavtioo  waa  paid  lo  iIm  doddof  of  tlia  aMn^irte  ipmo* 
put. into  a  cartaia-ttuanhar  oi di>iii*in»  acaBodia||  to  tl»«iital^««o* 
torn  of  ifaa  «av]rf  aaeli  diviaion  Mug  wdwr  thatr  iw—d  .o#  ad 
qflictr,  wlior*as  ImpoiiaiMa  lortlio  pMooal  Bhaalioiwofwiio  sMk 
inirusied  to  Uoahana,  ii  apatt>  aa  tor  thair  kaapiog-dtair  alotiia»al 
liltinicaflMBdadaQdiogoodoaaditioo.  Thi  awp  waao  ia^uia% 
wmtarod  lor. iBi|anio>  awroiog  aod  owMii^gi  at'Widdt  iibmo:'b 
atoraya  vhiitcd  a«ary^|^_of  t)M  hnnaiii  diahii  aoeaaipaBlad  %> 


Ibaeut.BaeclMr  nd Jdr.  Idworda^  «^doi».4ifio  tfca  waajfiil 
appoiniadlbirtli^^anaitaatiaB  of  tl»  iiia^aaldia.— d  yii  tij^'dig 
madiool  imtkaMBv  i«  ordar  tktm  wm  tlMit  aBpaaaaoca-wOP  tl» 


sftttrvy^  miglit  at  ompa  >ba  datactad^  iod  ahaakad  ^  tiantflf-aMl 
adaqatfagiadafc.  <      .  ^ '.«:^' 

It  waa  my  iatteatioa  to.  haio.  aawwad^  dw  <  boddjao  off <dia  4ririp# 
<fbm>aaica  lo  ho  brouglit  ao  daak,  fair  tlw  fuifpaaaolairiagfaokisc 
ooea  a  JMcek  datiag  ma«wialor{;boi  h»t%  alio^  a  dtftauly  oaiuii 
red»  wbiabv  without  praviotta  azpariaaci,  aonld.  aoa-paibapa  Inw# 
bfwa  caaUy  aadcipaiML    Whanatero:idairi(cailaab«aQghl4Niid«c^ 
and^^auimd  to  raaudntharelDr^adiott  dMr»4t  otadunaiKquirad 
tba^t^pcraturaof  thaabKMi^hate^    Wb«B  tfaia  happaded  xa-lm' 
ratbar  ItNTi  uodar  snro  of  Fahrenheit  fbriaatauca,  tba  iinaitdiiurt 
cOB»Bftoence,  on  caking  tba  Uaahet  again  into  the  iwhilhinid  patta 
of  4hc.  ship  wasv  diat  the  vapour  aettled  ami  OMidauaod  upon 
i^MsndatiDf  it  alteoat  inscand^  so  wet  aa  tb  ha  Mfit «» iltopion^ 
and  requinagy  tbarr^are^  after  ^^thai'ii  Aodbdbedricd  by  ardfl' 
cial  iMat  bielpre  it  could  be  «B|uffde4icto.  thabed*|daocb    Wofrata^  - 
tbc^eSorc,  under  die  necessity  of  bttiipng'  tlia«  faiddUbf  'updiNlaaa' 
between  4«ckB,a»  the  o^y  tnoda  of  airing  i^  and  whacwafttik^- 
t<;»tprove>aH|l'inioBe:iarii^^dal^  wte  vans  <ab)^pld  «>  liave  recourse 
to.  the  stale  iriidbtaitby  ancaaura  in  drying  du^JpNiibed^  aiotiie«st7s^<?^; 


siikt^B^'S: 


I 


•f  WtwrvMM  iMKtMtjr,  •wli'tf  ««  were 
iWijlMfci  liiMiBj^witk  •itmf  fim^Mt  of  lit  comlnuMM*  for  a 
«ipl]rwi»i«iM»«f A5rMHV«I  wmmItom  olfiadiiif '•mmmnuic- 
WMM  fcii  tm  mtn^^immg^lkimkmi^nni  ttdlaus  iiiMnraU  I  pN»- 
<iiiiii  iliiwfcuf  H  th>  m»mn  «•  gac  up  •  plajF  oscMionaUjr  «ii 
mmA  |h>'lh<li»  w tiM  PMMllMt «MM  oi  JMrMtrviiig  •moAg  our 
mat  iliii^hnfMMi»«Ml  good  hraiour  wtikli  hodliklierto  tubk 
^IliAsii  <!»  lU».'y«o|Niol  i^iPM  ffoodily  MCowUd  by  tbe  oftccrt  of 
MllA«Uf»f  — ilvItiwmMatJ  Boofhoy  hoviog  btto  duly  eltcud  a4 
■Magtr^  y^  iiiiyriwiMici  wm  Sm  for  dio  «ib  of  No- 
r,  to  tbo  grmt  dehght  of  '*••  aMj^t  ooaipoiiicf*  la  iIiom 
MBUKpadlv  idortoofc  •  part  iiywdl,  «oDtld«riog  tlMil  on 
fMiiploof'  dMorfouMMo,  %y  givw§«o  dinnt  eouoiMMiice  to  every 
ikiUlHlMdtvooold  cootrihnM^  it*  woo  not  tho  lent  eMeoiiol  port 
fMijhdatyb'iMidio-  <ll»  poovttpr  oiraomtaooceo  in  which  we  were 


R:if    .<!' 


.{^^loiiAidoirelitt'fbrMMr  lo  priina'to  good4iumour  amoaj  oonelvee; 
IMi«ilk|»tpiflorBioh4i«MMio»oeoupoiioii«-dunng  the  boure  of  con- 
«lMMt3d^rhdeei^  wo  eet  on  fwi'  o  wocUynowepiipor*  which  woe  to 
b^^ooliod  thei^^rf*  BtmrgiM  9taet$m  mia  WhOtr  Ckroniek^  and  of 
whidi  Cap»ii»  'flohhio  u^doctook  to  he  the  editor,  uodor'  the  pre* 
■iiainihai^fi^«o»io  heottp^oHad  hy  original  coMriwiiioiiB  it^wi  the 
ilftrera  of  the  t^wohipM  and)  though-aooM  obfeotion  aaay*  perhapa, 
Iw laiiad •■ulngl ^iplipar  of  ithit  Joad  being ^eoerally  reaoried  to 


la^aMpowfciwai^tl-^.  woo  too  weli  ■oonainud  with  the dlacretiodfap 
veil  00  4m  MR^leot  diwpoiidona  or  mf  oAcere^  to  opprehend  nay 
aaffaaaanti^Boaaequeilcei  Iteoa  a  oM^aeuro  of  diia  hind ;  inetcad  of 
wab^coa  ioMty  eay^  ibaiatbe  weeUy  contribotioan  had  the  hap- 
|pje6U8b£  oaiployiag  ibe  leiaave  howra  of  th^  who  fnmiehed 
theait  aad  of  diverting  the  mind  from  the  f^oomy  proepect  whiob 
iNmblaoiMMlaioa  abawleitielf  oa  thoatoutcat  heart.     > 

jiniwudiinlji  oaoor arrival inJaa*boaK»  Captato'Sabine hadomw 
llojrad  hiawelf  laioekotiBg  »plaao  fior  the  obaervatbry,  which  waa 
aiaewd^^ioia*  eoavoaiOBt  apot*  aboot  aevea  hundred  yarda  to  the 
weatward.oC«dM  abipa* :  It woa.abocooaidercdadviiable  immedi- 
ately to  aotaboi^bttaAng  a  hoaao>neai<  the  beach,  for  the  reeeptipn 
ol^the  elocke  and  biatramenU.  For  ^ia  purpose  .we  made  uee  of  a 
faaafityof  ftr*p|aoit«  wldoh  waa  intended  mr  the  construction  of 
liaia  buata»  aad'Wbich  waa  so  cut  aa  not  injure  it  for  that  purpose* 
'Ibe^l^ouadwaosotbu'd  frozen  that  it  required  great  labour  to  dig 
bola^fer  the  upngbt  poata  which  iormed  the  support  of  the  aidea. 
7^  waUa  of  thio  boiiao  b«ng  double*  with  moas  placed  between 
t|a -twoyahigh  toBi^eaatttre  could*  even  in  the  severest  weather 
itklch  we  m^ttbedooawdr to  experience,  be  kept  up  in  it  without 
difioidty  by  a  ate{^e  store.  r  . 

>  Aawng  tbo  many  fodaaato  eireamatances  which  had  attended 
Ui  ditrinyihit  faatiaeaaon  af  our  aavigatiw>»  thor^  was  nona  more 


1 


I 


'm 


t  \ 


'■■    I 


y. 


I 


wo 

»tiTk\ng  than  Ae  opportune  time  at  which  tht^aliiptr^irarc  Mcurely 
placed  in  harbour  ;  tor  on  the  very  n^t  of  oor  arrival,  tha  96Urof 
September,  the  thermometer  f«U to  —1' ;  and, on thaicdlowibg dby, 
the  sea  waa  obaerved  from  the  hiUa^to  be  quite  fraoen  over,  aa  fiur 
aa  the  eye  could  reach  ;. nor  waa  any  open  watar  aemi  altar  thia 
period.  During  the  firat.  thitce  weeka  in  October^  however,  we>re«> 
marked- that  the  y<Ming  ice,  near  the  bmmUi  of  that  harbour,  waa  oe« 
casionally  squeezed  up  very  much  by  Uie  brger  floMi  ao  that  ih/t 
latter  must  atiU  have  had  some'space  left,  in  which  to  acquire  mo* 
tion :  but  i^ter tiiat time  iheaeawaaen^^ covered  «iilh  one vHif^ 
ipnfk  surface  of  solid  and  motionleas  ise.  ;<     ; 

it.  After  our  arrival  in  port,  we  saw  aevernl  reki<4<»xi^  and^^fow 
coveyaof  grouse  $  but  die  counUf  Is  so  deaUtUte  of  evei^r  thing 
like  cover  of  any  kindv  that  our  aponsnien  wetc  aoa  snccaaaAiMli 
their  hunting  excursiona,  and  we  procured  o^  three  tein>dear« 
previously  to  the  migration  of  these  and  the  other  nninuila  from 
the  island,  which  took  plfce  before  v^  dose  of  the  month  of  €k- 
tober^  leaving  only  the  wolves-and  foxes  to  bear  uaecHnpaiqrdnnng 
the  winter.  ThevfuUf^^wn  deer,  which  we  kitted  in  the  nitktoam# 
gave  us  from  one  hundred.and  twen^  to onf  hundred  ahd  seventy 
pounds  of  meat  each,  and  a  fiiwn  w^gfacd,  eiji^^i^fbrnr  ponnda;. 

On  the  iat  of  October,  Capuin  Sidiine'a  aervaM  bavingtiieett  at 
some  diftaoce  from  the  ships,  to  examine  nfox«crap^  waaporaudd 
by  a  large  white  bear,  which  followed  his  fo(M«tepa  the  wtole  wa^ 
to  the  ships,  where  he  was  wounded  by  severdbldlayfairt'imideh» 
csaqpeafier  diU  Thia  bear,  which  waa  the  oi^^onewft  saw  during 
our  tfay  in  Winter  Harbour,  was  observed  to  be  >m(Mrcp«ralf'Wh^e 
than  any  we  had  before  .seen,  the  colour  of  thefe  animals  being 
generally  that  of  a  dinyishyelloWy"Whancontraated:twithdii(  wluta^ 
ness  of  the  ice  and  snow. 

On  the  night  of  the  4dH  we  had  a  strong apde  from  the  south*, 
ward,  which  g^ve  us  a  satiitfactory  proof,  of  the  security  of  the 
harbour  we  had  chosen,  for.  the:  main  ice  wasibund  in  the  morning 
to  have  pressed  in  very  forcibly  upon  that  which  was  nen^form^ 
cd  near  (he  entrance,  while  within  the  two  pointa  of  the  harbour,  it 
remained  perfectly  solid  and  undistwhed*  >Some  deer  bei^g  seen 
near  the  ships  on  the  10th,  a  par^  waa  despatched  after  them^  some 
of  whom  having  wounded  a  atag,'and  bemg  1^  on  Ivy'  the  ardoat^ 
of  pumuit,  forgot  my  order  Uwt  every  person  diould  he  ooMboard 
before  sun-set,  and  did  not  return  t^  late  afrar  we  had  suffered 
mueti  apprehension  on  their  account*  I,  therefem,  directed  that 
die  expense  of  all  rockets  and  otl^r^  aigni^  made  in  such  caaes, 
should,  in  future,  be  charged  againat  the  wagaa  of  the  oflGmdii^ 
party.  John  Pearson,  a  marine  belonpng  to^thciGrtper^  ane  waa 
the  last  that  returned  on  board,  had  his  himds  severetyfrost%itti«,' 
having  imprudently  gone  away  without  mittens,  and  with  a  nfuaket 
in  his  hano«    A  party  of  our  people  most  proyideatially  Jpund  h^io,. 


&■ 


i'4- 


dhhwi|{h  liie'Diglil  ivat  very  dwrk,  just  as  he  had  laMen  down  » 
ileep  tNudt  of  snow,  and  was  beginning  to  feel  that  degree  of  tor- 
ibot  and  drowsiiiMifr  which,  if  indulged,  inevitably  proves  filial, 
when  h«  was  bronghc  on  board,  his  fingers  were  quite  stiff,  and 
baitJicd  thflf  jrtufN^  of  that  part  of  the  musket  which  he  had  wm 
carrying*  rad  the  frost  had  so  far  destroyed  the  aniuaation  in  hk 
ftigtra^on  oawilind',  that  it  was  neccss«ryto  amputate  three  of 
thrai »  sh«rt  tioM  after,  notwhhstinding  all  die  care  and  attention 
paid  to  hlfii  by^he  medied  gentlemen.  The  i^ct  whtdi  expo- 
soie  to  aetere  frost  has,  in  benumbing  the  mental  as  wett  as  the 
corpoieal  ficidties,  was  Kcry  striking  in  this  man,  as  well  as  in 
two^of  the  young  gcndbwen  who  returned  after  dark,  and  of  whom 
we  wen  itodbii*  to  maite  infuiriies  respecting  Pearson.  When  I 
«Mi«lbr  them  faito  my  cabitt,  they  looked  wHd,  spoke  thick  and  hi^ 
^ilstino%/and  it  was<  impossible  to  draw  from  them  a  rational  afti^ 
smw-tomiy'of  our-questioniB*  After  being  on  board  for  a  short 
liiiie,  >tlw  mentd Hicidtici  appeared  gradually  to  return  widi  the 
fttttwdng  dtcntarioi^  and  itwus  not  tiH  then  that  ft  looker-Kin  could 
eildly  persuadie  himself  thtttdiey  had  not  been  drinking  too  freely. 
'f\t>  tli6S€«^  who  hflive  been  mudi  accustomfd  to  cold  countries  this 
wittbe  no  new  remark;  but  I' cannot  help  thmking (and  it  is  with 
iMSF  inew^at  1  speak  of  it)  that  many  a  man  may  have  been  pun. 
ished^for  intbkhwtaon,  who  wa^  <mly  suffering  injm  the  benumbing 
effeets^of  frost}  for  t  have  more  than  once  seen  our  people  in  a  state 
soveaiKidy  retemUin^-  that  of  the  most  stupid  intoxication,  that  I 
should  certainly  have  charged  them  with  that  offence,  had  I  not 
been  quite  sure  that  no  possible  means  were  afforded  them  on 
Melville  IsUind»  to  procure  any  thing  stronger  than  snow-water. 
In  order  to  guard  in  scnne  measure  against  die  danger  of  persons 
losing  their  way,  which  was  more  and  more  to  be  apprehended  as 
the  4£r^«  becftme  shorter,  and  the  ground  more  covered  with  snow, 
wAUch  nves  such  a  dlwary  sameness  to  the  country,  we  erected  on 
aH'the  hills  within  two  or  three  miles  of  the  harbiour,  finger-posts 
pohiting  towards  the  ships. 

X  have  before  remarked  that  all  the  water  which  we  made  use  of 
m^Ue  within  the  p^r  circle,  was  procured  from  snow,  either  natu- 
rally or  artificially  diss<dved.  S<xm  after  the  ships  were  laid  up 
ftir  the  winter,  it  was  necessary  to  have  recourse  entirely  to  the  lat. 
t«r  process,  which  added  materially  to  the  expenditure  of  fuel  dur* 
ing  the  Wwtcr  months.  The  snow  for  this  purpose  was  dugout 
of  the  drifts,  whick  had  formed  upon  the  ice  round  the  ships,  «id 
dissdved  in  the  ceppers.  We  found  it  necessary  always  to  strain 
•idle  watpr  thus  procured^  on  account  of  the  sand  which  the  heavy 
8now*-i||Fifts  brought  from  the  island,  after  which  it  was  quite  pure 
npid  wholesome. 

On  die  eirening  of  the  13th,  the  Aurora  Borealis  wit  leen  very 


I 


« 


A 


•# 


l-< 


>J 


fomily,  ceniitiiig  of  a  •tstioiiaiy  vbitft  light  in  th^aoniii-wcttqate- 
ter^  And  MM*  the  horizon.  : 

i  On  tb«  I5tb»  wt  SAW  th*  hui  covef  of  ptaimlymmhith  t»ne 
met  with  thit  MMOD.  Qm  th»  taw  <hy>oii»  |N«tiie4itH  i»rwigiifa 
herd  of  ificea  deer  to  theMMtbvwdi  th»f  /wei^Miligdng^^Mii^it 
fiint«MK«pt  oiw.  Iwfe  onei  pf«bihiy  «  itif ,.«rhkh  JeftanreMto^een- 
•d  tOifnaid  the, rest m  their  fltgbl^  yriig  frtgiMlly >found ^iMi, 
and  eometiine*  ttrihingjlifrit  iii<h  hi»hmir>iD.«Mkt!ihMB;9«flii, 
which  ^thtrwiaethefdid  pot  99mm  mmlkmi^mitAm  do*     «?  k^^v^? 

0»  the-ietfa,  it  hlew  «  iliOBg/cakffrdqMh^lMmhWilHk  jkombi- 
ptnied  bjr  iiich^fti^eoiitiUuM^  yQmw%>,th«flth<Hi|h  A*t^  mejiiwl 
iHie  ^fiite  ekgr  Mrerhead;^^  JboMihematf'<t.th»  iliiiMM^«f  4h«Me 
or.Aiir^iiuqdi«d  yirdei  coid4fCM«0iv  he  ««■«  ^fya»i!fkmttdfim''Mn 
aMch«0fPMiwi««  iw  peiMM.  «i«t!fecmtiiid:ji>«i»«ii)M«e«ei^ 
th«  Ihipi;  IndMv  mhtn  th<ibeiiow'4tfli«tGiirMd^^«'4t^A«|iifel»* 
tyndidf'dttriQg tb«  winter,  with^* h«vd>feK- wdthe'theniMveeitr 
v^rylow,  I  believe  thht  no  ^tumaabeiiig  iJOdkttehyeHwwwiawd  elim 
afteiv  8R1  Jioi)r?ji  «spMttferto  it.  I»  onderv^themfi«e^.>tt»jee«aBe^ 
GomoftiHueatioa  hetivee«  liM  4ups^  a  dietancs  Ml  feieeediag  lMli« 
cahle'a  length,  m  well  af/'froiii  the  thipe  tollte^hoiMe  ewMore^^ 
Hiw  w«a^|c<^  t3|teiided,  ec  »?  giiid*  frovixdort^^he^thrrtf  'AMtm 
the  nuddle  of  OctobeRihe  enow  hegim  to  iril  iKMailhuEilkhM  thlft 
durfog  the  eiHnmer  s  eiid^eooa.  el^  «hii,«wjbeiiey»r  It  lett^titcdMb 
aitted  entirely  of  very  ntaote  jj^tofArVaaaaniog  t«riaMi  fenttaJtaf 
cryatalUsalioni^  The  meridian  altitude  of  t|M  etm  iraa  nbacttred 
this  diQF  by  an  nrtiSchd  horizan,  whielk.  I  notice  htm  th»  «i*Dttai*' 
stance  of  its  b^ng  the  laat  ti«c  we  had|  an  optiomuilty  of  otennrw 
ing  it  for  about  Ibnr  naomhsv  ^ 

On  ^e  17th  and  I9tb,;0iir  hiintingpaniea^^>orted^thnt$thedaik> 
were  nrare nnmefons  than  diey  had  hem  before,  wkidimade  aa 
conclude,  that  they  were  aaaend»Ung  their  forces  lor  an  taunMlaiia 
departure  over  the  ice  to  the  continent  of  Anierica,  as  we  onfy  aiii' 
one  or  two  on  the  island  after  this  time*-  They  had  been  metwitti, 
since  taking  up  our  quarters,  in  herds  of  from  eight  to  twtntyvaad 
from  fpffty  to  fifty  were  seen  in  the  course  of  one  dayw  v  A<fcher- 
mometer  placed  in  the  sunat  noon»  on  the  ISth,  rose  only  to  «^^, 
the  teropcNrature  in  the  shade  being  —  16".        . 

It  had  for  some  time  past  been  a  matter  of  serious  ciwaideratioB 
with  me^  whether  it  would'  be  necessary  to  out  the  ke  round  the 
i^ips,  which  had  by  this  time-  biicome.:  so  &mdy  attaehed  to  the 
bends,  that  they  were  oomfdetely  imbedded  id  it^  Therevhappcttir- 
ed  tabe  only  two  ojr  three  pe|PSf>na  in  the  expeditmn,  who  hadniMr 
been  frozen  up  duiMng  a  whole  winter  in  any^of  this  cold  eomnriai^ 
and  I  eonsulted  thfcse  as  to  the  expediency  ofdohig.  ao.  ThiefRap* 
caution,  it  would  seem,  is  considered  to  be  necessary^  freiai  i^ 
possiMli^  of  a  #hip  being  hung  by  th^  ice  attached  to  her  beOdsy 
and  thus  prevented  from  rising  and  falling  with  the  tide ;  in  conse- 


.*>-^l,l.«.>.«<« 


' '  T  "I'.I^IT 


TaCI 


Pg^^wfwWW^, 


'ii\?^9^:j?^.s-'V?li" 


^^W^rs 


101 


jiiici^irMciif  «  fifeak  lilghfi  enilf  be  torn  «ui  ntir  <hr1rtttri> 
mmfby  the  wdglM  of  the  attip  hanisintf  entirely  on  Ihit  jMiticttlir 
ifm*  l^ww  tdM««d  friMiinfy  amWhentioii  Wk  this teom, Now* 
manfhf  lEtio#ltt|f  ho«r  sandl  the  ii80  and  fall  of  the  tldbe  w«i»  M 
iMtailicei  ewi  iMo  by  liavitt^  obterved  that  a  apring-Cidtt  caiii#d 
the  ^lioie  mass  of  ice  in  the  harboit*  to  detach  Itself  from  the  bcteir, 
aioafll»HiHi«lelitie  of  which  it  splH,  and  WM  lifted;  so  that  both 
tMft^m^^Ust  Mse  tnd  fell  in  a  body  with  Ihe  tide.  The  only 
i^iMStioii^'A^tefoi^y  that  remainedf  was*  whetlier  the  lateral  expan- 
sion of  .4i«  lee  flftighf  not  oi-eate  soch  a  presi^re  upon  the  water- 
1km  olilielihlp*  aa;t6  do  them  some  damiage.  This  appr^enbion 
wii^«wth«f  iBttrsased  by  Liememmt  Liddon*s  havinr  reported  to 
aiii  ttrnl  hla 'oiicew  ha%  a  nightoi^^two  before,  heard  a  load  crack 
iboiit  ibe#vi^r*e;li««ut#,  which  gjuvt  them  llie  idea  of  somethiag 
•»aiiiiii(f  Orftiirkig  way.'  I1iii  noises  however;  which  occurred 
vtty  fMNfien^  tiyerwiiiNls,  asthe  cold  became  more  itftene^,  proved 
tolw  ««ii»iiig'li«ore^lMili«t»wMdki»  heard  in  houses 

la  csBid  oMiiiries,  ^being-occatloned  by  the  ftvcfsinf  and  eitpttisi^ 
Of  2tht  jiHceii^^cMtahied  in  wood  not  thoroogMy  setftolied.  To  put 
th««iiiiiiieiHoot^of^iM  <lDttbi^<bdwev«r«  i  deemed  it  fMiidettt  toordev 
A»'  lie  to"  be  etit-roiMd  hiitK'BhipSv«n  opci^tioii  which  occupied 
thi  fWo  crewt' rimost  the  whole  of  two  days,  the  ice  being  now 
twe«^-tht««  inches  In  thickawn}  Md  I  determined  to  continutt 
this  Ope#t(tf(M»di^ly^as^  long  at  die  weather  would  permit.  ' 

^iflit  90thF  of  October  was  one  of  the  fitiest  days;  which,  ai  etfi 
periencelias  dttce  taught  cis,  ever  occur  in  this  cfhiiati,  the  wer- 
tkerl}eingcl««r$widi  little  or  no  wind;  and,  though  the  diermo- 
meter  reoMiiied  steadily  between  —  15^  and  -^  16"  during  the  ddy^, 
ir«^  fflfthiir  pteabafu  toour  feeUngs  ^an  o^erwiee.  Our  sports- 
wen  were  om  Awtti  both  ships  ^  whole^dey,  andretumed,  for  th6 
iMtlliiie,  Wi#U»tftliMnrliig  see*  any  living  atiiiMal^  dvough  they  had 
wittediOVt«r«  v^considtrable-4iteift  of  gt^tind;  so  that  the 
hope  we4i«d  ifidtiili^d  of  obtainini^  o^caeioMMv^  a  fre^  meid,  wae 
i»w  nearly  at  ad^  end  fin*  thi  rest  of  ihe  Winw.  tt  wks  observed 
from  the  hilteiv  thM  the  icte  iHfrIhe  ie»ffin|[  hudibtift  dirowtt  intoh%her 
kunimocks  mm  before  i  aifd^io  the  fHCM«iWg'  wt  s«#  tt  Auttibet  of 
Mttle  vertical  stttatiMi  of  vapour  riaiiig^froM^  se»,  ne*!"  thvinoti^ 
of  the  harbour;  «ii^tch  was  ptdbtlMf  that  phettomenoki  viil^ify 
cMlid  the «« bai>b#i'*  ift  Ifofth  Allltl^a^  and  which  is  oeeaaidned, 
t^elievefbyth^vi^Otfrarl^iing  from" the  water  belnj^  condensed 
imoii  visibfe'foi^it^thi  eoldiicss  ofthoatMkoipkere.  Itis  pr«^t^ 
bift^  i$ierefore#  fbm  «lb  two  eii>oomstiikcete  ftowtnetitiofted,  Chit  * 
niitfott  had  takeirfIiiee^oii|ftheik)«ski  meoflag,  ptod^inj^fim 
dM  pvessiire  by  whl^i^%«Miimocls  wei«^rdw«  op^  ahd  flten  a 
partiati  separation  leaving,  for  a  time,  a  small  space  of  ipfrozen 
^a0i^.'''      '  ■  '  •  -  ■■■■^••^■-' '■•     -■-^. -.1.;..  . 

Between  six  and  eight  P,iM.,  wettbsmtd  the  Aurora  Bmrealis^ 


:i: 


':.&4 


104 


t^' 


lermia|  •  bro«d  «rth  of  irregular  white  light,  cxloiding  tvm^ 
N.N.  W.  to  S.8.£.,  the  centre  of  the  arch  being  ICr  to  the  eastward 
of  the  senith.  It  was  moat  bright  near  the  aotithcm  horizon  i  and 
lkeqtient»  but  not  vivid,  coruscations  were  seen  siMioting  firom  ita 
Uf^r  side»  towards  the  zenith.  The  magnetic  needle  wa|  Mi 
sensibly  affected  by  this  phenomenon.  >     '<'> 

Between  two  and  three  P.M.  on  the  Slst,  the  weadierbeing^s^ 
remarltably  clear  and  fine«  and  the  sun  near  the  hcMrizcM,  a  pariiao 
lion  stnng^y  prismatic  was  seen  on  each  side  of  it,  at  the  distUMta 
<^  83%  resembling  the  legs  of  a  raiidbow  resting  upon  the  land. 

On  the  a6th,the  sun  afforded  na  sufficient  l^bt  for  writing  and 
reading  in  my  cabin,  *the  iitem-windows  ezactiy  iMing  the  souths 
Dram  half  past  nine  till  half  past  two;  for  tiie  rest  of  the  feur«and- 
twenty  houm  we  lived,  of  course,  by  candk^Ug^t.  t  Notiiing  could 
«zceed  the  beauty  of  the  sky  to  the  south-east  and  south-west  at 
sutt«rise  and  sun-set  about  this  period:  near  the  horizon  there  waa 

Sinerally  a  rich  bluish  purple,  and  a  bright  arch  of  deep  red  above» 
e  one  mingling  imperceptibly  with  the  other.  The  waather  about 
this  titbe  was  remarkably  mihl,  the  mercury  in  thetherasometar 
having  stood  at  or  above  zero  for  more  than  foi^-eight  hours. 
By  a  register  of  tha  temperature  of  the  atniosplierey  which  was 
liept  1^  Captain  Sabiike  at  the  observatcHry,  it  was  found  that  the 
th^momcter,  invariaUy,  stood  at  least  from  S"  to  5%  and  even  on 
one  or  two  occasions  as  much  as  7*  higher  on  the  outside  of  tim 
shtpsi  thMi  it  did  on  shore,  owii^  probiJ^y  to  awarm  Mmesj^ere, 
created  round  tile  former  by  the  constant  fires  kept  up  on  bowd. 
On  the  S9th  the  weaker  was  calm  and  clear^  and  we  remarlced, 
for  the  first  time,  that  the  smoke  from  the  funnek  scarcely  roM  at 
aU,  but  skimmed  nearly  horizonti^y  along  the  hoosingy  the  th«#- 
mom<Bter  having  got  down- to  —  84**,  and  the  mertuiy  in  the  ba- 
rometer standing  at  81^^70  inches.  It  now  became  rather  a  painM 
fkpeiiSKtit  to  touch  any  metallic  substance  in  the  open  mr  witii 
the  naked  hand;  tiie  feeling  produced  by  it  ezactiy  resembling  that 
occasioned  .1^  the  a|iposite  extreme  of  intense  heat,  and  taking  off 
the'diin  from  the  (MUt  affected.  We  found  it  necessary,  therefore, 
to  use  great  caution  in  handling  our  sextants  and  other  instruments^ 
parfd^wly  the  eye-paecea  of  ttie  telescopes,  which,  jf  suffered  to 
touch  the  face,  occasioned  an  intense  burning  pain;  but  this  was 
ei^ily  remedied  by  covering  them  over  with  wmk  Icwther.  Ano- 
^er  effecty  with  renrd  to  the  use  of  instruments,  began  to  appear 
about  tl^  tithe*  whenever  any  instrument,  which  had  been  sonM» 
tioM  exposed  to  the  atmosi^ere»  so  as  to  be  cooled  down  to  the 
same  temperatuf^,  was  suddenly  brought  below  into  tiie  cabins,  tiws 
tapoiMB  was  instaatiy  condensed  all  around  it,  so  as  to  give  the  in- 

*  By  i  Mateoraloginl  laom«l  in  mj  poMtMios,  kept  at  York  Fart,  Hudtos'ta  Bigr,  in 
the  f «ar  ir^S ,  it  ameMrt  tint  tltb  plieBOBieiMm  dM  not  otmr  Ull  tlM  tl«»rmoiB«tlr  iadwiiadw 
«.teibpe»tnteofilaat--SC*.   neteiglttorthelMimiietisiritilotaMiitiMMk 


-^^jrr 


nut 

alNcMt  inst>nt«ng0»»ly  irith  a  thin  coating  of  ice,  the  nmamU  o|f 
iNhida  Mquin^giMitiwiJtaoa  to  praimit  the  risk  of  fiijoriB§  iliMit 
iilMU  it  had  flm4ttdly  iiuHf4^,  at  thejr  acquiivd  the  tempexi«||i|Mli 
the  fihiB*  Wliini:a  candle  -was  pbu^d  in  a  certain  directifiii  iM||| 
*the  Intrument,  irith  reepeot  to  the  obterrcr*  a  aiunbit  ol  mti^- 
nmviitc  spkuUg 4ii  tmom  »nn  also  seen  tpaHding  aro^iid  nielli** 
atrament,  at  ike  die^mce  of  two  ot  three  inches  from  il»  o€iw>wooe<i| 
ai«re«ii^pOM(l,^)r  die  cold  |itmo8|dlicre  produced  by  tl|B^|pP4iiN 
Pfvaturc  of  the  rastr^ment  alaioet4aatantaneo(uly  congitnj>»K,impr 
^bitt  form  the  vi^nr  whiclf  floated  in  its  immediate  aaigWMMr* 

hood*  .,  ..vs.  :^.-'.^,  •  ■,•-';'# 

.  The  aumth  of  I^oiv«mber  commenced  with  mild  weatheri;;id||pi8i|l^ 
6«>9idniaed  for  the  first  ten  days.  It  ie  gcneralfy  supftteedyhji  im0- 
nho  hmre  not  esEfierienced  Ine  effects  firadaccd  t^n  tho  SsdNgs  1^ 
the  vano^s  alterations  in  the  temperature  of  the  atmoeyjNw^  ^hiil 
the  thcrmmncter  is  bar,  that  a  change  of  10*  at  15%  mahss|M,aii»« 
sible  difference  in  tiie  sensation  «f  cold ;  hnt  thfs  la  by  Do  ttciin 
tlm^case,  $or  it  was  a  iieasark  continusUy  made  aiimng  4|B»  1^  ji^ 
bodief  appeared  to  adapt  tbeasselvfs  so  neadilf  to  theiC)Mipt*»'t)M# 
the  acale  of  our  feeisra^  if  I  may  ao  cxpreiis  k,  wasanpi^xadiiaiHl 
to  a  lower  atandardtdiaii  ordinary ;  so  that,  afiter  li?ii|gf9i  soniii 
days  in  a  tempcmtuce  of  «^  l^fi*  or  ^n-  acf  «  it  £Blt, quite  pilil  Villi. 
cosnfortable  whenthe thennomcter mac-'^zuOf,mdimm.'«f*it*S»'^-> 
The  dill  of  iKovember  Wng  the  last  day  that  the  aupiwm^dy^ 
dc^iendendy  of  die  effects  of  refraction,  be  seeii  jsbove  ouripiMlil 
tiil;  the  6th  of  Februaiy,  Sn  intervsd  of  ntncty-oiK  days,  i^ipif  * 
matter  of  coaaidenble  regret  to  us  that  the  weather  aiiout  rw 
time  was  not  suficiendy  elear  to  allow  ua  ^  see  and  make  tUlmm 
vations.  en  the  dist^pearance  of  that  lumiinry ,  in  order  that  toiiiii 
tidnw  Bii||ht  brattemptcd  towards  4etermii^  the  apppuat  iif& 
atmospherical  jvfractton  at  a  low  temperature. .  But,  thongli;  Ufa 
were  not  pcrautted  to  take  a  last  farewd,  for  at  least  tlweaJflMlMI^ 
of  that  cheering  orb,  m  of  this  great  world,  both  eye  and  soid/*  w« 
nevertheleBs  fdt  that  this  day  coustituted  an  importw^juid  fjljawft; 
raiUe  epoch  in  our  voyage*  We  had,,8ome  time  btfore,ael  tk^ilt 
the  preparations  for  our  wiitt<a->  amusements  i  and  ^  i||Katl9(^ 
being  ready,  we  opened  on  the  5th  of  I^orember,  with  tht  repeit 
s^tition  of  ifiM  in  her  Teem.,  which  Afforded  to  the  mfft  such  J^ 
lirad  of  anuistmevyt  as  folly  to  juatify  thetexpisctH^onl  we  hii 
foraied  of  the  utilityof  theatmidv^ertaunments  under  o^preipgll 
circumstances,  and  to  determine  me  to  foUoW  them  up  ft^Nuj^ 
paiiods.  I  foundfindced*  that  e«en  the  occupation  of  ^yihf;i|| 
tbt  dieatre,  and  taking  it  to  pieces  again,  which  employed  %nipilit 
of  the  men  for  a  day  or  two  before  and  after  each  performancei  was 
ti  matter  of  no  Iktle  importance,  whep  the  immediate  diidini;Jnl^ 
sh^  appeared  by  no  means  sufficielME^for  thftt  purpose }  foii^ldFild* 

O 


f 


.^1 


fjii  ■,'■ 


f^'S^lfff^f^lfff' 


••K'-W;V,:' 


f^^^pw^^^^^^^^^ 


106 

<KlllM.w«nt  of  «mpko7m«nt  u  one  of  the  wont  «vilt  that  wu  liktlr 
toiiclUut.'  ■■  ■  .,•  '..'h-a 

4  0»  the  6th  we  tried  the  temperature  of  tlie  Mft  «t  the  botton« 
Ijhe^pth  being  five  fethoms,  and  found  it  to  be  90%  whilai  that 
ol4he  aiuiace  wm  ^'  and  of  the  air  —  t6*.^  On  the  9th»  th^m* 
fmmm  of  the  bottom  wm  ae  high  as  31%  the  surface  being  ^1  at  • 
9^..,.^il^  apecific  gravity  of  the  surface  water  was  1.0864,  at  tha 
^ml|m0^»^  of  Si%  and  that  of  the  water  brought  from  the  bottom 
m^l#9  at  50'.  On  the  same  evening  the  weather  being  fine  and 
clMa'^llie  Aurora  3orealis  was  seen  for  nearly  two  hours*  fcrn^ing 
a  lungi^  low,  irreguhu:  arch  of  light,  expending  fronr.  .:crch  to  soutS 
in  jhr  western  miarter  of  the  heavens,  its  altitude  in  the  centre 
\i9m^0lorA''  The  electrom<ter-chain  Was  hoisted  up  to  Uie  mast* 
i^UMdf  andi  its  ilower  end  brought  down  to  the  ice,  so  as  to  keep  it 
p[^%tly^clear  oLall  the  masts  and  rigging,  which  method  waa 
lpid^lhf<P^out  the  winter }  but  no  sensible  effect  was  produced 
QRfeil^iigold  leaf*  It  waa  tried  a  second  time,  after  the  sky  became 
^^f.  white  fleecy  clouds,  butf  with  as  little  success. 
ti^O&^hfe  forenoon  of  the  lltby  the  thermometer  having  again  fallen 
t||^«iT<%fi6|f,  the  smoke,  as  it  escaped  from  the  funnels,  scarcely  rose 
.||;aU  above  the  houung.  Mr.  Ross,  haying  gone  to  the  mast-head 
ai  noon,  reported  that  he  saw  the  suhi  There  was  no  time  for 
milifavillg  the  altitude,  but  Lieutenant  Beechey,  who  went  up  to 
ol^irve  itv  considered  that  about  twenty-four  minutes  of  its  disk 
l^qfieaM  above  the  horizon,  according  to  which  the  amount  of 
iffiic^do  would  appear  to  be  3'  09'  05".  The  temperature  of  the 
stmosphere  at  this  time  was  —  27%  and  the  mercury  in  lAie  baro- 
nieteii^pod  at  30.07  inches.  The  thermometer  having  fallen  to 
r**.3t'  on  the  following  day,  we  expected  to  have  seen  the  siin 
a|p^,  and  looked  out  from  the  mast-Jhead  for  that  purpose,  but  it 
did  not  re.«ppear.  At  six  P.M.  the  Aurora  Borealis  was  seen  Uk 
a  biio|«BO  irregular  arch,  about  6'  high  in  the  centre,  extending  from 
]^«r^4>*N*  to  8.b.W.,  from  whence  a  lew  coruscations  were  vtnir 
mul  ihi^  towards  the  zenith.    From  eight  rM\:. 

1^1  midnight  on  the  13th,  it  was  again  seen  in  a  aimilar  manner  from 
ILW,  to^.£.ridie  brightest  part  being  in  the  centre  or  due  south. 
Qa  the  15th,  Lieutenant  Beechey  informed  me  that  he  had  seen, 
intthe,N«N.W.  and  S.£.  quarters,  some  light  transparent  clouds, 
J^MnwMfh  columns  of  light  were  thrown  upwards,  resembling  the 
^iirfl^  Borealis;  those  to  the  south-east  being  opposed  to  a  very 
^1^1  aky,  had  a  light-brofrn  appearance.  This  phenonlienon  waa 
il^n  observed  on  the  16th,  consisting  of  a  bright  sutionary  light 
%i>^  $*8.  W,  to  S.b.£.,  and  reaching  from  the  horizon  to  the  heif^t 
tplrtHPut^  above  it. 

s  About  the  time  of  the  sun's  leaving  us,  the  wolves  began  to  ap> 
l^eilieh  tilie  ships  more  boldly,  howling  most  piteously  on  the  beach 
««^.  tie,  sometimes  for  hours  together,  and,  on  one  or  two  occa- 


L-l 


(fP^A'SfW"'*?'*?*^-"'*''*'^  "f «" 


ruT 


108? 

•lom,  coming  iloilfiide  the  shipf ,  when  evcrjr  thing  «»■  i||tt^tJM|. 
night  i  hut  we  teldiiMn  saw  more  than  one  or  two  togethf  r»  an4yf 
tdierntfore,  could  liwrm  no  idea  of  theirnumber.  These  animalf  ireil^> 
idways  very  sl^  of  coming  near  our  people,  and,  though  eiiM^t^ 
auflTiping  much  fwm  hnnger,  never  attempted  to  attack  an)r?9i(4^^8% 
'rhe- white  foxes  ,used  also  10  visit  the  ships  at  nighl«#D4^o^;^* 
tilese  (Camt  Lag9fm»)  was  Cjsught  in  a  trap  set  uudajP  th«^|g 
bows.    The  uneasiness  dispbyed  by  this  beautiful  vrtt||»t#P»| 
duting  the  time  of  his  confinement,  whenever  he  heardilif^|rl|| 
of  a  wolf  near  the  shiMt  impressed  us  with  an  opinioiirit|%|^,t)i^, 
latter, is  in  the  habit  of  hunting  the  fax  as  his,  prey.. 

The  rapidi^  with  which  the  ice  formed^  round  the  sh^^- 
npw  become  so  greats  as  to  employ^our  pcfiplefor  several, )|iiNUt§ 
fachdayin  cutting  it  i  and  for  the  Itnt  tJbrm^  days  our  iMih^ 
^Vr,  duping  the  time  of  twilight,  could  scarcely  keep  it  cl^i;*- 
it  was  evidcntf  therefore,  that  as  the  froat  increi tsed>  w/e  coul^i 
iwnsimy  effect  UiM,  and  as  the  men  alm^t  4ways  got  theik^ 
wet  in  sawing  the  iccrfrom  which  the  most  injurious, effect#^;^t|||^; 
^ir  health  were  lik«y|y  to  result,  ^  oilers  to  leave  (i^^u^iap^ 

it  Miy^ore  during  thrseverity  of  the  winter.  The  avi^pgji  ^ff;  * 
inatipn  of  ice  round  the  ship^,  during  the  time  ve;;C9i|ein!|U>d  ,|ipi 
tibmove  it,  was  usually  from  three  to  five  inches  ip.  tvr^tyrK^^ 
hours;  and  once  it  froze  eight  inches  in  twenty*six  houra^tfefJAaii 
<i|mpcratnre  of  the  atmosphere  being—  12*.  fAtnoononthe  S7tJb, 
ve  saw,  for  the  first  tinie  at  this  hour,  a  star.of  t|(c#pt  n)|igq|^eu||p 
{Cf^eUa\  and  at  half  an  hour  past  noon,  those  of,  the  second^  tuagr 
nitude  in  Ursa  Major  were  visible ;  which  circumstance  will,  p^ 
hipSf  give  the  best  idearof  the  weakness  of  the  sun's  light  at  ik^ 
jieriod.  At  three  P.M.  a  remarkable  variety  of  the  Auroim  JS^ 
Tcalis  was  seen  by  several  of  the  officers.  Having  about  thiii^Qie 
been  confined  for  a  few  days  to  my  cabin  by  indisposition,  I  am 
indebted  to  Lieutenant  Beechy  for  the  following  description  of  it;: 
»-'>  Clouds  of  a  light-brown  colour  were  seen*  diveir^g|raiq(i^  A 
point  near  the  horizon  bearing  S.W.b.8.,  and  shootuig  pei«p;ila>>fiC 
rays  upwards  at  an  angle  of  about  45*  with  the  horizofi.  »>^l|S8e 
rays,  however,  were  not  stationary  as  to  their  position,  but  i^^ 
occasionally  extended  and  contracted.  ,  From  behind  these^  as  it 
S4l>peared,to  us,  flauihes  of  white  light  were  repeatedly  seen,  whic^ 
sometimes  stremned  across  to  the. opposite  horizon,  aomepaMtci^, 
through  the  zenith,  others  at  a  considerable  distance  on,each„aM|e 
of  it.  This  phenomenon  continued  to  display  itself  br^l!^nUy,  par 
half  an  hour,  vut  then  became  graduE.Uy  f)unl»:r  till  i^  disfitppiarf  4* 
about  four  o'clock.  The  sun,  at  the  time  of  the  first  appewnmce  of 
this  meteor,  was  on  nearly  the  same  bearing,  and  about  five  de- 
grees, below  the  horizon." 

^    The  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  having,  about  the- IBlh,^  be- 
come considembly  lower  than  before,  the  cracking  of  the  timbers 


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getl^  in  An  hour  or  t#o  ftftef  this  Ml  hid  taVMl  ^ee'  in  th»  th«f^ 
A^MIfetti>  Mid  did  not  oeeul"  ii|Mft  it  th^  •MK«^«Ni]^)«Vtflir«  duHn^ 
tH  iHtitier.  The  #i«id  IlklWiiff  fi^eiH  fUditf 'ih^  lH>tlhWi»di  iriiMf  i 
hMiT  iiiow^drift,  Midifi  thi  lAin  Vitly  till#'*bll01^r  •«  fHnfithtt 
li|tadir«|id  other  VapOiif  MCii«^kt6d  dur)i%im«'  dttht  in  th^lMd* 
^  '  'ibd  UpM  <he  beitttv,  arid  thfltl  i<ntti«d$kf^  f^2« :  h0ne«  if 
fited  idl  liitfids  fof  t'^o  ^  tlf»6^  h«ftii«  ik^ 
kt  awajr,  in  ofd«<>  to  pttteat  the  be^diti|f  fH>M  bi£«m*^ 
,^tbtiticte»wi  tit  tHh^tHttiift  OtciMii^A^  Wfthk  UttM,  It 
lAjdieiefore  fottfld  ni^titaifft^fie^tpit^k^ilit^iteiitibmfeHt 
dislv'iif  nighty  ^en  the'ifi«»nloih«t«i'  Wii*l  t>eloW-v  ir  oi:  ^  iio* 
eiit,  eipedillV  Whe'ib  th«  Whkd  Wfti  m^jhi  T*  Miiit  III' 
rionrei'  cU6!^<#alrtii,  M  ^i^A ^'t&¥e%ittAi  ift  Miil«  «n|;lll 
^fl^thrlbrtilMidii  6'F1)^'Mliediit«if  MtOMtitC  With  th^kt^ri*^ 
1^,^^  bMikM'  the^Mo#  Up  iigahidt  •  th^f  iideft^  if  N}|(h  M  th^ 
'  niiii )  Kiid  eMv»iiid^^i)t(  Wef^  ftMikd  l^lMd  ill  <lie  Il)lldf4 
tl^htlowtt^-deijki;-^^ •'■■'■  //'••. r.T-     ,        ,    ■.,  ,,7r, 

f.^||r«  of  the  secoitd  Migdiiiide  ih 'dnM  M^(»r  wtk  Tii# 
I^Ckpiii^totliltl  naked  ^y«k  little  if^^tjlb^b!^l*' day'^iAd  th^' 

^i^i^ittte^aii*  itif^ai^d  lUihtit'ih  iihefi^  kt  iAmv 

Jitb^i^i  %ime  out^  tnedleal  getltleMetl  beph  fO  riUiark  th6  W 
tifipr^ciiK)^  With  nrhltl^  ^btts  of  el^el^  klhd  hfcttl«d ;  k  dl^cltiAi^ 
stit^is  Hiit  t-e«d<^^d  it  ttte  moi%  neeeMkit  ^^  eini^otlk  In  6*po0- 
iM0m  WH^  tii  'Irdii-^ii^,  lest  the  ion^  m^M^  Md  Want  of  «k<it^ 
clW^f  i^#g  i%«  by^  of  «oi-e'f  Ml  oth^r  i^eitk^^^Mlkgivi^oilid  ^ 
d#«  ikl^iw  efffeaii  ttJiOrf'thtJ  freheral  hekRH^WWie  Jiitlfe^^      ■  ^  ' 

^ifWtfi  Midnight,  bUm^somi  tin  two  o'eibttk^ch^  fdlteWlkf 
ilii^ikg,  ihie^thetn^biMafef  jliditi  fmm^  ktfd  a«  failW 

pti0l^mi  i^isi^mm6n  fiH^m  the  norihWRfd,  whlfeh  eoneittued'td^ 
b|ife,' kdtf  the  thM4to(M^  tiH  th^  lattef  hkd^ 

reiel^^4ei^ilt''kt  hiidttlght.'  ThB  Wiit  on6'oFi  kt^kt  th^ny  itnltitt^ 
clkfwhiV'oeaitVdd'diiHng^  thfe  WlWtef,  of  ah  itib^^  of  Wind,  A-dffi 
Wiit|Wtttikttt^^b  liii^  in^  W 

tf^§ii^^e&r.    Th#  t«fr^  ifionti^nied  itlUn^  fOf-  the  ^r^lMr  pmW 
tl^^o'feHoWi<ir^darfiv  With  k  tHerti^taddUs  liioW^fif^,  WWt*  kiip\i^ 
v^iSi^miMrdm  the  t^ernbic^n  Of  the  t3d.    ih  the  Urit^kti  tiHto^ 
attothii'  pla3r  hkd  h\r^h'])^aWd,  ^nd  oiir  6^hd  teffof^b^;  l« 
^!b1i  the  ti^Wii  hadlh^eiikkiibfis^ldokhilt  fb^ 
ibistvp^0tifihes4Ak^  '        ■•■■'■-'''''•'""■-      ■'■.■■■■' 

^liet^Hi&ttjfcyaturfe  of  the  ahlt^'  hold«,  at  ^14  ilM^,  Waft  k^ner^j^ 
f^ar  ttr  d4*,  the  kfti»liik^  bei%  klWt^'iiyii  Wki-fiit<ft«J  khd'# 
cbk^ilji^^  tti^kkititv  of  the>  befer  was  fbtihd  frdeiti Ik  m'tiMkm 
T)i6thkrtkOkiett^«eUidiritbse^  higher  th^h  ^cy^'^n  the  loWtfi^deekf 
thrpn^ot  the  day.    Qp  the  26th  in  thf  4ibtt^ing,  sbttte  vifB 
cbitucttoabf  the  AtirotkBc^klis  Were  ottkefVcdf^kiS,  tt)N.W., 


100 


teMlh..  ■'    ;■''    '' ■' ■■^i<»< ■''*     '■     ■  •    '''  .ii<    ■■     ■  '  iwjir.  •■  S}>-^r->« 

^'^fiifty  ki  iIm  flieffiw^ii  t>f  tb«  <ltcb#  i:««tii^  Sibin*  ^bifnri^Wt 
HMn  metMr  fUl^tyilM'grobodiiii  th<r  W.  hy  Wv^  wot  t|iipiiif  U^ 
ittotii  thM  k  hiiM  dlitihtt  It  fell  Oairlfy  with  r  faim  wMm  Um 
wfikh  iflOftMid  CMsidet-ably  M  if  sppnoached  th«;««rt&  ;  Wlwtt 
fiVlt  «eiil,  Iff  fa«i||hf  W*«  about  •*  of  l(f ,  tad  th«'diMMDt  opt^^elMd 
psttMndlcilkiy^iorMartf  to.  Tb«  atdioi|>hero  aii  thit'  tioMt  vinaim 
markably  clear.  Soon  after  the  moon  rose  this  afteraoen^  il  tNit 
ewioittlf  dcfofllMNi  by  rtfractkw,  the  )6wtt  edgea df ^ttadial^ «p- 
|Wiri«r>1iidiMt«d  #iUi  dMp  nofckea,  tod  at  other  Unci  *cbbiv 
mir  to  i»<tiNroil  siiitiire  at  the  botlom#'  A  shigk  vpf^  be>railnra 
eaibdiif  iif>^4tght^  df  tha  Mme  dlamoMraa  iht  mooii)  #a«aifoi)b» 
MnrK^  to'dMetffid  firam  it  to  the  top  of  the  hlU^  like  •  piDari  ao|i» 
pdniii»  Iti  On  lAite  and  the  two  toUiowing  stghta^  weivere  otu 
rapi«fcf  ftvtn  ilVe  10  Mven  houm  in  taking  lunar  diataaceain  the 

rifliff  the  tftenllotAeter  being  from  *<m  34^  to-^36T.<  ^Thia^e 
without  any  matavlal  incodvcntence^  at  hxif  $»  this  weather 
continued  leatffl  or  nuiiify  so  {  but  with  a  mti^erate  breezcf  it^Mon 
btl:aa^e  foo  paittHul  to  handle  tho  acrewa  of  th^  aettant^  ^liadyv 
Ai\k\tf  ofmaking  observations  itk  this  dimata  is  not,  hoi#etery  con» 
flaed  to  the  i«nsatioft  of  eold  proddcedby  handling  tha  i^sttit mchta^ 
or  by  standing  still  for  several  hours  together  at  so  lowa'tempento' 
koft  f  btft  it  is^alto  ike^eMttry  to  hold  the  breath  Very^oU'efttlly  thir- 
iff»fhi<^ihe  of  iftaklntf'  the^baerracioif  rforif  the  Ictit  Vapour  be 
itll^tl^  to  moudt  thefftstrumeii^  hi  is  immediately  eoriverted  iinfo 
a  ooan  ^f  Dsev  ^hitlk' diihs  the  glat^cs,  and  renders  the  imitiiiunieht 
fmai»^lc«fiibla  till  tha  ie&  hflb  been  thawed^  and  <thtr  inatrumene 
thorottgihly  d^an«d.  >  0ur  sattanta  were  si»mewhai  injured^ iar^a 
aokl  weaihef,  by  lfee<6Meking  of  the  silver  on  thehotizon  andinV 
das  glaMts,  atl^ittg^'M  we  supposedr  from  the  unequal  conttvctiod 
Of  dte  two  aubitaneas.  The  mercury  of  the  artificiid  horiaool 
A>0l&e  Into  asolSd mass  as  we  were  ob«enritt|f the  moon^idtitude 
iti  itt  althoiigh  the  thermometer  on  ahore  indicated  only ^^i^aft*^ 
This  Was  probably  owing  to  the  mercury  having  become  adultorat* 
ed  by  admixture  with  the  lead  <^  the  troughSf  which  diapOaed  it 
to  coital  ai  a  highar  temperature  thantche  fraezing  point  of  pbre 

mercury.    *»-■•*'    -;;-■-■■  ■Urr^■l^y^  '  :v  .    ;.-  n^^-iri^' 

At  half-pair  six  FiM;,  on  the  lat  of  December,  part  of  a  cinru- 
lat  halo,  wiloAi  radtbs  was  23**  ^S',  wat  observed  round  the  mooni 
whieh  was  near  the  fbH.  Part  Of  a  wett'defined  horiiiontal  circle 
of  white  light,  paisiag  through  the  moon,  extended  also  for  aeveral 
d«greea  Ott  eaeh  side  of  bar,  and  in  the  points  where  thik  circle  in* 
tctaect«d  the  hato^  were  two  prismatic  spots  of  light,  oirparaaelciuB» 
in  that  pan  of  Uie  halo  which  was  immediately  over  themoon,  waa 
aaoth^f  spot  much  brighter }  and  oppoaite  to  tt»  in  the  loiwer  part 
Of  thedrdie,  another  similar|bttt  machmora  faint  About  the  aama 


'h 


i* 


vJ 


H 


110 


tifB%  wtlM  foOowing  tvwing,  twocoBMiMrie  cInIm  wm*  ^ 
«tftir«d  rvHind  the  nooa,  the  radiut  of  the  aftjilicr  being  3g*,  tad  of 
tb#  hurger  46*.  Upon  the  Inner  eirde  were  fotirpinMckniB,  ttrongb 
l^pflHMtiCf  titoit^d  with  feipect  to  the  mono  ■»  on  the  preetding 
4tiyi  Mii there  wm  elto.  n  farnt  horizontal  circle  of  wniie  li|^ 
nnieing  throQ^'h  the  nloon  m  before.  The  weather  waeinc^i 
Dodi  umie  li^uicet,  but  there  wat  ttill  a  sort  of  hai»neaa  Ui  tht 
ntMoephere  which  prevented  the  heavenly  bodiee  being  veiy  dt^  • 
tinctfy'eeen.-  -  ■  •  ,•.•-*!»  /■■■!' 

On  the  iOdi,  at  two  P.M.,  Captain  Sabine  obeerved  ntnMdl  Mm* 
teer  fall  in  the  direction  of  N.N.W.  from  thethipe,  •inilarlftcha'^ 
metir  and  appearance  to  that  teen  on  the  Mth  of  Nnveonber,  «t« 
cipt  that  the  light  wan  not  so  vivid,  and  it'waa  e^tingiiiahedr  ili^ 
atrad  of  ^burning  more  fiercely,  before  it  reached  the  earth.  Abottt 
^Stm  time  we  were  a  good  deal  annoyed  for  some  daya  together  bjr 
lile  thermometer  continuing  higher  than  uaualt  t^  wind  being 
Irom  me  E.S.£.y  which  caused  a  considerable  degtvt  of  dampneta 
hetween  deelcs,  in  consequence  of  the  ice  thawing  in  eveky  crevien 
<#here  it  could  not  readily  be  removed  in  any  other  way.  Thia 
annojrance  could  only  be  got  rid  of  by  constant  wiping,  andhy  in* 
a«aung^e  fires  for  the  time :  bu^  when  the  thermometer  fell  to 
15*  or  to*  below  zero»  it  again  became  solid,  and  cease4  toba  an 
hiieonvenience.'  .-    - 

.,  On  the  14ch  of  December,  the  day  was  beautifully  eerene  ai^ 
dear,  and  there  waa  more  redness  in  the  southern  slcv  about  tooon, 
than  there  had  been  for  many  days  before  ;  the  tints,  in<Medt  might 
dmost  be  cdled  prismatic.  At  six  P.M.,  the  Aurora  Bqrealia 
was  seen,  forming  twd  concentric  arches,  passing  from  die  western 
hortxon  on  each  side  of  the  zenith  to  within  30*  of  the  oppoaim 
horizon^  resting  <hi  a  dark  cloud  about  seven  degrees  high,  frnni 
behind^which  the  light  appeared  to  issue,,  and  partially  streamii% 
fipmn  die  cloud  td  the  zenith.  No  eflect  was  produced  by  it  on 
the  electrbmeter  or  the  magnetic  needle.  The  appearance!  have 
just  described  of  the  light  seeming  to  issue  from  behind  an  obscure 
cloud,  is-  a  very  common  one  t  it  is  not  always,  however,  easy-  to 
tell  whether  any  cloud  really  exists,  or  whether  the  appearance  is 
a  deception  arising  from  the  vivid  light  of  the  Aurora  being  con- 
trasted with  the  darker  colour  of  the  sky  near  it. 

On  the'l7di,  in  the  morning,  this  phenomenon  was  agdn  ob- 
aerved,  being  a  stationary  fuot  light  from  S.W.  to  W.8.  W^-  The 
breeze  freshened  up  string  from  the  eastward,  and  the  thermome- 
ter graduidly  rosev  as  usual,  till  at  four  P.M.  it  had  reached  zeroy 
being  the  fifit  time  that  it  had  stood  so  high  since  the  5th  of  No- 
iN»tiben '*  The  water  in  the  Hecla-s  pump-well  had,  by  this  timey 
become  completely  frozen,  so  that  it  was  no  longer  possiJUe  to  wor^ 
the  pumps,  in  What  manner  the  pumps  could  be  kept  free  und<«r 
such  drcomstances,  if  it  were  found  necessary,  I  do  not  know,  as 


tltart  wpttld  h»n  Imm  •  risk  of  damagiog  the  lowtr  put  «f  ditMy 
ia  dHaching  the  ic4  from  it  to  malie  the  cxperiaent.  Tht  UMla. 
bowsver,  WM  to  tight  m  not  to  require  it }  m  •  proof  of  fihicllH 
need  only  be  mcntioiied,  that  the  tame  twenty  inches  of  ico  vhMl 
«M  formed  about  thia  period,  remained  without  any  addltiqli^ 
mbK9  than  els  oftMitha,  during  which  time  she  was  never  oihni 
pumped  out  f  and  the  only  inconvenience  Uiat  retulted  from  thi4 
was  the  accumulation  of  a  small  Quantity  of  ice  among  the  coala  it 
the  lower  part  of  die  fore  and  mam  holds. 

About  this  part  of  the  winter,  we  began  to  experience  a  man  wdtt 
lious  inconvenience  from  the  bursting  of  the  lemon-juica  bottlta 
1^:  frost,  the  whole  contento  being  frequently  frozen  into  •  aoll4 
msas,  except  a  small  |>ortion  of  highly-concentrated  acid  In  dM  can* 

St^^.whichf  in  most  .instances,  was  found  to  have  leaked  oav  M 
\%  when  the  ice  was  thawed,  it  was  little  better  than  wat«r»  Tldb 
«viL  increased  to  a  very  alarming  degree  in  ^e  course  of  the  wla* 
ter:  some  cases  being  opened  in  which  more  than  two-thlrdaMNt 
the  lemon-juice  was  thus  destroyed,  and  the  remainder  re^riA 
nearly  inefficient.  It  was  at  first  supposed  that  this  accident  miriit 
have  been  prevented  by  not  quite  filling  the  bottles,  but  U  waa 
afterwards  touhd,  that  the  corks  flying  out  did  not  save  than  fiwtf 
breaking.  We  observed  that  the  greatest  damage  was  done  i» 
Ihose  cases  which  were  stowed  nearest  to  the  ship's  side,  anl  w% 
therefore,  removed  all  the  rest  amidshiM,  a  precaution  whfob^  had 
it  been  sooner  known  and  adopted,  would  probably  have  praveatad, 
at  least,  a, part  of  the  mischief.  The  vinegar,  also,  becaoie  frotiH 
in  the  casks  in  the  same  manner,  and  lost  a  great  d«ial  of  ita  acidi- 
ty when  thawed.  This  circumstances  conferred  an  additional 
value  on  a  few  gallons  of  very  highly  concentrated  vinegar*  which 
had.  been  sent  out  on  trial,  upon  this  and  the  preceding  voyage,  and 
which»  when  mixed  with  six  or  seven  times  its  own  quatttity  of 
water*  was  sufficiently  acid  for  every  purpose. ,  This  vinegar,  when 
exposed  ^  the  temperature  of  25*  below  zero*  congealed^only  into 
a  consistence  like  that^  of  the  thickest  honey,  but  was  never  au^ 
fioiently  hard  to  break  any  vessel  which  contained  it.  Thew  can 
be.no  doubt,  therefore,  that  on  this  account,  as  well  at  to  save 
stowage,  this  kind  of  vinegar  should  exclusively  be  used  in  these 
regions ;  and,  for  similar  reasons,  of  stiU  greater  impoirtance*  the 
lemoo-iuice  should  be  concentrated. 

On  the  19th,  the  weather  being  fine  and  clear,  the  Aurora  B»> 
realis  appeared  frequently  at  different  times  of  the  day«  generallv 
from  the  south  to  the  W.N.W.  quarters,  and  not  very  vivid.  From 
eight  P.M.  till  midnight,  hoiyever,  it  became  more  brilUant,  apd 
broke  out  in  every  part  of  the  heavens,.heing  generalfy  most  bri^ 
from  .8.8. W.  to.S.  W.,  where  it  h^d  the  appearance  of  emaromg 
from  behind  a  dark  cloud  about  five  degrees  above  the  hoi4zmi» 
We  could  not,  however,  help  ieeling.  some  IdjaappoifOiment  in  nol 
havrag  yet  witnessed  this  beautiful  pheaomenon  in  any  degree  of 


1 


In 


\  \ 


112 


ptHbetiom  «rtilcli  €o«ld  lit  conpared  to  thtt  w^hmtmn  m  IImc 
mi^^rin  the  iUtuCic  absiit  A«  mum  latitadc  m  thcM  idandt* 
On  tlMotonifaMor  thetodi,  4m  Aaron  BmwIU  •gftk  «uid«  in 
mmmmcn  tm  OK  N.W.,  wMck  wm  mmw  m  the  aonliwwd  thm 
•Mud}  it  Imit  rcMMbltd  cm MMdl  bright  cIomU,  the  om  mm^ 
touthiwthe  odier,  and  behig  ifcottt  Mvcn  dtrnmntkov  tha  h6> 
riseo*  TheM  mnttined  qnit«  ttntionMry  lor  hdKnn  honr,«ndtlitn 
broke  up  into  •trtams  shooting  mpidl^  towards  th«  onnith. 

We  had  now  reached  the  thorteet  day  (Dec.  gBd),and  sueh  was 
the  oeonation  which  we  had  hitherto  contrived  to  find  during  the 
first  halt  of  our  long  and  gloomy  winter,  that  the  aiiicicnese  with 
wUeh  it  had  come  upon  us  was  a  enbject  of  general  remaifc.  80 
bit^  indeed,  were  we  from  wanting  that  occupation  of  which  I  had 
baes«pptehensive,espcclally  among  the  men,  that  it  accidentallf 
ciiie  to  my  knowledge,  about  thie  period,  that  ihejr  comphuned  of 
■at  havfaBg  time  to  mend  their  dochcs.  This  complaint  I  was  aa 
jjiad  t»  hear,  as  desirous  to  wctify  {  and  I  therefore  ordered  that,  in 
mxuk,  one  afternoon  in  each  vieek  ahould  be  set  mide  fpr  that  par- 
iftinlarpin'poee. 

The  dreumetances  of  our  situation  being  such  as  have  never 
before  4)eeurred  to  the  ewws  of  any  of  his  majesty's  ships,  it  may 
not,  nMtiiqM»  be  considered  wholly  unintereetiog  to  know  in  iHint 
manner  our  time  was  thus  so  fully  occupied  throughout  the  lon|[ 
and  severe  winter,  wiiich  it  was  our  lot  to  experience,  and  parti- 
Cttiai4y  during  a  three  moMi'e  interval  of  nearly  total  daikneae* 

Tlie  ofikers  and  quarter'^masters  were  divided  into  four  watehes, 

ider  of  the 
;  undUsturb- 
both 
decks  mvve  wcU  rubbed  with  Mones  and  warm  sand  before  «igbt 
«/clp(9c,«(t  which  time,  as  usual  at  eea,  both  oflicers  and  men  w«ht 
to  bfetdcfost.  Hiree  quarters  of  an  hour  being  allowed  after  break- 
Cut  for  the  nMtt  to  prepare  diemselves  for  muster,  we  then  heat  to 
^visions  pwnctuaUy  at  a  quarter  past  nine,  when  every  person  on 
bowrd  attended  on  the  quarter-deck,  and  a  strict  inspection  of  the 
mnn  took  place,  as  to  their  personal  cleaaliness,  and  tht  good  con- 
^^tibn,  aa  wte&  as  sufficient  warmth,  of  their  dothing.  The  reports 
of  thenfibers  having  been  made  to  me,  Uie  peo^e  were  then  d- 
lowed  to  walk  about,  or,  more  usually,  to  run  round  the  nnpar 
dock,  while  I  wem  down  to  examine  the  atate  of  that  below,  ac- 
eompaniedt  as  I  before  mentioned,  by  Lieutenant  Beeohey  and  Mr. 
lid  wards.  The  stiite  of  this  dede  ma^jr  be  said,  indeed,  to  have 
oonstituted  «he  chief  aource  of  our  anxiety,  and  to  have  occupied 
hjp^for'Ae  greatest  share  of  our  attention  at  this  period.  When<^ 
ever  imy  diumpness  appeared,  or,  whit  more  frequently  happened, 
any  aeenmulailon  of  ice  taking  place  during  the  preceding  night, 
the  neeeiaaif«aaMlrei«  immediately  adopted  »»  removing  it; 


113 


.A.,^  Su^iL^i^ 


in  Ihe  former  case  uiuaOy  by  rubbing  the  wood  with  clothi,  and 
then  directing  the  warm  uir-pipc  towards  the  place^}  and  in  the 
latter,  by  scraping  off  the  ice  so  as  to  prevent  its  wetting  the  deck 
by  any  accidental  increase  of  temperature.  In  this  respect  the 
bedopfaces  were  particularly  troublesome ;  the  inner  partition,  or 
that  next  the  ship's  side,  being  almost  invariably  covered  with 
more  or  less  dampness  or  ice»  according  to  the  temperature  of  the 
deck  during  the  preceding  nisht.  This  inconvenience  might  to 
a  great  degree  have  been  avoided,  by  a  sufficient  quantity  of  fuel 
to  keep  up  two  good  fires  on  the  lower  deck,  throughout  the  twen- 

X-four  hours ;  but  our  stock  of  coab  would  by  no  means  permit 
is,  bearing  in  mind  the  possibility  of  our  spending  a  second  win- 
ter within  Uie  Arctic  circle }  and  this  comfort  could  only,  there- 
fore, be  allowed  on  a  few  occasions,  during  the  most  severe  part 
of  the  winter. 

In  the  course  of  my  examination  of  the  lower  deck,  I  had  al-, 
ways  an  opportunity  of  seeing  those  few  men  who  were  on  the 
sick  list,  and  of  receiving  from  Mr.  Edwards  a  report  of  their  res- 
pective cases  i  as  also  of  consulting  that  gentleman  as  to  the  meana 
of  improving  the  warmth,  ventilation,  and  general  comfort  of  the 
inhabited  parts  of  the  ship.  Having  performed  this  du^f  we  re- 
turned to  the  upper  deck,  where  I  personally  inspected  the  men  ( 
after  which  they  were  sent  out  to  walk  on  shore  when  the  weather 
would  permit,  till  noon,  when  they  returned  on  board  to  their  din- 
ner. When  the  day  was  too  inclement  for  them  to  take  this  exer- 
cise, they  were  ordered  to  run  round  and  round  the  deck,  keeping 
step  to  a  tune  on  the  organ,  or,  not  unfrequently,  to  a  song  of  their 
own  singing.  Among  the  men  were  a  few  who  did  not  at  first 
quite  like  this  systematic  mode  of  taking  exercise ;  but  when  they 
round  that  no  plea,  except  that  of  illness,  was  admitted  as  an  ex- 
ciise,  they  not  only  willingly  and  che;rfuUy  complied,  but  made  it 
the  occasion  of  much  humour  and  f  .coi;c  among  themselves,    v 

The  officers,  who  dined  at  two  o'clock,  ti^ere  also  in  the  habit  of 
occupying  one  or  two  hours  in  the  middle  of  the  day  in  ramblins 
on  shore,  even  in  our  darkest  period*  except  when  a  fresh  wind 
and  a  heavy  snow-drift  confined  them  within  the  housmg  of  the 
ships.  It  may  be  well  imagined  that  at  this  period  there  was  but 
little  to  be  met  with  in  our  walks  on  shore^  which  could  either 
amuse  or  interest  us.  The  necessity  of  not  exceeding  the.  limited 
distance  of  one  or  two  miles,  lest  a  •now-drift,  which  often  rises 
very  suddenly,  should  prevent  our  return,  added  considerably  tp 
the  dull  and  tedious  monotony  which,  day  after  day,  presented  iU 
self.  To  the  southward  was  the  sea,  covered  with  one  unbroken 
surface  of  ice,  uniform  in  its  dazzling  whiteness*  except  that,  in 
some  parts,  a  few  hummocks  were  seen  thrown  up  somewhat  above 
the  general  leveL  Nor  did  the  land  offer  much  ipreater  variety,  be- 
ing almoat  entirely  covered  witib  snow»  except  here  and  there  a 

P 


114 

brown  patch  of  bare  ground  in  tome  exposed  situations,  where  the 
wind  had  not  allowed  the  snow  to  remain.  When  viewed  Arom  the 
summit  of  the  neighbouring  hilb,  on  one  of  those  calm  and  clear 
days,  which  not  unfrequently  occurred  durine  the  winter,  the  scene 
was  such  as  to  induce  contemplations,  which  had*  perhaps,  more 
of  melancholy  than  of  any  other  feeling.  Not  an  object  was  to  be 
seen  on  which  the  eye  could  long  rest  with  pleasure,  unless  when 
directed  to  the  spot  where  the  ships  lay,  and  where  our  little  co- 
lony was  planted.  The  smoke  which  there  issued  from  the  seve- 
ral  fires,  affording  a  certain  indication  of  the  presence  of  man,  gave 
a  partial  cheerfulness  to  this^oart  of  the  prospect;  and  the  sound 
of  voices  which,  during  the  cold  weather,  could  be  heard  at  a  much 
greater  distance  than  usual,  served  now  and  then  to  break  the  si- 
lence which  reigned  around  ua»  a  silence  far  difTerent  from  that 
peaceable  composure  which  characterises  the  landscape  of  a  citld- 
vated  country ;  it  was  the  death-like  stillness  of  the  most  dreary 
desolation,  and  the  total  absence  of  animated  existence.  Such,  in- 
deed, was  the  want  of  objects  to  afford  relief  to  the  eye,  or  amuse- 
ment to  the  mind,  that  a  stone  of  more  than  usual  size  appearing 
above  the  snow,  in  the  direction  in  which  we  were  going,  imme- 
diately became  a  mark,  on  which  oi'.r  eyes  were  uncoasciously 
fixed,  and  towards  which  we  mechanically  advanced. 

Dreary  as  such  a  scene  must  necessarily  be,  it  could  not,  how- 
ever, be  ssttd  to  be  wholly  wantinip;  in  iiMereat,  especially  when  as^ 
sociated  in  the  mind  widbi  the  peculiarity  of  our  sitOatiMi,  the  ob- 
ject whick  had  brought  u&  liCther,  and  thei  hopes  which  tbt  least 
sanguine  among  us  amnctimea  entertained,  of  speadiw  a  part  of 
our  next  inntef  in  tbemore  ga»ial  climate  of  the  South<#eiiislaBCb. 
vPerhajn,  too,  though  none  of  us  then  ventured  to  confess  it,  ^ur 
^UMight|  would  sometimes  involuntarily  wamikr  homewards,  >i^ 
instittite  a  comparimn  bHwecn  the  ruraed  face  of  nature  in  Uiis 
desolate  regioQ,  and  die  Uvelier  aspect  of  the  happy  land  which  we 
had  left  behind  us. 

We  had  frequent  occasion,  io  our  Walks  on  shore,  to  remark  l^e 
deception  wh^ch  takes  place  in  estimating  the  distance  and  magni- 
tude of  objects,  when  viewed  over  an  unvaried  surface  of  sdow. 
Jt  was  not  uncommQU  fior'ua  fo  direct  owe  steps  towards  what  we 
took  to  be  a  lar^  mass  of  stone,  at  the  distance  of  half  9  mile 
from  us,  but  which  we  were  able  to  take  up  in  our  hands  after  one 
minute's  walk.  This  was  nu>re  particularly  the  case  when  ascend- 
ing the  brow  of  a  bill,  nor  did  we  find  that  the  deception  became 
less,  on  account  of  the  frequency  with  whkh  we  experienced  itis 
effects.  .-    ,  \  ,  ■'#    ■'  . 

In  the  aiWmoon  the  men  were  usually  occu|^ed  in  d1ra#ing^  and 
knottmg  yarns,  aiMl  in  making  points  and  gaskcits ;  a  never-failing 
resource,  where  is^re  occupatiou  is  required,  and  which  it  was  ne- 
cessary to  perform  entirely  on  the  lower  d«ck,  the  y«ms  becomhsg 


• 


115 

so  hard  and  britde,  when  exposed  on  deck  to  the  temperature  of 
the  atmosphere,  as  to  be  too  stifF  for  working,  and  very  easily  bro- 
Jcen.  I  may  in  this  place  remark*  that  our  lower  rigging  became 
extremely  slack  during  the  severity  of  the  winter,  and  gradually 
tightened  again  as  the  spring  returned ;  effects  the  very  reverse  of 
those  which  we  had  anticipated,  and  which  I  can  only  account  for 
by  the  extreme  dryness  of  the  atmosphere  in  the  middle  of  winter, 
and  the  subsequent  increase  of  moisture. 

At  half-past  five  in  the  evening,  the  decks  were  cleared  up,  and 
at  six  we  again  beat  to  divisions,  when  the  same  examination  of 
the  men  and  of  their  births  and  bed-places  took  place  as  in  the 
morning;  the  people  then  went  to  their  supper,  and  the  officers  to 
tea.  After  this  time  the  men  were  permitted  to  amuse  themselves 
as  they  pleased,  and  games  of  various  kinds.  Ah  well  as  dancing 
and  singing  occasionally »  went  on  upon  the  lower  deck  till  nine 
o'clock*  when  they  went  to  bed*  and  their  lights  were  extinguished. 
In  order  to  guard  against  accidents  by  fire,  where  so  many  fires 
and  Hghts  were  necessarily  in  use,  the  quarter-mastera  visited  the 
lower  deck  every  half  hour  during  the  night,  and  made  their  re- 
port to  the  officers  of  the  watches  that  all  was,  in  this  respect,  safe 
below ;  and  to  secure  a  ready  supply  of  water  in  case  of  fire,  a  hole 
was  cut  twice  a  day  in  the  ice,  close  alongside  each  ship.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  add,  that  the  evening  occupations  of  the  offi- 
cers were  of  a  more  rational  kind  than  those  which  engaged  the- 
attention  of  the  men.  Of  these*  reading  and  writing  were  the 
principal  employments*  to  which  were  occasionally  added  a  game 
at  chess,  or  a  tune  on  the  flute  or  violin,  till  half-past  ten,  about 
which  time  we  all  retired  to  rest. 

Such  were  the  employments  which  usually  occupied  us  for  six 
days  in  the  week,  with  such  exceptions  only  as  dircumstances  at 
the  time  suggested.  On  Sundays,  divine  service  was  invariably 
performed,  and  a  sermon  read  on  board  both  ships ;  the  prayer 
appointed  to  be  daily  used  at  sea  being  altered,  so  as  to  adapt  it 
to  the  service  in  which  we  were  engaged,  the  success  which  had 
hitherto  attended  our  efforts*  and  the  peculiar  circumstances  under 
which  we  were  at  present  placed.  The  attention  paid  by  the  men 
to  the  observance  of  their  religious  duties,  was  such  as  to  reflect 
upon  them  the  highest  credit,  and  tended  in  no  small  degree  M  the 
preservation  of  that  regularity  and  good  conduct,  far  which,  with 
very  few  exceptions,  Uiey  were  invariably  distinguished. 

Our  theatrical  entertainments  took  place  regulai^  once  a  fort- 
night, and  continued  to  prove  a  source  of  infinite  amusement  to 
thejAien.  Our  stock  of  plays  was  so  scanty,  consisting  only  of 
one^  two  volumes,  which  happened  accidenjidly  to  be  on  board, 
that  it  was  with  difficulty  we  could  find  the  means  of  varying  the 
performances  sufficiently ;  our  authors,  therefore,  set  to  work,  and 
produced,  as  a  Christmas  piece,  a  musical  entertainment,  expressly 


»l 


!f 


If 


/J 


> 

pi 


P 


i   i\ 


116 

adapted  to  our  audience,  and  having  such  a  reference  to  the  ler- 
vice  on  which  we  were  engaged,  and  the  success  we^had  so  far  ex- 
perienced, as  at  once  to  afford  a  high  degree  of  present  recreation, 
and  to  stimulate,  if  possible,  the  sanguine  hopes  which  were  enter- 
tained by  all  on  board,  of  the  complete  accomplishment  of  our  en- 
terprise. We  were  at  one  time  apprehensive,  that  the  severity  of 
the  wekther  would  have  prevented  the  continuance  of  this  amuse- 
ment, but  the  perseverance  of  the  officers  overcame  every  difficulty ; 
and,  perhaps  for  the  first  time  since  theatrical  entertainments  were 
invented,  more  than  one  or  two  plays  ^ere  performed,  on  board  the 
Hecla,  with  the  thermometer  below  zero  on  the  stage. 

The  North  Georgia  Gazette^  which  I  have  already  mentioned, 
was  a  source  of  great  amusen^ent,  not  only  to  the  contributors,  but 
to  those  who,  from  diffidence  of  their  own  talents,  or  other  reasons, 
could  not  be  prevailed  on  to  add  their  mite  to  the  little  stock  of 
literary  composition,  which  was  weekly  demanded  ;  for  those  who 
declined  to  write  were  ncit  unwilling  to  read,  and  more  ready  to 
triticise  than  those  who  wielded  the  pen  ;  but  it  was  that  good-hu- 
moured sort  of  criticism  that  could  not  give  offence.  The  subjects 
handled  in  this  paper  were,  of  course,  various,  but  generally  ap- 
plicable to  our  own  situation.  Of  its  merits  or  defects  it  will  not 
be  necessary  for  me  to  say  any  thing  here,  as  I  find  that  the  officers, 
who  were  chiefly  concerned  in  carrying  it  on,  have  agreed  to  print- 
it  for  the  entertainment  of  their  friends  ;  the  publisher  being  at  li;- 
berty,  after  supplying  each  with  a  certain  number  of  copies,  to  dis- 
pose of  the  rest. 

The  return  of  each  successive  day  had  been  always  very  deci- 
dedly marked  by  a  considerable  twilight  for  some  time  about  noon, 
that  on  the  shortest  dtiy  being  sufficient,  to  enable  us  to  walk  out 
very  comfortably  for  nearly  two  hours.  There  was  usually,  in 
clear  weather,  a  beautiful  arch  of  bright  red  light,  overspreading 
the  southern  horizon  for  an  hour  or  two  before  and  after  noon,  the 
light  increasing,  of  course,  in  strength,  as  the  sun  approached  the 
meridian.  Short  as  the  day  now  was,  if  indeed  any  part  of  the 
twenty-four  hours  could  properly  be  called  by  that  name,  the  reflec- 
tion of  light  from  the  snow,  aided  occasionally  by  a  bright  moon, 
was  at  all  times  sufficient  to  prevent  our  experiencing,  even  under 
the  most  unfavourable  circumstances,  any  thing  like  the  glcomy 
night  which  occurs  in  more  temperate  climates.  Especial  care 
was  taken,  during  the  time  the  sun  was  below  the  horizon,  to  pre- 
serve the  strictest  regularity  in  the  time  of  our  meals,  and  in  the 
various  occupations  which  engaged  our  Attention  during  the  day  j 
and  this,  together  with  the  gradual  and  imperceptible  mann|r  in 
which  the  days  had  shortened,  prevented  this  kind  of  life,  so  novel 
to  us  in  reality,  from  appearing  very  inconvenient,  or  indeed  like 
any  thing  out  of  the  commdn  way.  It  must  be  confessed,  how- 
p\tr,  that  we  were  not  sorry  to  have  arrived|l|^ without  any  serious 


117 

suffering,  at  the  shortest  day  ;  and  we  watched,  with  no  ordinary 
dcffree  of  pleasuret  the  slow  approach  of  the  returning  siin. 

We  had  generally  found  the  ice  to  crack  near  the  shore»  as  I 
have  already  had  occasion  to  observe,  about  the  second  day  after 
the  new  and  full  moon,  in  consequence  of  the  highest  tides  taking 
place  at  that  time  ;  but  this  was  not  the  case  in  the  present  lunation ; 
the  separation  of  the  ice  from  the  beach  not  having  taken  place  tiU 
the  22d,  or  five  days  and  eight  hours  after  the  time  of  the  new 
moon.  This  retardation  of  the  tides  may,  perhaps,  have  arisen 
from  the  circumstance  of  the  moon  and  sun  having  both  had  their 
greatest  south  declination  about  the  usual  time  of  the  highest  spring- 
tide. It  may  possibly  have  been  affected  also  by  fresh  gales  from 
the  eastward,  which  blew  on  the  17th  and  18th. 

On  Christmas  day  the  weather  was  raw  and  cold,  with  a  con- 
siderable snow-drift,  though  the  wind  was  only  moderate  from  the 
N.W. ;  but  the  snow  which  falls  during  the  severe  winter  of  this 
climate  is  composed  of  spiculae  so  extremely  minute,  that  it  re- 
quires very  little  wind  to  raise  and  carry  it  along.  To  mark  the 
day  in  the  best  manner  which  circumstances  would  permit,  divine 
service  was  performed  on  board  the  ships ;  and  I  directed  a  small 
increase  in  the  men's  usual  proportion  of  fresh  meat  as  a  Christ- 
mas-dinner, as  well  as  an  additional  allowance  of  grog,  to  drink  the 
health  of  their  friends  in  England.  The  officers  also  met  at  a  so- 
cial and  friendly  dinner,  and  the  day  passed  with  much  of  the  same 
kind  of  festivity  by  which  it  is  usually  distinguished  at  home ;  and, 
to  the  credit  of  the  men  be  it  spoken,  without  any  of  that  disorder 
by  which  it  is  too  often  observed  by  seamen.  A  piece  of  English 
roast-beef,  which  formed  part  of  the  officer's  dinner,  had  been  oti 
board  since  the  preceding  May,  and  preserved  without  salt  during 
that  period,  merely  by  the  antiseptic  properties  of  a  cold  atmos- 
phere. 

Between  eight  and  nine  A.M.  on  the  26th,  the  wind  freshened 
up  very  suddenly  to  a  strong  breeze  from  the  northward  and  west- 
ward, and  during  that  hour  the  thermometer  rose  from  —  20°  to 
—6%  In  the  afternoon  the  wind  became  moderate  and  variable 
in  its  direction,  and  the  thermometer  had  again  fallen  to  — 17°  at 
midnight,  and  continued  to  fall  very  gradually  for  the  four  follow- 
ing days,  till  on  the  30th  it  had  reaoied  ■—  43%  being  the  lowest 
temperature  we  had  yet  experienced.  During  the  whole  of  that 
interval  the  weather  was  neariy  calm,  and  very  fine  and  clear,  and 
at  half  past  seven  A.M.  on  the  30th,  the  me^<  nry  in  the  barometer 
stood  at  30.755  inches,  being  the  highest  we  '  i  yet  seen  it  during 
the^oyage.  The  colours  of  the  southern  &  j  near  the  horizon 
were  observed  to  be  remarkably  prismatic  at  noon  on  ^at  day. 

A  great  many  frost-bites  occurred  about  this  time,  principally  in 
the  men's  feet,  even  when  they  had  been  walking,  quickly  on  shore 
for  exercise.    On  examining  their  boots,*  Mr.  Edwards  remarked, 


■A 


<■■" 


il 


A 


'■>'   ©Pis 


118 

that  the  stiflheM  of  the  thick  leather,  of  whidi  they  were  made, 
was  such  aa  to  cramp  the  feet,  and  prevent  the  circulation  from 
going  on  freely,  and  that  this  alone  was  sufficient  to  account  for 
their  feet  having  been  frost-bitten.  Being  very  desirous  of  avoid- 
ing these  accidents,  which,  from  the  increased  sluggishness  with 
which  the  sores  healed,  were  more  and  more  likely  to  affect  the 
general  health  of  the  patients  by  long  confinement,  1  directed  a 
pair  of  canvas  boots*  Imed  with  blanketing,  or  some  other  woollen 
stuffy  to  be  made  for  each  man,  nsing  raw  hide  as  soles  ;  this  conv 
pletely  answered  the  desired  purpose,  aa  scarcely  any  fros:t-bite8 
in  the  feet  afterwards  occurredy  except  under  circumstances  of 
very  severe  exposure. 

On  the  3l8t  of  December,  another  striking  instance  occurred  of 
the  simultaneovi  rise  in  the  wind  and  the  thermometer*  At  two 
A.M.  the  latter  stood  at  —  S8%  but  the  wind  freshening  up  to  m 
Strang  breeze  from  the  nordiward  and  eastward,  and  afterwards 
from  the  S.S.E.  in  the  course  of  the  day,  the  thermometer  gradual^* 
ly  rose  at  the  same  ume,  and  stood  at  ^-  5*  at  midnight ;  thus  clos- 
ing the  year  with  milder  weather  than  we  had  enjoyed  for  the 
d^t  preceding  weeks. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Jfirst  J^fftariumt  of  3cur^-~the  Jiurora  BonaU$  and  other  Jt&UO' 
roU^^tA  PJmomena—Pmtt  of  fAe  Wolves— Be-appearance  (^  the 
Su%fm.Mhctreme  low  Tanperature^—Deetrwiiion  (^tne  Ebuse  on  Shore 
hy  Fire^r'^P'*  P^**'^^'9  oecasimud  hfi  this  Jceident, 

'  THE  mild  weather  with  which  the  new  year  commenced  was 
not  of  long  duration  $  for,  as  the  wind  gradually  moderated,  the 
thermomieter  slowly  fell  once  more  to  the  average  temperature  of 
the  atmosphere  at  this  season.  The  quantity  of  snow  which  had 
fidlen  at^ii^ime  was  so  sm^l,  that  its  general  depth  on  shore  did 
not  exceed  one  or  two  inches,  except  wnere  it  had  drifted  into  the 
ravines  and  hollows.  At  ten  A.M.,  on  the  1st,  a  hdo,  whose 
radios  vhts  32°  30\  with  three  paraselene,  which  were  very  lumi»> 
otM,  but  not  tinged  wi^  the  prismatic  colours,  was  seen  aboig  the 
moon>  aimihnr  to  that  described  on  the  1st  of  December ;  and  on 
the  following  day  the  same  phenomenon  occurred,  with  the  addi- 
tion W»  vertical  stripe  of  white  light  proceeding  from  the  upper 
imd  lower  limbs  of  tho»moon,  and  forming,  with  a  part  of  the  hori- 


^■;."«.My*"' 


119 

zontal  circle  seen  beforif  the  appearance  of  a  cross.  »Thtre  was 
also  at  times  an  arc  of  another  circle  touching  the  halo^  which 
sometimes  reached  almost  to  the  zenith,  and  chimged  the  urtensity: 
of  its  light  very,  frequentljr,  not  unlike  the  Aurora  Borealit. 

I  received  this  morning  the  first  unpleasant  report  of  the  scurvy 
having  made  its  appearance  among  us  :  Mr.  ScaUon,  the  gunner  of 
the  Hecla»  had  for  some  days  past  been  complaining  of  pains  in 
his  legs,  which  Mr.  Edwards  at  first  took  to  be  rheumatic,  but 
which,  together  with  the  appearance  of  his  gums,  now  left  no^ 
doubt  of  the  sjrmptoms  being  scorbutic.  It  is  so  uncommon  a 
thing  for  this  disease  to  make  its  first  appearance  amodg  the  of- 
ficers>  that  Mr.  Edwards  was  naturally  curious  to  inquire  into  the 
cause  of  it ;  and  at  length  discovered  that  Mr.  Scallon's  bedding 
was  in  so  damp  a  state,  in  consequence  of  the  deposit  of  moisture 
in  his  bedi-place>  which  I  have  before  mentioned^  as  to  lesive  no 
doubt  that  to  this  circumstance,  as  the  immediate  exciting  causey 
his  illness  might  justly  be  attributed.  The  difficulty  of  preventHig 
this  deposit  of  moisture,  and  the  consequent  accumulattoa  d  ice» 
was  much  greater  in  the  officers'  bcd^places  than  in  those  of  the 
mea»  in  ccmquence  of  the  former  bein^  necessarily  pltMted  In  close 
contact  with  the  ship's  sides,  and  formmg  an  immediate  communi- 
cation, as  it  were,  with  the  external  atmosphere  ;  whereas,  in  the 
latter,  there  was  a  vacant  interval  of  eighteen  inches  in  width  in- 
terposed between  them.  To  prevent,  as  much  as  possible,  there- 
fore, the  ii^urious  effects  of  this  evil  upon  the  health  of  the  offi- 
cers, I  appointed  certain  days  for  the  u?ing  of  their  bedding  by  the 
fires,  as  well  as  for  that  of  the  ships'  companies. 

Every  attention  was  paid  to  Mr.  Scallon's  case  by  the  medical 
{"Mltiemen,  and  all  our  anti-scorbutics  were  put  in  requisition  for 
His  recovery:  these  consisted  principally  of  preserved  vegetable 
soaps,  lemon-ji|ice,  and  su|^r,  pickles,  preserved  currants  and 
gooseberries,  anid  si»iice«beer.  I  began  alsc  about  tl^s  time  to 
raise  a  smi^  qttantity  of  mustard  and  treSs  in  my  cabin,  in  small 
•  shallow  boxes  filled  with  mould,  and  placed  along  the  stovc«pipe; 
by  these  means,  even  in  the  severity  of  th«  winter,:  we  ooi:dd  gene- 
ndly  ensure  ti  c^op  at  ^e  end  of  thd  sixth  or  seventh  di^  after 
sowing  the  seed,  whichy  by  keeping  several  boxes  at  work,  would- 
gi«*  to  two  or  ihrM  scorbutic  patients  neariy  an  ounce,  of  salad 
each  daily,  even  ^ough  the  necesfary  economy  in  our  ooab  did 
not  allow  of  the  fire  being  kept  in  at  night.  Had  this  been  allow'i^^ 
able,  and  a  proper  apparatus  at  hand  for  the  purpose,  there  is  ng^ 
doubt  that  it  might  have  been  raised  much  more  rapidly ;  and  thoMf 
wlNgpre  aware  how  perfect  a  specific  a  very  small  quanti^  of  fresh^ 
vegetable  substance  is  fcv  the  scurvy,  will,  perhaps,  agree  with  me 
in  thinking  that  such  an  appnrauis  woida  form  a  very  viduable 
appendage  to  be  applied  occasionally  to  the  cabin-stove,  lltt  mus- 
ti]rd«nd  cress  thus  raised  were  necessarily  colourlessj  from  the 


I 


f 


120 


#; 


) 


privation  of  light,  but,  as  far  as  we  could  Ju«Ig«,  they  poiaeued 
the  same  pungent  aromatic  taste  as  if  grown  under  ordinary  cir- 
cumstances. So  effectual  were  these  remedies  in  Mr.  Scallon*i 
case,  that,  on  the  ninth  evening  from  the  attack*  he  was  able  t» 
walk  about  on  the  lower  deck  for  some  time,  and  he  assured  me 
that  he  could  then  **  run  a  race." 

On  the  morning  of  the  4th,  a  cross  appeared  about  the  moon, 
consisting  of  vertical  and  horizontal  rays  of  white  light,  similar 
to  those  described  on  the  Sd,  but  unaccompanied  by  any  halo. 
The  thermometer  was  at  —44*  in  the  early  part  of  the  day;  but 
the  wind  freshening  to  a  strong  breeze  from  the  northward,  the 
temperature  of  the  atmosphere  was  considerably  raised,  at  usual,, 
Ae  thermometer  having  got  up  to  --SS*  at  ten  P.M.  The  tem- 
perature, of  die  holds  in  me  fore-part  of  the  ship  was  now  ^ne- 
rally  as  low  as  22%  that  of  the  necla's  lower  deck  being  •eldooi 
above  iff,  except  during  the  ships  companies  meals. 

The  7th  of  January  was  one  of  the  most  severe  da^s  to  the 
feelings  which  we  experienced  during  the  winter,  the  wrad  being 
strong  from  the  northward  with  a  heavy  drift,  and  the  theripiome* 
ter  continuing  from  —  38*  to  •—  40*.  It  is  impossible  to  conceive 
any  thing  more  inclement  than  such  a  day,  when  we  eould  with 
diffici|lty  pass  and  repass  between  the  two  ships,  and  were  glad 
to  keep,  every  person  cloately  confined  on  board. 

At  half  pait  five  P.M.,  on  the  8th,  the  Aurora  Borealis  wu 
seen  f<inn|nff  a  broken  and  irregular  arch  of  white  light,  10*  or 
12*  highvin  the  centre,  extending*  from  N.b.W.,  round  by  W.  to 
S.S.E.,  with  eccasioinl  coruscations  proceeding  from  it  tawardt 
the  zenith.-  It  continued  thus  for  an  hour,  and  re-appeared  frpin 
eig^t  o'doek  till  midnight  in  a  similar  manner,  makms,  howav<^r| 
but  a  pom'  display  of  this  beautiful,  phenomenon.  Neither  the 
magnetni  needle,  nor  the  gold-leaf  of  the  electrometer  were^  in 
either  instance,  in  Uie  slightest  degree  aCected  by  it. 

At  eight  A.M.  on  the  11th,  faint  >corusca,tion8  of  the  Aurora 
Borealis  were  observed  to  dart  with  inconceivable  rapidly  acrbu 
the  heavens  from  W.N.W.  to  E.S.E.,  from  horizon  to  horizoi|| 
and  pas«ing4iuout  25*  to  the  south  of  the  zenith.  At  noon  to-day, 
the  temperature  of  Uie.  atmosphere  had  got  down  to  49*  below 
zero,  being  the  greatest  degree  of  cold  which  we  had  yet  experi- 
enced; but  the  weather  being  quite  calm,  we  walked  on  shore  for 
an  hour  without  inconvenience,  the  sensatiion  of  cold  dep«(pding 
much  more  on  the  degree  of  wind  at  the  time,  than  on  the  abaolvite 
temperature  of  the,  atmosphere,  as  indicatfed  by  the  thermometiBr. 
In  several  of  the  accouits  i^ven  of  those  countries  in  whichan  inf" 
tense  degree  of  natural  cold  is  experienced,  some  effects  are  attii-^ 
buted  to  it  wluch  ceitaiidy  did  not  come  under  pur  observation  in 
the  comse  of  this  winter.  The  first  of  these  is  the  dreadful  aen- 
sation  said  to  be  produced  on  the  lungs,  causing  them  to  feel  •§  if 


}>, 


sm 


121  «t 

i 

fro  fsunder,  when  the  air  is  tiiluiled  at  a  very  low  teinperature. 
o  tucfi  sensatioil  was  ever  ex^rienced  by  us,  though  Iti  going 
>in  the  cabins  into  the  open  air,  and  vict  versdt  me  m^f^  con- 
^^tly  In  the  habit  for  some  months  of  undergoing  a  ctaiigt  of 
from  80*  to  100*^  and,  in  several  instances,  130*  of  tem^ratiiro  In 
leto  than  one  iniiiiite;  aM  Wh^t  la  stIU  more  ettraordiiOiiy,  not  a 
single  inflamn^isory  complaic;^  beyond  a  slight  cold,  which  win 
cui%d  by  cpotifnbn  care  in  a  day  or  two,  occulted  during  this  pafi. 
ticula^f  period,  the  aecdiid  IsV  t)K^  vapour  with  which  the  afr  6f 
aip  inhipted  rooil^  is  eharged,  condensing  into  tl  showai*  of  siibw, 
immediately  «*s  t^e  opening  of  4  door  or  window,  conimunicairng 
with  th«f  ettemat  atmosphere.  This  goes  osuch  beyoncl  any  thiiig 
that  we  had  an,  opportunity  of  o^erving.  MTfaat  iiapfMsned  #itE 
u4  was  siinply  this:  on  the  opening  of  the  doors  at  the  top  ahd:  bdit- 
tom  of  ^dr  hatchway  ladder^,  ilie  vapour  was  immedutety  com- 
densed  by  the  sudden  admission  of  the  cold  air,  into  a  visiblo 
form,  exactly  resembling  a  verv  tttibk  smolke,  which  settled  on  dl 
the  pannels  of  the  doors  and  bulk-heads,  and  immediately  fmze, 
by  which  means  the  latter  were  covered  with  a  ttuck  coating  o£ 
iee,  VvKich  it  was  necessary  freqtientty  to  scrape  pffi  but  we  never, 
tp  my  knowledge,  witnessed  the  eoltversion  of  the  vapour  int6 
#0w,  during  Its  felL  *  *  >  ■ 

:  On  the  evenitigf  of  the  15th,  the  Uosphere  being  clear  and 
«ei»nej  we  were  gratified  by^il^iilit  of  thronly  very  brilliant  and 
divehiified  disphiy  df  AuroralSfj^iai^,  which  occurred  dttHng  t^ 
whold  winter;  and  I  believe  if  tor^  almost  imposstblefdr  n^ida  to 
give  an  idea  of  the  beau^  atfd  variety  which  diis  mf^ific^t  phe* 
nocnenbn  displayed;  lanHiii  leiit'ee^in,  that  no ^criptiio^  of 
ijaine  can  convey  an  adeiiiiate  C^nceptfOri  of  it,  and  I  ^Ms^fore 
ghidly  avail  myself  of  the  fdUoii^l^iiccouot,  by  Captiiti  Sabine, 
which  was  furnished  by  myre^t^lttlte  time  for  ipMation  in  my 
JtivmsA.     ■    '      '■''■'  ■'       ^-   ^'--  h----w'^  :■;■.  ■•^"' 

^**^r.  Edward»|from  Whom  wfefiir^^eard  that  the  Aurora  iriia 
vtsiUe,  described^  it  as  forming  ^cbnUpete  a|xh,  having  its  Ibgp 
nearly  north  and  aaiuth  df  each  bdiC^^aiiid  |^  a  Uttfe  tb  the 
eastward  of  tijc  2^«^.  When^l  %eir:dpoii  die  ice,  the  arcli 
had  broken  up »  towsisda  th^  ioirthCim  hoiizdn  was  tlie  otdinarv 
Aurora,  such  as  #e  bad  Metyseeii  on  Clear  nighta,  being  a  pa^ 
Irght,  apparently  tsstifing  iH>ni '  biau#'  an  obscure  ^toud^at  lh»ii 
six  to  twelve  degt%ie8dfaltitude^Cxi«ydhiflnore  or  lesa  towards 
the  east  or  west  on  diilferent  ntghts^llit^llifierent  tidies  of  tht 
same  ntgh^  baving  no  determined  oenn^e'or  ^nt  of  biseetibii,  tht 
greater  part,  mid  evett  at  time*  the  whilts  if 'the'  kiminoua  app^- 
ancel)eing  soi^etitoes  to  the  eait,  ^  sbfiiiCtimet  to  the^&t  (^ 
sotith,  but  rarely  seen  in  the  northern  horizon,  of  beyond  the  di^ 
and  W^t  points  of  the  heav^.  This  cott^bponds  With  the  jtorcni 
most  commonly  noticed  in  Britain,  except  that  it  is  there  it^ctt- 


) 


^-CV..,.v., 


♦ 


122 


* 


/ 


liar  to  the  notf^»^  ^t  here  to  the^.^pintheiiiilf!^.  ocMsioiuaiy 

I  •hoowj;  upward*  in  WJ1B  an4  rf^^^  It  watf  net  Aii- 

)  tmixiOiedby  any  unusual  brilliancy  gr  e>tti|t  on  this  occasion, 

the  si^endid  part  of  the  phcn^enon  being  dtttache^  and  apnareta^ 

quite  d:sti9ct.  ,        '  av  '^T      ' 

,  **W^  ^»«»«»o»»^J^ir^i»  in^irrei;^nM«8ei,  itwiiia- 

teediyiiiedbya  pltoe>ttsing thwwKfi  thJn^i^dJim^^^ 
ti^  conliued,  during  the  time  I  saw  it,  ta  the  elttern  ^e  6f  the 
mgb,  •"<*  ^  «■**«%  PP*JiW  and  m  liiHrg^  #i^  ii  t^ 
.  jpLlE.  thaneUewhere.  Mir.  ^uiy  and  I  noticed^  W^^ 
wwtwhcrf  the  Aurora  was  very  Jbrilliant,  the  stars  ifbiilii^u^ 
It  were  somewhat  dimmed,  thoajgli  thra  re^di^k  is  ccni^Y  to  foe- 
mer  eiperience, 

^  «The  diltribution  af  light  has  been  described  as  irregubr  and 
in  constant  chanj^e  j  the  various  masses,  howerer«,a|jfemed  to  have 
a  tendency  to  amilnge  themselves  into  twQ  arches,  one  passing  near 
uie  zenith,  and  a  second  a^ut  midway  between  the  zetiitti  ubd 
horizon,' both  having  generally  a  north  and  s<kitli  dilrecdon^  bnt 
curving  towards  each  otSer,  so  that  their  leflES  produced  wdidd 
complete  ui  eUip»e;  thejte  arches  we>e  as  quickly  disi^ed  as 
forced.  At  one  time  ii  jiart  oltHe.'iMrch  iear  the  zenith  was  bint 
into  cpnvolutions,  resembling  thQ^  qf  a  in^e  ii|  mMion^  iiiid  nn- 
dulatM|g  rapidly,  an  app^aran^  whi^hVe  fiad  nttt  ^ore  observed. 
The  etl^  towards  the  nor^  & J»*6?jrit  like  a  shepberd's  croo^» 
which  IS  not  uncommon,  ^J^fflliailt'V)  <^l|mpaf«  m  li^t  nrb- 
dttccd  bv  an  Aurora  wiA^^KI**?  »<witWo»usc  the  shadows 
are  rendered  faint  and  i^^lf  reasoft  ^\he  general  diiliisiOn 
of  the  Aurora;  but  I  fhpjg^k  iHc  efrect  of  &e  pne  iiow  ifc- 

8cnted,scarwlyeaiialto'|Kw^^  The 

Qsudpale  Ught  of  the  A^ih^^tron^^^^  thatnroducdd 

by  the  combustion  of  phoaphofus:  a  ve^  sH^^t  tinge  of  red  was 
noticed  on  this  occasion,  When  ikhe  Aiirotl  was  ttdst  vivid,  but 
no  oth$r,Rolqurs  were  visibTe:  Ifil^n  lifter  we  ietutned  on  board, 
«ie  splendid  part  whoU^Jdi^ppeared,  leavl%  only  the  Oidhiiary 
Wt,near  the  horizpnjjm^^erbipectiii"  the  nigh*  remidned  un- 
awnged,but  on  the  foUowmg  dn^  it  blew  a  fivsh  gale  frtim  the 
north  and  N.N.W."  This  Aurora  had  the  appeatance  oF  being 
vciy  near  us,  and  we  listeiied  attentively  for  die  sound  liirhich  is 
P.4  •opetimes  to^accompanV  brilliant  displays  of  this  jphenomediDn, 
but  neioier  on  this  nor  on  any  other  occasion,  could  any  be  distSn* 
guished*^  On  the  following  day,  the  Aurora  was  rfepeatedlf  l^ien 
jror  an  hour  or  two  togtther,  assuming  the  shape  of  a  lohg  low 
^^%5**"*  ^"  *®  *2'  high  in  the  centre,  extending  fi^ini  soutlr 


i-^rsi^-rf**" 


^ 
''-%.. 


133 


f 


.  About  tkit  timt  U  had  been  iwiwrkcd,  that  •white  ^\^^ 
m.t7t  Sb  Moif  tiipe^imd  had  regi|lyly  retoijed  •f««^f«2,22^ 

gr^^eciaghfflfi  S«pa«y  with  »  •he^«»»V»Jvfe.S 
^pt  IIP  an  aliwiftdiwlyiiitfwojiuie  for  'fver^wM, «»  »ti2«» 

K'rtstimed,  n^inofe  t«^|he#hjpai  >r»«^?  ^g^L  S^  J^^^ 
nunWing  to  too  «ceaia  ^a^nce,  or  what  i.  wo**^»W»  ij'g^ 

dM^^mbev  wWch  WM  alao  gettli^f  into  the  habit  of  «««»Tj;2 
i^oiog  aW  ror  .omf  timer |!^9t^o;b^«.«H^.<^^^^ 
kSi  iiiia  covered  with  blood,  havS8^  no  doubt,  Wntamed  a 
JSrS:oiuiter  with  a  «wl«  w^  wl»odi  i^e  t^ced  to  a  c<^i»de. 

f|<B  diitance  by  the  tr#ekt  on  the  anow.  ^All  dd  dog,  of  the 
Wfduidlaud  breed,  that  we  h§d  on  bo#rd  die  IIwjUi,  waa  alao 
m  AeSto?reSing  out  wi«i  tl^  Wolve.  for  a  day  or  two  to- 
gO^er 4  1^  we  frequcnUy  watched  them  keeping  company  on  the 

"ai^^^^^S?^  thehartKMircloletothe  aWpaonthe^jfth, 
WW  SJSX  be  iamott  entii^ly  w^ite,  hii  body  long  and  ejc- 

SiSSSS,  Z^^  bigbet  on  hi.  legs  ^S^^J^!^^^^^;, 

S»i«^bttt  Otb#rwiaenu)phre«en|bfiiigfl^^^   hiatwl  w»»ong 
rhSZrIand  aHfWt  hanging  betwi^i^  Wi^te»»  and  he  kept  hla 
«n^li.kim!»g  or  catching,  one  of  „*e«e  «^m^^^  ^«« 

As  tko  .time  was  now  near  %%  tend  when  the  «»»»  waa  toje- 
anpearaboveour  horizon,  wo  bejen  thii  day  ^^\'^^^^ 
Imihe  rtitl-head,  in  order  tbat  some  obaerv^ona  »l»»t  be 
SSL^  foUie  aniunt  of  the  utmOfphericjd  re^icuon,  which 
Zdb  render  it  viaibte  to  u».  «RPU*r  than  under  ordinary  circum. 
SSTl^or  thiipurpoae,andat,%  «imetime  toavoid  the  froat- 
SSJ^^X'lSvroce,^^  k|^i»g m  i»?»v,dual  a 

^laCW  Stoo  long  a  apaciirtverjr  rtan  m  the  jhip  wm  gnt 
^.^iSceea«i^».ao  aa  to  occu^iy  the  time  for  «f  .«;»««^J^^* 
^afternoon;  and  this  practiije  */•  So^^J^r^.**?, .^«?, ST 
m«f^4a»ove.the  horizon  firom  the  decl?,  wbich  it  did  not  do  till 
tim  dM»  aftfsp  the  ^commenccni^t  of  it.  «^^,.jAn 

TheloM  of  Ieinon*jtace,  of  whicb  I  have  before  h^  occaaioji 
t^^%  to^Zcoi  the  bi^aking  of  the  botjles  by  frm.t* 
cop£«;;4  «tm  to  <l4ft  0«cc  to  w  grc^  a  degree,  *»»•*'*  ^JT.^ 
^e^N^hlMdy  »ece8«i^.to  atot  a^ae  «f «•»'"  J^  P^  S 
ngpiinttaimilar  contingenciea  in  «*««(«?  »***"  *?  fkJl.SS^ 
SUcr  ^  f.  AereCow,  cofw^ted  ^r.  Edw^ds  as  to  the  P«>g^ 
STttdttC^^he  daily  afloWance  of  that  essential  article  to  thrfe- 
qoartera  jTOie  :uawai«M;tipn^bein«  thrgs^iuarters  of  «^^^f^ 
man:  this,  he  was  of  opinion,  under  all  circumstances,  i^^wpp  ex^ 


If* 


?hI; 


w 
Md^nt  f  dtt^  to  order  t«*  tmvm  atuppLy  in  tboM  ctMt  of  aaeor. 

AriHlfifijItiMO  P.M;,  •^tolMkltA'ludo  of  Ji*ll»li«llt  MM  ntiTM 

^dr^^moo,^  Hi  ridki#S3S«ifi<0r  imSTS^ir^lS^ 

be  8«(^  by  the  wUd  «iy«  i  Mam,  l»>weireK  i«*at  i4^£SllZ)J>v 

Mffht  «  OOi  oeriod.  miiii«;d»  «lie  end  of  liSuwyi^SrS 
open  lome  of  our  porte,  in  orderto  admit  atiiisienilii^  &>  Hi* 
«arpentefi  and  annouiier  io^oilp  by^  and  tbeae  weie  AnlmMa 
wpairinjg  the  maht^opsail-yavd*  that  we  m|gl|tj|SleasMSdome 

ahewof^commendngour.«ewe^«iipawntforiii».  '  ',;-rj.7T^^  ^^ 
Oh  the  lat  abd  9dbf  Februarj^  the  wsmhtr:mfmmi^'kia»^ao 

«jj,  but  the  Sd  waa  a.  beantifiiUy  olnnr  /|Bd,  odb  di^#  ,/^  cnht 
AiM.,  acroaa,  conabtmir<yiite maiUwiiiaii^ii^  SLgSiZ^ 

waa  aeen  ahem  tW^-««**«^  . -.a^.  t.>L^  ^^^|^^^^^■^^^T^: 

3^*1.^  t**^^  ^  oepi|iii»  the  Mtb  ofi^^van^bii^i^lSiad 

fLT^^^^^'"^  ^^»^^mym  tliaii.|||»S5^SS 

!^*Tni:?*i?i?  2«*«^«Sfirettly,  >iPh»  1^ 

2?^!i  *;  be  «boat  haif  its  dhmteter^bove  Ihe  lMd^ii^thtfv£«C 

}M!iofe  ariiotmt  <rf  refiiMftion  i»Wd  'i^iiWMr  to  hiMoiflM^^ailMia 
JLS**'"  ****"  "  nothiife  V«rf  «i^ii|vdiMry  m^tfali^tiiiSSi 
io#tMnt««*tarei  thatof  ihte  «tl«6^i|i«rii(»;«M|t.tiiii^.,^ 

^fffi£  ^"^ ""  thjea  very  Wght,  at  oih^.=^a^r«sd>iiw5SE 
tM  AWign  Borealia,  tiie  Hght  ahraya^ij^a^^^^ahoorii^iNiid^ 


.....y^... 
..^.-i 


IS5 


# 


u  m  oMtt  umal » tl»«  ph«iiogiiea9a«  The  bNidtli  of  tbit  colano, 
wlMoli  «i»  vitlWe  for  ttwit  tbrnt^utmrf  of^  w  hour  Mort  wd 

over  Ab«  tlxAJpiMsis  the  sun  svM.  ;  ;^      ,        ..v    »      ^ 

u  Oii.wi«rdr#l»*iow»  in  »he  eourw  of  thijwlntw,  there  was  «ft 
Mi  «ni9<»  m4%9  twthem  horizon  v«iy  much  TiffiinbHiig  lawl  M 
aTl^  tfiattmcfi.  a*hU  apptniMfo  wtl^r^ittiiuwrtly  weU  d«. 
finSiMid MeiM4  to  tftvvuiiate  w nvfiy  «fiir(ii|it Md  HfCiilea  omU'- 

kAfe#»  JS*l|.tb«  Auro»»  BowiiU*  wtawdvi^r  ftrtjOy  in^h^i^ 
toDttlftineolwhice  light*  extending  from  9,  to  8.8.W.,  and  ab6iit 
0M»^  ^  hori»on>v  l^rom  iMoe  tUl  islcirenr  U  was  amin  aaeil 
^UM^ataMomary,  and  ^relfy^feim,  fw8|i#.S.Wi  to  W.N.W.,  a| 
mfi^o  or  ifoiir  d«gK«<»  of  altitttdo. 

y  €api#i»  jlabinehad,  foraope  tl«fe  pwi,  kiptopa  of  thi  neadlaa 
^lldlijlelfrmli^ff  tho  »n|ai^ii^4f  %,iwgn«ti«  force,  luabej- 

Sedp^  MtiafiiqifHili!  thiP  U  could  be  doiia^w  board  t^  ahinai 

IS^^^^m^mm^m^^  fMB4#  ¥««i»d  her  moiia 
^^'^^  iiibcd  by.iaay.ad¥SB%l^  pi*ta  «)f 

Jp!9|»*p4^  ^M  K^ody*Jed  Ift  it  l^JI 

..,4^5Si&^irt^^!^ai«iiiH*|ggb^  aiin^»hidi  waMo  dhjf. 

<Mftd%  i«iva«li<i%  ihat^o^ 

MHi^jiKji^ptii^^  noQ^a  thfiaaofi»#HBr^' plMiaSld^l^ 

»^^^jt£^fiiMilRil9n0iidetb0  pUd  ihat 

Ji.«ai^ll*B«i(iaii«r  %M¥P^  wi*  ua,  m,  eve>i  on  the 

•tkmmmmmM^^^  i#'inati!upMit  left  tg  atand ,  m 

■!iyMtdS;^»^^  ^u'  hotiacii^  and 

on  the  eastern  side  of  it,  at  Ac  distance  of  i2\ 


tbS££'irri!2£!K*»y-M«»»«»  ^^  tight  •'«!«*  tUl  roar, 
tfje  JS;;;  for  .wi,  Urn  tho^tiyiriSSJU 

twenty  toot  pj •d4W^  «•!«;.  t©  iafct  ui Sr^to^ •3SS 
Jy  the  tmwiliture  of  provi«<»  tnd  tioti    -S^ 

wdghed  in  ectlem  erects  ««» t^  bmh  for  Ae^SSS|^i«»SJ 
whenever  the  weiither  would  permit  thU  to  Se  •oSSSST^* 

2!rft  «» •CWW  oT  Aelo|ttry  to  mf^!^^fSS^Zm 
vps  likely  to  retalt from  ^  m^ilty  rtrnm^^^^t^ 

•eMipi  toollNce,^^  i%SpS^SS«nS^^ 

fMr.v  nml  wn  ttM*  jwd  ni^^ 

it  could  no  loager  be  tnic^  i  it  wa«  h^se  filbefe  ^^S. 

northern M^.    On  lateilSJtS 


1^. 


i 


'^1^ 


UKT 


tht  tnttfter  of  the  hteycntTwiei  jptreelved  t  larger  portion  of  Mother 
md  ninter  erelL  of  pole  red,  or  orwige,  commeneing  tt  the  hori- 
XOD  in  the  E.b.N.,  and  Attending  to  60*  of  altitude  in  the  N.N.E., 
io  aa  evidently  net  to  fonti  a  part  of  the  weetem  arch.  Captain 
flabine  afterwards  observed  the  wh61e  phenomenon  to  alter  iu  po* 
altion,  the  leg  6f  the  eaatem  arch  shifting  conaiderably  noire  to  th« 
aiNithward.  In  the  evening  the  Aurora  Berealll  was  seen,  form* 
l0fn  confused  and  irregular  areh  of  white  li|^  cootinttalljr  visry* 
ing  iif^ghtness,  about  8*  high  in  the  Centre,  and  eslendi»g  fton 
S;d.E.,  round  by  the  west,  to  N.N.W.  From  the  upper  part  of 
this  arch,  col^lscations  occssionalty  shot  upwards,  and  a  few  stream* 
ersilowand  then  burst  forth  also  fi^m  th%  horizon  in  the  8.8.1^ } 
thtse  tatter  went  nearly  up  to  the  zenith,  while  the  rest  were  mora 
fafo^  and  did  not  reach  so  high.  I  am  «oniidefit»  that  Aldebaratt 
and  the  Pleindes  were  very  sensibly  dimmed  by  the  most  vivid  of 
the  coruseatioos,  which  appeared,  in  this  respect,  not  to  diiTer  from 
ukf  thin  vapour  or  doua  floatiaig  in  the  acmiftphere.  Hie  gold 
leif  of  th^  electrometer,  as  well  as  the  mngtietic  needle  suspended 
In  uie  observatory,  was  carefully  attended  to^  biift  neither  of  them 
Biiifei^d  any  sensible  disturbance. 

KttMr  oh  the  foUdWing  morning,  th«  wind  increased  fifom  the 
JfMMvi,  and  ci^tihued  to  blow  a  slroi^  breeze  ftboi  that  qopfft^v 
j^  ft  heavjr  snow-drift,  till  towards  nooh,  on  4le  10th.  At  a 
qi^iNer past  sii  f^M.,  <>n  that  day/ the^  Aurora  began  to  ap^  ill 
thi  i^oth  and  S.W.,  |h  detached,  and  i|0t  very  brilliant  pencils  of 
ra^  dirting  tipi^sMs  litki  ^ear  0t  h^riton. ;  Soon  al'ter,  an  iivli 
of  the\ISuai  broken  and  irreflgi|lar  kind  appeired  in  the  weitem 
qui#«ih*  <>f  the  hea#en|,  extendtiig  llbih  ^^W.  to  south,  i)nd  being 
mms*W9^  highihtm  centre.  From  ibe  uppfr  pirt  of  the  arch 
prtlceeded  a  few  tslnt  c<Mruscations  'reacYiinJI;  to  no  great  height. 
At  a  quarter  before  seven,  a  lecoad  aadt>etit^r%efined  arch  crols* 
ed  ovier  front' &£.  toi9;W.b.Nl,  gii^hrd^  the  tibrthern  side  of 
tbealeilith,  from  #hlch  it  Was  disOUi  ftpi  to*  to  U«  in  the  cen- 
trie.  This  arch  was  vei^  narrow,  and  tteeihed  to  be  formed  ^  two 
parts^^ch  iiiodtin|  willr  great  rai^dity  from  thosl  ptrts  whero 
th^legs  stood;  ai^j6iilin|  in  tie  centre.  In  a  i^ort  tinie  this 
s«c6ni|  arch  entirely  disappeiired,  and  thie  first  became  less  bril- 
liant. The  phenotneoon  was  tliea  for  some  tninutes  confined  to 
some  briglil  ptftfcils  of  rays  in  the  iouth  and  ^.S.El,  which  were 
gpniihtfh^pai^altel  to  each  other,  but'  aHimetimes  alto  diverged  at  aa 
an^  bf  wout  15*.  At  a  quarter  oast  seven,  two  long  and  nar- 
row sti^ams' of  light  crossed  over  k^^5°  to  40"  of  altitude,  on  the 
westeni  side  of  the  zeuith,  frdm  the  N.W.b^K.,  and  souih  points 
of  liie  horipsoa ;  thieir  upoer  ends  did  not  qiiite  meiet  fatlhe  ciei||be». 
so  as  to  complete  an  arch,  but  inclined  to  the  shape  of  shepherd* 
crooks,  as' described  on  the  15th  of  janpary^  and  often  i«markeii 


tqi'lGi^r  Observers  ;  but  th^  were  iftitner  sd  fc^Uiant  nbi-  iy^cH^ 


m 


M 


■fii 

I?! 


,...,^^v,.\<.  -vr~—- . 


^ 


r?!l^fl^lflflr.. 


^'''^iWff^rw^Wi 


# 


1S8 


it: 


\ 


\ 


defined  ilwlieii^wcsvvr^ham  before.  Atx^lt  m  quarter  before 
figbt,  «•  we  trere  ^ftttrning  on  board  frtun  dye  observatory,  fbie 
low  arch  to  the  wej»tward  m  described,  and  wh|jBb  had  nerer  a| 
tcwjcther  disai^ared,  increased  con^ideniibly  in  b^Uiimey.  It,  waa 
ItiU,  however,  so  irre|;ular  as  to  jopea?  in  detiicbedrouadish  elfiida 
or  blotches,  firaij»  whicli  tbe  Mocds,  which  shfut  upwards,  araeipfl 
Immediately  to  jm^  I^iese  pencils,  which  were' iii|iiit4% 

:ywied  bo|b  inilenidi  and  breadthf  were  observed  to  have  a^n 
elow,  though  very  sensible  lateral  modon  from  north  to  so^,in4 
#fcr  verai/md  we  ^QOiai^ed  <}fi  one  occfsicm  that,  whf n  two  of 
IlKHn  inet,  and  had  die  appearance  of  overla|i|>in^  they  pvoduceiL 
ff^j&xm  fifteen  seconds,  the  meet  intense  acgree  of  light  we  had 
^  seen  fr^m  the  Aurora.  The  pencils  appeared  generfiUy  to 
trayiel  b^iily  i^  onejdtir^dol,  but  sometime^  to  widen  out  in  jb^f^ 
1^  ^  same  time.  We  W^i«  aU  decidedly  of  opinion,  that  the  ^«^ 
stare  were  very  perceptibly  ^imnied  by  this  phenomenon,  wha<^ 
giraduattydlsa^l^ai'edby^in^  o'clock. 

:  tt  was  a  scNarce  of  much  satisfaction  to  find,  at  noon  on  die.  lldii^ 
that  the  sun;  even  With  one  degree  of  meridian  altitude,  had  some 
jpbwer  to  alFecX  the  mercury  in  the  thermometer,  Which  rose  from 
'•-^4G*m^9^fihtnekpoBtdto  !:»  rays;  and,  as  the  sUn  gradu- 

%  declined,  i%  fell  again  ,to  —40'  in  an  hour  or  two. 
le  distance  jst  which  iKtunds  were  heard  in  the  open  air^  during 
the  cootinuance  of  intense  cold,  was  so  great  as  constantly  to  a0brd 
matter  of  surprise  to  us,  notwiUistanding  the  frequency  with  whi<^h 
We  had  occiston  to  remark  it.  We  have^  for  instance,  often  heard  > 
people  disdoctW  conversing,  in  a  common  tone  of  voice,  at  die 
distance  of  a  mlies .  and  tp  day  t  <  heard  a  man  singing  to  himself 
Whe  Wittked  alio^  die  beach  at  even  a  greater  distance  than  ^s. 
Ano|hii^  ciktymikt^ee'also  occur.ed  to-day,  which  may  perhaps  be 
c^idered  worthy  of  notice.  Lieutenant  Beechey,  and  Messrs. 
BeVerty  and  Fisher,  id  the  ^||^i^  of  a  walk  which  kd  them  to  a 
part  of  the  hat^ur,  about  t^  miles  directly  to  leeward  of  the 
ships,  were  suiprised  by  sudcUmly  perceiving  a  smell  of  smoke,  so 
strong  as  even  to  impede  their  breathing,  tiU^  by  walking  on  a  litde 
lardier,  they  got  nd  of  it.  '  This  circumstance  shews  to  what  a 
distance  the  smoke  from  the  ships  Was  carried  horizomattyy  owing 
to  the  dtfficulQr  with  which  it  rise*  at  a  very  low  temperature  of 
die  atmdis|)hiire.  The  appearance  which  had  often  been  taken  for 
the  loom  td  distant  and  mu<!h  r^fii^cted  land  in  the  south,  and 
£(.b.£.,  was  agaih  seen  tb.day,  havmg  the  same,  abrupt  termination 
at  the  latter  bearing  as  before.  At  half-«ast  eight  F.M.,  the  Au- 
iwa  Bojvalis  made  its  appearance  f»  a  smn  time,  in  an  ardi,  very 
^gUliliy  but  at  times  very  bright,  from  9«W.  to  8.S.E.,  at  4*  or 
#^'abd^e<the  liorizon  in  the  centre. 

Itinay  perhaps  be  attributed  to  the  long  absence  of  the  sun 
whttl^'wd  had  ktelyetp^itieiuitd,  and  which  may  have  disqualified 


^AH^^f^^Mw.*-.  ■■ 


•'«**■. 


w  from  fora^og  a  correct  judgnient,'tHal«ire  considered  dieonugie 
wd  lake  tints  with  which  the  sky  was  painted  aboQt  tbia  period, 
Mpr  tw«  hours  before  and  after  noon,  to  Ife  more  rich  and  blAtt^ful 
than  any  thing  of  the  kind  we  bad  ever  before  seen.    The^ir 
fleecy  clouds  which  at  any  time  make  their  appearance  in  the  hea- 
vel)S  during  ibe  winter  months  of  t^^is  cHmate,  had  on  the  iath>  as 
before  observed  on  the  aih>  a  Iend0^y  to  form  arches  both  in  tbb 
Jiortbem  and  sonthem  qaitrters,  estendinglrom  east  to  west,  at  10* 
«f  .^cf^odc  ini  the  north,  and  JH*  or  6"  in  the  south.    A  thermome- 
*Mr  placed  in  ^  sun  at  noon  rose  quickly  £ram ---42*  to  «^dOi' 
011  bond,  the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  at  the  house  being 
«#•  4)5^,  and  ihe  weather  calm  and  clear. 
v^At  ihrae  jL-iM^,!^  die  I3th,  on  a  light  breeaie  sprinpng  uj> 
^m  *e  southward,  the  thermometer  was  (Observed  to  rise  intano-  I 
mtely  from  4-  40'  to  ^  37*.    For  :a  shelVt'  time  before  and  after  / 
Moon,  a  pariieJiQntwas  seen  at  the  anguUr  distance  cNf  22**  JCypn  J 
^Oh  side  of  the  sun,  at  the  same  altllude  i»lth  the  kJter ; :  thesfe  ' 
^^iihejia  were  of  a  confused  shape,  but  vitKongfy  prismatic,    lliere  J  ^^^ 
Urat  at  the  sanie  time,  also^  a  column  tif .  bright  yeUc^  light  prtt-    ""^^^ 
:CC^fKng  6<om  the  sun  ito  the  honiason,  «f  (he  satae  dismetlsr  as 
■fhat- ofcject.;  ,-^'?  ri  -  •■--^\  ■'  .,■    m/  ■,::  '.:" 

I  have  be/ore  remarited,  that,  in  conse 4uence  o£  a  compMrativefy- 
^irm  atbosph^e  .iv)hich  was  aliiTaya 'floating  around  the  ^ijps»  the 
^h^mon^eier  on  bdatcl^iby  wMcb  the  temperature  was  notedevei^ 
fjTO  hours,  usually  stood  from  a' «o  ir  higher  than  tbat  fixed  on 
ahoi^;  The  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  having  now  laUen  bft- 
Jii^  the  U8uallstandard,ii  became  intere«dng  to  watch  this  4ifieiv 
^e  more  mintitely^'and  at  six  A»M.  on  the  14th,  the  thermome^ 
#rat  the  hou^e  wss  at— 52%  that  on  board  being  at — 4S%  at 
#hich  tin<e  the  smoke  from  the  funnels  rose  very  freely,  with  the 
^crcury  in  the  barometer  standing  at  l^<5dJnches.  This  addition^ 
dticrelise  in  the  temperature  of  >the  a^nosphere  caused  a  repetidon 
ofthj^t  cracking  of , the  ship's  timbers  which  bad  befoK  occiixrod. 
biit  which  had  ceased  for  some  time  past.  At  noon  the  tiwrm^ 
meter  in  the  shelde  rose  one  degree,  ftnd  at  two  P^M.  fell  aoaiii 
to  — 53%  »-« 

Two  of  the  Hecla^s  marines  having  been  guilty  of  drunkenness 
,the  preceding  nij^ht^  an  offence  whichf  under  any  circumstance^ 
It  was  my  duty  to  prewent,  but  which,  if  permitted  to  pass  unno- 
ticed, might,  in  our  present  situstion*  have  b^n  attended  with  the 
most  serioulB  coUi^equeiices  to  our  health  as  well  as  our  discipline, 
I  waa  ili^r  the  necessity  of  punishii.^'  *;dem  this  morning  with 
thirty.six  laHhes  each;  being  the  first  occasion  on  which  I  had  con- 
sidered it  hltcessary  to  inflict  corporal  punishment  during  thirteen 
months  that  the  Hecia  had  beeh  in  cominission,  a  fact  which  I 
h^e  much  satisfaction  in  rec(»rding,  as  extremely  creditable  to 
her  crew. 

H 


I  1 


/    if 


'■  I 


r>. 


I 


( 


,'   r 


Jj 


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pWsSp^IfTF 


""'.*';>';  ■rVi'.*'*^^^.'!'-' a?'; 


•,>»:  .:',iJrKjfi? 


# 


11 


130 

From  four  P: M.  on  the  l^th,  till  ^alf-ps^t  Itfven  on  the  {<:Xhif* 
ing  niDrdiiigi  bdiig  90  ini^erviil  of  fifteeen  tiouri  and  a  hiilf,  duiiii|; 
which  tiiiie  the  weather  #m  clear  and  bearly  ciidttii  a  thei^inoinetc^r 
fixed  «ii  a  poley  between  the  shi|w  and  the  shore*  never  rote  lAiove 
^^i(4%mdiimme€  during j^iit  interval,  namely  at  six  Ih  -tfie 
nonftigt  is  four  as  —  ^5*.  'Thlt  low  (empei^atnre  Qiig^t|  p«rha]^i, 
have  cbiitiinied  mnch  ldnger,^iit  for  a  light  breexe  which  iph«% 
tip  froin^  the  aorthwatviy  imme^tateW  0n  which'  the  therimketilr 
ro8eto-^4i^%a4d  coi|tiii^d  s|iUlo  rise  doling  the  4m  ^9^ 
ihidnighii  it  had  reaclMnd  -i-34*'  During  the  lowcusttempeiitlil^ 
al^ve- mentioned,  whieh  tras  the  most  intense  degttee  of  i^^ 
inarked  by  the  spirit  thennoinetjSr,  duriag  our  siay  itf  Winter  fitai^ 
iwi^iijOiTthe  sKghtest  •inicoki^veni^^ 

to  the  open  air,  by  a-  pm^fi  lirell  clothed,  as  long  ai  the  «rea«id|: 
#as  p^fecdjr^m ;  buf  in  walking  against*  vbryli|^t  ahr  of  n^iiil, 
a  smai^^g  a^nstttioniias  esfip^lenced  all  over  the  laee^ikccbaEipiiiiifi 
by  :a  ppp  ii^  the  Inltf^  d^W^f^  nii^ 

aey^fe.  -  W#am«sed  iotii^^  In  freezn^  schme  mercury  d^0^ 
the  ct«|Uhiiance  of  this  ciiT^'ireather,  and  b^  beating  it  o^td#  Hi 
anyi^^eyioatdy  reduced  to  the  ten^p^  of  the  iiciti^pi#»^'; 

it  did  not  wpear  to  be  very  malieablilwhen  in  this  stite,  ttsMj^ 
breakini^KAer  Jwo  or- titree  blo^sirom  the  haiinmei'.'^ 

thf  ^ojiased  le^  diy,  and  ^^eheerin|  presence  if 

thesimplatr  ieveral  hott^  the  horizon;  iii4u^^diite^^^^ 

ataitdijaigf  the  severity  of  "die  weather,  to  open  liie  dMtd'-lwhts  6f  tril- 
atem^windowst  in  onier  to  adthtt  the  daylight,,  of  which|  in  Oiir 
occtipa^fiMs  ^lowy^  ha^  ^tirefy  bjeen  d||fi^  more  thin 

^^  moiithsi'  I  hac^  l|^n«  lowev^  occpioh^  |o  '^|i^  thal"^^ 
chii^pl  was  Timer  prem«ture»|n4that  {  had  not  rij^tly  catlcatiitiill 
oiK  ^4eii|^<»f  .^0  winter  )n  Me^yiUe  Island.  ^  The  Hecla  v^as 
It^  Irim;  dioubw  wind(^|rs  in  her  stern,  th«  interval  between  the 
<!iiros|^^8  being  aboitt^^iwo  ^t;  «nd  within .diese  ionie  cnrtufia 
M  M»|  'Ind  be<^n  nailed  clo>ey  in  the  early  p|rt  of  the  «lntlf. 
0i|i;iM#e«|icHHri  the  curtainsr'thW  were  foaid 

jMc  ^  i^^^i^y  ceroei^  to  the  windows  by  1^  nroten  vnour 
collected  ift^een  themt  that^it  was  necessaiy  to  cut  them  0^^ 
m^ifpifft^p'tht  win#<:|Fs ;  and  from  the  spade  b^tweeii  the  doQ«- 
,b]»«aal^ weremoved  more  thflin  twelve  large  buckj^ts  ftdt  of  ii^; 
or  fto^^/  vapour  whm^lMi^i  acciunulated  ii|  the  same  mattaetr. 

AbNDiitl  ip6on»  on  the  I6th^  a  i|^|iii!ilion  fai^y  prisQitat^Ct  appeiired 
<m  ejsch  Slide  of  the  sun,  c^fitin^ing  poly  |pr  J^  N<!rt- 

fifidistaiiding  the  Ipw  teiif^emuireM  the 

dficers  contrived  la  act,  as  usuali  lw;i  play  aanbuiJiced  tok  this  iyen- 
ingf  i|iit  it  must  be  ciMalesfed  ihil  it  wak  almost  too  cold  for  either 
ihealtors  or  the  audif nee  to  eiyoy it;  espec||diy  for  thdse  of  thifc 
|(>pi^lil^ho  und;^rl0ol:  t^  Wh  w#ii 

fortunate,  howrver^  in  having  the  weather  moderate  as  to  w!id> 


1          Gringo 

I          sifroiigg 

drift,  coi 

did  not  r 

I          erineve 

perature 

1          theday, 

+23%  an 

I         the  cbio 

Much  as 

vent  it  w 

I          sources. 

winter  in 

?        w.is  •  >d 

y      wiv''; 

wific-%? 

)            The  u 

to  have  a 

^          the  stehi 

theimpa^ 

fore%ht 

!          <Q^8^the 

1         ik«am 

t          ei^v^ti 

I          c^nitlttuec 

thicitw 

1     .     up'rind 

imttA'or< 

1    '     went  on 

imdofd 

\       m^,  ot 

I         ed'«t<our 

lower,/'iir 

^         wottld^  at 

thanthip. 

ff         one- of.  d 

|;         sidir^'  U 

f     ■    low;  In 'o 

appeared, 
1         naedies;  ' 

i        The  bed' 

1        tiohof  ic 

1        hammock 

I,         h«l:been 

1         thurewc 

E    .-,      Athal 

% 


i: 


*. 


ISI 


^riDgonr  performance;  for,  on  its  fffshening  up  aoon  i^kdr  to  a 
sllroiig  gale  from  the  N.W.,  whicK  together  with  a  heaiij^'tiiow* 
drifts  continued  the  whole  of  the  following  day*  the  theiinbmeler 
did  not  rise  higher  than  —  36*}  a  change  that  made  the  Heclitcotd^ 
er  in  every  part  below  than  she  had  ever  been  before.  'The  teni* 
peratare  of  the  lo#et  deck  now  fe\l  to  +  34*  for  die  greater  part cf 
the  day,  that  of  the  coal-hole  to  +  1^%  that  of  the  spirit  room  to 
+  33%  and  dT  my  cabin  as  low  as  +  7*  during  the  nighty' by  which 
the  cbionometers,  Nos.  35  and  369)  of  Arnold,  were  stopped. 
Much  as  I  regretted  this  circumstance,  it  was  impossible  to  pre* 
vent  it  without  ^ch  an  increase  in  die  quantity  of  fuel  as  our  r6> 
sources,  when  calcidating  upon  the  chances  of  spending;  ahodier 
winter  in  these  regions,  would  by  no  means  admit.  Captain  Sa- 
biv.e  '  d  myself,  therefore,  ag^ed,  that  it  was  better  to  let'  these 
W|v  e  nain  dcmn,  during  the  ctmtinuance  of  the  severe  cold,. 
wnic.  '       accordingly  done. 

The  intense  cold  now  experienced  on  board'  the  Hedii,  seemsl 
to  have  arisen  principally  from  my  having  prematurely  uncovered  \ 
the  steta  windows,  which  I  had  been  induced  to  do,  not  lestf  from  | 
the  impalience  which  I  fefe  to  enjoy  this  cheering  raya  of  die  sua  1 
for  e^l;^  hours  of  the  d^,  than  on  atcoiiiit  of  the  ieivinB  of  cam-i 
dICsf  the  expenditure  of  which  had  hidierto  b^n  much  gpreatcir 
thtti  We  could  Well  alford*    In  the  edoiitant  ho|k»'thatewh  suc- 
ceeding day  would  produce  sonie  amendment  in  die  weadi'er^  we 
eni^v^ttred  contentedly  to  piit  tip  with  the  C(^d,  whieh,  however, 
c(|Mldtttted  to  be  so  intense  in  die  cabin  forseveral  weeks  after  this, 
thilC  it  Was  impossible  to  tfitthere  without  being  warmly  wn^iped 
u|i)$  and  it  was  not  uncommon  for  us,  at  this  period^  to  reverse  the  \ 
uatialvorder  of  things^  by  throwing  off  our  great  coats  when  we/  ^ 
Wfint  on  deck  ta  warm  ourselves  by  exercise  (the  only  mode, we 
htul  of  doing  so),  and  immodiatety  restimuig  them  on  coming  be- 
U^*    On  many  of  theie  occasions!  have  seen  atherinometef  plac- 
editt  our  feet,  standing  the  whole  day  under  -f  19%  andaometimea 
lower,  irhi^^^tiother,  suspended  in  the  upper  partbf  die  cabinu 
wottld^  at;  the  same  lime,  indicate  33*  or  34 ,  but  sdldom  higher 
thanthi^^  /'We  bad,  about  this  time,  two  cases  of  lumbago  ittid 
one  of  diarvhoia  added  to  die  sick  Iwt,  which  Mr.  £dwar«u  con- 
aidiried  to  have  been  brotigfat  on  by  the  coldness  of  the  decks  l^<* 
low;  i;9  one  of  these  cases,  some  scOrbudc  avmptonss  subs^quendjr 
mpeared,  which  yielded  withdtit  tnttth  diffiottlty  to  the  usiial  re- 
medies;   Mr,  Sci^iihad,  before  this  time,  completely  recovered* 
The  bed-plwcesGoittittttingver^  troublesome,  lirom  the  aeouWiiils^: 
d(ii  6f  ice  in  them^  seVeiid  of  die  men  were  ordered  to  sleep  in 
hammocks,  which  ue  much  moi^e  warm  and  comfortable;  but  diey 
had  been  so  long  accustomed  to  the  bed^places,  that  theife  vNA^m 
th»  rei^c^  a  good  deal  of  prejudice  to  overcome  amc^  diem* 

At  half-past  ten  P.M.^  oathe  t9ih^  the  Attrora  Borenltt  waa/ 


1 


M 


iWtffiiw;?wps<igiJ!»<|Wi:#iy!ii 


132 

fleeh,  w  described  by  Lieuteaimt  Beechy, « in  bright  comsiatioiify 
shooting  principally  from  the  S.b.W.  quarter  acroM  the  zenith  to 
K.N.£.,  and  partially  in  every  part  of  the  heavens.  The  lightr< 
whM  most  vivid,  was  of  a  pale  yellow,  at  other  times  white,  €%<* 
cepting  to  the  south  wurd,  in  which  direction  a  dull  red  tinge  waa 
now  wad  then  perceptible.  The  coruscations  had  a  tremulous 
waviiw  motion,  and  most  of  them  were  crooked  towards  the 
£.N.£.  The  fresh  gale  which  blew  at  the  time  from  the  N.N.E., 
appeared  to  have  no  effect  on  the  Aurora,  Which,  as  before  ob*> 
served,  st^cMned  directly  to  windward,  and  this  with  great  veloci^. 
The  iM^ghter  part  of  this  meteor  dimmed  whatever  stars  it  pMsed 
aver,  even  those  of  the  first  magnitude ;  and  those  of  the  second 
and  third  magnitude^  so  much  as  to  render,  them  scarcely  visible. 
The  wind  blew  too  strong  for  the  electrometer  to  be  used^  hut 
Kater's  compass  was  not  in  the  slightest  degree  affected.  The 
irhole  of  the  phenomenon  disappeared  in  about  three  quarters  of 
anhour." 

On  the  28(|,  the  weather  was  fine  and  clear,  and  thcmgh  Uie  th«r- 
mbmeter  continued  from  f—  34*  to  --36*  in  ihe  shade,  aiMt  only  rose 
to-— dSf  in  Uie  sun  at  two  P.Mi,  the  walking  was  unusually  .plea- 
sant to  otu>  feelings.  With  our  present  temperature,  the  brmi  of 
a  person,  at  a  little  distance,  looked  exactly  like  ^  smoke  of  a  , 
musket  just  fired,  and  that  of  a  party  of  men  em^kJyed  upon  the 
ice  to*day  resembled  a  thick  white  cloud. 

The  weaker  was  still  fine  and  dear  overhead  on  the  84ti),  hot 
there  being  a  moderate  breete,  from  the  northward  which  raised  a 
little  anow<«diift,  with  the  theimometer  from  ^^^  43*  to  -«*  44*  dHTr . 
lag  tile  day,  it  was  very  severe  in  the  open  air.  At  a  quarts, 
past  ten,  wlule  the  men  were  running  round  the  decks  for  exer- 
cise, and  were  on  that  account  fortunately  well  clothtfd,  the  house 
on  shore  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire.  All  the  offieers,  and  men 
of  both  ships,  instantiy  ran  up  to  extinguish  it;  and  haviag,.by 
great  exertion,  pulled  <}ff  the  roof  with  ropes,  and  knocked  ^QWH 
apsbt  of  the  sides j  so  as  to  allow  snow  to  be  thrown  Upon  t|ie 
flame8,:«e  succeeded  In  getting  it  under,  after  three-i^iMtt^  of 
an  hour,  and  fortunately  before  the  fire  had  reached  ^t  et4  of 
tile  hosise  where  the  two  clocks,  together  with  tiie  tfaniii,  ahd  otiier 
valttaye  instruihents,  wm«  standing  in  their  caata*  Having  re- 
n6ved  these,  and  covered  the  riiins  with  snow,  to  })reveat  any  re-^ 
mainis  of  fire  from  breaking  out  again,  we  returned  oh  board  tiU 
niore  temperate  weather  should  enable  us  to  dig  out  the  rest  ol 
tiie  thingSf  among  which  notl^ngof  anv  material  consequehee  "wm 
sttbseqoentiy  found  to  have  aoffered  injAry;aadf  halving  musieitd 
the^^lps'  companies  to  see  thatth^  hadputoiidry  ektii^  bi^EoiO 
going  todinaer,;they  were  employed  during  the  rest  of  the  day  in 
dryiag^ose  which  had  been  wet.  The  appearpace  which  e«r 
flees  presented  at  the  fire  was  a  curious  one,  alinost  etery  nobe 


133 

and  cheek  having  become  quite  white  with  frost-bites  m  five  mi- 
nates  after  being  exposed  to  the  weather;  so  that  it  was  deemed 
necessary  for  the  medical  gentlemen,  together  with  some  othera 
appointed  to  assist  them,  to  go  constantly  round,  while  the  men 
were  working  at  the  fire,  and  to  rab  with  snow  the  parts  affected, 
in  order  to  restore  animation.  Notwithstanding  this  precaution* 
which*  however,  saved  many  frost-biteq^,  we  had  an  addition  of  no 
less  than  sixteen  men  to  the  sick-lists  of  both  ships  in  consequence 
of  this  accident.  Among  these  there  were  four  or  five  casea 
which  kept  the  patients  confined  for  several  weeks;  but  John 
Smith,  of  the  artillery,  who  was  Captain  Sabine's  servant,  and 
who,  together  with  sergeant  Martin,  happened  to  be  in  the  house 
at  the  time  the  fire  broke  out,  was  unfortunate  enough  to  suffer 
much  more  severely.  In  their  anxiety  to  save  the  dipping-needle. 
Which  was  standing  close  to  the  stove,  and  of  which  they  knew  the 
value,  they  immediately  ran  out  with  it ;  and  Smith,  not  having 
time  to  put  on  his  gloves,  had  his  fingers  in  half  an  hour  so  be- 
numbed, and  the  animation  so  completely  suspended^  that,  on  his 
being  taken  on  board  by  Mr.  Edwards,  and  having  his  handa 
plunged  into  a  basin  of  cold  water,  the  surfocc  of  the  water  was 
immej^iately  frozen  by  the  intense  cold  thus  suddenly  communicated 
to  it;  and,  notwithstanding  the  most  human^  and  unremitting  at- 
tention paid  to  them  by  the  medical  gendemen,  ir  <ras  found  neces- 
sary, some  time  after,  to  resort  to  the  ampuUtion  of  a  part  of  four 
fingers  on  one  hand»  and  three  on  the  other. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


More  temperate  Weaiher-^Honse  Re^JmiU^ffuaniit^  of  Ice  colkete4  on 
a^  Hefla^s  lower  ieck^-^eteoroU^gkal  Phenomena— Condmum 
qf  Theatric  Bntertainments-^lnereaud  Sieknees  on  board  the 
Grim—Chthet  first  dried  in  the  onen  JHr—RemarkabU  OUos 
and  FarheHa—Bttowblindness—Cvmng  the  lee  round  the  Shipip 
t^fid  other  Occurrences  to  the  close  (^  Jtaif. 

BEFORE  sun-rise,  on  the  mominp;  of  the  Ist  of  March,  LteU- 

I .tenant  Betichey  reouirked  so  much  bright  red  light  near  the  south- 
matem  horizon,  that  he  constantly  thought  Uie  sun  was  rising, 
netrly  half  an  hour  before  it  actually  appeared ;  there  was  a  column 
of  light  above  the  sun,  similar  to  those  which  we  had  before  seen. 
The  day  being  clear  and  moderate,  a  party  of  men  was  employed 


V  ifl 


\t 


134 

in  digging  out  the  things  w|>ich  were  buried  in  the  ruins )  th« 
elocks  were  removed  on  beard  for  examinttion,  and  prepmtionfi 
were  made  to  rebuild  the  house  for  their  reception.    Somcl  of  our 
gentlemen  who  walked  to  the  south-west  during  the  day,  observed 
the  snow,  in  certain  parts  which  were  exposed  to  the  sun*  to  be 
glazed,  so  as  to  be  very  slippery,  as  if  a  partial  thaw  had  taken 
place.    It  is,  perhaps,  reqii|isite  to  have  experienced  the  anxietf 
with  which  we  were  now  beginning  to  look  for  some  favourable 
chaage  in  the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere,  to  conceive  the  ea- 
gerness with  which  this  informatiooT  was  received,  and  the  im- 
portance attached  to  it  in  our  minds,  as  the  first  faint  indication  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  winter's  snow.    In  the  evening  the  wind 
freshened  from  the  southward,  and  before  midnight  hacTtncreMcd 
to  a  strong  gale,  which  is  very  unusual  from  that  quarter*         . 
The  thermometer  rose  very  gradually  with  the  wind,  wliieli 
blew  strong  for  several  hours  during  the  night,  but  entirely  died 
away  between  eight  and  ninie  A.M.  on  the  2d.    At  nine  o'clock  n 
parhelion  appeared  on  each  side  of  the  sun,  at  the  angular  distance 
of  21'  38%  that  on  the  eastern  side  being  bright  and  prismatic,  the 
other  indistinct  at  first,  but  becoming  as  clear  as  the  Other  as  Uid 
sun  rose  higher.     They  were  not  seen  after  ten  o'clock  until  half 
past  one  P.M.,  when  they  re-appeared  for  a  short  time,  at  the  dif 
tance  of  22*.    About  two  P.M.  a  very  thick  kind  of  haze,  or  fog, 
came  on,  which  obscured  objects  at  a  mile's  distance,  and  at  timet 
much  nearer.    By  us,  who  anxiously  caught  at  any  thing  which 
could  be  construed  into  a  favorable  indication,  this  fog  was  hailed 
with  pleasure,  as  a  symptom  of  returning  moisture  in  the  atmdi- 
phere. 

On  the  4th  there  were  more  clouds  in  the  atmosphere,  and  they 
were  harder  and  better  defined  about  the  edges,  than  they  had 
been  before  during  the  winter:  a  thermometer  in  the  shade  seemed 
now  also  to  be  more  affected  by  the  general  influence  of  the  sun's 
rays  upon  the  atmosphere,  rising  from  •— 30°  to  —  £4*  at  noon* 
At  half^past  eleven  A.M,  a  halo  appeared  round  the  sun,  at  the 
distance  of  22Mir  from  it,  consistin  of  a  circle  nearly  compleite, 
and  strongly  prismatic.  Three  parb  4,  or  mock  suns,  were  dls*" 
tihctly  seen  upon  this  circle;  the  6' .  uting  directly  over  the  aii^n* 
and  one  on  each  side  of  it,  at  its  .  «vn  t  titudie.  Hid  brismatic  tints 
were  much  more  brilliant  in  t'.e  parhelia  than  in  any  other  part  of 
the  circle;  but  red,  yelloW,  ^i  blue,  were  the  only  colours  which 
could  be  traced,  the  first  of  these  being  invariably  next  the  sun  in 
i^  the  phenomena  of  this  kind  ^vhich  came  under  our  biMenration* 
I'rom  the  sun  itself  several  rays  of  white  light,  contiguous  bat  not 
very  brilli^t,  extended  in  various  directions  beyond  the  halO,  ittd 
these  n^s  were  more  bright  after  they  had  passed  through  the 
circle,  than  they  were  in  the  part  within  it  i  this  phenomenon  con- 
tinued for  nearly  two  hours.     The  Aurora  Borealis  Was  seen 


135 


fainttynear  the&L&W.  horizon,  for  three  or  four  hoors  before 
Hiidnight. 

The  5th  of  Martt.  fas  b.  most  mild  and  pV««nnf  day  we  had 
experienced  for  teveral  we«.»jf  alight  breeze  .  ./sgingup  from 
the  sbuthwarSl  and  eastward^  having  raised  the  thermometer  grf- 
dually  from  -—  £6*  at  four  A.  M.»  to  — ^  15?  at  n«on ;  andt  after  di- 
vine service  had  been  performed^  almost  all  the  officers  and  men 
in  both  ships  were  glad  to  take  advantage  of  it,  by  enjoying  a  long 
wallc  upoBi  the  nei^bduring  hills.  The  weather  had  been  hazy, 
with  Hfl^t  snow  and . some  clbnds  in  the  morning ;  but  the.  latter 
gtvduaify  dispersed  after  noon,  aflbrding  us  the  first  day  to  which 
we  could  attach  the  idea  of  springs  As  soon  as  the  clouds  had  al- 
lowed the  sUn  tb  com^ottt,  a  parhelion  appeared  on  cach.side  of  it 
at  the  same  iltitudc ;  that  to  the  westward»  which  was  seen  on  a 
l^iok  dark,  cloud,  being  bri^t  and  prismatic ;  the  other,  appearii^ 
on  the  blue  sky,  being  scarcely  preceptible.  A  ray  of  btight  .yel- 
low li^ht  extei^ed  horizontally  about  d*  or  4*  on  each  side  of  the 
parhelia,  and  also  a  stripe  of  prismatic  colours  from  each.of  Iheipl 
to  the  horizon.  Both  these  were  prDbaUy  parts  of  the  circle 
which  are  frequently  seen  to  accompany  these  phenoaieQa»  jand  at 
the  iritersecUon  df  Which  the  parhelia  usually  appear.  , ; . 

On  the  6th/at  eight  AiM.,  the  thermometer  h«d  got  upto  z#^ 
being  the  first  time  we  had  registered  so  high  a  temperature  sin^ 
the  1 7th  of  the  preceding  December.  The  wind  veered  ghidua% 
from  9.S.E.,  round  by  west,  t6  north,  Sind  at  night  was  remarkaUy 
variable  and  squally,  frequently  changing,  almost  instantly,  froin 
north  to  west,  and  viceversd  ;  aometimes  being  so  light  as  not  to 
extinguish  a  naked  candle  at  the  g^gway,  and  at  others  blowing  a 
strong  breeze.  Squalls  of  this  kind  we  had  not  observed  before, 
nor  did  they  occur  on  any  other  occasion ;  we  could  not  perceive 
ailky  alteration  in  the  thermometer  while  they  iMted. 

We  continued  to  enjoy  the  same  temperate  and  enlivening  wea- 
thei*  (Ml  the  Ttfa,  and.now  began  to  flatter  ourtelviss  in  earnest,  that 
the  season  had  taken  that  favourable  change  for  which  we  had  sc 
long  been  looking  with  extreme  anxiety  and  impatience.  This 
hope  WMi  much  strengthened  by  a  circumstance  which  occurred  to- 
days (tnJdwhkhf  trifling  as  it  would  have  appeared  in  imy  otiber  si- 
tuiition  than  ours,  was  to  us  a  matter  of  no  small  interest  and  satiph 
factidn.  This  was  no  other  than  the  thawing  of  a  small  quantity  of* 
snow  in  a  favouraUe  situation  ii^n  the  black  paint  work  of  the 
ship*s  stern*  which  eXaetljr  laiced  the  south,  being  the  first  time  that 
such  an  event  had  occtirred  for  moreUian  five  monUis.  The  ther- 
mometer at  tl^s  time  stood  at  -f-  35*  in  the  sun,  but  no  appearance 
of  thawing  took  place,  except  in  the  situation  described,  and  even 
there,  upon^the  fellow  paint  th«r snow  remained  as  hard  as  before. 
Vfe  could  perceive,  from  the  top  of  the  north-eastern  hill  of  the 
t^llbour,  froM  which  we  had  the  most  extensive  view  to-the  south 


i. 


136 


and  east,  that  a  line  of  hummocks  had  been  fStoftmu  up  to  a  con- 
siderabie  height  upon  the  ice,  at  the  distance  of  six  or  seven  milea 
lirom  the  land,  and  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  it.  It  was  here 
probaldy  that  the  junction  of  the  old  and  **  young*'  ioea  had  taken 
place  in  the  autumn,  the  space  betweoi  the  Ime  of  hummoeln  and 
the  famd' being  occnp4ed  by  the  ice  which  this  winter  liad  produced, 
and  by  the  breakng  up  or  dissolution  of  which  we  eduld  aloue  hope 
to  proceed  on  our  voyage.  '1 

Advantagv  was  tak««n  of  the  present  mild  and  pleasant  wealiher, 
to  rebuild  the  house  on  shore,  which  was  oon^ted  in  a  fe#  days, 
when  the  clocks  were  replaced  in  it,  in  reskliaeso  for  Ca{^uii  8a- 
biiie  to  beg^n  his  escperiments  on  the  pendulum,  whenevter'the  sea- 
son would  permit.  The  observations  which  we  luid  been  enabled 
to  make  during  the  winter  were  principally  coined  to  lunar  dia- 
tanoes,<and  to  the  altitudes  of  stars  for  iacing  the  apptavtit 
time.  It  was  our  earnest  desire  to  have  o.  lined  a  serleb  of  oli- 
aenNitioDs  on  the  zenith  distances  of  certain  stars,  in  ovder  to  ditteti- 
miiie'die  amountof  atmospherical  refraction  intheie  latitudes  dur- 
ii^l^-'the  %iater  season.  The  only  instrument  in  our  ;pdsse^on, 
hoi^ever,  which  was  adapted  to  this  purpose  was  dije  repeating  cir- 
cle, of  which  we  were  unfortuintely  precludeid  theiue  by  a  nuili- 
ber  of  chvumstances  not  previbusly  ailtic^>ated,  and  lirhlch  indeed 
etiuld  not  easily  have  occurred  to  the  minds  of  those  accustomed 
laii^fii  wake  observations  in  more  temperate  cli  mates.  A'vpanS- 
euhi^  icc6unt  of  these  difficulties  being  given  in  another  |^ce  % 
l^tain  Sabine  whose  unremitted  attention  waut  foraome  time  de- 
votid  to  the  means  of  overcoming  them,  I  sbail  only  here  mention 
•gliiefatly,  t^tthe  princtpid  of  them  arose  from  the  unequal  oon- 
ffffttidn'i^tli^  brass  and  iron,  and  from  the  freezing  ttf  the  oil^  by 
#hich  thelnslrumeiit  was  so  set  fast  as  to  make  it  impossibhito 
turn  it  in  aztoAUth  I  alto,  from  the  extreme  Contraction  of  die 
splits,  leaving  Uo  bubUeby  which  the  level  could  be  read.  With 
ifspett  to  the  experimention  the  pendulum,  it  was  on  every  at- 
cquht  eonaide#ed  advisable  to  Wait  for  the  return  of  spring,  rather 
than  to  attempt  observations  reqmring  such  mimueiW8S,and  iso  uni- 
lliiili  a  temperature,  at  a  ^me  when  the  veiy  touch  ofinttrumen^ 
wai  p^nf^  and  When  no  o^ervation  could  hi  made  1u  the  optn 
1^  i»^ithoUt  carefi^  heldtiig  the  breath*  v 

Th%  severe  Weather  which,  until  the  last  two  or  thi^e  dnm,  we 
iMu)  expi^lMiced  for  a  lengdi  of  time,  had  be^  tiie  means  of  keep- 
Mgftt  a  ^!d  stafte  idl  the  vapour  which  had  atsoumulated  and  fro^ 
^h  upon  thi£  sbips'  sides  on  the  lower  deck.  As  long  as  ititil^ 
tiiiued  iil  thii  state,  it  did  not  prove  a  source  of  ahnoyaiice,  ivpt- 
<^itty  as  it  had  no  eommunication  with  the  bed-plaees.  On  the 
l^tiiry,  indited,  I  had  ima|^iied,  whether  justly  or^c^rw&e  I 
know  not,  that  a  lining  of  this  kind  rather  dia  Kood  dian  harm,%V 
preventing  the  escape  of  a  cerCEun  portion  of  ime  WUrmth  thr0ti||$i 


wi 


^«  ships*  ,sidei.  The  Ute  mUdncM  of  the  weather,  hov«Vfr,  hnv- 
ing,  caused  a  thaw  to  uke  pUce  below,  it  now  became  tMceaaaiy 
immediately  to  scrape  off  the  coating  of  ice  ;  and  it  wUI,  nwipa« 
be  scarcely  €redite4>thajt  we  this  day  removed  above  one  Aini^Md 
bHcketo  full,  each  containing  from  five  to  sis  gallona,  be^s  thBilW- 
cumulatioa  which  had  taken  place  in  an  intjerval  of  lcas«  ^«»  fepir 
weeks.  It  maybe  observed,  that  this  vapour  nivat  principally:  have 
been  produced  from  the  men's  breath,  and  from  the  steam  of  th«^ 
pricluals  during mfals,  that  frojs  thf  coppera  bei^g  effectwiUy  ear- 
ned o|tclc<^kby^  the.  screen  which  I  have  hffipre  inentioiM4 
^  James  Richardson,  a  seaman  of  the  He<ilia,  one  of  the  mm  m^ 
|iad  b^  attacked  by  lumbago  a  short  time  before,  now  eviaicadl 
sonie  sympiioina  of  fcurvy,  and  was,  therefore,  immediatdv  puion 
ttie  anti^corbtttio  diet«  About  this  time,  also,  John  t<t|ill^» 
iM^WamVm^tjB  oC  the  Griper,  a|i4  William  Wright*  seamAH  of 
^f  I.  4c^  were  attacked  in  a  similar  manner  j  and  Uieae  Cfvo  qinHta 
subsequently  proved  the. worst  of  i;his  nati^re  on,  bc^  the  ships. 
Immediately,  on  the  appearance  of  any  complaint  among  the  mi^ 
mid  especially  when  t|ie  symptoms  wer^  in  the  slightest  ifegree  scor- 
buticr  the  p<iti«Qts  were  removed  to  thc^fSi<^k*bfiy,,ifl|ftr«  tli^.bed^ 
places  were  larg^f  and  more  convenient,  anid  where  as^nMM|  su»yfi 
was  fixed  when^  necessary,  so  as  to  make  it  a  ,wbrm  an^$«oai£ujiaF 
**«*  PH»ce,  apa^  from  the  rest  of  the  ship's  company.  * 

From  ten  till  eleven  A.M.  tUs  day^  a  h«}p  ajn4  thioe^  p«^^id^ 
were  seen  about  the  sun,  in  every  reSp«ct,  similar  to  tjiope  desonli- 
ed  on.  the  4tb.  About  one  P.M.,  there  being  a  fresh  l>reeze  ff^ 
Jbie .northward,  with  some  snow-drift^, ,tb« .parhelia  te-«ppaare4 
bemg  much  roore^brig^t  and  priMmrtic;t|ifmitt;t^e^f^^ 
accompanied  by  the.usual.  halo»  which  wps  liemriF  i9ommp  aid 
whose  radius  meff^ured  82i%  The  pavbciUa^m.  eacli^e  of  ^ 
aKipit^xe  atvttmjBS,8obrightas  toiici.  ptO^  in  ioohfi^ 

steadfastly  at  themu.  When  they  we?^hrigi>«W%*tha  light  |^ 
nipriy  jxrhitey  aiid  this  generally  occurred  whan  the  wind  wiia  m^at 
OMx^rate,  ami  w^n  there  was.,  consequeully  less  8^ow<<|(^ik« 
Wheii*  on  the  other,  hand,  the  wind  and  drift  increai^,^^ef  £««. 
came  ota  deeper  tint,  but  the  red  a^d  a  pale  yelloif  iif  if  &  eifljr 
distinguishable  colouis,  andformer  being  as  usus^ msaEt  the  smi^  I 
Thf  se  parhelia  f^e  much  better  resi^mblimces  of  the  sun  lliu  anr ' 
W9  hiii#e«i»  befor^t^jbeins  sm^er,moie  compact  jimd  circalar,  pnd 
bettfrdem>cd,ab^ut  their  edges  than  usual,  ppproaclunfl^  in  eVe^ 
respeet,  nearer  to  thi^appeanmee  of  the  sunV  disk^  wWchhas-^ 
tamed  for  them  the  name  of  mock-suns.  «The  pa^hetion  over  dp 
fw,wasfev^jverybrig^t,.aiid  ihocircfe^  ) 

lr»»»ged^M*ithe  ppsma^ci^^urs*^^  a  hori36Q|i«!dciiQie 

of  palewhit^Jight  psssed  ||«wigh  *ft  suuV  disk,,a^|^^        \ 

tho9^^  Py  hM^g,  At  uie  sun  thnough  a  coloured  glass^^ii  c^kunii 

■  S    .  . 


^/i./jy' 


Si 


!-, 


ill 


138 


'I 


fm 


\  df  light  wta  tein  Snider  ft;  Itt  dftMi  obserirMl  tMfbM.  The  bright- 
lliaHi  of  tl^e  trhdle  phenomeikm  ▼•H«d  every  IlietaDt,  en  •eceunt  of 
ithJrWjjir^drtft.      , 

'WHUh  ihls  pheiKrnienon  had  eotathiued  abdut  bb  hour  end  •  hoir« 
t  #B>fM^«t^  •  •egmem  of  inother  ctrele  aboire  the  Ihret,  «id  In- 
f  #en«d  #ith  reMrd  td  it;  It*  centre  bcfaigioffletrhere  aear  the  tealih. 
^  7%4  .wiiiriafc  tr6ih  the  imif  Co  thie  segMieiit  ww  obtout  S4\  tm  neuly 
lU  nii^  iMdiidnctiieM  oC^  letter  would  ello#  of  its  heisg  measur- 
m^tjliiwhth  d}ea^ft»f«red  in  two  hdure  end  a  half  fton  Itecom- 
menceililekity  4wAog  whfeh  time,  the  thermomeCer  wwhWk  -^  tV 
'm-^^'iKfi  i^d  the  Whither  fine  and  dear  over  head.    From  nine 
l*.1lti;  tin  aiiidhighiy  the  Aurora  Borealie  appeared  lilintl]^  in  ^ 
hdhlkdn  tb  the  kooth,  oeeallonilly  streaming  tdwirdi  the  2ieBith  in 
eorueemidi^ofiMle  iHiftellf^  %• 

-  On  the  ffth,  it  blew  a  ham  gale  ftom  the  netthwird  and  weiC^ 
war4,  ndsing  a  8tiow«dnft  wh|6h  made  the  dajr  dmoet  at  indement 
ae  in  the  midtt  of  whiter.  The  wind  very  suddenly  ceased  in  the 
efvMiiii|,  1^  while  Oie  atmosphere  near  the  ships  was  so  serene 
<iid;  utvdistitl^  that  the  imoKe  rose  quite  penwAdioelivly,  we  saw 
the  8tiow^«^ift  on  the  hilte  at  one  or  two  miW  dislatiOe  whiried  up 
into' the ^1*/ hi  eolumaa  several  hundred  feet  hi|^»  and  cai^^ed 
afoni%'^e  wlhd,  iomt^iniettO  the  north,  and  at  ofheta  liit^^p- 
p^lte  directioli.  ThO  snow,  thus  raised,  at  timet  leseillM 
Wfittti^ipiulli,  but  1^  frequently  appeared  like  smoke  isaiilli|; 
fNdIm  durtbpB  of  ilii^lilUsf  and,  as  sudi,  was  at  first  represejited'tD 

OuihellKfh,  liilii^iieDiintXIddon  Imported  anodier  of  his  semften' 
ib  M  tdli^oiid  tM  iii^  two  ^soich  «hip  labettring^ 

mr§  oi^l|«i^.t&ad«ir'dfirti#efiter  Mr.  ^ciHiiihdiki  cdmpb^tted  igdin 
t1Mf#4<^iRbte^«ici:t^^  fait  own  aorouitt^M^lis^  tired  ivMli 
liittiti|^  :**  by  aiSilitio^,  fibwever,  to  the  warmth  aiKl  dryness  of  hit 
tfiihfiigf,  hit  graduiliyivcovered' his  former  strehgdi  as  the  season 

%  tllir  i  161^^  breeiie  fttim  t^^  N.b.W.,  with  a  heavy  sBOi#> 
ihffc,  ou  the  iMH,  ii^hicfacouttaitted,  wiill  little  Imtrmitfiion,  ott 
m^  ii^'iiitt  ^  t4th }  afording^^u^  a  couvificing  pto#  that>die 
ft^i^^dk^iilcli  we  had  t^  the  tp^^v^m^ 

&%§t^itwk  nol  yet  to  be  aiK^ompBshed.  Put^hlg  this  timirthe 
thl!NiDm«itet  Itad  ohee'mtire  liilkt^  ae  low  m  «-^  ^HiMge 

itfllHi,  iM^1!h#i^i#^  wofelfimttf^ltt  ^e  saIHe  «liii^ 

iiif il  W^byd  'hM^(^e^#i^.<^'^^toi^^i^^ 
i^^lili^i*C^ii^^#irtetUmate^iffl  a-higfaer  pifft  of  Oi*  ecaU^    ilM 
b|^'hitd^ol:diiibn  to  obierv¥thiithiti«^^ 

i^k^il^a^^  '      •■■■"*■■"  '->■'  ■" '  .^■- •- ' 

At  bilr  F.1^  Oft  ihe  i4th;^«e  Weathe^'b^ 
i)ie  neriiontiltbr  at  ^d^Mn  the  sun,  thete  was  «  secoiid  firtiil 


mmmm 


wmmmimmm 


iMliiB|l  of  the  tao^  upoo  tlM  thipt*  ften*  ImneidUl#  m  Um 
•iwinoinf  up  of. »  kriit  breez*,  however,  the  themooMiter  i^  thi 
eon  IcU  to  -(•  1 1%  and  et  half*past  two  wee  et  4. 6*,  the  temitenitairf 
of  the  air  in  the  ehede  remaining  ateadily  (roaa-«  U*  to«»  %9*» 
At  five  P.M.*  a  parheiion  wee  oMerved  on  each  eide  of  the  tUBy 
at  itaowa  altitude,  and  diatant  from  it  29*  10%  with  a  pari  of  lAm 
ueual  horisootal  circle,  extending  9*  or  3*  from  the  outer  edge  01 
each  parhelion. 

On  thj  16ih|  thcae  being  little  wind,  the  wealher  wia  agaiii 
ihraeant  and  comfortahle,  though  the  thermometer  remaimd  very 
»w.  While  it  continued  nearly  calm*  we  obeerved  the  following 
diflerencee  in  the  temperature  of.  the  air  in  the  ehade  and  m  t)te 
euoi  the  latter*  were,  however:^  acted  1^  a  thermometer  placed  iMif 
der  the  ehip*e  etcm,  which  aituaticn  waa  a  warm  one»  for  the  rear 
son*  before  aaaigned* 


fi 


A.M.  9 

.      SRADE  —  94* 

8UH  ^  M* 

10 

.     --13* 

.  +«r 

11 

.     —W 

.  +«M' 

Noon 

.    —  «• 

.  +«•* 

P.M.     3 

.        .    —13* 

.  -nr. 

Xhie  evenittgf  the  offiecra  performed  the  ftrcea  of ,  thp  <ji^«t# 
and  the  Maymr^  Garratt^  being  the  htat;  of  o«r  theatrical  amiite; 
mtaialbr  thia  winter,  the  aeaaon.having  wm  arrived  wk^  Jkm 
wooU  ao  loMger  be  a  want  of  occupation  fier  tha  ji|e0|.|ind.  whf  n,  U 
became  neceesary  abo  to  remove  a  part  of  the  roonug  to  adm 
U^  to  the  oflmeva'  cabina.  Our  poeta  were  again  set  10  porh  pk 
<hia«coaaioat  and  an  mpropriate  addreae  waa  thia  evening.  ap9ihc|i 
onAeckiaingAf  the  North  Georgia  Theatre,  than  which  we  m«yt 
fNihmitvaoity^be  peimitted  to  aay«  none  had  ever  dope  mw»  t^ 
aafvice  io  iha  eomaaunity  for  whoae  benefit  it  waa Jvneodi^t 

^Bmo.^.  the  tteela*t  seamen,  who  were. employad: on  ahoM  m 
digging aionee Ibr hellaat,  reported  00  tholKMh,  that  they M •Offfl 
agjlaiinotti  gttil»  oTtone  of  that  epeciea  kanpn  to  tailoii  by  jt|ia>^|pe 
or^l>nilgimm»r<^^..  On  being  ^aeatipiM;4  Teepecthijs  thia  bip^ 
thtyjMitia^<daaialMko»  tfie  impeoatbility^etf  thew  havifigmiatfriwp 
Itp  <fciBdi;4ii^ing4been^  m  lU  .  Aa»  hqiwever, 

thaaegiillfecanBot  MeU  eiibaiBt  !Brith(Mii«|»n  water,  of  wMcb  tilf  c^ 
wap^a^tMniynaiie^itho^tlffighbourhoQd  lit  that  period,  we  co!^^ 
tiispdjthiitrte^nlglii  havoyhean  an  owl  f  a  Mad  (hat  may,  perhapii 
tna>aiin»oft{the  irtand,evaft  daring  Aa.  whole  winter^  ae  the  nblipi? 
dance  oft  aaice  (JUiw  Hwkpnk^^  of  which  we  conitantly  taw  ii|i| 
tra^ «piaii> «he  enow,  Wo«ldl»rBiib  them. irith  an  ftmjploM 
^food.  ^wfM  n9ovell|y;l»ipa,.ho(9rftfr,  to  aee  •ny  Uvwg  M 
in  ihia  de^diate  aj^t ;  lor  om  mavoivfiaai^d  fo^tea,  oiiroc^a^i^ 
tiaitora  during  the  win^i  had  almoit  entirely  deaertei  «a  lor 
naiMnd  wecka  paat. 


1 


j.j 


1  I 


140 


i  I 


W\ 


J 


/ 


h  TKe  tielt  ripopt  «f  tlw  Griptr  this  dagr  eoMtiatd  no  lett  Own 
'  ten  CAMp,  off  whioli  four  wvre  tcorbiitic,  wbilt  tbt  aonibtr  of  tick, 
or  rather  of  convaleiceiit,  o»  board  the  Hee^  did  not  amooM  to 
half  that  attmhar.  On  inaiilriiig  into  th«  probahla  cauaa  of  ihia 
ottraordittary  proportioii  of  akk  on  board  tha  Gripar,  which,  jntt 
at  thia  period,  #hen  their  aervicea  began  to  be  nacaaaaiy  to  our  re- 
oi^uipmcnt^  waa  likely  to  prove  of  aeriooa  inip0rtanea»  1  found,  from 
Lieutenant  Liddon,  that  the  beama  and  bed-placea  on  tha  Gripar'a 
lower-deck  had  lately  bean  m  ao  damp  a  amta,  in  coiMaquence 
df  the  coodenaation  or  the  vt^oor  upon  themy  and  in  qiite  of  ev«iry 
endeavour  to  prevent  it,  that  there  could  be  little  doubt  of  die 
caliae  to  which  the  present  unheallhineaa  of  the  creW  waa  to»be 
chiefly  attributed.  1^  therefore,  directed  a  survey  to  be  heldhy 
the  thtec  medical  ofice.t,  and  a  report  to  be  made  c^  their  opinions, 
as  to  the  expediency  of  altogether  removing  the  bed-placea,  or  of 
adopting  My  other  meaiM  for  obviating  the  evil  in  questipn.  These 
gentlemen  were  of  opinion  that  the  extreme  dampness  was  •*  occa- 
aioned  by  tiie  necessary  prmumity  of  the  bed-places  to  the  vessels' 
aideSf  and  the  smallness  of  the  lower-deck,  in  consequence  of  which 
the  vapoura  formed  were  deposited  in  ao  great  abondanee,  patti- 
cularly  during  meal-times,  diat  die  heat  of  the  firea  was  inadequate 
to  reiftoiva  the  evil  before  the  cauae  waa  again,  renewed."  They 
Idierelbra  feeommended  tidiing  do^wn  the  bed-placaa,  in  ord«r  4o 
admit  a  aware  free  ventllationi  aa  well  as  a  more  equal  diati^ibiition 
of  the'  warmthy'Mid  that  hammocka  should  be  subatUutad  ia.dieir 
place ;  an  alteration  which  was  immediately  adopted.  While  on 
thia  anbiect,  #hich  ia  so  intimately  connected  wtSdi  the  heiMof 
taiin^m^the  Arctic  regions,  it  may  be  proper  for  me  to  ramark 
timt,  althott^  the  bad-placea,  which  wei«fitiediitt%>ardthaifiei^ 
mid  GifpCTi  give  a  «eat  and  comfortable  appeavaner to  tho  lower 
4$ck,  tad  ari'in  reality  a igreatconvenienee  to  the  men -in  many 
fCip^n,  yee  that  onr  winter^a  experience  plainly  ihewa  themlobe 
f  gofavotirable  to  the  accumulaUon  of  dampness  or  ice  within  tli«m, 
^'^hit  thire  can<  ^remain  little  doubt^  of  their  unfitness  for  tlua  aar- 
viee;  and,  I  believe,  that  hammoekjl  will  be  found  wainprywdf in 
oViry^^respaet  mOre^comfortabte  to  the  nwn^  ilian«any  o^ei.  4dnd 
<bf  sicephig^iplaee  that  could  be  adcpccd.  Tdtte ovMia'jt^dwis, 
'whtchare^necessarily  closer  to  the  shtp^f  sldot^die^ann|0  TBwark 

Epjplliea  stilt  more  stfongfyrand^iiththiii  difference  only,  tfatliiaon 
ccoont  of  the  want  of  mmthv  cot*  itiuat  ^  iie  uied  vinate^  of{>lwm- 
socka>  The  advantage  or  tlittS>femovingfifom  dm  ah^aidoswaa 
Ttniarkatily  proved  in  the  case  of  dieutenant  I4ddon^  whoae  state 
itf  healihcWas  «o  bad  during'the  winter,  that  we  at  onetime  inter- 
miat»d  imy  serioua  apprebenwona  reapectii^  Juaui  Jt  waa 
l^laedv  therefore,  about  die  tad  of  February,  thtt  lie^a^ould 
3ii  a  totf  at  some  distance  from  the  side;  and,  from  that  pei 
Jiis  recovery  was  so  rapid  and  so  decided,  that  in  a  few  weeka  he 


}  ! 


Ml 

'« 

WM  enabled  to  walk  out  every  fine  da>  in  the  open  tit  lipr  eser- 
ctae,  with  the  thennometer  at  twenty  dcgrect  bciow  aero,  and  with- 
out tb«  tlighteet  degrt e  of  inconvenience. 

On  the  l^d  we  found*  bv  digging  a  hole  in  the  ice,  in  the  mifU 
die  of  Uie  hailiottr»  where  uie  depth  of  waurwr.»  four  fathomt  aad 
n  quarter,  that  ita  thickaeat  waa  six  feet  and  a  half,  and  th%.  toow 
on  the  aurface  of  it  eight  inches  deep.  Thii  may  h^  con  ii  tiered 
•  fair  tpecimen  of  the  average  formation  of  ice  in  thia  nrighbour- 
hood  aince  the  middle  of  the  precedinc  September)  abd  at  tb'^ 
fretzins  procett  did  not  atop  fin*  more  uwn  us  weeka  after  *hh » 
the -produce  of  the  whole  winter  may,  perhapa,  be  reasonably  tai)  en 
at  aeven,  or  seven  and  a  half  feet.  In  chopping  this  v :.  '  'ith  an 
WMt  die  men  found  it  very  ha)l4  and  brittle  uU  they  ar  ivc'  ^  widi> 
in  a  iipot  of  the  lower  surface,  where  it  became  'oft  and  spongy. 

At  noon,  on  the  S5th,  two  thermometers  stood 
f^i  in  the  shade  at  -—  A5*,  and  in  the  aun  at  4-  30* 

at  1P.M.    .    —33%  .  .         +17* 

3       .       ^9ar,  .       +35* 

3  —33*,  .  .  +31', 

the  thermometer  in  the  sun  being  pl^ed  at  a  dbtance  from  the 
ship,  and  the  weather  very  calm  and  fine.  The  length  of  the  d»y 
hao  now  so  much  increased,  that  at  midnight  on  me  36ch,  theve 
waa  a  very  sensible  twilight  in>the  northern  quarter  of  the  heavens; 
mdauch  was  the  rapidity  with  which  this  nut  of  the  season  ap- 
peared to  u»  to  have  come  round,  that  w.  cr  ild,  with  difficulty, 
Eicture  to  ouraelvea  the  total  darkness  from  which  we  had  so 
Italy  emei^icd. 

On  the  9Bth,  Lieutenant  Beechey  re'[r«rted,  on  his  return  from 
a  walk  over  the  hills  to  the  westwartY,  'iiat  he  had  seen,  even  more  < 
plaUity  than  before,  that  refracted  appearance  in  the  southern  hori-  \ 
ason,  whioKbone  a  strong  resemblance  to  distant  land  in  that  direc- 
tion land^^wiiatia  most  worthy  of  notioBiStUl  seeming  to  terminate 
abruptly  about  m  8ib.£.  bearing  from  Winter  Harbour.  The  ther^ 
mometer  waa  ut  ^ia  Hme  at  — '30*,  and  the  mercury  in  the  baro- 
mctev  atanding  at  30^83  inches.  y 

On  one  of  ue  fine  days  iii  die  eariy  part  of  March,  in  taking  a 
longer  walk  than  usual,  on  the  north  aide  of  the  harbour,  we  acci- 
demally  met  with  a  small  flat  stone,  on  which  the  letter^£L.was 
plairilljrt  engraved.  As  there  seemed  little  doubt  that  this  had  been 
artificialiv  done,  and  as,  aince  our  anival  in  Winter  Harbour,  the 
weather  had  been  too  cold  to  induce  any  of  our  people  to  sit  down 
on  thegrcHind  for  the  purpose  of  eawrcising  their  talent  in  this 
wi^t  we  were  entirely  at  a  loss  to  conjecture  how  it  came  there,  aod 
various  an^usmg  speculations  were  resorted  to,  in  order  to  accoimt 
for  it.  Suice  that  time,  the  weather  had  not  permitted  our  seod- 
dinpi  for  it  till  the  1st  of  Aprilf  when  it  was  brought  on  board;  and 
ottinquiry  am(»g  the  men,  wc  found  that  Peter  Fisher,  a  seaman 


t 


I  > 


(■ 


.( 


-^ 


!.i 


i  i 


'L 


142 


'^■■1 


P-.1 


Mi 


U'^ 


( 

I 


i 


/ 


f 


belonging  to  the  Griper,  who  was  one  of  the  patty  under  Mr.  Fife/ 
respecting  whom  we  had  felt  so  much  anxiety  in  the  preceding 
September,  had,  on  that  occasion,  amused  himself  by  bef^miag 
to  scratch  upon  the  stone  in  question,  the  initials  of  his  name.* 
ISris  circumstance  ts  only  worthy  of  notice,  from  its  proving  to 
how  considerable  a  distance  this  party  had  Himbled,  and  haw  com- 
pletely they  were  in  error  as  to  the  direction  in  which  they  had  beea 
travelling}  the  distance  between  the  two  places  being  twenty-fiv« 
miles.  I  was  in  hopes^  also,  of  finding  out  by  this  means,  the  sitn» 
ation  of  a  large  lake  which  Mr.  Fife  reported  having  «eeii«  and 
from  which  he  brought  a  small  fish  of  the  trout  kind ;  but  the  mmre 
I  questioned  bim  md  his  party,  the  more  I  was  convinced  of  the 
Ikue  dependance  to  be  placed  on  the  account  of  persons  circum« 
stanced  as  tiiey  were,  and  <^  tiieir  utter  ignorance  as  to  the  part  of 
the  island  in  which  tiie  lake  was  to  be  found.  # 

In  the  evening  a  parhelion  was  seen  on  each  side  of  the  sun^ 
and  a  tbirddbove  it,  as  usual,  at  the  angular  distance  of  22*  20', 
the  two  first  bdng  strongly  marked  by  the  prismatic  colours,  smd 
the  other  very  indistinctiy.  ^^  ^ 

Eu'ly  on  thie  morning  of  the  3d»  we  observed  an  effect  of  refract 
lion  very  coanmon  in  seas  having  much  ice.  It  consists  in  the  im? 
ages  of  hummocks  of  ice,  refiea<ed  and  inverted,  m  which  auMt 
Itom  the  apparent  shape  of  these  images,  the  ice  is  techmcally  amd 
to  **  tt'ee."  This  a|^>earance  is  considered  by  the  Gceenlaod.aaif 
lors»  as  an  indication  of  dear  water  in  the  direction  in  whidh>  k  it 
aaen,  which  was  certainly  not  the  case  this  morning.  >  ^i^^  r 

At  nine  A.M.*  on  the  5th,  the  weather  being  very  ^few,  and  tiie 
Aermometer  at  -m.|8*,  we  observed  a  halo  roi^  the  auur  n^cb 
was  at  times  nearly xiomplite.  Inhere  was,  m.  usual,  a ftarhdioii 
en  each  wdb  of  the  sun,  a(  the  same  altitude,  and  distinct^  prisma- 
tic. TlM»re  was  also  a  third  parhelion  in  ^at  part  of^he  c'u?^ 
ramncdiately  i^ve^tt  stw,  and  this  had  a  pectiliafity  attending  it 
which  we  had  never  before  observed.  Although  the  weatfaett^waa 
ii^arkably  fine  wid  cbmr^tiie  atmosphere  was  ^U  c^  innumienriile 
minute  tptcuias  of  snow  glittering  in  the  sun^  which  we  had  never 
beftKre  seen  oo  a  bright  fwi<^hitty  dayy  though,  we  had  eonstantac- 
cauon  to  remarJisuch  a  depiosit^  at  times  when>  the  weaker  ctmld 
1^  no  means  be  caHed  hazy,  rad  when  the  heavenly  bodies  weKft 
^tactly  viaible.  l%fpariieMai^  above  the  sun  appealed  to  be 
efi^eatfy  formed  %r  tiM  refiectioaof  ^e  sim's  rays  to  tite^e,  li^ 
miiafinite  Buoftber  e^these^apicaSai,  commencing  dose  to  ma  ob- 


^  WhtiiMr.  Rfe  «nd  bit  p«rtj  rrtwnwilftma  tint  exmrrion,  »  w...  »».»  ^  .«.- 

V«>^f  loip  t«iM>iw.i're«h  fiaber  wa»i  wi  hov  l«tM«  ^fim«ma  to  imifd  «MJkHi  •>•»- 

"  ■  way,  of  vliieb,1nt«^,  ttw  it^wiMiwo  Iwk  »«% 


K  vws  natttr  tfiiat- 


peiHHf,  as  Mir  ibing  obt  of  the  edmnron  war. 
tc<lfl#atl»V(iwir   WbenMked,< 


,  oii'hii  1^  *rH«ailiitf  boiiifl ojn'thtt (oiaMOi^  «ltet  A|#* 
fcMlli«t|tmm,<<U«MlapQ(l/'MidKid»e%;di7l|r,  <«tbe  Oaki  pi  v*-3Wl«lon  vt^mA 
»  well,    y^c  had  groiue  for  breakfast,  grouie  for  dinner,  and  grooK  fipr  luppcr*  w  b* 


I. 


V     \ 


'  '^t'^mtltt^'^ 


.,jtnB^P'**^f5*'^— * 


^ 


mm^ 


_SGiK..f  »:3 


143 


server,  and  contimiing  to  w  to  be  easity  disUnguishable  for  at  least 
one  or  two  hundred  yards  from  the  eye.  Th»  parhelion  might  at 
timet  be  easily  teen  to  consist  of  the  intersection,  or  rather  the 
torching,  of  two  circles  taming  opposite  ways,  of  which  the  plua- 
«st  was  genendly  the  upper  one,  or  that  which  had  its  convex 
aide  dowowwrds.  At  about  «B*  above  the  parhelion,  being  nearly 
the  same  distance  that  the  latter  was  above  me  sun,astreak  of  g^ 
taring  spicule  was  permanently  see»  in  a  horizontal  direction ;  bat 
there  was  «o  little  of  it,  that  it  was  difficult  to  say  ot  what  regular 
figure  it  ftnrmed  a  part*  This  phenomenon  continued  above  an 
hour. 

'  Being  extremely  anxtons  to  get  rid,  as  early  as  possible^  of  the 
drjring  of  4»ur  washed  clotheigiipon  the  lower  deck*  I  had  to-day  a 
mellisKtiEefthief  washed,  attoliuog  up  under  the  stem,  in  order  to 
.  dy  the  efleet  of  the  sun^s  r^  upon  it«  In  four  hours  it  became 
AM0ttghly,dry,  die  thermometer  In  the  shade  being  from  -— 1«" 
to  —  6*,  at  the  time.  This  was  the  first  article  Uiat  had  been  dried 
vrltlKHit  artificial  h<;at  for  six  months,  and  it  was  yet  anodier  mooA 
before  ^<*nael  could  be  dried  in  the  open  air*  When  diis  is  consi- 
dered, i  well  as  that  during  Uie  same  period,  the  airing  of  the 
bedding,  the  dtying  of  the  bed-i^aces,  and  the  ventilation  of  tfaib 
inhibited  parts  of  the  ship,  were  wholly  dependent  on  the  saose 
meansi^  and  tl^  with  a  very  limited  supply  of  fuel»  it  may,  perhapa^ 
be- conceived  in  some  degree,  what  unremitting  attention  was  n«^ 
ceitatiy  tO'the  preservation  of  healdiy  under  circumstances  so  uok 
favourable  and' even  prejudicial.- 

l  '^'At  midnight,  on  the  7th,  there  was  ltght«nough  to  read  the  ther^ 
Ipnmmlter  with  great  ease.  On  the  8th  Uie  weather  was  serene  and 
dear  r  the  southem  horizon  being  much  raised  by  refraction,  and 
preaenttng  very  strongly  the  same  appearance  of  land  which  had  so 
olNm  be^ire  beeA  observed  in  that  quarter.  A  few  ^in  white 
douds  which  irere  floating  in  the  atnlOsphere  to-day,  had  much 
of  that  ceadency  to  arcb,ivhidh  has  before  been  described  on  one 
ct  two  ocCfiaUHis*  Two  distinct  arches  were  thus  formed  thit 
morning,  one  in  the  northern,  the  other  in  the  southern  hemis^heK 
of  the  heavens,  their  altitude  in  ^e  cetute  h^ing  from  ao^  to  45% 
and  joining  at  each  end  in  the  £.Ii.£.  and  W.^W.  points  df  the 
horizon;  '^ 

Fvom  half-past  ttx  till  eight  A*M.yon  the  9th,  a  halo,  with^par- 
hi^,  was  observed  id>ont  the  sun^aiiiklar  in  every  resprct  ttl^moae 
dMcribed  on  the 5th^  ' ^At  one;9;ii. j^eae^^Miiomena re-appeaNi^ 
togetiier  with  several  others  of  the  a«iiw  nature. 

The  protracted  lengtii  of  tha^«flittiarbeg^  now  to  make  nan^ 
than  uauaQ)^  impatient^  and  to«r«a«e  ipv  tis  twuwmabte  awyaliiN^iliiia 
let*  oar  <««ape  from  Witfter  HalbiMur  should  unavwdimiyr  Jbi[|«|Mi» 
fitted  i  M  period  too  late  tot  the  aeetnnpHthment  of  thotorfimine 
h^et,  with  which  the  last  year's  tucoess  had  induced  us  ter  nmr 


1.1 


! 


144 


h  •  ■ 


i 


\ 


ounclves.  The  extraordiiMiy  degree  of  cold  which  continued  day 
after  day  was  luch  a«.  we  bad  oeriainly.  not  anticipated }  and  when, 
at  this  period,  vi^  the  sun  aboire  the  borixonlor  seventeen  hours 
out  of  the  four  and  twen^,  the  thermometer  was  stall  occasionally 
£[dl|ing  ^B  low  as «—  31%  which  it  did  at  four  this  morning,  it  must 
be  confessed  that  our  future  prospecta  of  advancement  began  to 
wear  a  very  unpromising  aipect.  it  may.be  imagined,  also,  wtl^ 
what  anxiety  we  watched  for  the  first  appearance  of  a  thaw,  bolAi 
on  share  and  upon.the  ice  round  the  ships,  in  neither  of  which  had 
any  such  appearances  yet  become  perceptible,  except  that  here  and 
there,  where  the  snow  happened  to  lie  ,v«ry  thin  upon  the, ground, 
allowing  the  sun's  rays  to  penetrate  to  the  earth»  a  sufficient  degree 
of  heat  had  been  mdiated  'partiialIa||lo  thaw  the  snow,  fprmiiig^tit 
into  a.  thin  transparent  calt^  likelT  plate  of  iglw*  ;.  Indee<iv^thf 
cloudless  skyt  and  the  uniformly  white  surface  of  aefi.  an4  hmd^ 
which  jcharacterize  the  climate  of  MdviUe  Inland  at  this  peiiod« 
are  ill  calculated  to  impart  warmth  to  the  atmosphere  }  vnd  it  was 
not  till  the  clouds  became  gradually, more  densei  and  frequent,  and 
the  earth  had,  by  slow  degrees,  become  uncovered  in  parts,  so  as 
to  admit  the  absorption  and  radiation  of  heat,  that  |he  dissolution 
c»f  the  snow  could  go  on  to  any  considerable  extent. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  l6th>  l^e  weather  being  clear  and  nearly 
calm,  Mr.  Hooper  and  myself  observed  a  colouring  in  somelight 
fleecy  clouds,  whichfprmed  on^  of  themost  beautiful  phenomena 
that  I  had  ever  seen.  These  douds,  which  were  sauiU  ami  white^ 
and  almost  the  only  ones  in  the  Wavens*  assumed,  as  they  approach- 
ed and  passed  under  the  sun,  the  most  soft  and  exquisite  tints  of 
light  lidce,  bluish  green»  and  yelloipr  q^ut  their  edges,  that  can 
possibly  be  imagiaed.  » These  tintSi appeared  only  when  the  clouds 
were  within  15°  or  20*  of  the  suHi  were  brightest  as, they  p«sae4, 
under  it,  which  they  did  as  dote  «»T.  «id  began  to  bf  again  iti* 
distinct  at  10*  from  it.  Some  of  the  clouds  remained  coloured  in 
this  way  lor  upwards  of  a  quarter  of  an  hour  {there  did  opt  sciem 
to  be  any  regimitarrangf  ment  of  tintSf  as  in  the  prismatic  specttunr, 
but  the  lake  was  always*  next  the  8Utt.s 

It  was  a  source  of  extreme  satls^ctioii:  to  me  to  find  th^t  this 
health  of  both  ships'  companiejiv  w<sre  d^ly  improving  as  the  sen- 
son  adisanced ;  so  that  by  the/  middle  of  April,  the  Griper's  sick 
list  WM  reduced  to  four,  all  of  whom  were  convalescent ;  and  pn 
bo»d  jdie  Hecla,  Mr.  Edwards  ha4  but  a  jiingie  patient,  WiUiilm 
gcottv  boatowain's-mat«,  who J6i(f»!^jpiimpl^ned  of  pneumonia  about 
tiiis  tim^i  and  whose. case  sutMie^uently  assun^ed  a  more  dangerpua 
character.''        •-•,..■.*' 

.  .  On  the  19th  and  SOtb,  the  thfrmometa^  kept  up  nearly  to  sejro,  in 
«eosequi!|lce'Of  the  wind  blowiugJrom  the  E.SJE.,  and  continued 
snowf^  which  we  remark^ 'Wm.Wt^hkgjmshore^^  the  9t»h 
that  as  mucli had. fallen  in  the  last  two  days  as  during  the  whple 


•■  ^'-^il^•■^^■l!f, *■■-■' 


14S 


oiF  the  winter.    The  spiculaefwere  also  much  less  minute  than  bt' 
fore,  though  the  snow  could  not  as  yet  be  said  tafall  in  flakes* 

The  wind,  which  had  blown  fresh  from  the  eastward  for  several 
hours»  moderated  at  half  past  two  A.M.  on  the  S5th,  and  the  ther- 
mometer fell  from  4-4"  to  *->  1*  at  four  o'clock.  As  Ae  Wind 
freshened  again,  the  thermometer  once  more  rose,  and  by  ei|;ht 
A.M.  stood  at  -j-  10**  On  the  two  following  days  Captain  Sabme 
made  some  observations  on  the  difference  in  the  temperature  of 
the  atmosphere  in  the  sun,  and  in  the  shade  ;  which  ihew  the  ef- 
fect of  the  sun's  rays  much  more  correctly  than  those  made  on 
board,  as  it  is  almost  impossible  to  pi'event  the  thermometer  from 
being  affected  by  the  radiation  of  heat  from  the  ship.  <*  Two  poets 
having  hcen  fixed  in  the  snow|;at  a  short  distance  apart,  and  con- 
nected by  a  line  passing  through  the  shadow  cast,  by  the  observa- 
^ry,  about  the  middle  of  the  day,  two  mercurial  thermometers^ 
being  an  exact  pair,  and  having  their  bulbs  unprotected,  were  sus-* 
pended  from  the  line,  one  being  exposed  to  the  sun,  and  the  other 
in  the  shade  of  the  observatory  ;  the  bulbs  of  boUi  were  six  or 
eight  inches  from  the  show.'' 


h.  m.  stfN. 

Apriue.    1  oop.^f,  +^^' 

2  -^  22 

2  13  93 

9  18  24  5 

2  35  20  5 

%  50  21             6  7 

6  — •  9  5          4  5 

April  27.    11  20A.M.       15  5 

11  30  20             7 

1140  34             9 

11  45  23  5         8 

11  55  24              8 

0  25P.M.  21              7 

1  —  20              7 

2  20  25             7 
2  45  lO              4 


SHADE. 

re] 

6  5    A  gentle  air, 


1 


4 


Almost  cidBi. 


5 

5    A  breeze  sprung  upi» 


The  morning  of  the  27th  being  very  fine,  and  the  thermometer 
at  4.  6%  the  ships*  company's  bedding  was  hung  up  to  air,  between 
the  fore  and  main  rigging,  being  the  first  time  we  had  ventured  to 
bring  it  from  the  lower  deck  for  nearly  eight  months.  While  it 
was  out,  the  births  and  bed-places  were  fumigated  with  a  compo- 
sition of  powder  mixed  with  vinegar,  and  known  familiarly  by- the 
name  ofdeviis;  an  operation  which  had  been  regularly  gone  through 
once  a  week  during  the  winter. 

T 


t  f « 


■:i,Am^i^^.-^^>' 


146 


'"ThUtvttkmg^  and  during  the  whole  night,  we  experienced,  for 
the  fivtt  ttttie  this^selison,  a  fog,  such  as  occurs  in  more  temp«ratef 
climates,  arid  which  the  sun  dispersed  on  the  following  morning ; 
the^ikiine  thingagain  occurred  the  next  day. 
''i«At  iMdf  pist  twaP.M.  on  the  S9tb-  Mr.  Edwards  and  myself 
obierv^d  'the  xlouds  coloured  in  the  same  beautiful  and  delicate 
manneras  on  the  l<^h ;  except  that  thenints  were  now  not  so  vivid, 
the 'dovds  pasibingf  farther  frimi  the  sun«  A  parhelion  was  also 
•fcen;tbn  each  side  of  the  sun  horizontally ;  both  were  faint  and 
fleiitei  white. 

ftrl^'havt  before  mentioned  the  circumstance  of  our  lower  rigging 
havMftghtfeA'very  slack  during  the  severity  of  the  winter,  and  again 
becodie  tight  r^s  the  warmer  weathe|icame  on.  Even  now  this  had 
taken ^^ce  so  dSeMuaUy,  that  the  rigging  was  full  as  tight  as  when 
we  left  the  rivet  Thames  twelve  months  before.  I  have  been  the^ 
more  partiimlar  in  mentioning  this  fact,  because  the  circumstance 
0f''%  b(ecdming  slack  i^  the  cold  is  at  variance  with  the  accounts 
of  ofthcr.  navigators*.    ' 

For  the  last  three  or  four  days  of  April,  the  snow  on  the  black 
cloth  of  our  housing  had  begun  to  thaw  a  little  during  a  few  hours 
in  the  middle  of  the  day,  and  on  the  30th  so  rapid  a  change  took 
place  in  the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere,  that  the  thermometer 
stood  at  the  freezing,  or,  as  it  may  more  properly  be  termed  in 
this  climate,  the  thawing  point,  being  the  first  time  that  such  an 
event  had  occurred  for  nearly  eight  months,  or  since  the  9th  of  the 
preceding  September.  This  temperature  was,  to  our  feelings,  so 
auch  like  that  of  summer,  that  I  was  under  the  necessity  of  using 
my  authority  to  prevent  the  men  from  making  such  an  alteration 
in  their  clodiing  as  might  have  been  attended  with  very  danj;er- 
ous  consequences.  The  chanse  of  temperature  during  the>'month  of 
April,  was  so  rapid|  that  the  thermometer  ranged  froih  •—  32* 
to  4-  32*  in  the  course  of  twenty  days.  There  was,  at  this  period, 
more  sa^w. upon  the  ground  than  at  any  other  time  of  the  year^ 
&te  average  depth  on  the  lower  parts  of  the  Idnd  being  four  or 
five  inches,  but  much  less  upon  Uie  hills ;  while  in  the  ravines  a 
very  large  quantity  had  been  collected.  The  snow  at  this  time 
became  so  soft,  from  the  influence  of  the  sun  upon  it,  as  to  make 
Wslking  very  laborious  and  unpleasant. 

This  rapid  chmge  in  the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  agaii  re- 
fjhred  our  hopes  of  a  speedy  departure  from  Melville  Island;  and 
tilich  ifrere  the  sangpuine  expectations  which  animated  us  at  this  pe- 
riod, that  I  believe  there  was  not  an  officer  or  man,  on  board  either. 

".  "On  the  morning  of  the  5th,  (November),  it  was  dueovered  that  almost  aH  the  sh(Mti|l 
(p!^SlactnMrd  side  of  the  tihip  were  broken,  wbieh  happened  from  eontrnction  and  tenM-.' 
nen,  caused  h)  in»t.".~Jlccount  of  Betit^t  Voyage,  A.D.  l74l«  BiiB5Ur'»  Mrth-Ea*' 


Uf 


*^. 


•f  ^e  ihips,  who  had  not  made  up  his  mind  to  ^/^  prob«)bility 
of  our  leaving  Winter  Harbour  by  the  middle  or  lati^r  part  of 
June. 

The  fine  and  temperate  weather  with  which  the  month  of  AprU 
had  concluded,  induced  Captain  Sabine  to  set  the  clocks  going, 
in  order  to  commence  his  observations  for  the  pendulum,  and  h^ 
now  took  up  his  quarters  entirely  on  shore  for  that  purpose.  On 
the  first  of  May,  however,  it  blew  a  strong  gale  from  the  northr 
ward,  which  made  it  impossible  to  keep  up  the  desired  temperature 
in  the  house ;  and  so  heavy  was  the  snow-drift,  that  in  a  few  hours 
the  house  was  nearly  covered,  and  we  were  obliged  to  communicato 
with  Captain  Sabine  and  his  attendants  through  a  small  window, 
from  which  the  snow  was,  with  much  labour,  cleared  away,  thf 
door  being  quite  inaccessible.  We  saw  the  sun  at  midnight  fo^ 
^i^e  first  time  this  season. 

The  gale  and  snow-drift  continued  on  the  following  day,  when 
We  had  literally  to  dig  out  the  sentries,  who  attended  the  fire  at 
the  house,  in  order  to  have  them  relieved.  I  feel  it  right  to  men- 
tion these  circumstances,  that  the  difficulties  with  which  Captain 
Sabine  had  to  contend,  may  be  duly  appreciated  in  the  making  of 
observations  that  require,  even  under  every  favourable  circuni^ 
•tance  of  weather  and  climate,  no  ordinary  share  of  skiU  and  at- 
tention. 

The  day  being  moderate  and  fine  on  the  3d,  we  perceiyed  that 
the  late  gale  had  almost  entirely  uncovered  the  higher  parts  of  the 
land,  the  snow  being  blown  into  the  ravines  and  hollows.  W^  rer 
marked,  in  the  forenoon,  that  thf^  clouds  had  a  tendency  to  foii^ 
two  distinct  arches  across  the  heavens  from  N.N.E.  to  S.8.W., 
joining  at  the  horizon,  but  separating  gradually  on  each  side  of  the 
zenith  to  the  distance  of  8*  or  10^  from  each  other.  At  ten  P.M. 
a  parhelion  was  seen  on  each  side  of  the  sun,  at  the  usual  distance, 
and  slightly  tinged  with  the  prismatic  colours. 

Being  desirous  of  making  some  observations  on  the  height  and 
time  of  the  tides,  I  directed  a  hole  to  be  cut  through  the  ice  under 
the  ship's  stem,  and  a  pole,  graduated  in  the  upper  part  to  feet  and 
inches,  dropped  through  it,  and  securely  moored  by  a  heavy  weight 
to  the  bottom.  Our  observations  commenced  the  afternoon  of  the 
4th,  and  the  height  indicated  by  the  pole  was  registered  every  hour 
in  liie  Hecla's  log-book.  The  snow  which  we  had  in  the  autumn 
banked  up  a^inst  the  ships'  sides  was  now  cleared  away,  in  reacUf 
ness  for  cuttmg  the  ice  round  them,  an  opera  ion  which  I  was  ans> 
ious  to  perform  previously  to  our  making  any  alterations  in  the  quaa* 
tity  or  distribution  of  the  weight  in  our  holds,  lest  the  ships  should 
Mceive  any  injury  from  doing  so,  in  their  present  confined  situation. 
It  is  of  course  not  easy  to  judge  in  what  degree  the  banking  up  of 
tile  snow  had  been  serviceable,  in  retaining  the  warmth  within  the 
ships,  but  there  can  be  littie  doubt  that  it  produced  a  considerable 


1^ 


;■  / 


ttttet  in  tbi*  way^  at  well  perhai^^r  as  in  lessening,  in  soma  tnei* 
aurv»  the  thickness  of  the  ite  which  formed  around  them. 

On  the  5th  Mr.  Edwards  reported  that  Mr.  Crawford,  the 
dreenland  mate,  who  had,  for  severisl  days  past,  been  complaining 
of  pains  which  Appeared  to  be  rheumatic,  shewed  some  symptomi 
of  tile  scurvy,  which  made  it  neccttsary  to  resort  to  the  autiscorbatic 
diet.  It  was  worthy  of  notice,  that  Mr.  Crawford  was  one  of  the 
most' clean,  temperatty  and  cheerful  men  in  the  expedition,  and,  lift 
nuch,  was  one  of  the  least  likely  to  be  thus  aflected.  The  washed 
dothes  of  the  ships'  company  Were  thik  day  dried  entirely  in  the 
open  nir. 

On  the  6th,  the  thermometer  rote  no  higher  than  +81*  during 
the  day;  but,  as  tht  wind  wns  moderate,  and  it  was  high  time  to 
endeavour  to  get  the  ships  once  more  fairly  aflbat,  We  commenced 
the  operation  of  cutting  the  ice  about  them.  In  order  to  preveht* 
the  ihett  «affering  from  wet  and  rold  feet^  a  pair  tt  stmng  boots 
and  bbot-stockings  were  on  this  occasion  selrved  to  eachi  being  part 
of  a  cidmplete  h\nt  of  warm  clothing,  with  Which  1  had  been  sup- 
plied ibr  the  purpose  of  issuing  them  to  the  ship's  conipattie* 
gratis,  whenever  I  should  see  occasion.  As  the  sun  became  low 
towai^s  midnight,  the  usnalpurhelia  appeared  about  this  luminarv. 
^  At  half-paat  nine  A.M.,  on  the  icfth,  Lietitehant  Becchey  ob* 
served  a  halo  roi  nd  the  sun,  consisting  of  a  complete  circle,  and 
ah  arch  of  another,  Aching  the  first  in  the  part  imme  ^lately  above 
^e  sun,  ami  having  its  centre  apparently  from  40*  to  dJ*  ft-om  that 
objects  There  were  two  parheha  faintly  prismatic  «m  uauftl^  but 
nbottt  S' without  the  ciriele. 

;^1rMs  phenomenon  Was  remiiiliible,  on  account  of  the  pariieliA- 
nbt  beini^  situated  v^on  the  halo,  el  wak  usually  the  cue*  It  now 
occuhta  «c»  meythiiit  Oh  the  {^receding  day,  when  the  sttme  pheAo*> 
menott  bad  been  faintly  rieeu,  Mn  Niat,  whom  I  directed  to  mea- 
sure the  angular  distance  between  the  parheliA  and  thie  sun*  had 
t«nort6d  ft  to  be  S4*  40'i  the  radius  of  the  halo  being  SS|^  is  uftiial. 
"Fhis  I  coniiderted  to  have  been  an  unevoidable  error  in  the  men- 
iurement  of  an  ill-defined  objeict;  but,  on  re{>«iating  It,  his  fik%t  re* 
port  was  found  to  be  coirrect.  Otti  the  pres<int  Occasion,  Lieutenant 
Beech<^  saw  it  for  bo  shc»t  a  time  as  not  to  allow  him  to  measure 
tiie  distance. 

The  expedition  having,  at  its  departure  fhim  England,  b«en  %ie- 
Hialledforno  more  than  two  years^  of  Which  one  hadnowekpit*ed» 
f  considered  it  expedient,  as  it  mktter  of  pfeeautioh,  to  riduce 
the  daily  allowance  of  all  the  kinds  of  provision  to  two-thlrdi  of 
the  established  proportion,  whic^h  regulation  accordingly  took  pkee 
from  this  day«  The  cheerfulRen^  with  Which  thlA  reduction  Wtl 
itceiv^d  by  both  officers  and  men,  was  to  me  an  additionkl  and 
highly^gratifying  proof  of  that  fii-m  and  2eal0ua  principle  of  duty 
1^  which  their  conduct  was  at  all  traics  regulated* 


'T 


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'  On  the  12th,  one  of  the  meiif  employed  in  digging^  turf  on  shortf, 
reported  that  he  had  seen  a  ptartrtigah,  an  event  Which;  trifling  as 
'it  was*  created  no  small  degree  of  interest  among  us,  who  had  now 
'been  deprived  of  (Veah  meat  for  nearly  six  moUtha.;  it  was  also 
hilled  as  a  stire  omen  of  returning  summer*  Thid  was  furthe): 
confirmed  by  Mr.  Beverly  hkvtng  on  the  18th  killed  a  male  ptar- 
migan, AUd  by  anmher  being  seen  on  the  following  day,  as  yrell 
is  the  first  trfltks  of  rein-dedr  and  musk<«xen«  which  indicated 
their  route  to  be  directly  to  the  northward.  The  time  of  the  re- 
fUrti  of  these  animah  to  Melville  Island,  from  the  continent,  is 
ifhus  satisfactorily  aicert^ined }  and  it  was  ftuggested  by  Captain 
Sabine,  as  a  circumstance  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  period  of  tbeir 
migration  had  occurred  withilic  first  fint  weather  which  took  place 
nfter  the  commencement  of  constant  daylight.  In  examining  the 
.^e^di  and  small  buds  Cbtttained  in  the  maw  of  the  bird  killed  by 
Mr.  Beveiiy,  they  wiere  found  to  Coutiist  entirely  of  the  native  planfii 
Of  the  island,  and  principally  those  of  the  dwarf-willow,  so  that  the 
i>ird  had  perhaps  arrived  a  day  or  two  before  that  time.  On  the 
lAth,  two  or  three  coveys  of  ptarmigan  were  seen,  after  which  they 
became  more  and  more  numerous,  and  a  brace  or  two  were  almost 
daily  procured  for  the  sick»  for  whose  use  they  were  exclvilively 
reserved.  An  it  Win  of  the  utmoM  importance,  under  oUr  present 
circumitaficea,  that  every  ounce  of  game  which  We  might  thus  pro<- 
«ure,  Ahould  be  served  ib  lieu  of  ilio  other  meat,  I  now  renewed  the 
otdera  formerly  gtvi^n,  and  which  Afterwards  obtained  among  us  the 
AAme  of  M  |;*^^^>^^f  that  every  animal  killed  wak  to  be  considet^ 
^  atf  pUbBc  property ;  And,  as  sUch,  to  be  regularly  issued  like  any 
«fher  klhd  or  provlsioh,  without  the  slightest  distinction  between 
thfetkies&es  of  ^te  officers  And  those  of  the  ships'  companies. 

SoMi  of  dUf^men  bAViog,  ih  the  course  of  their  shooting  excui^- 
{SiOnlt,Deen  eitposed  Ibk*  several  hours  to  the  glare  of  the  sun  and 
AlkOw,  refUHiedat  ttij3[ht,  much  affected  with  that  painful  infllamma^ 
tl^n  in  th«  eyes,'  ofccaiiiOhed  by  the  reflection  of  intense  li^t  from 
Hii^  snow,  iaidid  by  the  WArinth  of  die  auh,  and  called  in  America 
**  snoW^blindnMs^"  This  complAiht,  of  which  the  sensation  etactlj^ 
riisembtes  KihAt  fHi^Uieed  by  large  pArticles  of  sand  or  dust  in  th« 
«yet,  is  Cuttd  bjitaomie  tribes  of  American  Indians,  by  holding 
them  oVe^  this  steam  of  WAter;  but  We  found  A  coolinv  wash,  made 
Of  A  smAll  ttttAUtlv^  ^f  Acetate  of  leAd  mixed  with  cold  water,  more 
effitAdouS  in  relieving  the  irritation,  which  was  always  tlone  in 
three  or  four  dAj^,  even  in  the  most  severe  cases,  provided  thfe 
eyes  were  cArefUlb^  {{uaMed  fVOm  the  light.  As  a  preventive  of 
this  Complaint,  apiece  6f  btack  crape  wa^  given  to  each  man,  to 
be  worn  as  a  kind  of  short  veil  attached  to  the  hat,  which  wn 
!R>ttnd  to  be  very  seWiceable ;  a  still  more  convenient  mode,  adop^ 
ed  by  some  of  the  officers,  was  found  equAlly  efficacious  {this  con^ 
iist«^  in  tsddng  the  glAsses  out  of  a  pair  of  spectacles,  and  substi" 


*  '.?-it 


H50 


tilting,  black  or  green  cra^,  the  glau  having  been  found  to  heat 
tb«  eyeii«  and  increase  the  irritation. 

The  exhalations  ariung  from  the  earth  were  about  this  time  ob- 
aerved  to  be  very  abundant,  producingt  during  the  day-time,  much 
of  that  appearance  of  waving  tremulous  motion  in  distant  objects* 
which  the  French  call  nurage^  and  which  was  usually  succeeded 
by  a  fog  at  night,  as  soon  as  the  atmosphere  had  become  cool. 

During  one  of  these  fogs,  at  four  A.M.,  on  the  16th,  the  sky 
being  perfectly  clear  in  the  zenith  to  30*  of  altitude,  whilst  a  dense 
haze  rested  on  the  land  and  ice.  Captain  Sabine  observed  "  a  haze- 
bow  of  distinct  and  dazzling  light,  having  its  edges  softened  off, 
and  without  any  appearance  of  prismatic  colouring.  The  legs  of 
the  bow  rose  out  of  a  bluish  haze,  the  colour  of  which  somewhat 
resembled  that  of  weak  starch ;  not  quite  half  a  circle  was  com- 

{>lete ;  the  middle  of  the  arch  was  between  2S*  and  23*  above  the 
,  andf  which  is  of  little  elevation,  and  the  legs  were  7i*  apart.  Thn 
weather  wil'  neariy  calm,  and  there  had  been  a  considerable  depo« 
aition  of  frozen  dew  throughout  the  night.  Similar  phenomena 
were  observed  on  the  mornings  of  the  20th  and  23d,  about  the 
hour.»' 


same 


On  the  1  /th,  we  completed  the  operation  of  cutting  the  ice  round 
the  Heda,  which  was  performed  in  the  following  manner :  The  ii^e 
alongside  the  ships  was  found  to  be  six  feet  thick,  being  about  eigh- 
teen mches  less  than  the  average  thickness  of  it  in  Winter  Harbour, 
owing  principally  to  our  having  continued  to  cut  it  round  the  ships 
for  some  time  after  the  commencement  of  the  winter,  and  in  part, 
perhaps,  to  the  snow  with  which-it  had  there  been  thickly  covered. 
We  began  by  digging  a  large  hole  under  the  stem,  being  the  same 
as  that  in  which  the  tide-pole  was  placed,  in  order  to  enter  the. 
aaw,  which  occupied  us  nearly  two  days,  only  a  amaU  number  of 
men  being  able  to  work  at  it.  In  the  mean  time,  all  the  snow  and 
rubbish  was  cleared  away  from  the  ship's  side,  leaving  only  the 
solid  ice  to  work  upon;  and  a  trench,  two  feet  wide,  waa  cut  the 
whole  length  of  the  starboard  side,  from  the  stem  to  the  rudder, 
keeping  within  an  inch  or  two  of  the  bends,  and  taking  c«'e  here 
and  there  to  leave  a  dike,  to  prevent  the  water  which  might  poze 
into  one  part  from  filling  up  the  others  in  which  the  men  were 
working.  In  this  manner  was  the  trench  cut  with  axes,  to  the 
depth  of  about,  four  feet  and  a  half,  leaving  only  eighteen  inches 
for  the  saws  to  cut,  except  in  those  places  where  the  dikes  remained. 
The  saw  being  then  entered  in  the  hole  under  the  stem»  was  work- 
ed in  the  usual  manner,  being  suspended  by  a  triangle  made  ci 
three  span ;  one  cut  being  naade  on  the  outer  part  en  the  trench, 
and  a  second,  within  an  inch  or  two  of  the  bends,' in  ordeir  to  avoid 
^juring  the  pUmks.  A  small  portion  of  ice  being  Inrokenoprnow 
and  then  by  bars,  handspikes, : and  ice-chisels*  floated, to  the  surface, 
«n4  wa»  hooked  out  by  piecemcfaU    This  operation  was  a  cd4  vv^ 


'     }i 


,«^.pJ^;'Wf?rr?>. 


151 


f 


tedious  one,  and  required  nine  days  to  complete  it.  When  tlw 
workmen  had  this  morning  completed  the  trench  within  ten  or 
twelve  feet  of  the  stem,  the  ship  suddenly  disengaged  herself  from 
the  ice  to  which  she  had  before  been  firmly  adhering  on  the  lar- 
board aide,  and  rose  in  the  water  about  ten  inches  abaft,  and  nearly 
eighteen  inches  forward,  with  a  considerable  surge.  This  disen> 
gagement,  to  which  the  sailors  naturally  applied  the  term  **  launch* 
ihg,"  confirmed  my  supposition,  that  the  ship  was  held  so  fast  by 
the  ice,  as  to  make  it  dangerous  to  alter  materially  the  stowage  of 
the  holds,  but  in  a  manner  the  very  reverse  of  what  1  had  appre- 
hended. This  circumstance,  however,  on  consideration,  it  was  not 
difficult  to  explain.  In  the  course  of  the  winter,  the  strong  eddy 
winds  about  the  ships  had  formed  round  them  a  drift  of  snow, 
seven  or  eight  feet  deep  in  some  parts,  and,  perh«ips,  weighing  a 
hundred  tons ;  by  which  the  ice,  and  the  ships  with  it,  were  carried 
down  ndjacb  tN»tow  tlie  natural  level  at  which  they  would  otherwise 
have  floated.  In  the  mean  time  the  ships  had  become  considerably 
lighter,  from  the  expenditure  of  several  months  provisions;  so  that, 
on  both  these  accounts,  they  had  naturally  a  tendency  to  rise  in 
the  water  as  soon  as  they  were  set  at  liberty. 

The  ships  being  noW'once  more  fairly  afloat,  I  directed  a  strict 
and  careful  survey  to  be  commenced  of  all  the  provisions  and 
stores  of  every  kind  remaining  on  board  each  ship,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  Griper  to  be  supplied  with  the  quantity  which  the  HecUi 
had  stowed  for  her,  amounting  nearly  to  the  proportion  of  every 
kind  for  twelve  months.  In  the  mean  time,  a  party  of  hands  wese 
occupied  in  breaking  and  weighing  the  stones  for  ballast,  while 
others  were  getting  out  the  sails  and  boats,  and  our  carpenters, 
armourers,  coopers,  and  sail-makers,  having  each  their  respective 
employments,  our  little  colony  now  presented  the  most  busy  and 
bustling  scene  that  can  be  imagined.  It  was  found  necessary  to 
caulk  every  part  of  the  upperworks,  as  well  as  all  the  decks,  the 
seams  having  been  so  much  opened  by  the  frost,  as  to  require  at 
least  one,  and  in  many  parts  two  threads  of  oakum,  though  the 
ship  had  scarcely  ever  laboured  at  all  since  she  was  last  caulked.  I 
also  at  this  time  laid  out  a  small  garden,  planting  it  with  radishe% 
onions,  iflustard  and  cress ;  and  a  similar  attempt  was  made  by 
Lieutenant  Liddon :  but,  notwithstanding  every  care  and^ttentioQ 
which  could  be  paid  to  it,  this  experiment  may  be  cald  to  have, 
wholly  failed,  the  radishes  not  exceeding  an  inch  in  length  by  the 
latter  end  of  July,  and  the  other  seeds  being  altogether  thrown 
away.  Not  even  a  single  crop  of  mustard  and  cress  could  be  thus 
raised  in  the  open  air;  and  our  horticulture  was,  therefore,  once 
more  confined  to  my  cabin,  where,  at  the  present  mild  temperature 
of  the  atmosphere,  those  two  vegetables  could  be  raised  without 
any  difficulty,  and  in  considerable  abundance.  I  nuy  remark^ 
however,  that  some;  common  ships*  peas,  which  wore  sown  by  oar 


15^ 

riople  for  their  amusement,  were  found  to  thrive  so  well,  that,  ba4 
been  sooner  aware  of  it,  a  great  quantity  of  the  leaves  at  least  of 
this  vegetable  might  have  been  grown,  which»  when  boiled,  and 
eaten  as  greens,  would  have  been  no  small  treat  to  persons  deprived 
of  fresh  vegetable  substance  for  more  than  ten  months.  It  is  not 
improbable  also,  that,  by  the  assistance  of  glass,  the  want  of  which 
deprived  us  of  the  opportunity  of  making  the  experiment,  a  great 
deal  more  might  have  been  done  in  this  way,  notwithstanding  the 
miserable  climate  with  which  we  had  to  contend* 

About  the  31st,  we  began  to  perceive  a  daily  diminution  of  the 
snow  upon  the  land,  the  brown  soil  appearing  in  patches,  where 
hitherto  the  snow  had  completely  covered  it;  and  on  the  82d,  iqi 
the  course  of  a  walk  which  we  took  to  the  Table-bill,  to  the  west* 
ward  of  the  ships,  we  had  the  satisfaction  of  being  al!»le  to  fill  a 
pint  bottle  with  water  from  a  small  pool  of  melted  snow,  having  « 

J  quantity  of  sand  mixed  with  it,  a  circumstance  which  we  alwaya 
ound  to  favour  the  thawing  process.  There  cannot,  perhaps,  bo 
a  more  striking  proof  of  the  extreme  severity  of  the  climate  of 
Melville  Island  than  the  fact,  that  this  was  the  first  instance  wo 
had  known  of  water,  naturally  in  a  fluid  state  when  exposed  to  the 
atmosphere,  and  unassisted  by  artificial  means,  such  as  those  which 
I  have  already  described  as  having  occurred  in  one  or  two  in- 
stances under  the  ship's  stem,  since  the  middle  of  the  preceding' 
September,  being  an  mterval  of  more  than  eight  montiis*  Thi»^ 
Table-hill,  which  is  seen  at  a  great  distance  on  the  coast,  in  com^ 
ing  from  the  eastward,  and  which  forms  a  conspicuous  object  ift 
this  country,  where  there  is  so  little  to  vary  the  «{;ene,  lies  at  tht 
distance  of  five  or  six  miles  to  the  westward  of  the  station  of  the^ 
ships  in  Winter  Harbour.  It  rises  about  a  hundred  feet  above  (Im 
level  of  the  plane  on  which  it  stands,  the  top  of  it  not  exceeding  m 
extent  a  quarter  of  an  acre  of  ground.  The  surface  of  it  consist! 
generally  of  sand,  on  which  are  lying  numerous  masses  of  lime* 
atone^  nearly  the  whole  of  which,  though  varying  in  colour  from 
white  to  dark-brown,  have  a  fetid  smell  when  broken ;  and  many 
0^  the  specimens  contained  madrepore.  We  found  here  also  a 
quantity  of  day  iron-stone,  which  is  common  in  this  part  of  Mel- 
ville island,  together  with  pieces  of  flint,  granite,  and  d^er  sub- 
stances. During  this  excursion,  too,  we  discovered,  with  pleasure, 
that  the  sorrel  (Rumex  digymu,  Linn.)  was  extremely  abundant 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  ships,  a  root  or  two  of  this  valuablo 
antiscorbutic  plant  occurring  in  almost  every  tuft  of  moss  which  w^ 
met  with.  No  appearance  of  its  beginning  to  vegetate  could  yet# 
however,  be  perceived ;  and  we  began  to  look  with  impatience  for 
the  sprouting  of  its  leaves,  from  which  we  hoped  to  obtain  a  suppl/! 
of  ft-esh  vegetable  matter,  of  which,  perhaps,  in  reality,  we  all  be- 
gan to  stand  in  need.  About  two  hundred  yards  to  the  westward 
of  this  hill  is  another  rather  smaller,  but  very  sioular  in  appearance, 


:« 


ISd 


l^  . 


Md  compaied  of  Hit  mom  mineral  aubttaaett  m  ttiTjMNtierib- 
ed ;  in  coming  from  the  eaetward,  the  .ccond  hill  it  noi  imMMiilig 
hid  behind  the  odier. 

Having  conridered  that  an  examination  of  the  exiAlit  and  fA^ 
ductiona  of  die  iabmd  might  be  conducive  to  the  ioiprbtimelll  11^ 
the  geography  aad  natural  hittory  of  these  regions  i  and  thegottf 
aute  of  healdi  enjoyed  by  the  crews,  pemitting  a  certain  nitmhii 
of  men  to  be  siwred  from  erch  ship  during  their  eqoipmem  far 
aea,  I  now  determined  to  undertalce  a  journey  into  the  Interior,  fbt 
this  purpose,  accmpanied  by  a  certain  numlier  of  oficera  and  men 
who  volunteered  their  services  on  the  occasion  {  and  the  Ist  of 
June  was  fixed  for  our  departure.  The  Griper's  siclc-list  had  mw 
been  reduced  to  <me  person,  whoae  only  complaint  was  debili^ 
from  a  late  attack  of  scurvy ;  and  William  8cott»  whom  I  have  be» 
Ibre  had  occasion  to  mention,  was  the  only  patient  on  board  die 
Hftla.  The  case  of  this  man  had  been  such  as>  for  some  tiflia 
put,  to  baffle  Mr.  Edwards*s  endeavours  to  produce  a  favourAbte 
change,  his  complaint  appearing  to  be  more  mental  than  corporeal, 
and,  therefore,  one  which  no  medicine  could  be  expected  to  cure. 

Previously  to  mv  intended  departure,  I  was  occupied  in  measur- 
ing abase  upon  the  ice  across  the  mouth  of  the  harbour^  and  i|| 
taking  the  necessary  angles  for  the  survey,  which  was  carilid?l| 
^c^  eastward' beyond  Fife's  Harbour,  principally  for  thepurpoMI 
<]|^<totmeodeg  our  diservations  here  with  those  obtained  by l^qihi^ 
trion  Mine  on  the  6th  of  the  preceding  September,  on  whwif  ^^timl 
conwi^aonc^the  longitudes  observed  during  the  navigation  of  t9lfl| 
in^jMrt depended.    -  ■     '' ■  ■■lyf'i^^'f^. 

•£i%  (Ml  theSnoming  of  the  S4th|  Mr.  Allison  reported' ,^t: 
Im  tuul  felt  a  few  drops  of  ridn  fall  upon  htsr  face,  an  event  wl^Al 
lie, had  scarcely  dured  to  anticipate  so  soon,  but  which  wna  fiiE^ 
«d  witk^uch  aatiaiiction,  as  nothinff  appears  to  be  so  afl^toid  ii^ 
ili^  in  producing  the  dissohitSonof  t^  iee.    The  clood^  lUpfr 
wallryi^pearance  tiu^ughoutthe  di^y,  andat  half-pMt  eig^t  in  tH^ 
einintftgf  we  were  agreeably  surflris^d  by  a  smart  sh6wer  of  ra^ 
virhich  was  shordy  vihet  succec^ett  by  sev^iral  others.    111%  luid 
bea&  ad  unaccuatomed  to  see  wftter  naturally  in  a  fluid  Ittfte'iti^ 
and  much  less  tp  ace  it  fall  froid  the  heavens^  that  such  ai  occiii* 
rence.  became  %  matter  of  comtlderable  curiosity*  aloid- 1  beitet# 
«i;ery  person  on^bCMurd  hastened;  on,  dectk  to  ifitness  so  inter«lfp|i^t 
aa  well  as  novel  njphenomenon.    The  rain  which  fell  in  ^e  clOfiNpp 
dl  the  evenings  made^everal  little  pools  upon  the  ite,  whieh;l|ii^ 
riemained  unROzen  fen*  twelve  or  fourteen  hours  in  the  day,  aa^l|f^ 
idso  the  sea>4rater  around  the  ships.  Two  ivoiy  gulls  ("Laru*  M^ 
nttuj  were  reported  to  have  been  aeien  in  the  course  of  this  *  " 
by  a  party  employed  in  cittdi^  turf  on  shore.'  ' 

I  am  now  to  mention  ah  <i^iiitence  #liich  took  place 
fsi^f  and  on  which  I^aho^^JKMy  be  silent,  hat  tln^  ir^ifilli 


\ 


A 


I)    / 


I 


H 


•4< 


19i 

imMf  B»MHcWd  jiith  tfM  important '    ject  of  the  hntAlh  of  mii- 

m^m  iMt  ami  ill  ftv«7'  oih«r  e*'    itc.    It  wm  rtporttd  to  nk, 

Hkfoufh  ont  or  two  of  the  Hechi'i  pettjr-officcn,  thai  one  of  our 

iMpRM,  wkote  name  I  em  uiiwiUing  to  record,  attd  who  had  lately 

MM  cimdi  hy  the  gveatcit  eare  and  attention,  of  a  rather  aevcfe 

mmA  of  the  scurvy,  had  been  in  the  Ireoncttt  hidtit  of  eating  with 

m  hraad  a  quantity  of  the  slcimmingt  of  the  watir  in  which  nit 

IfiMil  ia  boiled,  called  by  the  taiton  u  iluih.*'    Thia  kind  of  lat  or 

ptnatef  which  is  always  understood  to  be  a  berquisita  of  the  coohs 

pi  hb  asajesty's  nary,  and  the  use  of  which  is  well  known  to  be 

In  the  highest  dc^e  productive  of  scurvy,  had  always  been  a 

aourCe  of  considerable  anxiety  and  apprehension  to  me  during  the 

voyage.    Soon  after  our  leaving  England,  when  the  issuing  of  salt 

«Mat  cemmentfed,  I  tent  for  the  cook  of  the  Hecla»  and,  in  presence 

«f  the  oficera,  warned  him  on  no  account  ever  to  permit  a  particle 

mihia  slush  to  be  used  by  the  ship*s  company  i  and,  on  conditiCiil 

«f  hia  Ihithfully  complying  with  this  injunction,  I  permitted  him, 

iidar  certain  restrictions,  to  preserve  it  in  easks«  for  hii  own  f^ 

tntt  bene6t.    With  thete  directidns  the  cook  had,  I  believe^  pune- 

SliaUy  complied  till  the  middle  of  the  winter;  when  he  had  been 

^idually  led  into  a  practice  of  furnishing  the  toeople  occasionidiy 

iHdMr:saMdlquantit/of  fat  to  bum  in  their  lamp»t  of  thia,  the  mn 

•Med  to,  had,  it  seeoM,  taken  advantage,  and  used  It  at  an  artida 

«f  Ipet  in  the  manner  deacribed.    Being  tfatarmined  imiMdiat^ 

^  «hfeik  so  pernicious  a  practice,  I  charged  him  with  his  etaliat 

^lll^pr«Wnee  of  the  oScert  and  ship's  chmpany^miAiltiog  eiH  <c» 

^taii  at  the  sametimev^he  ingratitude  with  which  fat  had  ivpaUl 

Ihlr^ivt taken  of  him  dttrintl^t  lata  lltttesa»    It  iwra  mtgteat 

tflUlitotNMi  to  jQd  thaitffc  men  were  disimscdt^^jatr  thiaam«i^ 

i»^tf^ii»orhifdi|oat^  little  shm««f  that  #hi(^^^^^^ 

l^^l^ela  on  thia  oceaalon^aom^of  them^  as  I  found)  hating  !••• 

|Mii|i%  |p<>ken  to  him  before  upon  the  iubject.    iiaving,^tham* 

ii%  #n|ited  th^  theoflfender  should  be  punished  by  wearteg 

upon  hie  Mk  a  badge,  which  would  expose  him  for  a  time  to  the 

imttteiitpt  and  derision  of  his  4iipmates,  I  folt  satisfied  that  no^fop 

|lliiktnatance%oi^ocearof  an  miftht  prove  so  fotal 

tolheeatitfe  inwhichwewei«engiged»    , 

#^on  themommg^f  the  89th^  the  whid  increased^  to  a  ftedi 
jpe  mm  the  northward  imd  we^  which  continued  during 

Ilie  1^1  with  a  hetovy  fott^Of  entHr  and  nt^^ 
veateil  our  seeing  to  the  diimnee  of  tnbra  than  twenty  yiutte^aiilBttd 
fmMp^  The  foSowihg^tbiy  being  fine,  I  took  my  tmvelttngparty 
flo  fbt  top  of  the  narth^eait  hill,  in  ord«r  to  tiy  the  cart*  which  hlid 
^1  «0iu^ucted  for  caritlttg  the  tenta  and  baggagtv  and  which 
^J^Wfied  to  anawer  vetf^m  The  viem  from  thia^iU  was  iKit 
"ytfcna  to  iiffei-  mudi  epcouragemem  to  our  hopes  ofVuture  ttdr 
igitem^li^,^  wesl#apd.    l^eeeiritiiliprteehieil^  sftm»tti)& 


*■ 


broken  mil  coatiiitimit  turfwi  of  Mltd  wd  impratlfililt  |M»  Md 
tliii  ice  could  not bt  1cm  than  from  six  to  Mven h0%i»  if '  ' 
M  we  knew  It  to  Iw  about  the  thipe.  When  to  this  cini 
wu  added  tha  conaldenition^  that  acarcely  the  aligbtiit 
of  thawing  bad  yet  appeared*  and  that  in  three  weeka  ... 
period  the  tun  would  again  begin  to  decline  to  the  aonthv 
mutt  be  cnnleafedr  that  the  moet  languine  and  enthn^iHidc  9mMi 
ua  had  ionie  reaion  to  be  ttag^red  in  the  expcctationft  thijr  llP 
ionned  of  the  complete  accompliah^cnt  of  our  entcrpiiit,  . 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


■}i  »• 


Jmm  »>f^  J^^  Muni  (oih9^l'^ri»fmi^,mdr0^ 

THE  weather  being  livotti«b|o  om  tlie  monung  of  dm  l«l,of 
lone,  i  madn  aucliairangfdnrtitMt  wcr^aBCMiary,  pretioiMi  i»^ 
departure  ob  oun  iaiaiided  jfmmc^  I  directed  tieoteBwita  |^ 
don  and  Beecihey^  to  pmceed  iritb  all  jioaaible  deapatch  in  lie 
eqnipmpnt  of  thf  ehipa  for  tea,  having  them  ready  to  «ait  1;^.^ 
endof  |Amc,»^ii«iiider^that  WA  mighl  be  abin  to  take  $dvmmpi^ 
dn^  fiivourablejateintion  in  die  atattt  of  the  ice  at  an  earlier  pet||il 
than  preaent  \  appearani^  4lowed  us  to  anticipate.  w. 

The  par^  aeiected  to  a^compiny  m^,  out  of  the  numei«»iia  yo- 
lunteera  on  thia  oceneien,  cooawted  df  Captain  8abipe»  Miifitgi. 
Fithcn  MiM,4mdrikidf  aeijea^t  M*Mahon,  of  the  nwmhmf' 
icant^Mnt^i  of  tbe.«i^Ucra,  and  tlnwe  aelmen  nn4  two  mmiiiit 
#^nnff^  t(^#otli  ahipa,  paling  a  tpi4  of  twelve^  indudin^  o^ 
aelf^  ^We  prei^  eiq^ied  with  pix^tliooa  for  thref)!ireek»^^l^^ 
ing  to  dicdnlly  proportion  of  one  fo^  |)f  biscuit,  two-tl^^  of » 
pound  of  Donkin'apreservedmeatiMie  ounce  ofa»lcppoyd^,j^ 
ounce  of  augar,  and  half  a  pint  of  a j^rita,  for  eOTTOT  trfl^ 
^ntfy  of  the  kind  called  h)  the  army  horiimen^a  tenti,  wei^fli  ^ 

^afdEeta^  with  two  hoardin^Apikeai  ixed  acroaa  at  eacK  «n%4 


«riSp*rope  along  the  top,  whichrwith  atones  laid  upott,ti|e 

(hdlfbr. 


the  blan^t8»niade«f9iy  comii^itableaadpprtfa^etQ,^^^  .^w" 
tents,  with  the  whoW  of  tie  provisions,  tojgether  with  #  <?«|;nfi^ 
or  cooking  amMimtUt,4nd  a^mail  quantity  of  wood  fqr  focViM|ie«q§.i 
4ng  in  the  wh<>le>  to  eight  hundred  pounds,  were  earthed  |^p«Wt» 
^rong  but  light  cnrtte<pitructed  for  the  purpose  r  thifUili^^id 
mviag  been^led^d^oni^the miost  convenient  for  the  cosiBt«yip 
which  we  were  about  to  ttraveh  T 


juU|s^. 


Zllj^  <  ^^Sg^^^JSjtffiiH'^"''' 


pi^^ifrrff^ 


.jrt;^.v\^.v,#W',;iTv;iiiv>"'S'';;/>%"!?*T.'.  r"''''i4:  * 


•.,,^-TT'--TV 


■a?VW«1| 


.  ■.  -  ■  ^. 


'l  f 


ii    'Sr- 


M 


156 

Seo' and  man  was  also  furnished  with  a  Uanket  made 
into  A  hysi  with  a  drawing.striug  at  each  end,  a  pair  of  spare 
)^)«8  and  stockings,  a  flannel  shirt,  and  a  cap  to  sleep  in.    The 
eftpthing  and  blatikets  were  carried  on  our  backs  in  knapsacks,  those 
ot^, the  officers  weighing  from  teventeen  to  twenty-four  pounds 
each,  and  one  between   every  two   men  weighing   twenty-four 
pomids,  to  be  carried  forhalf  a  day  alternately.    Mr.  Dealey,  with 
a  party  of  three  men,  was  appointed  to  attend  us  for  the  first  day's 
IQurnor,  to  assist  in  canning  our  baggage,  and  then  to  return  to 
the  ships.    It  was  my  intention  to  proceed  as  directly  north  as 
possible,  and  if  we  came  to  the  sea  in  that  direction,  to  turn  to  the 
westward,  m^ing  such  a  circuit  in  returning  to  Winter  Harbour 
aft  mi^t  occupy  from  one  to  three  weeks,  according  to  circum- 
stances.    It  was  proposed  to  travel  entirely  at  night,  if  any  part  of 
the  twenty-four  hours  could  properly  now  be  so  called,  when  the 
Wn  was  constontly  above  the  horizon.    This  plan  was  considered 
to  be  advantageous,  both  for  the  sake  of  sleeping  during  the  warmth 
Of  the  day,  and  to  avoid,  as  much  as  possible,  the  glare  of  the  sua 
upon  the  snow  while  travelling. 

^At  five  P.M.  we  left  the  ships,  accompanied  by  a  large  party  of 
officers  and  men  from  each,  who  wene  desirous  of  relieving  us  from 
the  weight  of  our  knapsacks  for  an  hour  or  two;  and,  having  been 
Oieered  by  the  ships  on  our  departure,  we  went  round  the  head  of 
the  harbour,  and  ascended  the  north-east  hill.  This  route  was 
c^Men  on  account  of  the  ground  being  clear  of  snow  only  on  the 

^lSf**ii^  ^'*^****'  P*"*  °^  the  land.  Our  companions  leftua  at 
^ght  P.M.,and  we  proceeded  across  a  level  plain  almost  entirely 
ci^vered  with  snow,  which*  however,  was  so  hard  a*  ta  make  tlw 
travelling  very  good ;  and  the  cart  was  dragged  along  without  diffi. 
-ettlty.  At  eleven  P.M.^  we  came  to  three  remarkable  roun4  hilis^ 
comp^cd  entirely  of  sand  and  masses  of  sandfitonc,  and  halted  t«> 
dmeselose  to  the  northward  of  them.  Those  parts  of  the  hind 
whicb  were  clear  of  snow,  appeared  to  be  more  productive  than 
ttpsc^in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  Winter  Harbour,  the 
dwarf- willow,  sorrel,  and  poppy  (Papaver  iVttrficatt/f),  being  more 
abundant,  and  the  Aioss  more  luxuriant;. we  could  not,  however, 
Go^ct  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  slender  wood  of  the  willow  in  a 
dry  state,  fpr  the  purpose  of  dissolving  snoW  for  water,  and  were, 
Jierefore,obhged  to  use  a  part  of  the  fuel  which  we  had  provided 
fofthat  purpose.     The  thermometer  stood  at  31'  at  midnight. 

•  ItTS?**^^  ^^  *°°"  ^^^^^  midnight,  at  the  distance  of  half  a  mile 
w^a  N.b.E.  direction,  we  came  to  a  piece  of  frozen  water  h^  a 
ipUe  in  length,  and  two  hundred  yards  wide,  situated  on  the  south 
Mde^of  the_range  of  hills  which  bound  th^  prospect  from  Winter 
llarbour.  The  ict,  on  the  surface  of  this  lake  or  pond,  was  in  some 
narta  nearly  dissolved,  and  in  all  too  soft  to  allow  us  to  cross  it. 
We  l^erc  saw  a  pair  of  ducks,  one  of  which  being  white  and  the 


i 


i^ 


»a^*ak«lfeyfesiii|i;.;»ii^M*i^fe^lK'^ 


"fv;'  'fci-H'iw.'.iff," 


■,V- 


i 


t 


107 

other  brown,  we  tupposed  them  to  be  of  that  tiieclift  Me4  king 
ducks  (dntu  SpectabilUi).  We  soon  after  came  in  ftigbt<i^  an  ex- 
tensive level  space  to  the  north-westward,  upon  which  not^al^Mie 
dark  spot  could  be  distinguished,  even  widi  a  glass,  to  break  me 
uniformity  of  the  snow  with  which  it  was  covered,  till  it  a{^}eired 
to  terminate  in  a  range  of  lofty  hills  which  %'^  had  occasionitti^ 
seen  from  th«:  southward,  and  which,  from  the-  appearanre  given 
them  by  their  distance,  we  had  called  the  Blue  HtUs.  We  had, 
for  some  time  past,  entertained  an  idea,  from  their  bold  and  precfo 
pitous  appearante  in  some  parts,  that  water  would  be  found  at  the 
foot  of  them ;  and  had  we  not  been  certain  that  we  had  now  a»> 
cended  three  or  four  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  Winter  Har 
hour,  the  appearance  of  the  plain  before  us,  which  resembled  a 
branch  of  the  sea  covered  with  ice,  would  have  confirmed  us  in  this 
idea.  We  halted  at  haUVpast  six  A.M.,  on  the  2d,  and  pitched  the 
tents  on  the  haidest  ground  we  could  find,  but  it  became  quite 
swampy  in  the  course  of  the  day.  We  killed  seven  ptarmigan,  and 
saw  two  plovers  {Charadrius  pluviaUa\  and  two  deer,  being  the  first 
we  had  met  with  this  season,  with  a  fawn*  so  smidl,  as  to  leave  no 
doubt  of  its  having  been  dropped  since  the  arrival  of  the  female 
upon  the  island.  They  were  so  wild  as  not  to  allow  us  to  approi^ 
them  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  The  day  waa  fine  with  light  and 
variable  mrs;  the  thermometer  stood,  at  34*,  in  the  shadef,  at  seven 
A*M.,  at  wh'.h  time  it  waB  unfortunately  broken. 
V  At  five  P.M.  we  struck  the  tents,  ^d  having  detained  one  of 
Mr.  Dealey's  party  to  accompany  us,  I  despatched  him  to  the  shipa 
with  the  others,  and  then  continued  our  journey  to  the  northward, 
havingfirst  made  the  necessary  observations  for  determining  our 
position.  These  and  the  rest  of  our  observations  for  latitude  and 
loni^tude,  dbtained  during  this  journey,  were  made  with  a  sextant 
and:  artificial  horizon,  and  the  longitudes  are  t^y  the  chronometer, 
No.  8109  of  Arnold^  which  I  carried  in  my  pocket. 

As  we  proceeded  to  the  northward,  the  delusion  respecting  the 
level  plain  to  the  westward,  began  to  wear  off,  some  brown  spots 
being  here  and  there  perceptible  with  a  glass,  which  left  no  doubt 
of  its  being  principally,  if  not  entirely,  knd.  Beyond  this  plain, 
however,  there  was  a  piece  of  bold  land  in  the  distance,  having" 
every  appearance  of  an  island,  lying  between  the  Blue  Hills  on  the 
north,  and  some  high  land  to  the  south.  There  was  a  bright  and 
dazzling  ice-blink  over  the  plane  of  snow,  and  exactly  correspond- 
ing with  it,  as  to  extent  and  position. 

Having  halted  three  hours  to  dine  and  rest,  we  again  set  forward 
at  two  A.M^v  6(^  the  3d,  crossing  one  or  two  ravines,  running 
E.N.E.  and  W.8.W.,  in  which  there  was  a  large  collection  of 
snow,  but  as  yet  no  appearance  of  water  in  the  bottom  of  them. 
Captain  Sabine  and  myself  being  considerably  a«head  of  the  rest  of 
the  party,  had  sat  down  to  waic  for  them,  when  a  fine  reifi'deer 


'  *  «7^ 


m 

^unfe  trot^KUji^  f imI  eliyed  found  U8i«r  a  %vmtw  ol  im  koaXi 
withtuJdiiity  y«r4t.  We  luul  no  guin  nor  do  I  know  ihat  wc 
•iH^itld  h«ve  kimd  il  if  wt  Iiad,  there  bemgtiareiidfM  teucK  weight 
Qpentthe  cart  «•  (He  men  could  well  dmg;  and  having  no  fuel  t» 
ifme  for  cooking;  bMidee,  w>e  felt  it  would  have  6«en  but  an  ill 
relium  for  the  cmifideace  which  he  seemed  willing  to  place  in  ui. 
Qn  hearing  our  people  talking  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  ravine,  the  ^ 
•  dwr  uiimediatefycrJDisedovery  and  went  directly  up  to  them,  with 
very  ^tde  caution j  and,  they  heing  less  scrupulous  than  we  wei«,  one 
or  two  shots  T^ere  immediately  fired  at  him,  but  without  effect;  o» 
which  he  again  crossed  over  to  where  we  wei'e  sitting*  approaching 
us  nearer  than  before.  As  soon  as  we  rose  up  and  walked  oo»  he 
accompamed  us  like  a  dog»  sometimes  trotting  a^head  of  us,  and 
then  returning  within  forty  or  fifty  yards.  When  we  halted,  at  six 
A.JM[v,  to  make  the  usual  observations,  he  remained  by  us  till  tho 
rest  of  the  party  came  up*  and  then  trotted  off.  The  rein^deer  ia 
by  no  means  a  graceful  animal;  its  highshoulders  and fm  awkward 
stoop  in  its  head,  giving  it  rather  a  deformed  appearance.  Our 
new  acquaintance  had  no  horns;  he  was  of  a  brownish  colour  with 
a  black  saddle,  a  broads  black  rim  round  the  eyes,  and  very  white 
about  the  tail.  We  observed  that,  whenever  he  was  about  to  sat 
off,  he  made  a  sort  of  playful  gambol,  by  rearing  on  his  hind  lega. 

l%e  latitude  ola«rvcd  here  was  fs'  06'  58",  the  longitude  110! 
30'  32",  and  the  variatipn  of  the  magnetic  needle  128' 30'  14"  east^ 
erly.  We  had  passed,  during  our  last  march,  a  good  deal  of  rich 
soil,  consisting  principally  or  decayed  moss,  and  other  vegetabla 
substance  mixed  with  sand;  and  the  sorrel  and  wuufn^ (Stixifittfjp^ 
appOHtifolid)  were  more  abundant  than  before. 

A  fog,  which  had  prevailed  during  the  eariy  part  of  the  day, 
having  cleared  away  m  the  afternoon,  we  struck  the  tents  at  five 
P.J^*,  imd  having  travelled  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  came  t6  # 
ravine  not  less  than  a  hundred  feet  deep,  and  in  most -parts  neai^ 
perpendicular.  A  place  was  at  length  found  in  which  the  eart 
could  be  got  across,  which  we  succeeded  in  effecting,  thrqugh^eiy 
deep  snow,  after  an  hour's  labour.  On  the  north  side  of  this  ra^' 
vine  large  masses  of  sand-skone  were  lying  on  the  surface  of  tlut 
ground,  over  which  the  cart  could  with  difficulty  be  dragged ;  and 
we  remarked  on  this  and  several  other  occasions,  that  the  stones 
which  were  bruised  by  the  wheels  emitted  a  strong  smell,  like  that 
of  fetid  limestone  when  broken,  though  we  coold  never  discovei 
^  any  of  that  substance.  In  some  of  the  sand-stone  we  foun^  pieces 
of  coal  embedded ;  and  some  large  pieces  of  a  slaty  kind  of  that 
mineral,  which  burned  indifferently,  were  also  picked  up  ir  the 
ravine. 

We  had  hitherto,  as  we  judged,  rather  ascended  than  othei,*wise 
since  leaving  the  north-east-hill  of  Winter  Harbour,  and  thehet|^t 
ctf  this  part  of  the  island  may  be  estimated  at  three  or  four  hun- 


■^■■^ 


J^-' 


159 

drttd  feet  above  the  level  of  the  mk.  At  two  oiilet  isid'A  quftrter 
t©  the  north w»td  df  the  ravine,  we  entered  upon  »  enowjr  plait},  of 
which  we  coidd  nbt  see  ttie  termination  to  the  north waird*  <|iere 
and  there  onl|^«^  cftmt^  Cd  a  small  patch  of  uncovered  l«adftt»>«ie 
of  which  we  obiei^ed  the  aand  and  sand-stone  to  be  tin|^d  of  « 
light  briek  cdoup.  We  halted  to  dine  before  midnight,  havini 
made  good,  by  our  account,  a  diittance  of  o^Iy  five  miles,  and  thi^ 
with  difl^H^Tf  the  snow  being  soft,  which  m«de  travelling  very  !#• 
borious.  We  found  here  nothing  biit  two  small  pools  of  dirty 
water,  but,  as  it  was  of  importanee  to  save  our  wood  in  ease  of  ac- 
cidents, we  went  on  an  allowance  of  half  a  pint  of  this  water  eaeh, 
father  than  expend  any«f  it  in  melting  sno^,  a  process  r«c|iiirin|^ 
more  fuel  than  perhaps  those  who  have  never  made  tiie  expei-imem 
ili*e  aware  of.  Tlhtere  was  no  vegetation  in' this  pluce^  even  the  - 
poppy  httving  now  forsaken  us. 

At  t#o  Vtloek  dn  the  morning  of  the  4th  we  continued  oalr 
jdumey  to  the  northward,  over  the  same  snowy  and  level  plain  as 
defore,  than  which  it  is  impossible  to  conceive  any  thing  more 
dt^eary  and  uninteresting.  It  frequently  happened  that,  for  an  hour 
together,  not  h  single  spot  of  uncovered  ground  coittld  bei  seen. 
The  few  patehes  ef  this  kind  forcibly  reminded  one  df  the  de- 
seripttpn  given  of  the  dMe9  in  the  dcseits  of  Africa*  r.o  Only  be^- 
ftauie  Ihey  rttieved  us  for  a  time  fro  /  ;he  intense  gla^  of  the  fiiiHi 
tljidfi  the  snow,  which  was  r^.i^'-i^el'  ^^pit c*sive  to  the *;ye8,  but 
becaliiiie  It  Wis  on  these  alone  that  rv.  cci^ld  pitch  our  tents  tores^ 
or  that  we  could  estpeet  to  meet  -vith  any  water.  The  breexe 
fft!<Mtehed  up  to  a  gale  from  th-  ^S^S.E.  as  Vt  .^  proce«'ded^  ami  the 
meH)  ^  if  determined  not  to  iorg>?t  tKat  •hey  w*;ve  sailors,  seta 
iMrge  blanket  upon  the  tart  as  a  sail^  which,  upon  the  present  level 
gl^ttnd^  was  found  to  be  of  material  assift^nce.  Fh^snow  Was 
Iniepr  1^ mther  soft,  which  mstde  the  travelling  heavy ^  and  as  the 
Hflad  produced  a  good  deal  of  suow-drift«  ni^st  of  the  bare  patched 
df  ground  bec«me  covered  up,  so  that  wheh  our  time  for  halting 
had  arrived,  not  ii  piece  of  groui  I  could  be  W;n  on  whith  to  pitch 
the  tents.  Captaiiiv  Sabine  and  myself  wetft  if.  ward  Ho  look  out 
for  aipot,  and  at  le^i^h  were  fottunate  to  meet  with  one,  on  which 
th«»e  was  just  risom  for  otif  little  encampmenr.  It  was  with  som<6 
difficulty,  by  building  a  wall  with  stones  and  our  knapsacks,  that 
we  prevented  its  being  covered  with  snow  before  the  party  came 
up,  which  they  did  at  half-past  seven  A.M.,  having  travelled  ten 
miles  in  a  N.W.bi«N.  direcuon.  We  saw  a  few  foi. -tracks,  but  no 
animals,  nor  the  smallest  symptom  of  vegetation,  during  this  marchi 
It  is  not  imptt>bable,  however,  •hat  these  snbWy  plains,  when  unco* 
vered  by  the  warmth  of  summer,  may  present  a  more  luxuriant  yi^ 
getation  than  is  elsewhere  to  be  met  with  on  this  island. 

By  the  time  we  hod  secured  the  tents  the  wind  blew  hard,  with 
a  cominued  fall  as  well  as  dHl%  of  snow*  so  that  we  could  hot  but 


>  ■' 


\\\\ 


r^^VT  ^j''  , 't.o»«. ' *j>«  '(w,(ji'H    .'1^  M/'niuiM^^rMii^ii 


H 


\if 


\\ 


1^ 

cim^Q^^nfynrnMit  in  having  met  with  •  spot  of  wound  in 

gopd  time.    Notwith.tw»ding  the  inclemency  of  5w  weSher   w^ 

^iJ?L.^"^f T*  "•  ^'-y  co«efortable  IndnumS^^i^^ 

die  out  being  tilted  up  to  windward  of  them,  so  as  to  breS  S 

wme  measure  the  violence  pf  the  wind ,  and  when  wrapped  up,  ^ 

rather  enclosed  m  our  blanket-bags,  we  were  generaUy  Suite  wim 

enough  to  enjoy  Ae  most  sounTand  refreshing^^r  I  may 

hoover  ^llcTS/?  »»^  *»^  A«J?o««»t  the  tfnts  ^Tere  pitcH 

However  short  the  time  for  which  it  was  proposed  to  halt,  evcr^ 

mm  wa.  directed  immediately  to  change  h?s  shoes  and  stocWnS^ 

i?L*^±^*~"  time  had  his  feet  exaSned  by  Mr.  Fistr.    S 

duZtLl^rKi?**'**'''!'"'^  '"'^y'''  8«t  our  things  dried 

ai  mWn?^i?"^^S-  ^^  ««"»5^«t  boots  and  stockings  after  resting 
atoS««^fo:  7^"  ''.^'  '^1  °"*y  ^"y  *°  make1:ertain  of  dr? 
hLur  X  rf-^^***"^  *"*  *"**  **  ''^  '^'''''  «""  ^*»  ^'^^  ^«  in  half  an 
consequence.  I  insist  the  more  on  this  circumstance,  because 
It  IS  to  our  attention  to  these  prec^iutions  that  I  attribute  the  good 
health  we  xnjoyed  during  the  journey.  To  this,  indeed,  we  had 
one  exception,  Captain  Sabine  having  suffered  some  uneasiness  from 
indigestion^  ,n  cpnsequence  -jf  having  eaten  some  of  the  salen. 

IIJI  IhI^*^  Tk*****  **"\^y  *'**°^^"  '°  *^«  **«*'  togetheririth^a 
little  medicine,  the  complamt  was  soon  removed.  It  is  scarcely 
possible  perhaps  to  imafl^ne  the  comfort  which  was  afforded  in  this 
MstMicc  l«r  the  small  quanUty  of  fuel  we  were  provided  With,  as  it 
enabled  us  to  furnish  CiH>t»in  Sabine  with  one  or  two  warm  mes- 
ses which  ^chiefly  contributed  to  his  recoveiy ;  and  we,  therefore, 
determined  to  use  no  more  of  our  wood  except  Under  similar  cir- 
cumstances. 

It  continued  to  blow  and  snow  till  seven  PJVI.,  when  the  wind 
^ving  jeered  to  the  8.  W.,  and  become  more  moderate,  we  struck 
ine  ten^  J  and  having  now  placed  the  men's  knapsacks  on  the  cart 
to  enable  them  to  drag  with  greater  facility,  we  proceeded  on  our 
journey  to  the  northward.  We  passed  a  narrow  but  deep  ravine 
lying  across  pur  course,  in  some  parts  of  which  the  snow  reached 
ne.  rly  to  a  level  with  the  banks,  forming  a  kind  of  bridges  or  cause- 
Ijrajs,  on  one  of  which  we  crossed  without  difliculty.  The  men 
^ftad  hoisted  one  sail  upon  the  cart  at  first  setting  off;  but  the  wind 
being  now,  as  they  expressed  it,  «*on  the  larboard  quarter,"  a  se- 
as well  as  relirf!'  "^^*^  **  *  main-sail,  to  their  great  amusement 

After  crossing  a  second  ravine,  on  the  north  side  of  which  the 
ground  rose  considerably,  we  entered  upon  another  snowy  plain. 
Where  there  was  nothing  to  be  seen  in  any  direction  but  snow  and 

Sf  Ji''  "^^I'^  ?'  T*^  dreary,  a  thick  fog  came  on  as  the 
nignt  advanced,  and  as  this  prevented  our  taking  any  mark  more 


.■if 


m 

l^m  fifty  Of  i  hiittdlM  jrairds  «-head,  we  iMdl  t6  place  tht'tompias, 
t^  which  we  were  ndW  entirety  travelling^,  upon  the  grbCMJfd  eveiy 
five  mlnatet ;  and-  It  if  traversed  wHh  peat  ■faijjgisbness;  ^f  ^i^p 
a  vety  crooked  -asld  lutcertain  conrae.  For  iliore  than  tliki^|ijni 
we  did  not  paw  a  single  spdt  of  uncovered  ground^  iipir^e^% 
atone  projecting iliove  the  snow.  "^'^ 

The  wea^r  being  at  length  too  foggy  to  proceed,  ^e  eat  dow^ 
on  oui'knapsacks  for  a  short  time,  and  then  cOtttititted  oldp  jpum^; 
the  fog  being  somewhat  less  thick.  At  one  A.M.  ott  the  5th,  wk 
came  to  a  ^w  large  stones  sticking  up  above  thd  sncMri  and  aa 
the  people  Were  a  good  deal  fatiffued,  and  I  wasat  «te  ikiue 
tliNie  desirbtki^  ii«tt6  tun  the  risk  whicllf  ikiight  be  incuiv^  by  4ul'- 
feting  them  ^  lie  upon  the  snoW,  we  determined  to  try  what 
cduld  be  done  in  piekttig  out  the  stones,  one  by  one,  imd  pavihg  a 
spot  for  th«  tents  over  it.  This  plan  succeeded,  and' after  aa 
hour's  wbrk  we  completed  a  dry,  though  hard  flooring  for  our  en- 
cfltmpmetjti;  This  being  properly  Our  dinner-time  for  the  4th  of 
|mie»  dra^g^i^  mealltM  been  unavoidably  delayed  beyond  that 
day,  we  dtd' Hot  forget  to  drink  His  Majesty's  health  in  botli  tents, 
not  aWare  at  the  time  that  our  venerable  Monarch  had  many  mdQths 
befo)re  pa^d  the  4«itt>f  nature. 

Iwe  ibg  cohttmijMt  too  tMck  to  allow  ue  to  m^ve  etill  sik  A.  ML 
at  which  time  we  reaimed  oitr  journey.  ^^  was  a  broad  ^|e 
cIlN'^nct  hl2e-bo#df  very  white  and  dazding  light  dittctly  oppo- 
site the  sttiii.  The  wi^l^er  being  stUl  too  f^ggy  to  see  imon^  %hin^ 
a  qum^ler  of  a  mile  a-head,  it  was  with  considerable  dlflfeully^lii^ 
wi  leotdd  pifoeeed  on  a  tolerably  straight  course.  To^'^eet  jtHtfy 
k  was  neMssary  to  defermine  the  point  on  which  we  wflfe  Mking 
by  the  bearl!^  of  thft'sun,  winch  was  stiU  visible,  and  titc!  a^pal^nt 
ttise,  ahd  then  to  tidce  e  mark  a-head  by  which  our  course  was  to 
1^  ^rtetii^dii  From  the  thickness  of  the  weathier,  however,  it  wap 
niweiti^  to  riepeatdiii  operation  every  five  or  ten  minutes,  which'; 
ttii^l^^  with  me  uAi^^  whiteness  and  intense  glare  of  die  snoW> 
bie!«eae^o  esftremelf  jpaiofttl  to  the  eyes,  that  Mr.  FIAer  and  my- 
self. Who  went  a-heacrasr  guides,  soon  became  aiFected  with  snow;- 
blittdneiRl,  ihM  the  headmost  man  at  the  cart,  whose  business  it 
was  eoillujttiy  to  w^teh  cur  motions,  began  tc  suffer  in  a  similar 
manner, -and  f^^  the  same  cause.  We  had  now  also  frequent  ot- 
casion  to  experience — what  had  so  often  occuired  to  us  during  the 
winter,<— the  deception  otcasioned  in  judging  of  tV':  magnttudeSy 
and  c<!tiisequently  the  distances  of  objects,  by  seeing  them  oyer  a^a 
unvaried  sturface  of  snow ;  this  deception  was  now  so  much  incteal^ 
edby  the  diiekoess  of  the  fog,  l^at  it  frequecTtly  happened  t6«^ 
just,  as  we  had  ccmgratolated  ourselves  on  having  pitched  upM^ii 
mark  at  a  suScienI  distance  to  relieve  us  from  the  aecesSitt^  df 
tffit.ining  our  eyes  for  a  quir^r  of  an  hour,  we  suddetdy  «Mie  tMp 


'■i. 


,_.*.^*s..»_  •t*^    » 


m^iiji  (Mfl"^  t'i-RV:!^**'!' virj-n 


[^^[T^^WS'W 


g^  only  one  mile  wKtahalf  A*  m^T  iS  ^J  ^Wna  nude 

^  ^  lititude  observed  here  was  75'  «r  43''f  and  ik»  im.»:<:..^ 


/ 


*W>w  which  of  thia.  twoTiJSd  r^J!     u^?  ""•  PBXlJri  «• 
*y  tpot  for  th«  t.^  wW»kS^  17^':  *'"»8  ""hwl »  goad 

WwthU  journey  I  LroSv/dtC!?'  .'T  '  '""^  **"^^  «' 


I 


R 


«ttr  daily  jouiiief l»«d  been  perfomied,  WheiWrer  fheiwiiliooiatw 
Visible.    That  this  wm  by  no  mtant  the  ewe,  though  evjJJiOT"- 
hU  attention  i»ra«  paid  to  it,  will  appew  clear  from  an  inaft^cit^ot 
our  track  upon  the  map,  which  is  laid  down  by  the  actual  ^gj**; 
tions  of  two  separate  persons  from  dav  to  day,  J»^  »f,J'»*«5£ 
material  error  «ftild  have  occurred.    Myteiaon  fordwelKng  oftott 
this  circurabttnce  is  to  point  out  the  «ctreitf«  UabiU^  to^  error ij» 
laying  down  by  account  the  position  of  any  pomtat  which  ajialri*- 
ler  may  arrive  after  a  journey  of  severalliandrrd  miles,   J*"^" 
mark  I  cannot  but  consider  to  be  peculiarly  ap|il>cablejo  the  jow- 
tiey  of  Heame  fit)ra  the  Hudson's  bay  «ettlem«^nt8  to  *«  woret « 
the  Polar  Sea,  on  the  nortliem  coast  of  Americs,  m  many  hun<lf«a 
miles  of  which,  and  particularly  in  the  most  inteirestrog  part,  nor* 
single  observation  for  latitude  and  longitude,  or  the  variation  of  the 
magnetic  needle,  was  obtained,  whereby  his  daily  estimate  cc^W 
be  corrected.   Should,  therefore,  the  geographical  position  jSMglic* 
by  Heame  tdthe  C6ppcr  mine  R*  er  be  found  at  aU  neaPthe  tttttb, 
inore  especially  in  longitude,  it  will  prove  an  extraordinaiy  mstonce 
of  the  tendency  of  errors  to  correct  eadi  other-,  awJh  as,  *  otAieve, 
does  not  often  occur,  when  the  distance  gone  over  i»  aoxonaidera- 
bk,  either  by  sea  or  land.  «*»is       k« 

The  windincreased  to  a  frc^h  breeze  from  the  0.B.0,  wiji^ 
sharp  frost,  making  it  very  cold  in  the  tents,  which  we  ther^re 
struck  at  four  A.M.,  on  the  6th,  and  at  the  distance  of  tiip  a  snie 
came  to  the  summit  6f  a  hiU  overtooktn^  what  appeared  to  %» 
fwzcn  sea  before  us.  The  dtatantliighland'beyond  it  to  then<>Ith- 
east;  now  appeared  a  separate  island,  which  it  afterwards  pwu 
to  be,  and  Which  l  named  after  iny  friend  and  ieMo'w-ttavclter, 
Captiiin  Edward  Sabine,  of  the  Hoyal  Artitterv,  The  brow  of 
this  hill,  which,  from  the  best  estimate  I  could  form,  appeared  to 
be  from  four  to  five  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  W|^ 
tovered  with  large  masses  of  sandstone,  over  ^^^n/*  «^ 
scarcely  get  the  tAeds  of  the  cart.  I^e  then  deaccade*  the  hill, 
^idi  the  intention  of  pushmg  forward  to  determhic  whether  the 
^hitc  and  level  apace  1>efore  us  was  the  sea  or  not  We  ifad  not 
proceeded  for,  however,  when  the  douds  b<;gao  to  gather  heavily 
in  the  south-east,  and  shortty  after  snow  and  slcet^began  to  fau. 
Being  unwilling,  therefore,  to  allow  the  men's  clothes  to  be  wet, 
Vhen  there  was  no  absolute  occasion  for  it,  we  halted  on  apiece 
of  dty  ground,  and,  having  built  a  wlU  six  feet  high  to  shelt^rua 
from  the  weather,  pitched  the  tents  very  comfortably  under  thclcc 
of  it,  till  the  weather  should  allow  us  to  proceed.  ^  , 

We  ^;       saw  one  or  two  flocks  of  geesn^wliich,  to  judge  t.Ma     /^^f  I 

ihmt  wb^*.  2  wc  afterwards  killed,  were  probably  b£«n'-8«e»«<^    ^'^^^        : 
B.irnkia\  and  were  the  first  living  animals  we  had  met  wiGI  tor 
^wo  vr  three  days.    We  had  occasienally,  during  that  timen  aeen 
tipon  the  snow  the  tracks  of  a  solitary  deer,  but  even  these  secHteii 


.^:r, 


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iSJch  a  a«c^  ;  .lu  J^r  .f"**.*  *»»»^  «hro^ugh  much  deep  anpw,  of 

•m  wlch  we  imm!^;.^^^^^    "*"''-•  i«  it  parallel  to  the  Uncof  the 
^e'to  wMcrw^^^^^^  r<cogm.«l  to  be  of  the  .urn.  Mud  as 

ST  J«j     u-  f  *  "*°  •**  '®**8:  been  accuttomed  in  Winter  Har* 
W«d  which  are  occasioned  by  the  rise  and  faU  of  thi  ST 

2?t^  ferr*— i*'*  «.«»«'««  i«  thenpi^arance^^Sifsea  iJd 
iSiSrSif '''"V^? Mierposed  for  tfS^  three  miSi  b^^ 

JTte^SLnl^i^'' ''.'**'*  ^^^  *^*"»*'  to  the  8fe»  happened 

i^^wTcc^edtkh^r'^'^V^t '^^  ""^^  ^'^'^  o^  *be  ice 
S  ffirLiH  I?  ;u  P^°*»  of  fresh  water,  which  bad  probably 
o§P  torrned  by  the  etreums  from  the  ravine  and  whLh  »t  oiu.^ 
dfri^ce  appeared,  as  ««ual,  of  a  beautiful  Wu;  ^tm-      We  ?u^^^^ 

Sgw^vTA^iiTr  "'f  f^*^  8"  ^o""  "  """'y  fee*.  *«  ««fcc- 
»d  ..  ttmov.  ou^  .acampm.w  to  Poim  jL,  fo"t£.^JS?rf 


M 


4MH^litiag  thtlMAi^li^illil^^^  liliiAli?«#litIt  we 

On  our  rini»to  tl»  imiiiliw  #i«l,  ind  mit^ tltt M*^^«^^ 
on  the  pioroiiir  iBiJN  tm*  ^H^kmwt^m  out  §9tf^  iWirt,  ^  ^m% 
weiyibiiotiirrtv«iBlliall-|«Mfoiirr^  w^  being  het«  ■;  M^ 
as  to  miA*  l>»l«»t*iilWW^ 

mode  of  cmj^g  oiU^  Wggtge.  It  ftoif  itt  tit^^in  the  ehnM 
irttli  •  fred»  bwe<|^irolii  ih*  iwftl^  ■ili^tll«teglfc  t»t»  lente  wew^ 
mtche<i  under  «» lee  oHb^gmiUMledtee  upon  fherlkMli,  we  footitf 
ii«Urcmitly  enl^i  tfl^tke  fwetattl  wili»  wetr«r<^i«1wwl  durmr 
the  nighty  and  aoipie  of  ©tor  cinte«»i  bnnt  froni  the  eiteie  gKo*^* 
Tlie  people  were»atttiNii«d  Invest  n^r^thelr  supper  till  ibwr  F;mv 
and  were  then  set  to  work  upon  the  ice,  imd  in  bmlding  a  monu- 
ment  on  the  top-of  the  Point. 

The  latitude  observed  here  w«»  r5*  34'  47",  the  loa|;ittide  110* 
35'  82%  and  the  rariation  of  the  mignette  needk  133*  03'  8S"  eatt^ 
eitjr*    A  seiiec  of  angles  and  asfrcuMSinical  bearing  was  here  ob- 
tained for  the  survtiy  of  Ute  coast,  flhd  Ibr  determining  the  posttton 
of  Siddne  lelaad*  the  nos^'Weil^rtl'fOiiDlt  etfwhithv  being  a  bluff 
fccadtand,  was,  by  Captain  fiabine'i  deiire,  aiaaed  after  Colonel 
B^dge,^of  the  royid^taery,  one  of  thre  eoMmissionerk  of  Ioti|p* 
t^ie.    The  Und^  ttie  ireBtwaid  t^  Poinfl^fia^  sweeps  rooud  iiiio 
a  large  baVf  i»rH^6Mt9Bg  to  the  nt(i<dl#Wttstiiriui#|in  *bdl4  eape  bei^•^ 
ingN*  43"  m,  ito^artant  fWro  sit  tO%^«t  leagttei,  wHchU 
named  after  Myv  F^ber.     The  eastenwiOit  point  of  Melville 
Island^  here  visible*  was  a  low  projec^gpoSitt  bearing  8.  ^7*  Wl^' 
anil^^tant  ttfht-eir  liine  milesi  which  Was  ^EiBed  Point  Rdid,  Mr' 
the  g«Wleniati  of  ^t  nam^  who  acconipai^ed  ut.  ^       »    ' 

A  eotttinuoas  Kne  of  very  large  hutfiniocici  of  ice  extended 'ft^Hn 
Point  Nias,  abo^t  two  miles  and  a  half  in  a  N.N.E.  direciibflf; 
they  were  the  Ikid  of  huntniocls  whkh  always  indicate  the  iee 
living  met  witll  resistiuyce  by  giKsundingvand  i  havfc  Bttle  doubt 
tlgiit«reef  is  t^arfy  "marked  Otitby  Aem*  What  makes  this  more 
prolable  is^  that  in  the  whole  space  bew^een  Pc^tsNiaf  and  Reid, 
the  ice  iwar  the  shore  seemed  neval*  to  have  been  disturbed  by  any 
pressure  ufon  it,  being,  firhaps,  d^fewied  by  the  reef  fhom  f^e 
flo*8  coming  in  from  die  north-weat>;  whik  *e  whole  of  the  shore^ 
as  fares  Ii;ould  see  with  a  glass,  to  the  westward  of  Point  Nias, 
bore  evident ma^ks  of  *at  tremendous  pressure  which  is  produced 
by  fields  of  ic^  when  set  in  raotiCori. 

The  floe  of  ice  proved  to  be  four^en  feet  four  inches  in  thickness, 
and  it  «ii»  ten  at  night  before  cmr'  people  cot  through  it,  so  as  to 
admit  ^^  water;  it^in  fiowed  lip  wiittiin  Mteen  inches  of  the  ««*; 
per  surface  of  the  ice,  by  wtuch  some  idea  ma^  be  formed  of  i^- 
apecific  gravity  of  the  latter.  The  water  was  not  very  sak,  o£wil% 
probabfy  to  its  acquiring  a  dt^|;ree  Of  freshness,  in  forci^  itself 
tliifwgh  an  apatiire  50  enii^ia  to  require  liiree  qmntivi  of  tt 


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|io«r  «r«ir«rp'^^  hole  to  lit  pi^fBrWiNA'i a'  tmattliimall^r  ii, 
iMiriiW;  wMJtiflteiMt  19  cbBthlet  «ick  of  Qi^  tfMilt  wat  the  A 
UjpM  which  ^e  w«rfr  vtMi^ft  and ;  a  fihiiheiiwai  fiUed^  ordir 
td'try  ite  ipetti6c|ra^aiin(Hirtf«iita  TKe  tlilek- 

a^  of  the  ke  oa  thie  coiiit^  il'  4Mii(Mned:  tMth  diar  fh  Whit^ 
H«rbeur,  the  Ibraicr  beM%  doablv  thai  of  tfie  other,  aiaf  afftrft 
tight  appear  to  be  aa  iadliiiitldii  af  a  aMie  ievera  elHtoate  on  this 
than  oa  the  icmthijiii  toaet'of  Mihrflle  MMakIt  hilt  fhle  circani- 
ateaee  is enllf  eoedtfitfetf  ftfr bjr  oHmt^Mi  thilllia I^ of  a  har- 
Iwur  is»  at  we  klidw  bf  «i|i«iieiwe,illtlmBiiilo#of  a  truglfc^in- 
ter;  whereat,  ott  an  6peirakid>:et^odlid'bclieh,lik^'<hat  6f  F<jlat 
Miat,  die  hnt  year't,  or  t«a4e(^i'iiratllhtl^Wik  ilielf  Ihihe^i^ 
tooia,  foreing  up  the  iaaaiet  whkh  we  tfee  agroitiHl  ia  all  iach  titu- 
ationt,  and  inereasing,  lit  Ih^  coorte  Of  the  etttainf  wiateT,  t6  the 
thichaett  Which  we  he^  fouad'it  td  hk,  Hait  we  aeeidetttilhr 
eome 'to  at^  hny  or  hi(ibo#;iieG,iire 'from  the  a^eit'iof 'the  Hom 
IVotn  withoui,  ^^d  of  the  tame  depth  at  Wiafet-HarlMtiir,  I'doibt 
i  rrwe  shooVi  have  Ibii^adtheiieelnitOf  aearkthilalttethiclniili^ 

Wn  mw  Dothinr  living  "thllMt'ipettitteiift^' a  flbef  of  fi^  arlilz 
idatkti  none  of  whieh  weie  fitlid.  TIH^  #at  tci^ety  tinf  thkig 
exeept  a  little  stunted  liiost  and  toiMe  KiJhefit,  whieh  deten^ed  the 
mSH^  of  vegetatiOff;  aiiS  theOiilt^  escepti^  tireHoaie  ^Oao^ 

mS]r  erf  aandM^'whkh  had«ccikrredlSir?ttii^  da^t  (put,  cOntiilM 
"la  two  or  thn^  pieeet  of  red  Ijhmlt^Vaiidof  Mfil^ia^  #hite 
l^hich  iei^fend  hourl^  tearch  enabled  lit  to  Hiid.    Ifnto  plfcea  of 
drift-wood  #er^  aho  fbundupbii  thebdveh,  fiioni  Uitt^  tWii%rfe<et 
above'the  pntentlevefof  the  siei;  ^ey  wOrehbllt  pldfe,btte  ojf^^ 
hfehilf  teveh  feetand  if  half  long;  ^d  tttiee  i^Kei  w  mumo^^iiiA 
dl^  Other  Much  liilaller.    Thc^^i«  boih^|ili^  biiiM«l^^^k^^^^ 
saadv  ind  thift  iiiJPei«ri^  s6mil«:h^il^Ei]^d  ibil'tfepir^ 
to  j|>ieeei(ii{jonbiing' taken  hold' dfl^ '^^^ 

We  dttted  at  tnidnight^  ^d  at^hil^^  oae  Aifilv  Oh  the  8|^ 
ek  the  bntt»  aid^di«#tH)Er  cart'tothihiigheir^ 

here  w€  occupied  t#0  hb^  \U  cc^i^ag^i^«D^iiybeat^  which 
is  Of  aet^icid%irm,  twelve  feet  broad  at  the  bat^,  and  tte  ihaiiy  in 
liei|rht.'  Within  itwere  deponted  a €n  cylinder*  ^doatiaifiattf^  ^ 
account  of  the  party  who  had  left  it,  andoiie  oT  twd  iilverteid  ^p- 
per  English  oonit.  Thit  nor onument  saky  be  teen  at  teverid  aiUit* 
dittance  from  the  sea  or  land  side;  and,  as  greijt  pains  were  takiein 
by  Mr.  Fisher  in  constructing  It^  It  mi^  probably  last  fin-  $,hiig 
peiAodoi  yearti  ^ 

Baving  now  satitfactca%  d^ttrmir  ^he  -extent  of  M^ti^ille 
Maid  to  t^e  northward  upon  thit  m  n.  Which  oorreiilei^d^ ' 

^r||rn^ai%^  with  that  «f  Winter  Barbour,  and  finitfaed  110 w%e- 
-^uilite  Obiet^^ttions,  I  proposed  {liicirtuing  our  jotmiey  tdwird#^1d»e, 
Bkie  Hills,  which  were  stitt  in  sig^t  at  the  distance  df  seiM^ 
leago«#  to  tht  wet^jurd;  ai^d  Jia¥iiig  ad«Raced  «b  the  aoo^mt 


Ii7 


^in^Miht  to,ifi«%  i^moitoiw  rooii  to  thi  •bi 
yfMlA  «  W.  |i^#ttC^oa»  ill  order  to  ktep  «Pk a  m  ^    _ 

Yerr4lft|rfliiimiiv«KPim<^th      ^  WeM^B-^ 

ocaisi«%Mi^|0!>Mtic«»»it|QO|       u  prodiMtd  by  th« 

A.|j^  on  iiikM  Mibgi9^  m  iN  fof^M^^I* 

tlie  ilrifai,  M  wbiii^  i|«  HmI  y««  in^luicf d  m  our  jopiii|r»  n^ 
mU4^ mm.  MtmuA. fAem  to  % liiiblNUo^l^ of  WMf**^ •»#«»%  m 
W  flitiiolranioft  oiilwpwM  to,ti(w*»bfe.t.iWttaFiMi* « Wa|ri«ilf> 
•iQolffHili^  OtttW  bttvolos  FP^Nt  biiMMNM  appoaciai  ipd  H  ip 
fffPiMrfo  tbi||  ikm^mmmmm^m*^  witbibo  dung  of  tbeto 

mm^mmffPM of Ibem diirios tbo joiinity.  A» tooo m wi.|i4 
Jpii|ti4»  w%<G9imd  tbat  Mr>  Heidff  kmpwck  bad,drqDMd,|)4l  4» 
«|ilt|^bo  bid,:^v«|pirf  t  to  19  hick  to,  look  j^M^w^Am^m^ 
.pv^«ff9  t^cbck»  .bttKpiiio  siMi^ a^Bi^to^^  «M|^^  to 

,|l^||ei^l)^ly,ia)Ie  toMoWwoyiotbb  t««tt*    liat<#eii^^ 
^i%|||||Bi«n^  to  ibeir  |b«  ii4v«i9tM9»^  ind  f v«ii.  iho  p«cftt||||^ 
tmi#ii#nti»»I|Jii^^  a««»  clMiiflMl^cit  tj^oM^ 

d|^  ^Oght  li^  diy  iapvitably  ifoi^i^t 

«b(|u;t;ii9lf  %ttile  dip^t  ^m  tlM,  M%  coiimaBdiiig  iui,o|l!^  vi^ 
f^^Wiii  uUpul  l^4  Ci^  Fliliaf^ jpd  tbo  WM^ 
<^li^%.^^)«Bnr|il^oiii»  »  fhon  bps  mit  «l|tiaii«d|pi4|iiy||uiir^ 

bi^ftt^j^tii^^^p^^  jHf,oi%  biid»  w9:MKf'imm0m 

kfrnM^Bmnimmh  wWcb  ir^w .k|tt«4 by Mtr Fi||w«i ^|I%« 
iRu i^e  oioM» «iid Aif m tboi^Mip o| glial )  m4w!^,imm»m^ 
tbe  firit  time  tii«i  «e«poo,  the  iSiurf/^Miy^ 
^^j^^^^pm^jiirH^^  oeci«r.in  the  Hjiete^e 

lli|||i^4^^<^l^i^4  «t  Wiiiter  Haibpiiir  on  the  ioDoirint^te* 
At  n  q|iiil^.|^  we  jfitiunmsd  our  jotunfy^  ^  utike 

gottth^w<^;ilp»^  i^j^F  crf^  « iffio^^^^iba  ini)o«id»9Uiir- 
tN-  m.  ^idlh,  eiMMing  to  the  set  tothe  nortb«  and  •%£««•  the 
eye  coold  reach  to  Uie  south.  When  wa  had  tmveUcsd  fivj^  milef, 
we  beg^n  to  a«c«n4  Ponsidenibly,.and  wcire  now  entering, upon 
the  91ue  IlUli^  the  higher  pa^ts  0'wh|ch,  however,  were  three  pr 
four  lea»ie«  dii»iani  top!  we«ifard  oC  us. ,  Jtaving  travftUtd 
S.w.b.W^s^ven  nilles,  we  iudtedrat  hall  an  hour  bt%i  nii4ntg^ 
9t  the  4>*^<^t^ol^iill|ip  #r  1^  frop  Ibft  sw»  the;:i^hiw 

being  verycleif  pid  fipoi^  wit|i  n  ^nodfr^itt  jb^enei^om  tm  0k§^3^ 
during  the  lasf  inarcn  we  passed  oyer,  m^cktune^en  girQund,.j(if 
lipiGh  a  gMaf^^deipi  wps^^^»iase|ly  wetr^  m^  wulrH^'t  an4^paiEi 
"tli.f^  grass  her«;|«camo^^i^  and*  interspersedjMIO^ 

ir<^ai^i-»  90Bio^sorrel^b«^9lli«:~to  apke  i«i  f^ppeArance.  glipe  or 


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169 


tUl^t  qttUton  ot^t  taikf  «illiMr«iitly  ctonected  withtlwr 
401(1  whieli  it  reotthtd  otirtitmoat  ^xerdoo  t^-ef«MM»  tnt'il 
kii^r  iliin  ^itriMfiiii  «h«  AtthUe,  flnd  tlir^l^iMr  ^Oii^,  ^ 
tUblwpie  c^iKd  with  a<«ep  and  toft  show^inW^feliiliiMi^^ 
of  dtt  cMt  itti^  Mifr^  to  the  axle,  ip  tha#w4  c<iiad1^f*i^ 
acrosa  t^  what  sail0n  call  »*  a  standing  puU.**^    The  'tfm  t09t  *" 
got  their  tR>wiei:|iirt6l^  we  cohtlniied  our  jomwf  tinillalf 
^tev^n*  to  give  th4m  a  chanCie  of  drying,  tad  then  htfllid^^'^ 
o%lniv«^foiiraiilet^inv8.W*direetl^.*  We  ttM^nHl' 
diwcct>l  aorrilW^iioniisjpirtB  vi  toll  |rafaaf$  itafti*^^ 
ye|H«eiffeihr'^h#^idteof^  ai^^encevviid  liiiUMt  eiitiieViift;^^ 
£«r>tani%0l8iiidtt«^       of  ge^«e  were  all  the  fii^iiig^lfeiitel 
ai^,  hoc  We  paasid  ie#eial  tracle«  and  honta  off  deer.  '      < ''   ^^"^ 
4i4t  faalfwt  two  A.M^^ni'llie  tOA,  woalrach<tlie  tenlivM^1i<M^ 
iiidftd«o  the  mw.,  the  wind  hairhw  got  Itntod  Cc»  the  Sjii^ilfii^ 
coiiiiiiiied  anow.    At  th^  distante  of  two  tnilea  wi<  «Bt«riff  m|i'' 
g^||v#|>I^A^R^ittaea  wMev  which,  with  the  «ieeM^  of  a^pMh 
liiitt  aiid  there,  tHia^iithrtily  covered  '^liflh  attow.    The  «!iie<MM 
|«rti  of  ^ia  jAain  were  so  Wet  as  to  b^  Almdat  iHtfiftailAjle  A^fldle 
Gi|l^  Mid  we  wef««  how  as  desirous  of  kee|«itt{gi  on  Aeanol'"^' 
^HtflbgHtning  6f  OBr:^|il#nef  from  Whiter  Httjboati  w4  hi 
a^0ua  to  avoid  i^  ;  llierphiin  tertniiisled  hytlirnvine,*  on  tl^i 
banltof  which,  finding  good  ground  tor  the  tenta,luid  '  " 
wiler,wO  halted  at «  tjuarter  past  seven,  beittg  in  lidtftoftpiif' 
s#li^  75*  ao*  S4<'v  the  hiitgitttdtf  hy  account  tit*  48' 15^;  '^'^^ 
^^liHeWsesdievcoBtinbedhaxy,  with  ibow  oocaalotli^^ir^ 
cHrtbtia  dried  in  the  sun  umards  noon ;  soon,'iifter  whith,  h 
thefinowhecanie  more  thick  imd  constant,  sc^tliat  we  couhl  i 
i4#  *  him^d  yirds  around  the  tents.    We  wAtsd  fir  soiil« ' 
i#hiipe  of  the  weather  deating,  and  then^  at  a  <|iiarterpaal'fi^^ 
oiitttittued  our  journey;  as  we  were  under  the  b«ceaaliy^liai#i^^|^ 
df^dK#cting;oi]^o«urseenth-ely  by  comtMlSt  which  l»  llMiifif%^  "^^ 
unc(Mte|niuaiddecellftft  guide,  we  madeiHJt  a  slow  and  t$0^ 
gte|8«    Thcf  Wittdfreih'^ied  up  to  a  gaii;lhmfi  the  8.£^;  itiiK' 
we  had  set  otitt,  which  made  it  impoMiiyerfdr  us  ai^il^gll'>li' 
pumtier  our  journey,  and  we  began  to  liii  i^t!  for  a  ip0t'^4^<i^ 
Ihe  ttmts  could  bi  intchet,  so  as  to  aiTord^^  a  djry  fi«ie#ii||ithii 
aiUlir,  during  ^ep^    Having  cf088e<|lthi««^svfaM^«^rt^li 
ittile'  and  ft  quarter.  We  at  length  6att«  to  a  Very  i^  ^t     '  ' 
waainearly  f^tpendletidar  on  eadi  s^^  widr  liitf  li|K>§M 
in^ibme  pmi  80  as  toiaake  iidi^^ 
bank;  We  werritteo^fbrtonate  ih  finding inarbs^i^ 
ol«mw,leadiiig<te#iito'the  bottom  of  thfe  mvihe,  i^hd^l 
aiihded  this' wil#yiiiiet1^^         #e  found  sueh|MV 
ti^d(iterhiine  me  to  lMi^1^«  for  the  night,  which  hoi 
mnm  imd  move  hielt^atii^    lEHi-lioMMA  of  HM  m 

.      r 


:j% 


,*„ 


t'.,s 


I'M 


^■'V- 


r> 


tit  <''l 


.^^^m^ii 


.r^^i^s* 


■^^'^;4;^  ^ 


^|to| 


•'■'"'fep-^sfei-' 


18  of 'ii»  ^SrihL  •  L_i^'  *T*»*^  HthiOi  w^  ia»*..J!!Sr* 


f?l;wff??^ 


^'"'^f'^WTRSJWf'-.sJS!-, 


wr3«t*.  =»*«., 


■jww^ 


""','g''^-' 


M"'- 


fj  1. 


fmr*  <bela«.    ItwM.nccMaify^  therefore,  $»  iii|li% 
Ibtti  it  WW  inip^ible  for  the  b«rt  biiUt  carrinais.r  ^ 

inio  the  nurlnc  oni  HtM'v^fik  tkd^  the  |Ddfl«mJn 
midate.  .  Th«>  iMiflilite  was  thimfeiv  taken  ol^ 
to  the  botlotn,  #liiy»  the  tents  went  fntehc49i^:< 
vli##t  beittg  lilftiirfaRCe  she  cm^mkt^AimH^ 
The  latitude  4»baaf^  h«fe  «al  U'  mm*/^ 
clirbpoapfier^ tU?'  ^'.i<OiKf',  and  the  vMatioiiof  iM 
UlWJjif  a«"  ^Mteily.    Thn  wind  heing  fyfsfh.  mm 
,«nd^tht  ima|hei^hiiiiw»<oldr.fmd  rawfwe.bna^afr 
'o|il|elfAtt^M«.a|lib||il|iie<£(>v  the  uiii4#M^r 
€M!||,af^  a«H^pi«r,ihelPejBplfi  beiiitg  a.gOQd.4^ 

j<>f«i|Msy»v3KW«.4Paii^|iere*n  greataumbor  oC/^i^g^f^'^*  ■'^ 
j^i|Mi»  9MaMii^«n«ir'^bfittin^ 

'    *  ^p;«««M«diiMC«iI»t*^<Miii»)^<^]i^^^ 
^  ,  J4he|igh0aai»-!iriai>it  of  the;caft^li^b|^9#«^#i0|ailMi 
we  «ei».|^di|ia>iniil:e0i8e  of  it  in4:oolung;AjHi^pte9^i^^ 
aiMed^«9  ai|oih^8iiaB|ituQus;.niea^«'^,  .^Itle  i|ot|l9fraap«# 
tlMito  wIlo^Ap^n^Kiiei^ciqpcrien^d  it,to  »QUi|tiii^i|9i|9^ 
aiip^tliiiit^%ifipi'liMluk«H^^  «f«i«e'  Jiiying,^ii^dj|s.*^ 

|^iptKl4^foriK^ioe^,tiiiie,inihiari8^  f^tmate^^  ,11»ii>^* 

I»ili|ei»«d»fl»iMitay^GH».  wl^fih  ,we  pfln(#m  «y  w*  Wipk^i 
*      hacdll«^wn,.whentR|eenQttt;<^il|ilj|J{am^ 
Jqi)l^'our'aningein«#f  with^Dnpeiebto^the 
'  i[##t»ee»«afy  thatf  ac$i  of  mmf^  •»« 
§»;Mm  thfe,  .o$Gei:%^!|>o| 

|.<|l».'4iiten^«h9i!t#l  m  sJf 
^i|hek#|fiB^raiifi«t 

►IBB».;Wf|»  ^  ,_.  

nea#ip^  w>ii!»te  -^e 
of  |N4P99k.f2iive  le.Q^e 
J^IEOe  »pot»  W  fcad  yet^iicen  « < 
kM^iiiicira  iliviidaat  M  ftm«ili 
_   _       .   , ,       >;ittW|«0».  theltered  Wd  fivjr --" 

*|fii|^»,^.M|t^  ftaMo^  fl^  with  i  r^umui^n  » 

|%aii93i4^4M» ;fjB>ig»aft  to  o'clock,  and  »we 


i>^W"»^^^ 


"■  *)P^''^^^R 


fiMttfi^  .      . 


^--& 


ji 


^ 


m' 


/ii 


US 

# 

.«fe.«eU  it  t^  the  we«tvird««iid  tlu»4i.WQuld  iteonte 

rV?^  •»*  ••  the  <lifl«iii«  t(^theji|rpteit«  •hove.mMi. 

J^.?*':?*'*'^^**' •■^^  Ni«  «>ft  upon  the  we, 
ttte  ia«q(l^^ J^qg toned  thi^!e..tD ftfdceed  tplbe 


"•2S*r%*^^*^  ^  ""«•  "» •  M.W.  dimtwuv  we 
ifMi  A.M4«elr  tbe^aottth-eelt  p«rtof.  the  lahmdi  iiMfh 
|4^y  B,y  frlr^  Mr,  Hopper^    mka4mi!rSSt4mbt 


s  J,> 


«ri^4bc»  Utf^Iiiiff  ome  *  iidf  o£  the  ijil^  m  we  kn^jfii 
^minm^,  endowing  it  le  the  mtmmkt^Sat  mota  tban  m*> 

I2f*ff^  ***!!*•****'  *»««»i  «wy«I«to5  iMtee  w»tN«g 
Jtee  ebi^Atfe^wmitt  hw  i«*||gi|||B^^  waters  IpS 

^u^^iet  fer  thit  iniepoiei  w|i«iep^olthe|M«|}r 
^  mJ  *  ^TO^  **  ****  '*^  **'»^  welMSit«dfwk|  <win#ftt 

^SU«Js2£!**?*  •*?^  ^"^P^  five  tc^  •i»»..ai|4M^,the.weit, 

i^^^ma^ttt^  feet  above,  theueem^ead  in  i$mm'm^hmiiilV 

-'  T«'^  M^«iCCM«n(uutai«g  viefr  of  tlui  Mgul^  whtA 

Sr^   J^  en^eof  <he  ig«tfi|o  the^^MN^wiw 

■•-■«P¥^'«ww  h|m-  oiefiuu  jQr^np  ae^T^npii,  ^t^^^^wmm 

lei^m  thai  wi^jhhottirlBiid^Afefiiwfei^iio 

iiHaMr  tP  IM  wettward  df  Caiw  BliM|#a  i 

,M  Jo  nam  the  ^pt^ite  shove  itaa  001.0^1. 
^  tttlfvp  we^hadawppowdvlmt a  pi^iottio 


r«iwKS^i.*fvi 


.sjs^c^y.,,,,  _"*:f^-^«,w;^^(>^^i|ii^,,*j»^gs^..5»««^^ 


in 

gy  ftom  tot  chnttliti' w  d«di  ant, 
22tE2  *»*y*«*#  •'♦"•Mfc 


■.^..^ 


!»■ 


'■."'il^jtlgait; .:  .'<B)y?fr^*^ 


^^te^»..*^|^*4««si«f.^ 


►..fj^^^J^;**;,^-. 


H^Kc 


tmmf\ 


'»' 


:« 


f>*^¥^^i,i^'fi^^       ;]^'^ 


1^— I.«llIl.JHi>*ifcl>llllllllll        tiin..^   ^,:i-..jaf.^.       ,      .      ^J         , 


Jl^^^k>. 


i>,.f^-f 


■^^%*"-?Ww 


fcf-rr  —' 


W^s^i^^^i^^s^is^^ 


~'0frim^. 


^  "    W^wsfffy^'-  * 


u^ 


',«<-;'' 


jig'4>Jjsatf«K'«\^v 


'    4  J 


^.- 


I 


?K 


^ 


^V*i4<,-y^,, 


..K,'  .      .,7' 
''•^i^^^  f^..^(.  >..#^,.};  ^^ 


■«-*i.  ■■»fi^,r,'^i}i(li^iL^' 


'!'=--^%kT'i^.|wss*3^. 


v"-jJ«  «!»»  one  Of  th*  hatcnte^ft 


^ir>,y*«iW 


ey  of  Mi 


,» 


mlitifilflli 
rdtsMiklqr 


1R!w:" 


m 


••v; 


«"*«• '*!?^i.'«^  hot  weiCAw*  «»»«^ 
i^kWghrtwuiidlhrftJ 


^^^g^^y^S! 


:.A*f..*   flVi'T-' 


^-^^*'* 


til,  tiftiiijg^S^^^^ 


«ri 


■■  +>. 


B-' 

■4  ^  -'^^ 

■P-" '/ " 

^^1 

^w^ 

■  V     ,  ^r-i_^ 

M^.L',it.Tit 

'  ^J 

'J^^^^^H 

;.4JH 

'^'iJ.= ' 


-1-1^        ^Jt  -. 


-.-*- 

•H.- 


|ipi(inii»l,|i|ii,i|iWi 


ITtt 


^' 


ti«lik»*» fiMMi^wouUbe  iiMntf  to  ctooiliilict,  but  wiml 

4f  IttttB^willlitt  ft  few  hmidrcd  yw^  oi  th«  hilla,  wh«tt 

:  toMMititt  ihn^l  pieMft  lytng  ••  th«  aurlKtr  with  ■  IMi 

lUKfMliMr,  tlM  tollbfti^gtSU  qaitoiftftdf.    We  hiked 

r^  fiUl«^;|klleii  VeloelB,  living  tnivelkd  eight  miles 

grtwid,'  aadl  with  the  enow  9»  to  our  hneea  in 

16wt.    ;Wfe  net^ith  no  Uving  ftlimalt  dqriag  tiiie 

r,  iaiidll  1BM]^  be  re|iMrfced»  geiyerftlljr,  that  we 

lINkN^Hiiie  <^  ei^iy  kind  more  abundant  near  die  tea 

;;«iiK^p^ithawprth  coaat  of  Mehdl^  likmd,  which  ia 

'  them  eilbeietence.  . 

;of  remiiBiag  hero  till  after  noon  on  the  15lh| 

■»  Ibrideteifalriniag  the  aitilatiooortheTabl»* 

AameNif nwhidk  ift  the  laoMteOMiiieiioiM  objecft  da 

titoiit^aawoll  ae  a  marie  for  the  aacWage  in  the  Biqr 

and  Griper,  dm  neopic  were  employed  eariy  ill  tM 

log  pttimea  to  uie  top  of  it,  where  a  monument  tti 

tiaane  in  breaiidi  at  ite  bate,  wae  erected  by  Mr* 

fiiiiiipMr  ofKiiader,  «^^  of  our  virit, 

this  It.    fei  die  waaatime,  Captain  Sabine  and  myeelf 

iecliii  obtahiing  tho  neceaaary  obiervatione,  by  which 

1^  ihe^MU  was  Ibnadto  be  741^48'  33^  ita  longttida 

'^\maA  ^  ;variatio*of  the  auignetio  needle  ISS*  0»'  30^ 

jbcCcwogieciiaome  account  of  the  minevala  found' 

kooii^  laraH  only  add  on  thia  ant^^ect,.  tthat^  mmomg 

l:ap«^meii|a  now  added  to  our  coUeetioi^  w^a  a 

piroodf  fiMmfll|ttii(B.lbotof  the  wtetemmeit  of  Jba  twb 

and  scfiiiratety  upon  the  aand;    Itaiayih#:iai|ft» 

Het^  iMWiaiialiritowirdB  t|w  aaaibr  any  a|ipiM«» 

^ll^oOng*  but  nothingof  thia  kiadwaa  fin* 

iptct  ^a  cammandingone,  aa  fatto  the  weal* 

jbeafiiigi 

:^^kmitmSfif»  were  completed,  ire  act  off  Jbr.  Win« 

thiiviBgjiliaed  over  much  rich  and  wet  gioiind^ 

iMmi^wmkmom  began  to  put  finth  ita  laa-vea  with 

!|«rfl^oa1|k!««id  at  a^nren  F.il„  hiwifig  bean 'metj 

_     d  iMoit  h<M|^l>r  <itnbat  overy,  oiair:  and  man  .b»* 

:io^ii^lpK^«6f^Jiw^jio  am#.<itiitfan>io»to  aae  to 

^^gg^i^eaikMik  Ai^00^ii^fm9iii0''iimiCi  tm^l^tP'^  appeared 


.  )  'ffr 


in -.1  '"'V'     "Tm"'"  '•-^-'/'^■■■^■■"-''-fj'  ■'  "■■  n*-    iff  ■  |.|||     'Vitt/ilMiiiilliiiB'illliin'iiii  Ii"ii1  ■  'm' r'~Tii 


■;ii*««rS«i!*ifl|S^ij^.r« 


.  •("fS!iM»l^ty*«iV'a*i'ri 


3; ,  ::i0m^^;$^^!^^ 


smmm^f"^-' 


mitf  ■.ftfm".^^ 


^sm^, 


T»^P*J 


IW 


%?■, 


^.•'<*^iiiN»#*' 


* 


\ 


C»AftM  he. 


^fii  '.': 


•>«■:   <.>i'   "      ■!"■*    |?'-t 


iiimMifm  wih^jh  upon  ^  Beth  cmI  fikt  Bmm  hidm  I^JM 

|Alpj|t<JI^«  Iq  <&i  £9w«r  Port  ^  fl^t  jahr>flir--;Stoawilfaii  rflj^ 
madeim.$I^UikrB»(iowr, 

I  HAD  the  liippiwBM  to  ftad,  mt  my  return,  thtt  the  «6|om«  and 
IMS  fai liotli  eliifli^atiotted  t»«nj<i|r  the  ^mt  Mod  hiihii  <Kh«- 
foNV  withiihe  etctyttoo  of  8eoti>  wh»  wai'tiili  the  oal^niB  hi  the 
li^ieWe  Mek4iit,  «i€  whoee  coni|phriBt  eecwed  eoch  ae  t^  htltk 
t¥Wf  iittteiii|K>thit  hid  been  oiede  te  orodinie  a»  ameiidittehlt  A 
ediiitiiif  dil)Meiti{iii  to  ftiMtaif  nd  a  hngtthl  cort  bf  deefinitpBr 
hid  heeoy  l»r  toiie  tiew  peM^  the  aaljr  eifMsCome  wMdl  la#wM 
Mk  E#iriMd»«htMiidBab  iJhe«»ti4M»ihi^ 
iili^elNii«thli«e  tthiidiiidf  neeeeeai^  toilieiMMilnie  in*  a^^tiNi 
io|>eihirfen«oefHiM'frfr  the  week  et^  DurilMtt^ 

abteteee  he  had  beetl  much  worse  than  before,  n6tirithetiii^ii|fllM 
tt«WM«l«ite  and  attention  pikt  to  hhtif  bathe  waino#:te^  i^oci 
hetrnti  M$  had  Hved  ahnoet  entirely  on  die  ptavaiMin  aMd^d^lli» 
i#^»liicli«  ^dBi:»Mit  quantify  had  beenfroetRvd  tn  eetH  dii  eiill' 
aMi  %invhle«oMM  In  bwh  ehipe  abondandy^  and  tone  had  it  illi'^ 
tiiiehieK  iisttedto  any  other  ofioNr  or  man  in  the  elMHlSoii^^  :- 
'*&m  mjikpmm  tit  the-ehipe  hnd  «o«eoa  aatielnctoiilr  dtiite 
li^M«|«nee,  ihllGripe^beinf  neatly  iready  flar  eea,  the  i^eli^ 
^(^ItWlbrirwd,  on  aeco^  hiemf  irwk  with^e  b^hMt^ 

ori»ilioh?ei]tl^«fiii«  tone  had  been bpenght oh  board t«  eon|^ die 
defi^l«iBy  of  liveil^  hi  her  hokte.  The  eorvey  of  the  p^ieiene, 
HiMt  idd  «dier  eieiM  was  completed,  aad  the  quantity  aiid  ^mdi- 
tidll  df  dMi^  wldi^ie  ^ceptioh'of  the  kmon^uice  and  vkiegit* 
before  mentianed^  wei«  found  to  be  eadsfactMy.  Indeed,  tM^ 
whole  of  the  pfDvisieM  was  ascertained  to  be  as  good  as  when  ilt 
CiMe  ontof  stOie,inorethan  twelve  anonths  before,  eicctit  a  siM0 
qnanlity  «f  bi«ad  and  of  sugar  on  die  outside  part  of  a  few  cu^ 
oil  #hieh  a  litthrinoistttre  appeared,  and  which  made  it  eiqpniiaipt 
lottse  thdse  articles  first.  This  evceltent  eute  of  our  pimiilaiia 
iH^lty  independently  of  the  antiseptic  uroperiies  of  ainld'diMif, 
nilGh  h  unlavOHrable  to  fh»  pocess  of  putrelaction  or  thetttenNld- 


.-t"-. 


^^PfiiP^PwP 


J  W^ 
^^v" 


latton  of  Ytniiin,  b«  ntinly  attrlbnttd  to  the  mm  which  had  bmi 
taktn  to  lupply  ut  with  eireiy  articto  of  tht  bttt  Quality,  aadtt 
path  the  whole  hi  itrong,  tli|ht  caakt,  which  wera  at  on«e  Imper. 
vjeoa  to  water,  and  leM  liable  to  danaM  by  accldenta  hi  the  hSd. 
with  mpect  to  veraiin,  I  oMy  here  aiCiitloa,  that  not  a  mouae,  or 
rat,  or  inaagot  of  any  kind,  ever  appeared  on  board*  to  my  know- 
ledge, daring  thii  voyage. 

^  A  veiy  parceptiUe  ehange  had  taken  pUMo  In  the  lee  of  the  har. 
bour  OB  iti  upper  aurftee,  it  being  covered  with  InnuMerabla  poob 

?:?2W  •?**?y  "w^k^'h.  ««««P«  €>«>••  In-ahore,  where  tha  tidea 
bad  lifted  the  ice  eoneiderably  above  the  level  of  the  aea. 

PrtvUniely  to  the  boatinoance  of  the  narrative  of  oecurimeM 
4ilbi^tic^  to  my  ratum  from  the  land-jburney,  It  nay  ha  praper 
to  ttlve  ettme  account  of  the  obMfrva^oni  made  on  board  the  ahipe 
by  Lieotenanti  Liddon  and  Beeehey ,  daring  my  abaenco  Ibm  Win- 
ter Harbbor. 

"^  From  thews  it  appeart,  that  the  fim  red  phahirope,  (i>hiihr90iu 
Ph$i/rmck09)y  and  also  the  fim  ilock  of  tnow-buntlnga  which  had 
been  obeervcd  at  Winter  Harbour  this  season,  were  seen  on  the 
adf^Jnne. . ;  It  is  perhaps  worthy  of  remark  that,  from  eiriit  P.M. 
<m  the  1st,  tiU  midnight  on  the  Id,  being  an  taitarval  of  twtnty- 
eicht  hoars,  the  mercury  In  the  barometer  remaUiad  slMdlllP  it 
tMrtyinchee^  without  vanring  a  single  hundredth.  The  waiAar 
««al«l0Qdy,  and  the  wind  rather  variable,  though  modaraia  from 
dnittonbward  and  westward  during  that  time,  and  two  or  thine 
fino^Aya  succeeded  it,  though  with  some  appearance  occaabniOly 

,/;0§l1|illor,;SnoW.>    ■  .   ■  ■-  ''v.;.  h-?;^,..,,.  ,.  ^.. , 

IT4  •««k  of  twelve  kinf-ducks,  Hying  to  the  north-aaatrtoMliiar 
1^  tfslagbt^raven  and  an  arctic  gull,  made  their  appaaraiMO  on 
the  ad|M#  a  foldan  plover  was  also  killed,  and  a  few  othen  aaaa 
oir^atday»  The  thermometer  rose  in  th4  shade  from  19"  at  * 
Aliit«^i».4fl*/  atnooo,  which  is  one  of  the  greateat  changea  that 
iHiSPfi^eiienced  in  the  course  of  one  day  at  this  part  of  the  scale. 
On  m  4th,  Lieutenant  Liddon  caused  Hi!  Maiasty's  Urth-di^ 
fio^^«onioiemorated  in  the  best  manner  that  the  situation  oi^llia 
shii^  would  permit,  by  hoisting  the  ensigns  and  pendants,  aad^di- 
reeling  foU  allowance  of  provisions  to  be  served  to  the  erewi.  It 
Is  remarkable  that,  at  Winter  Barbour,  the  weather  was  fine,  and 
tile  Wind  moderate  Irom  the  S.S.W.,  during  the  4th,  wMbi  at  a 
few,  l^gues*  distance  to  the  northward,  we  exiierienced  a  hard  gale 
from  the  soutbwM^,  with  continued  sno.r  aad  a  heavy  drift.  On 
»^^*»  the  officers  remarked  a  more  perceptible  thaw  than  before, 
bflth^on  shore  and  on  the  ice,  many  pools  of  water  hav^g  appear* 
adiht^wplaces  on  the  Iscter,  and  the  snow  disappearinglistfiroiA 
JlNtiMidvf  though  no  streams  of  water  were  yetseen^  the  neigh- 
houihood  of  Winter  Hariwur.  FhKjke  of  docks  and  geese  wei« 
from  this  time  seen  almost  daily  for  the  next  six  weeks,  except  ha- 


t^.^.^ 


.    r4 


,ay!S3Mi^:l««vfii^il4i^**Ci^V-  ,■;.-  r^ 


179 


flMdittoljr  abotit  tli«  thipt,  from  which  the  game  of  eveiy  iMirM 
•CMred  Mon  tfter  thtir  arrival  from  the  southward. 

On  the  fth,  LiautenaBt  Liddon  waUied  over  the  ice  to  the  en- 
trance of  the  hariMNVy  wheii  there  wat  not  even  eo  much  altaratlott 
perceptible  at  abont  the  ahipe  { indeed,  every  thing  remained  eiaflM 
If  the  Mune»  to  all  mpearanee^  aa  in  the  middle  otwinter.  At  ftvo 
P.M.,  the  weather  being  hazy,  and  a  light  thewer  of  mow  fallings  J 
n  strongly  {nismatie  n&bow  appeared,  a  phenomenon  of  rare  ocr-  l 
cnrrencein  these  regions ;  it  had,  I  believe,  nothing  abont  itdiffittr- 
•nt  from  those  observed  in  other  climates.  On  the  9th^  the  first 
seal  was  seen,  lying  upon  the  ice }  near  the  mouth  of  the  haibottri 
and  havlnc  a  hole  doae  to  him,  as  usual  f  as  we  never  anir  moilr 
than  one  of  these  animals  here  at  a  time,  and  that  vfrj^rarely^  it 
waa  comnMn  Ibr  us,  whenever  this  did  occur,  to  remark  that  the  . 
aeal  hadlieen  seen,  and  the  same  mode  of  expression  waa  as  nattt*> 
rally  and  more  justly  applied  to  the  bear  seen  in  the  autumn  soon 
af^r  our  arrival  here*  So  few,  indeed,  are  the  l^limala  in  thia 
neighbourhood,  whieh  either  live  in  the  sea,  or  derive  their  subsist- 
ence from  it,  that  it  is  scarcely  poasiUe  that  the  Esquimaux,  who 
depend  chiefly,  if  not  entirely,  upon  them  for  provision,  could  lonjg 
exist  on  the  shores  of  Melville  Island.  About  this  time  aeveru 
mosquitoes  {Cukx  JHpitnt)  were  caught,  but  they  were  never  of 
the;least  annoyance  to  us,  as  is  the  case  on  the  shores  of  iliidi(»n*a 
Bay,  and  in  other  cold  countriea ;  nor,  indeed,  did  I  hear  of  any^ 
of  our  people  havins  once  been  bit  by  them.  The  buds  of  tho 
Sateifra^a  Oppo^t^foka^  and  of  the  dwarf-willow,  were  observed  m 
be  openrag  out  on  the  9th,  and  some  of  the  sorrel  to  be  in  flower} 
a  piMit  wim  a  flower  of  a  lilac  colour,  having  a  veiv  sweet  smell^ 
and  which  we  supposed  to  be  a  Draba,  was  also  observed  to  be 
pushing  out.ito  blossoms  about  this  time ;  but  none  of  these  plants 
were  so  forward  as  the  saxifrage. 

On-  the  11th,  another  instance  occurred  of  a  remarkable  diflWr^ 
enoe  in  the  weather  in  Winter.  Harbour,  and  at  no  great  distance 
tothenorthwardofit,  the  weather  being  described  in  the  Mete- 
oroAngical  Joumala  of  the  ships,  as  very  inclement,  with  s  gale  of 
wind  from  the  westward,  while,  near  Bushnan  Cove  we  enjoyed  « 
clear  and  moderate  day.  Some  hares  were  seen,  for  the  first  tiaii. 
to  the  eaaiward  of  the  ships. 

Some  of  the  officers  returned  on  the  14th«  after  an  excursion  of  \ 
two  days  to  the  eastward,  bringing  with  them  thfee  brent-geeito^  } 
ant  brace  of  ptarmigan,  and  a  goktenplorer,  and  having  seen  s«- 
veral  hares.  .  Mr».Beverly  describee  ll»  soU  upon  the  hiUa  to M: 
composed  of  clay,  and  the. hurge  masaes  of  sandatone  which  iic^ 
frand,  on  the  surface  aa, much  impregnated  with^lron.  Thi  llM? 
i«ln-deerwere  aeen  from  the  ehips  this  day;  and  ItwascoiyeMniid 
l^&e  oiBcen^  from  the  attnatiia  in  which  itoy  were  obserrtd^  aM 


/^ 


'LM'I^VP 


J5»/«|slSv-., 


=;*•; 


} 


180 

fnm  OMir  aettuilE  off  dirMtty  to  the  northwitfd,  thitt  they  had  hmn 

landed  upon  the  itbnd.  ^ 

Beiiig  detirout  of  praeuiiny  as  Miich  game  aa  {Ksiiihle  duriiw 

m  reflMinder  of  the  tioBe  we  intcht  be  declined  itW  to  remain  m 

oar  preaent  inactive  itaie,  ind  finding  Oat  the  ahort  daily  ezcur- 

aiona  which  our  aportamen  wete  enabled  to  make  in  the  uaoal  way, 

did  «o|  trte  them  to  a  sufficient  diatance  from  the  ships  for  this 

pimMO,  I  direetedH  piity  of  offieera  and  asen  to  he  prepared  from 

^h  rhip,  under  Lteufienanti  Beechey  and  iiimpoer,  to  remain  a 

A  ^*  *"''  *^  **  distance  of  ten  or  twelve  litUea  to  aie  eastward 

npul  i^f  atward  of  the  harbour,  and  to  send  in  their  game  whenever 

•ay  ahottid  be  procured.    They  accordingly  loft^  ships  od  the 

«J^»»  0^,}h«  l«tl>»  catrying  widi  them  temsy  blanlets,  fuel^  and 

,tht  sang  aUowanee  of  provisions  as  was iaaued  on hoanL    lieu* 

ta|M  Jifppn«r,  who  Qoatuninded  the  pfciy  ^wMch  went  ^^  dw^ 

•fli^-^i^il,  was  diivcted  earefu%  to  watch  the  iee,  that  any  lipi> 

pMiance  of  its  breaking  up  n^ght  immediately  be  made  knowit  to» 

me.    Captain  Sabine  and  hia  avn  weso  indfefi^gibly  emplMed 

diiimg^^day  ia  pitching  a  labqratory.tear;  havkig  a  mamus* 

w^hin  il,  for  the  rieepHqn  of  the  clocksvit  being  Hi  wifth,  now 

^itf  i^m;  weather  was  ntore  favourable  ftn«  the  puiweae^  to  oecuiw 

^i^'"^  ^ ^^  ^*^®  ^^^'^  "Hght  ekpce  previott^l^  the  sa^M 

<^wW^diliQn,  in  making  a  fresh  series  of  obaervatiom  lor  the 

p»|duliHBa.    At  half  sin  hour  b«fora  nsidnlgfat,  a  tiipfe  n^bnw 

apMaNdf^thft  ottter  ai^di  being  <iuiie  compktei  ahdatioagly  dnged 

Wl|»  the  ptismatic  coldura ;  the  aeoond  iiearly  pai4ocCf  and  die  in- 

ncr  one  being  only  peacepttUe  near  its  easferh  leg^ 

A  fog  in  die  earfy  part  of  the  morning  oif  the  Ifdi,  benit  dis* 

pfPBed  Mr  thf  warntth  of  the  sun,  the  weatherhecpune  fine  atwpka- 

Mpfe    Having  obaeHred  that  ihesorml  was  now  to  fidr  ad>vaaecdi^ 

f^age  as  to  be  easily  gathered  in  aoAcieat  quantity  far  eadog^i 

M#  «nrd^s  thai  two  aftercooos  in  each  week  should  bO  occupied 

r  ^  aH  l^nda  in  cdkcting  the  leaves  of  diis  phint)  each  manhdag 

I  VMuiwd  10  bfittg  invfer  the  preaent,  one  oimce,  to  be  serred  m 

( Ikttdf  the  h»mon.jttiiee,  pkkks,  and  dried  hoha  whieh  had  h«<Ha||«. 

th^  laaued.    Thif  growth  of  the  abnel  waa  Irom  ^ia  tinie^  ae 

qmh  ^m  vMMstjr  of  it  so  great  on  every  part  of  dio  geouiid 

a^t  the  harbour,  that  we  shortly  after  seat  the  nm^oat  eveiir. 

ifMf^lbr  ais  hmi»  or  tnio;  In  whiditime,  bcaides  dm  idvaatiwe 

tC^^^y  «r«ik,  th^  eouHl  widuut  diffiiadiy  pick  nMiriy  apocnd 

tfir^J*?  wldafck  aadaeorbatif,  of  whieh  dwy  wave  ail  ek* 

•""^^  «!*d.  ^4  MTt in^  the  learna  dMa  da^colbeied  ««»ie»vtd 

-iF?^  bilk  i^'iHoBiaaBd  men,  and  eaten. in^aaioaai^a, 

iliS?^  ■*^'  **  ^««if*«V»  or  hotHed  aa  gnseatf  1«  d»^3 

"""^^^  «n«M»«fcr  «ndf3rfmndamly  usiil  titt  we  aaHid 

TyiJWW*  abdiav  three  weaka  afceiv  whtnt***  ais«fc. 

a  of  sending  on  shore  io  proon^ri^  H.    Of  the:  gi^ 


\ 


■Mtmsmt^m^^^^^^^ssitm-- 


•Aett.prodace^  upmi  our  heri^  l^  Ow  5^^  W 
tiimv«vca  whew  l«Mt  to  h«  expctitea»Uttle  <|Dttbtc^^i 


ta  attribute  in  a  greai„aegrec  w  «»«  ud«  w.  m»  ii^— yi  -r-  -^t^'-tt 
8tat»  of  •!»  citiirWUia  Saw  o£  iMM  iR^««W^t  ^IC!S«f* 
at  Ma.  We  feimd  ai«»  a  fisw  wolt  df tcun^^graf a  (<?Wf W«f  'jl 
mHroUt),  bnt  they  ware  too  rare  and  the  kfmit  m  •*W»^.*»«  <» 

Sir.  Wakeliaaa,  witk  •  part]?  firop  the  %W..  JJJSJA 
evening  from  a  ibooting  excur«ion,  having  kiU^,tliawr|»'»ir_^^„ 
we  kalpvoeuM  tlpia  eeaiwi,  whicj^gaye  us  MJtJ  po^  oy^ 
A  eecM^  ■ettH  in  by  Ueutenaot  Beechey  on  toe  •**Hlr- ^"8^*^ 
only  fifty^dio  pouada,  wlien  deaaed,  though  not  of  ^^^^^^ 
size;  but  these  animals  are  eztismely  lean  on  ttteir  Bmm^H 
from  the  swiOh  and  ^ipear  to  tmpcove  in  this  rcspctf  viiy  rapidly 
by  tha  gocHi  IMi^g  th«^  find  npon  thia  islai|d.  ,^ 

By  the  JMt  of  lane  the  land,  in  the  lounedwke  ^pe^boinhaod 
ol  Iha  shipa^  and  *ipeciaUy  m  low  and  •fte»tered^^Hi«p«|i|k^ 
atteheov<i»d  with  t»o  handsome  pur^  ilowar  oflli^  J«^^ 
'-'^lio^^^il^i  was  at  this  dpain  j^at  pyfeetaoti» Jfsd  j^ 
eheeiMuw  w^d  animaibiootb  a  scene  IjtrtiBpirio  min» 


deacn|ia^iNa^>i^it»«Ppe«HU|oe.    The  pep»r  C^^ifMi^. 
cmklmiAammp^im  pUwts,  most  of  «hieb  appc«s«a  w]-.^^ 
duHng  the  mon|b  of  juifr,  aibrded  us  a  decree  of  enioym«tl  «* 
made  a»fi»4»lii»e forget  the  rigooe  of  this  scvevedimate, 

.Wbe  vhi4 iai^ieaiad  to  a  fnsh  gale  £rom  the  north  o«  |||p^ 
oithoSdthyand  «ohtiaiied  to  do  ao  during  the  toiaemin^9muv» 
that€ivml»8riww  hadgwt  di«M»7W>  «epJ*«!»»»«W«^,^*<*»5| 
and  in  apNjt  io|  i^«ry  eaettion  the  canvas  «ame  ui  «fff>  «*•<>* 
thMiH.«idtp«^  it  oot  of  its  place.  Tbe  »r"f»»  f N»  W  » 
wamtOit^hiWte^lWiJi  before,  ware  auwK  disahac||tng|  siKh  ^ 
andtmd  Mtvei^  mto  tko  sea,  as  to  leadar  the  m4«f<«  •■■i»*^'«* 
The  aaddesaeei  w«m^«bi<hthe  changes  «dEe  phico  during^  ihoi* 
ieaaon,  whii^aiirl^  0^(l«u<^^  diinate,  miMt  apn^AiT 

very  sticking  irhi^a  it  is  remembered  that,  for  a  pan  of  »f /wife 
«#hiin  |«m^  ira  Here  ttwiar  the  naon^ii^  ojf  thawing  artificii^ 
the  aoow  whli^'Ve^agMide  osa  of  for  water  duriip^  the  ear*y  PJ<*  •* 
OQfffourn^toMke  Jiamjbww^  «ha»»  d>ww^.^e  aesoad  ^«MJP 
gro«md4wai«  soma  >pB|is  ao  wet  aodawampy^th^  we  c^uW  Wif| 
a^»^tHni#$«»d  thai,  had  waiiot  tatowwdhefora  t^  ead  ^ 
tlm  thM  week,  w^ahaidd  probiWf  have  heea  preveated  dM;  # 
for  aoma  timed^  thi  ippossibiii^  of  eroeaiog  tstuc  nvin«a  ^^l» 
mat  daagw  el  beliiffi^^^f^^  *way  hqf  the  toTReitfs,  ao  i^fmnt 
Sat  lAppeaad  to  ^u^^untpng  paiccifs  on  on«  or  two  oecatioBa*  in 


!»»- 


\'l? 


F^¥Ty^ytffy/_ 


las 


p. 


r 


fc!*  V 


\ 


\ 


gHEl(N^PB||MNl|f  i^tp  nlQrik  ^itb  their  game  to  the, ships.  Lietitenaai 
3w?^|yt*i>tUi  ayiothfrdeer,  being  the  hurgest  of  a  herd  of  fifteen^ 
lffit»i^Nit|Wi|pg  which  it  onlf  furnished  us  with  seventy-eight 
foiinds^^  vi#«ii.    I4eii^ei}ant  Hopfm  that  the  pools 

¥pon  tM  tqppir  Mrface  0  Hnk  ice  to  the  south-west  were  rapidly 
IttCMli^llg  Ml  size  and  winibeF,  but  that  nolndication  of  its  breaking 

iqE^ .hai(rly0''|^pi|IVed»  -    :'.      ; 

C^ihe  9^  at iMir  fM^t  a  thermometer,  in  the  shade  on  board 
^  M##Ui»  stpod  at  5t%  being  the  highest  temperature  we  had  yet 
ii(lgist«iied  this  season.  A  swan  was  seen  by  Mr.  Scallon  on  a  pond 
tp  die  aW.{  this  was,  I  believe,  the  only  bird  of  the  kind  seen 
ctairi&f  our  elay  here,  except  a  jiead  one  which  was  picked  up  on 
Ottr  fiirit  arrind. 

ppi  tl^  9/^  wc  had  frequent  showers  of  snow  which  occur  in 

'  ;dliMlet«iiQM  or  less  at  all  times  of  the  year;  at  this  season, 
ever!ii;'%iieA  the  earth  is  warm,  it  seldom  or  never  lies  on  the 
und  for  a  whole  day  together. 

Cai^a  Sabine,  among  Uie  numerous  difficulties  he  had  to  over- 
come in  coflR^ting  his  series  of  observations  for  the  penduluni, 
was  now  annoyed  by  the  constant  thawing  and  sinking  of  the 
gioui«d,  though  much  jiaii^s  had  been  taken  to  ky  a  soUd.fouiMla- 
tioa  fof  lAie  cfochs  to  stand  upon ;  fortunately,  Jbowever,  no  serione 
incomNmltnce  arose  from  this  new  annoyance.  Lieutenant  Beechi^ 
and  his  people  procured  another  deer,  and  several  hares  ancl  bird^ 
^l^eibx  added  to  the  game  already  received,  aflbrded  a  supply  su& 
|6|fnt,t0  subsfituter  for.  three  days'  regular  allowance,  )vhue  near 
the  ships  scarcely  a  single  bird  could  now  be  precured.  Not 
doubtthi^  ^erefore,  of  the  advantage  of  this  pUn,  I  d^rmincd 
to  c^ft^ue-it  till  near  tiie^time  of  our  sailing,  by  ralievihg  the.  par- 
ties  ii^%  eert^n  number  of  day's  absence.  The  men  were,,  in 
tlMnil^^parHcQlirly  fond  of  these  excursions,  from  wh'^th  they  im 
tl^|ipi^.riturned  in  the  best  possible  health,  though  ^nerallya 
Ktti#;,t&iuier  than  when  tiiey  went  out  As  a  matter  oi  good  poli«- 
cfyit  i|«i:0|ir  enstom  to  cootider  the  heads  and  hearts  of  the  deer 
M  thff  h^M^l  perquisites  of  those  who  killed  them#  wltich  reguk. 
tion  served  to  increase  their  keenness  in  hunting,  while  it  gave  me 
people  tbttjieii^loyed  rather  a  larger  share  otfresh  meat  tiian  those 
wh0  remained  0n  board. 

Xilameiwiit  9eech^,  on  his  return  from  the  eastward  at  midnight 
oniliai|6th,  reported:  that  the  ice  along  shore  in  tiiat  direc& 
amMned  in  a  More  forward-  sute  of  dissolution  than  near  Winter 
Harb<Hur,.there  being  ahnost  water  enough  in,sbme  pkoes  to  aBow 
a^boat  to  pans,  with  several  large  cracks  in  the  ice  Pleading  finom 
the  land  sbme  distance  to  steward;  The  deer  had  n6w  ^come 
m^w^  aaore  wild  ndir  the  tenta,  and  it  was  tiiereliMe  necessaif  to 
Wi^  the  mind  a  Uttie.  Lieutenant  B^chey  «icceede4in  kiiliug 
one  of  tleie  aninab,  by  lying  down  quletly»  and  imitating  tiie 


jj^iiKss^lK^^itli&sttXttSi 


■  riy-  t'^n 


'■f'^^^-m^;- ■  ^-   ,::h^i^iiffQ.r^; 


V    -fe: 


113 


*'  '  -ti. 


yoiee  of  a  fawn,  When  the  deer  immedhitely  camis  Up  li.W«i  wi^ia 

fin-Bhot.    The  honis  of  the  deer,  kUled  a»  ihit  M^iii^«fcMr. 
ither  remarks,  were  «*  covered  with  a  toft^tkin,  "^^^l^^Pft? 
pile  or  hair  upon  it;  the  home  themaelvea  wer«  lofti  i«d;i|?y»i 
tipi  flexible  and  eawly  broken."    The  foxea,  of  wWl*  ^^S^  i 
several,  **  had  a  bkck  spot,  or  patch,  on  eatll  si^  of  ^a^ftpl* 
quarters  or  hams."    Lieutenant  Beechey  rM6rtidi'  iHtobt  that  'tuia 
of  the  H-scla^s  quarter-masters,  wll6  belonged  tohb  P*^«>^«!^ 
with  the  crown-bone  of  a  whale  at  the  diitanee  of  '%mm,mft^  im 
sea,  and  considerably  above  ita  present  leveL  ,  Anot»^|W*«l»- 
sequently  found  in  a simiUr  situation,  m6re  UmamM^mi 
of  the  harbour*  and  nearly  buried  in  Uta  ewtife»  iJlii|i|»'1( 
frozen  around  it.    Two  hesdbindsy  to  the  eaftwuraif:  Aii;   ^ 
near  the  station  which  Lieutenant  BeeclMf  Htfd  ciil^iW 
tents,  and  for  the  position  of  which  he  had  dbtained^liMjl;^ng^M|( 
his  late  excursion,  were  named  aftjer  Messrs.  Kalseaiia^ikMliMI. 
On  the'aOth,  one  of  the  men,  in  returning  on  boMUrd*  ff^W^ 
daily  occupation  of  gathering  sorrel,  found  in  H  IMeiiifjMiii  Wite 
a  smaU  fish,  which  appeared  to  be  of  ^  iiAm^tfjSl^ullA  <m 
going  to  examine  the  place  where  it  was  ^cM'wMfV  J^NnMs 
and  myself  found  two  others  exactly  similar.    Ai  m#jWlsn 
no  communication  between '  the  sea  sind  the  tt^N^'',  *(t  ' 
ice,  sufficiently  large  to  admit  these  fiih,  tt  beeadif 
question  in  what  manner  they  had  got  into  dkri^ifuittilMi  l|',^^ 
we  found  them.    It  appeared  most  likely  that  li^^wMMt^ifoiim^ 
the  surface  of  the  water  at  the  beginnhig  of  wililMr  ^«lt«i»  Jiir'mt 
first  commenced,  and  perhaps,  therefore,  had  heeh  iMffii|i  di^ 
dead.     We  remarked  that  wh(enever  any  hard,  sitbiMao(i;-WWi 
iqx>n  the  ice  in  small  quantities,  it  soon  aiake|  a  de^hole  lo^Hpu^ 
^  the  heat  it  lOMorbs  and  radiates,  by  which  the  iee  •l<oniiA(:ir» 
melted.    There  were  at  this  time  upon  the  ice  lnlnlme#abl^^lirtbfl 
of  thia  kind,  some  forming;  small,  and  othcira  lafge  jpnnla  <»f'#Mi 
and  in  every  one  of  these,  without  exception;  aowe  iQttrttiej»«il>  lib- 
atancet  such  as  sea«-weed,  sand^  and  not  unfreqiienjtfy  «'  n«l«lb^««f 
BQudlntttrid  shrimps  were  found.    In  one  6^«hMe>h0lea  lli^lilh 
alluded  to  were  found.     It  was  curious  to  see' how  il^ree^  eoii* 
tiary  was  the  effect  produced  upon  the  ice  by*  onantity  of  aiNnr 
whieh  was  pot  out  upon  it  in  the  early  part  6f  May^  Md  whtiil^ 
by  preventing  the  access  of  warmth,  had  now  beciHOttermsed  ilwfvn 
the  general  surfoce  more  than  two  feet ;  aflbrdibg  astrongiHridiiMl 
example  of  the  principle  on  which  straw  is  made  use  M^ift^;  ifi^- 
housei,  and  what  was  at  that  time  of  mere  ittpiertaniee  t^'tma'^^k 
pr^  how  much  the  upper  surface  of  the  ice  had  been  itf>f  ii||tly 
wasted  by  dissolution.  js^y<^  ;¥• 

Lieutenant  Hoppner  returned^  on  the  evening  of  the  $fltt^livl|ii 
his  hunting  excursion  to  the  south-west,  brittgmg  -  whlihHpiliii . 
game»  and  what  was  to  u»  mueh  more  acceptable,  the  wellflM*  ift- 


^^vi 


^^^mSmmih^' 


Ww^    w 


,ijAitiitMlfi'jmVMii^^di^:S'*iMii^:JI^^M'^t 


Ty^YVi  "^^''e  l^f 


I* 
1^. 


m 


.sf 


fygmmim  Hwmm  ic»  ipfcd  bees  observtsd  ita  moltoaai  dit  offii««i 
lii«  mlk  im  iHeeiMiltrrtt  Wfp  fine  obMired  by  Messrs.  gkttte 
«ild#^/idb^im  t)f  liie^^  Hopimer's  {Mftjr,  and  who  iwrD 
«indteiii9L  v^  t  iMidgiiiidiiii;  iMite^  wfiicil»  as  they  had  soon  «ho 
.,^|l^  ^^  «^e«lioned  by  the  heavy  fidd^ke  scttiiig 
^  ^mtlmHi  at  the  distance  of  five  orilcs  from  the  land^ 
of  *  mile  m  hour.  The  wind  was  at 
;  on,  the  ^ceding  day  at  had  btown  a  frelh 

i 

l^ewise  Reported  that  he  had,  in  the  course 

(^t  widi  a  ladce  between  foar  and  five  asiles 

lllMiMkd  at  the  dbtaace  of  twelve  or  fourtetn 

tHe  eimvneti  of  Winter  Haitenr*  and  four 

ii&a  was  atUI  froacen  over,  fant,  from  the 

^  abearance  9i  being  de^ ;  and  it  ia| 

Mr^Eile  had  fallen  in  with,  at  the  tiiae 

lember  t819»  and  of  the  situation  of  which 

'-  €]^  at^ eatislaeMry  account* '  '':^-:'.'>  :^■^^.'i^ 

liisi^  wffliam  Scott^  of  whose  comphunt  I  have 

^qH»ak,  had  become  ^uite  delifiona,  and  «oidd 

^  ^  ltt!6e«    Mr*  Edwards  was  at  imt  in  hopes 

li^l^fcA.^  8<H9Be  temportfy  canst,  boi  was  afttiwafda 

Itfi^tiinldid,  kt  every  respect,  a  state  of  ibsoUilfe 

|lb|nii|l^ne|Ht|  and  this  Minion  waa  ecibse^iienil^ 

•|p|i»i|Rii^^        which  only  now^oune  toioiir 

i€nact<Miiit'wi$be  given  in  another  pteefe., 

,%il  h4fl  b0#ii  ippadnalh^  gromag  waaM, 

^"^  he^iraapo  ^ibadiNnisted^thai  AfiEb 

te jtttvlye  thnof^shilllc  nigbt.i  i Aa«^ 

onased  by  that  %eirilraiiw^^^ 

^tx  any  clodiea  oa^  iie  hid  bisadiad 

pain^   .A^itwa»|n»periiddcwn^ 

body  ahoidd  be;ti>ened,ii«i»nlhstaitad^ 

aanaen  enti^rttan  wffkMXiStAM  pHuBtiee^aaul 

he  as  well  to  overconp^  mofevf  sa<|itaa^ 

.^^oanpUed  with  Mr.  KdwiivdaVi«l|papal 

iMwection^    "Bio  msadt  was  attiiiliD* 

^  ^^ ,    en  u  whose  clliarga  this  un£»rtiaiiiCe 

$  ind,  Imay  be  perrnktedtback  to  asyactf 

aibit :  l^ed  his^  death  to  have  been  iteinedipM# 

a  mi^  which,  perhaps,  no  skUl  apr  attetetiol|canld 

any^filmtei  or  under  ai^y  circtaanstancei^  <Bidhavin|r 

£6iibi^dnWidioarpresentpecidiar«itai«ioni^^^ 

^the  leHrice  in  wIMch  we  were  ca^igiBd*    Astlda'^aae 

I rotily  fmk  one  daring ^  y^ymig^^Silhi^ykwmaif 

)iny  before  nndartahen,  ai  mort^  pan^dcclair  acttiiint  of 

faihqpl,  bt  teontidered  tininllicsilag;  wldi  tida  mir, 


# 


191 


therefore,  as  well  as  from  an  anxiouji;  desire  to  do  ji^stice  lo 
the  skill  and  humane  attention  dismayed,  biy  the  me,4ical.  o^ceirs 
during  the  whole  course  of  thispoor  mi^Viwess,  I  have  i'«<iue|^* 
ed  Mr.  £d wards  to  furnish  me  with  i^  dej^i|ed  statement  of  hi%. 
caae>  and  of  the  treatment  adopted,  which  wili.he  ifoun4,  in  the? 
Appendix.  ',',;,   "/ "    .:      "",'.,,',,, 

For  the  last  two  pr  three  d^yii,  the  spring-tideji,  ^^idi  had.l^en 
unusually  high,  overflowe4^^th;e  iceiiffi^,tlfe  jbeacb^sp  as  ,tof||iflikf  U, 
diaSculttoJahd  nea^high^flpr^teff.    (ftthe  genera|§pp^a^<^^;t^^ 
ice  of  the  har^r*  ther^  j|*r^  i^p  y^fry  ipescepi^le^  |l^^al|^J|J^o^^ 
day  to  day,  thb^g(|  the^ampgjprpcquj  was  certainly  ^linf  im  f  ^v 
g-cat  rapidity  attljis  pflrio^.    Il^iesffi^r^ho  reUeyefjXi^fflMWi^ 
lloppner,  iq;Co#npaDd.of  t^ejliUating  B^^y  to  t|»e.sf;^utlAWftit»  re^^ 
ceived  strict  muunctfpns^tp  «ratch.  thejqf;  cpus^ntly^  s^djlq  i^fjki^;, 
an  Mnmediate  report  ^ffnyappewapicepfppep  water,  ;infi|Kd^.^ 
tion*    For  the  Ifst  four;  or  five  dayi^  in  JigAevWe  b|4  e^per{^£^. 
naorc  of  southerly, wmf^>  *S«^  *»?^^i^*!«U¥^a*«  J^TO»^^^ 
cloudy,  with  a  good  d«al  of  smtdl  rain,,and.now  ^d^eji^a^lit^, 
snow  ;  the  genein^  tismperaitiire  pf  the  aii^^ 
pleasant  and  comfortable  to  bur  feelings,  'as  well  as  favpj^ca|W|pj 
the  dissolution  of  the  jce,  for  whi<ch  |iii(e.were|S0  finxioi^;|v  loo);M|g.^ 

One  of  Mr.  Nias>  i^irqif  arrived/coi^tb^  eastward  oi|  jjif  i)*9|9ing^ 
of  the  ist  of  July ,  witl^  a  g^itsuppl^fjo/^l^esi  idlicks^i^l^iTsr 
gans  {he  had  seen  ^bovck  fifty  de^i^im^th^ee  .^m  but^ti|3^.  *^^i 
too  wild  to  allow  the  party  tpjget  neff  thim,  iii  acpuntiy^  w4th^«^ 
the  smallest  cover  pf  any  kind.    Anodier  fish  ,wa|  pici^^^%  to^^^^ 

pB^Sunday  the  2d  of  July,  after  dm^eaervici^W^ 
formed,  the  body  of  the.  deceased  w^ft  cpnA^mtted  to  the  earth,  pn^** 
level  piece  of  ground  about  a  hun^^ci  Xi^rc^s  fwna  tbe  bea<|l;^jii|i|^! 
every  solemnity  which  the  occasip|i^manclej|^  and  tl;u^  circum- 
stances of  our  situafjon  would  permj^.  |  The. ensigns  and,  pen^amsj 
were  lowered  hali^tnast  during  tbe  p^esspj^,  and  the  re^iS^ 
our  unfortunate  shipmate  i^ere  att^iu^d  tatlie  ^rave  by  every  offi« 
cer  and  man  in  both  ships.  To  the  pjsrformance  of  this  last  ^els^i- 
choly  duty,  under  any  circumstances,  sufficiently  imp^essiv^  the 
peculiarity  of  the  scene  around  us,  and  of  the  circumst^ces  m 
which  we  were  placed,  could  not  fail  to  impart  an  additional  fcfelC 
ing  of  awful  solemnity,  jwhich  it  is  more  easy  to  imagine  than  to 
describe.     A  neat  tomb-stone  was  afterwards  placed  at  the  Head  pf 
the  grave  by  Mr.  Fisher,  who  carved  upon  it  the  name  of  tl^e  de- 
ceased with  the  other  usual  information. 

A  herd  of  fourteen  deer  bein^  seen  near  the  ships,  a  party  ifks 
despatched  in  pursuit  of  thenti,  with  pur  customary  Want  of  success, 
It  being  almost  impossible  to  approach  them  in  so  open  anjd  exfips- 
ed  *  country,  sp  that  these  excursions  generally  ended  in  a  chase 

■■       ^-   Bb         -     ■     ■  ^■-.-.?«^=.- 


\Pi 


I 


,.„^,.,„  ,,:,,,  .,' 


iW 


l>^ 


f-Wi»»Y 


b$hrmimtjmiik^^'^'  de^i-  {  toiki«  good  dogs  would,  i^erftlfift 

^  rlH^;flt^  Stlvft«vifk|#«ti  dtt^bdii^  our  bower  ancHoh  and  cabDs* 
fmk  ille  beiekv^n  iijithp  ^f  %t  diipculty  we  should  have  found 
iil*^i«fOvb|'tbeik  aner  the  i^  bigin  to  break  u^,  each  ship  placed 
two  atream  fncbors  on  shore  wit|i  hawsers  from  the  bow  and  qtiar- 
,lim4ii<3pdK«fl  ittiiasftof  aay  ioddeii  mbtionof  the  ice,  the  pools 
jA^ik!^^  iiirtBlf^ed  verf  pierceptibty  both  in  depth  and  t%- 

im  ^i^M^titr  dibf*  -'U  bbldiAg  into  th«se  immIs,  it  always  ap. 
si$^i^«)iii|^tfa«^^#^^^  Wei^  falling  info  tfaimi 

•i|tr^'#|^'M4  tti^^4^  Jttid  sW%#i,t!ie  thartllo- 

mm^^  Mb  ^e  movitiiM  a  reii  to  4r;  Oh  th^  m 

|^ii;^llii»^,itst6ieid  for  threi^  hours  fh»ili  Htf  to  sr,  with  * 

liill^¥  fWmi  the  iit^Ward,  fccoinpaiiie^  |)y  cloudy  weftthei^; 

ai|t  :$i  thi  itftiernooiil  <)^  the  two  foMowfng  <!b}fs,  the  wind  being 

'^''     K^tlfc  the  atiisipiitihere  emtiihiid  foir  som<;  tiifne  at  the  teih^ 

iMciltttkii  of ihiB  m  df  ^e  haboufWint  on  «o  hipidly'lti 
iM'^M  pih  orl^,  ihiti^e  #ere  gteady  forpris^,  ^  the  6th, 
ift  fitilii^idlat  itt'^veril  of  the  poob  of  ^ater,  on  its  upper  stir. 
$mi  li<ili|li  w^  Wished  ddte  through  to  the  it^a  ben<^th.  CM  ex- 
ipajii»i^><|r«^  of  tlM^  lib'  attnge  ttiiiclcftels  bf 

tMlWiK^  ttp|»i>  piH<^  #B  feMiboar  wheb  tnb  ships  #ei«  lyfng, 
d#^  ^ik^^  i^  feet,  whi!i;h  #as  inuch  less  than  We  had  atay  idea 
<^i  '^iTb^Ntfds  the  ibbulh  df  the  tettbour,  howeH^,  Where  die  witer 
Wkldeib^^b  jiM  )hM  iMide  appepfniiie  W  ibtftf  a#s 

tmtm^''  ft  imiiihei^  Ke,fe#iia^d,  thit  hriiU  cases  we  found 
'%I^M<^tl^#ed«iff1i^^^     up  in  the  shodeit  lister,  in 


ImI^;  I  biipi^,'  ^f  |M6««aier  facaity#fth  which  the 
^4  sman%&1^Rp  m  lc(^e  <^%e  sek,  iOisiMrd 

h3iit^4  the  heat  of  the  si^i'r^s ;  aiid,  ^  it  is  M  stich  iituSiioiis^ 

thither  JKeberally  fi^^es  the  Hrst,  this  eircunistMiee  sediis  a 
t^iarialile  vtataii<^  of  the  prdvisio^  of  i^^ 
«  bdiTiifee  fit  the  quaiiti^  <^ice  ite^y  fbrtt|ed  atid  dlsadt^i,  at 
aM'(««Vent  any  undue  <#  e«tr^<:d!tiai7  aecuinulitidik  6f  ft  lit  l^jr 
pirt'«fl4)e.l^olar  regions  of  ^e  earth.  In  conse^ue^e  of  this 
tlti;iin^tani:e,  we  were  now  enabled,  for  the  first  time,  to  bring 
ooi'  bdvta  down  to  the  beach,  so  as  to  allow  theni  to  Qb|t  11^ 
high  water,  in  order  to  prevent  their  being  split  by  the  sUii,  /«^hile 
H^ery  iMher  part  of  the  harbour^  ekcep^  dtuS  stettr  di<i  sh^,  we 
M  ^Mt  $be  means  of  doing  sb  ttU  some  days  afterWirdS.  A'itiSilg 
d^  iaemks,  ahio,  which  Watiii^  eet^bjrs  In  tlAise  r^otsb  i^'dts- 
a^Hf^  during  the  thoit  summer,  the  ice  whlcli  his  biieti  forvibd 
\ipon  the  sea  by  the  cold  of  winter*  there  appears  t&  be  none  oitn-e 


If^f^m^^^^^^^^^ 


m 

cftc«ci9Ut  than  |h«jijiinierout  tUtfiM  of  w$m  Pfp^W^ 
melting  of  the  toow  upon  the  landk  and  which,  for  ij^i^ 
)fMt  six  or  Mven  weeu,  typM^  in  the  cUn^te  of  ^e|yiM> . 
are  constantly,  discharging  themsclyes  into  the  pceaiji*  pi^^^ 
count, it  wwid  appear  nroba^le^ that  hiph  }w^  ii|inpr«  ^yia^ 
iQ  the  dissolution  and disperaion 9f  tjlie  ice  n^ iMsboref  thf^ 
which  is  Ibwerf  because  it  supplies  a  nevep;-c^ing;jfli9ii|r;  !<>*>  w^te| 
during  the  whole  of  the  thawing  peason.  ftiirMt^^^imf^  4i# 
of  Sejptcmher,  |81ft«  we  found  t^  streaif  in  FofiMc^m^h  m,i^»r 
charging  a  torrent  of  water  into  the  aea>  i^i4ll^c'F  ^<W  j9<^%99l)W 
enough  reninining  on  the  lafid  to  keep  ^t^  ta»^  f^b^jm^tji^tim^^ 
it  should  be  arrested  by  the  lirost  oJF  winter  f,:wWfi^  ^.m 
islands,  which  are  venr  k>w,  coni|»arati,velv  w^tlf  tl^,,)^ 
Possession  Bay,  or  in  Sir  Jaaae'a  t»ancaster  a  fo'Ww,  ye ;  i'ounay\ 
the  same  season,  in  1819,  and  much  bef/i^re.tlfe  thawjipy  ^4  |nifbr 
ed,  that  tliey  were  completely  free  fr^m  vfO*^*  the  i«f fnes  f^^Ms^ 
dry,  and  the  ,y hole  face  of  me  isUm^  pmih^  ^a  ^racked,  i^lfh 
ditottght,  as  )i,t)V!Vi»  !i*4  ^on  no  poiatjaceapon  t^e  PH^e  fdli.wit 
grouM:;for aofne tiine.  .  ,'.),■    •"■'•",-,  .v-  •,  .'.■,    ■ -^ ■,..;;> 

On  unhanjipng  ^e  rudders,  9n4  J^PuUng  Ihefn  up  oil  the  Im 
for  examination,  we  found  theoiia  goo^^i^ol  >MfI$^  f^ff^jP^I^H^ 
by  the  blows  they  fcwl  i^ceiyed  d^airin|  the  tipe  ttejjliiflb  f^fi?*''- 
set  at  thecntyaiic^  of  Dayis*  ftM|f..  Wfl  P)iiP|L?>N»4%*^^^^^  i" 
der«cases  in  both  ships  hl4  beett^fi^d|iM^  smau,  ojp 
siderable  difficulty  in  getting  the  ruddem  down  plicin  ?eorki^>^| 
circumstance  ^  no  meaiit  dUadvantageoui  (perhf^  ini^eo,,fa||i^ 
tho  contvpyj  on^inary  perviee  at  sea,  but  f  hic^  shmilaJ^.cfifpr 
fnUy  nvoif^d  in  sjiipf  intended  for  the  navigatic^  9xi^>^  tjc^t  #f»ji^ 
i»  frequent|)r  iM^cies^^  the  rudder  at  f  fhoi^,  nc^^^  m 

^er  to  pt!es«rf e  itlhom  iijuty;  as  onr  future  el^eiice^^i^iMl 
to  lea^h  us.    T^s  lault  waf^  hop^eyer,  s^n  'Kttafii^f^^4^-1^ 
tndflerf  jg^  hm^  in  readinem  $i^  sea.    Ahout  ,41^  l^hi  <# 
^^^^flocks  of  toomt  occlsionally  made  their  app^ri^ce,  |i^va^i|^%  j||r. 

*    »i«  qii^SSAt  b«Nf^  aver  tt^  r^rtp^.  anf  my^  **np 

of  iralspr  w^a^  1  haye  heipl^  deici^d  as  Otfciuting  hext  the  beach, 
at  if  lQO)ung<QWt  for|ood>. 

|pn|^#|othe^^ 
wJ^pi^jiMdla yeiy  leiOiffid^  a^teratioi^|ii t^^ ice,  nii^l'^git 
of  a  blui  i^bi^  uroyor  t|^  _^^ 

QuaMMir  of  the  holes  in  a  miich  greater  degree  thandKrJMig  thje 
same  'Mrf$  <ff  f»l  ot^ier  perUid;    Uti  Jt^eid^  |^ho  ceturi|e4  oP  w^ 
lOt^  mm  m  niii|ting?«xeuraiQ^  to  the  soutb^iteAt,  rej^r^ 
ever»  ibat  he  hi^  no^  daring  tus  al»Knce,  peiteeped  the  ice  to,, 
ip  jp^on,  nor  was  mere  any  percepdble,  4t«mion  in  the  #i^i 
piasa  upoia  the  coii9t,fiee|>tJn  the  incresM  of  tk#n^ 
''~^-  it«  «ad  in  the  breadtili  of  the  Uttle  channel  ^tween  the'  ice  ji^ 
This  chanlifl,  if  so  it  maybe  called,  vrh^n^he  4epth  fiis 


I '   'I 


1. , 


fr 


M 


I  i 


not  jret  Aufllcienito  tfoit  OQe  of  our  whale-boitSf  was  from  forty  to 
tSxy  yw^'^i  <*id«  in  the  part  of  the  harbour  next  us*  but  much  more 
on  ihie'  northern  and  elitern  tittea,  where  the  shoal-water  extend^ 
to  fi  gfreater  distance  from  the  shore.    We  were  in  hopes  that  the^ 
apring  tides,  which  took  place  abbut  the  llth,  would  have  been  ser* 
viceable  in  breaking  up  ttie  ice»  #h'ich'now  be^n  to  approach  that 
state  of  rottehness,  as  the  sailors  term  it,  which  made  it  danger- 
ous t6  walk  across  the  pools,  as  we  had  hitherlio  been  accustomed 
to  do,  to  avoid  the  trpuble  of  ffoihs  'round.    No  sensible  alteratioil 
was'  produced,  hon^ever,  by  the  'highest  tide  ;  probably  in  conse- 
queiicc  df  the  ice  being  already  so  completely  detached  from  the  ' 
Miore,  as  tO'  allow  it  to  rise  freely,  and  without  resistance  of  any 
kiodVli^Mry  other  floating  body  {  the  height  and  velocity  of  the 
iides  are  htiire^'  h(id|6'ed,  soimiiU,  that  it  was  not  reasonable  to  ex- 
pect much  frbm  them  in' this  way .' ' 

On  the  14th  a  boat  pttsstd,  for  the  first  time,  between  the  ships 
and  the  shore,  \p  cotisequtence  of  the  junction  of  a  number  of  the 
ix)ol8  and' nodes  in  the  ice,  and  on  the  fbllowing  day  the  same  kind 
of  communication  was  practicable  between  the'  ships.  It  now  be- 
came neceukty,  therefore,  to  provide  aeainst  the  possibility  of  the 
ships  bdn'g  forcejd  onshore  bvthe  total  disruption  of  the  ice  be- 
tiiredathem'ihd' the  beach,  and  the  pressure  of  that  without,  by  let- 
tiiig  gb)  a  bdwier-anchor  underfoot,  which  was  accprdingly  done  as 
ibon  jii^  there  WM  a  hole  in  the  ice  under  th^  ^;ows  of  each,  suffi«> 
ciently  large  to*&llow  the  anchors  to  pass  through.  We  had  now 
been  qiiite  ready  for  sea  for  some  days ;  aAd  a  regular  andtmxious 
lobk-i^nit  was  kept  from  the  crow's  pest  for  any  alteration  in  the 
state  of  thi^  ice,  which  mighi  favour  obr  departure  i^^iinn' Winter 
Harboifi(r»'  ih  which  it  now  became  ^ore  thdn  probable  that  We  were 
di$stiAli^  t6  bi^  d<>taihed  thus  inactively  fot*  a  part  of  each  month  in 
tfi^eH^ql^^^evr,  as  we^ad  reidhtd  it  in  the  latter  part  of  Septem- 
beir,  l|ifj|%«re  likely  to  be  pTe Vended  leaving  it  tilt  after  the  cbm- 
niiiniiiAeht  of  Avigi^t. '  '         '',*'•■ 

On  the  16th  of  Tuly*  the  streams  of  water  in  the  ravines  were 
once  tiiore  passable  with  great  case,'^nd  the  snovr  had' entirely  dis- 
appeared, except  on  the  9idfs  of  those  ravines,  and  in  other  hol<' 
lows  wliere  it  had  formed  cbnsid'ilra^M'ilHfts  s  t6  that  thie  appear- 
^ncfe.of  the  land  was  mibhihe'idmil  mw  as-when  we  ftrst  made 
the  islands  In  the  lattilr  piiirt  of  Atigust  the  pit-ejredttag^  yean  The 
walks  which  our  people  were  enabieil'!to  ttike  at  this  period^;  when 
the  'fc^Mher  was  really  mild  afid  pieiisant,  atad  to  our  teeHngs  quite 
ds:  w^rfii  as  the  summer  of  any  other  climate^  together  with  the 
lilfcuriatus  living  afforded  by  our  hunting  parties,  and  by  theabun- 
djtuat  supply  of  sorrel  which  was  dways  at  command^  were'^be 
^eans  of  compl&tely  eradicating  any  seeds  of  scurvy  which  might 
have  been  iurkin||^  in  t^e  constiftutions  of  the  officers  and  men,  who 
weire  now,  I  be^eve,  In  as  good  health,  and  certainly  in  as  good 


jis*2S 


169 


spirits,  u  when  the  Expedition  left  Engliil[d.  GratifyAi|nUi  this 
fact  could  not  but  be  to  me,  ii  was  impossible  to  contemphite  with- 
out pain  the  probability,  now  too  evident,  that  the  shortnew  of  the 
approaching  season  of  operations  would  not  admit  of  that  de^e 
of  success  in  the  prosecution  of  the  main  object  of  our  enterpritv, 
which  might  otherwise  have  been  reasonably  anticipated  in  settinfl 
but  from  our  present  advanced  station  with  two  ships  in  such  per- 
fect condition,  and  with  crews  so  zealous  in  the  cause  in  which  we 
were  engaged.' 

From  six  A.M.  till  six  P.M.  on  the  irth,  the  thermometer  stood 
generally  from  55'  to  60" ;  the  latter  temperature  being  the  highest 
which  appeared  in  the  Hecla's  Meteorological  Joamftl  during  this 
summer.  It  will  readily  be  conceived  how  pleasant  such  a  temper 
rature  must  have  been  to  our  feelings  after  the  severe  winter  which 
immediately  preceded  it.  The  month  of  July'is,  indeedt  the  only 
one  which  can  be  called' at  all  comfortable  in  the  climate  of  MeU 
ville  Island. 

On  the  18th  I  rowed  round  the  harbour  in  a  boat,  in  order  to 
take  the  soundings  as  far  as  the  ice  would  permit ;  when  it  was 
worthy  of  remark  how  exactly  the  extent  of  the  clear  water  between 
the  ice  and  the  shore  corresponded  with  its  depth,  it  biting  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  on  the  north-eastern  side  of  the  harbour, 
where  the  deepest  water  was  from  eight  to  ten  feet ;  while  on  the 
western  side,  where  we  found  two  fathdftis,  the  passage  for  the 
boat  did  not  exceed  forty  or  fifty  yards  in  width.  This  channel 
was  almost  daily  becoming  wider,  especially  after  a  strong  breeze 
from'any  quarter  causing  a  ripple  on  the  sea,  by  which  the  edge  of 
the  ice  was  constantly  ixrashed  and  rapidly  dissolved.  My  inten- 
tion, therefore,  at  this  time  was,  carefully:  to  Watch  the  increasing 
breadth  of  this  opi^n  water ;  and,  whenever  a  depth  of  three  fa- 
thdn^s  cbUld  be  {builds  to  warp  the  ships  through  it  along-shore,  as 
the  tmty  means  which  appeaitd  likely  to  be  allowed  us  of  com- 
mencing our  summer's  navigation. 

On  the  20th,  there  being  a  Strong  breeze  from  the  N.N.E.,  with 
fog  and  rain,  all  feivourable  to  the  dispersibn  of  the  ice,  that  part  of 
it'which,  was  immediately  around  the  Hecla,  and  from  which  she 
h^d'tieefi  artificially  detaehed  so  long  before,  at  length  separated 
into  pl<^ces;  and  floated  away ;  carryings  with  it  the  collection  of 
ashfcs  and  other  rubbish  which  had  been  atcumula'ting  for  the  last 
ten  months  ;  so  that  the  ship  Was  now  once  more  fairly  riding  at 
anchor,  but  with  the  ice  still  occupying  the  whole  bf  the  centreof 
the  harbour,  and  within  a  few  yards  of  her  bows  :  the  Gt'iper  had 
been  set  free  in  a  similar  manner  a  few  days  before.  But  it'iiha 
only  in  tbsit  parted  the  harbour  where  the  ships  were  lying  .that 
the  ice  bad  yet  separated  in  this  manner  at  so  great  a  distance'  from 
the  shore }  a  circumst  ncfe  probably  occasioned  by  the  greater  iradi- 
ation  of  heat  from         ships,  and  from  the  materials  of  various 


190 


fc 


kiodt  which  we  had  oecttioB  to  depoth  ufcn  the  ice  diving  the 
time  oi  our  equipment. 

Lieutcmmt  Liddon  accompaBied  me  in  a  boat  down  the  weat 
•here  of  the  harboor,  to  the  sottthern  point  of  the  entrance,  in  order 
to  MMmd  along  the  edge  of  the  ice,  where  we  found  from  seven  to 
ifteen  feet  water  :  the  ice  about  the  entrance  appeared  ttill  very 
■olid  and  compact,  and  not  a  single  hole  was  at  this  time  noticed 
through  any  crt  the  poola  upon  ito  surface,  except  one  which  was 
made  by  a  seal,  and  which  discovered  the  thicknem  of  the  ice  tp 
be  there  between  two  atid  three  leet. 

Mr.  Draley,  with  a  hunting  party,  returned  late  at  night  without 
success,  having  lost  his  way  in  a  thick  fog,  that  hung  over  the  land 
at  intervab  during  the  di^,  a  circumstance  which  did  not  often 
occur  while  the  ships  remained  in  harbour :  we  frcquentiy,  how.- 
ever,  especially  in  die  month  of  July*  perceived  heavy  fog*banks 
covering  the  horizon  in  the  offing,  while  the  weather  was  perfecUy 
clear  near  the  shore. 

On  the  21st,  Mr.  Fife  returned  from  our  hunting  sution  twelve 
or  fourteen  miles  to  the  south-west,  and  reported  ttiat  the  appear- 
ance of  the  ice  in  that  quarter  was  much  the  same  as  in  Winter 
Harbour,  except  that  the  space  between  the  ice  and  the  land  was 
in  most  |Mtrts  not  so  broad. 

There  was  a  fresh  breeze  firam  the  north-eastward,  with  fine 
clear  weather,  on  the  SSd,  which  made  the  Heda  swing  round  into 
twenty  feet,  water  astern ;  and  the  ice,  beinff  now  moveable  in  the 
harbour,  caiUe  home- towards  the  shore  wim  this  wind,  but  not  so 
much  as  to  put  way  considerable  Mrain  on  the  cable  of  either  ships 
and  the  holding-ground  being  esceUentt  theret  was  nothing  to  4ipr 
prehend  for  tiieir  securit]^  ->     r  ,ff 

During  a  walk  which  I  took  to  the  southward  this  day  for  the 
purpose  of  examiuiag  the  ice  near  the  mouth  (^  the  harbour,  I  was 
glad  to  find  l^at  a  quantity  of  it  had  lately  been  forced  up  on  the 
reef,  by  the  pressure  of  the  external  ice,  a  proof  that  it  had  some 
room  in  which  to  acquire  motion,  and  which  encouraged  a  lu^ 
that  when  the  wind  should  blow  directly  off  the  land,  it  might  dnft 
the  ice  aufficientiyfrom  the  shore  to  afford  us  a  navigable  channel 
to  the  westward.  I,  therefore,  went  damn  in  a  boat  in  tiie  after^ 
nomi,  to  aee  if  any  tiling  could  be  done,  but  found  the  shore  so 
losded  with  turoken  ice  wnkh  a  north-east  wind  had  first  separated 
mad  then  drifted  upon  the  beach,  that  I  could  not  get  so  far  as  the 
south  pcunt  of  tiie  entrance. 

A  flesh  gate  which  blew  from  the  northward,  on  the  moming 
of  the  SSd,  caused  a  great  alteration  in  the  appearance  of  the  ice 
near  tiie  ships,  but  none  whatever  in  that  in  tiie  offing,  or  at  the 
mouth  of  the  hwrbour,  except  tiiat  the  shores  were  tlMre  more  eo- 
cund>ered  th«i  before,  owing  to  the  quanti^  of  pieces  which  were 
separated  and  driven  down  from  the  northward,  eo  that  pur  small 


191 

bMt  could  ndK  Mcceed  in  getting  aloDg  the  ihore.  The  Mrlh 
shore  of  the  hai^ur  wm  now,  however,  to  dtar  m  to  iMl|lc«  Bt 
to  send  Lieutenant  Beechey  with  two  bonii  to  bmil  the  leine,  in 
the  hope  of  catching  tome  such  fiih  as  we  had  some  time  agp  fiiaBd 
upon  the  ice.  Our  fishennen,  however,  had  little  succeie,  haviimp 
brought  on  board  only  three  imaU  fish,  which  were  all  that  w«|» 
fotmd  in  the  net. 

Ota  the  Uth,  the  taila  were  bent,  in  rendineie  for  our  etatth^  at 
a  moment's  notice^  though,  it  must  be  eonleeted,  tliat  the  OMmvo 
for  doing  so  was  to  make  some  show  of  moving,  rather  than  anf 
expectation  which  I  dared  to  entertain  of  soon  escaping  firott  oiir 
long  and  tedious  confinement  i  for  it  was  impossible  to  ceneeal 
from  the  men  the  painful  fkct,  that,  in  eight  or  nine  we^&s  from 
this  period,  die  navigable  season  must  unavoidably  come  to  a  con* 
elusion. 

I  went  away  in  a  boat  eaily  on  the  ihortttiig  o^  the  95tb«  in  or- 
der to  sound  the  harbour,  in  tflose  parts  where  the  ice  would  adtnit 
the  boat,  with  a  view  to  take  advanjtage  of  the  first  favdittable 
change  which  might  present  itself.  The  vdod  htviiif  coitt^  roiind 
to  the  southward  in  the  afternoon^  caused  the  sepatauoit  df  a  lar«e 
portion  of  ice  on  the  northern  side  of  tkat  which  flow  oMo^kd  tM 
Harbour,  and  the  detached  pieces  dtifting  down  toward!  tts^  nnK 
dered  It  necessary  to  be  on  our  guard  list  the  ships  shoidd  bb 
forced  from  their  anchorage.  On  thie  accMMt^  as  well  as  frwh  ti^ 
anxious  and  impatient  desire  to  make  a  Miove*  however  triflin#^ 
fitom  a  spot  in  which  we  had  now  unwiUins^  but  linavoldrib^ 
passed  nearly  «ten  months,  and  of  which  we  hM  long  been  heaiftfl|^ 
tired,  I  directed  lines  to  be  run  out  for  the  purpose  of  Watpittg  th^ 
ships  along  the  ice  in  the  centre  of  the  harbour,  and  at  hatf'pail  two 
P.M ;,  the  anchors  were  weighed.  As  soon  a*  a  strain  was  put 
upon  the  littesf  however,  we  found  that  the  ice  to  which  they  were 
attached  came  home  open  us,  instead  of  the  ships  being  drawn  out 
to  the  southward,  and  We  were,  therefore,  obliged  to  have  recourse 
td  the  liedge-anehors,  which  we  could  scarcely  find  rb<^  to  drop, 
on  account  of  the  ckneness  of  the  ice.  Having  warped  a  little  way 
out  ftom  the  shore,  into  five  fathoma  and  a  half,  it  wafs  foond  iili^ 
possible  to  proceed  any  finther  without  a  change  of  wind,  and  the 
anchors  were,  therefore,  dropped  till  sudi  a  change  should  tike 
place.  In  the  course  of  the  evenin^g  all  the  loose  ice  drifted  past 
us  to  the  northward,  loading  that  shore  of  the  harbour  with  idnu* 
merable  fragments  of  It,  and  leaving  a  considerable  space  of  clear 
water  along  ahore  to  the  southward.  Our  hunting  parties  #ere 
now  recalled,  and  returned  on  board  in  good  health  in  the  course 
of  this  and  the  following  day;  having  supplied  us,  durins  the 
whole  time  which  this  mode  had  been  adopted,  with  a  quantity  of 
game  sufficient  to  substittrte  for  more  than  one  mtMith's  established 
proportion  of  meat  on  board. both  ships.    Their  succem  had  of 


L 


19» 

U^t  liowever,  btcomc  very  iodiflerent,  u  thty  had  not  i««n  a  detr 
fpf  MV«ral  days,  and  the  birds  were  grown  extremely  thy.  A 
bfrjl  9f  seven  pufk-ox^n  had  lately  been  mat  with  to  the  south* 

wfit,,: 

,  ,P|i  the  rooming  of  the  36th,  it  wat  nearly  calm^  with  eontinuc4f 
rii9  and  thick  weather }  and  there  being  now  a  ipacf  of  clear  wa^ 
ter  for  nearly  three-ouartert  of  a  mile  to  the  southward  of  ui*  wa 
tn^\  advanuge  of  a  breeze  which  sprung  up  from  the  northward 
to  wcighf  at  nine  A.M.,  and  run  down  at  far  as  the  ict  would  pcr^^ 
n>it,  ^  then  dropped  our  anchors  in  the  best  births  we  could  s«<-' 
lei^f,  Cloif  t^the  edge  of  U,  with  the  intention  of  advancing  step, 
by  itfp,  a*  it  continued  to  separate  by  piece-meal.   The  ica  acros»f 
the  fntrf^lca  of  ihe  hiurbour  as  far  at  this  spot,  and  tha  whole  of 
that  ii^.  the  offing,  of  which  we  had  here  a  commanding  view  from 
the  Hecla*s  crow't>ne8t,  was  still  quite  continuous  and  unbroken,^ 
with  ,f^9  jame  app«aranca«f  solidity  as  it  had  during  the  middla 
off^^ryO^epttliat  the  pools  of  water  were  numerous  upon  ita 

,,pn  th#.97th,  the  weather  was  dear  and  fine  with  a  strong  and^ 
rai^h{er,.qRl4>  wind  from  ^he  W.N.W.,  the  thermometer  not  beings 
hj^iir, thfn^r  during!  the  day*    The  general  temperature  of  th*f 
attno8|^re  had,  indc(<^,  bftCpre  this  time,  begun  very  sensibly  to] 
decr^f^,  and  from  thi|j)fr|ftd  the  thermometer  seldom  stood  so, 
high  il#  4(y*  in;  the  shadf  iurii^g  the  rest  of  the  summer.    Soma 
showvrs  pC  alfct  and  snpw  prevented  our  sending  the  people  on 
sboff  to  picJc  iprrel,  as  they  had  been  accustomed  to  do  for  soma 
If  e^kfpait  jc  ^js  valuable  plant  was  now  on  the  decline,  the  leavaa 
b<sginninjB.t0  wither,  and  hinving  much  less  of  that  acid  taste,  which, 
cpjMtitutes  itf  principal  valine. 

;t;Pnthe  mnmii^g  of  the  28th,  the  wind,  having  shifted  to  the 
sou^W«r4>  WM  found  to  set  the  jce  (close  to  the  edge  of  whichf^^^ 
thpI|i|c)ia;hM  Anchored)  against  the  cable,  putting  some  strain  upon 
it  in  ad^tiom  to  that  of  the  ship.  We  veered*  therefore,  to  thirty 
fathoms,  to  enable  the  anchor  to  hold  ^he  better,  and  ranged  tha 
o;:her  cM>ie.  At  half-pas<t  eight  A.M.  I  rowed  along-shore  to  tha 
sPifthward  in  a  boat  as  far  as  the  ice  would  allow  us  to  go,  which, 
howe[ver,  WAS  not  a  8^n£;le  yard  beyond  where  Lieutenant  Liddon 
and  Myself  had  gbne,  with  almost  equal  facilttv,  eight  days  before. 
I  than  landed,  and  walked  about  two  miles  to  the  southward,  where 
I  haid  a  clear  view  for  several  miles  in  that  direction.  The  space 
between  the  ice  and  the  land  between  the  entrance  of  Winter  ^ar- 
bour and  Cape  Heame  was  so  snuill  that  a  boat  could  not  possibly 
have  gone  that  distance,  even  if  the  passage  out  of  the  harbour  had 
been  clear.  The  only  appearance  of  the  breakitig  up  of  the  ice 
cqnaisted  ina  quantity  of  it  having  been  recently  pressed  up  into 
hummocks  in  some  places  near  the  beach:  but,  upon  the  whole,  I 
was  compelled  to  admit,  in  my  own  mind,  that  there  never  was  a 


iW 


M*  which  appMnd  leM  aavigahlc.  On  my  Mtan*  I  ptietivt4  Alt 
oiff  ptople  weM'bwv  in  the  boats,  and  fouiid  when  I  90I  oil  Ml4» 
that  tha  Haela  had  bean  forced  bf  the  ice  Into  ihirteea  6ii4ii» 
abalt,  the  wholr^body  having  coma  home  upon  the  eablai  §»■§ i|l 
drag  the  aachori  l«ieutenant  Bceehey  had,  with  great  plomptwljli, 
cut  a  bight  0r  dock  in  the  ice,  and  dropped  the  kedoe  in  the  iMUNhI 
olte,  by  which  miarti  he  had,  before  mv  retom  on  board,  ilicia«di», 
ed,i»  Mtting  the  aiiip  once  more  into  four  fothomt  i  and  thi  imll 
bowar^efaig  thanth^vn  npiche  waa  hauled laut  into  scvMllliMpiiii 
and  the  other  anchor  letgo,  after  which  wa  lay  qv^ta  aMarfly^/lil 
wind Traihening  up  strong  from  the  westward  at  night*  wmlpiq^ 
thaka  at  a  aum^ant  distance  from  us. 

On  the  99tb,  Lieutenant  Liddoo  had  aent  me  wnid  iSift  thi 
di^r,  which  Imd  taken  her  birth  to  tha  southward  of  onf^^iii 
niMnamuch  more  secure  situation  than  that  from  which  ^ 
Heda  had  just  escaped,  the  ice  pressing  forcibly  upon  her  cibN  at 
tioMs,  so  aa  to  endanger  her  being  forced  on  shore  by  it*  Lieuia- 
nant  Liddon  vary  prudently,  therefore,  unshii^' htk  ruddfr*  «ild 
otherwise  preparM  his  ship  in  the  best  manherhe  could  for  taking 
the  beach,  which  is  here  tolerably  bold,  and  quite  solt-aad  iiuddy. 
Happily,  however,  the  westerlv  wind,  whieb  skonl|^  iAir  ttftrntg 
'up4  prevented  any  accident  of  uiis  nature. 

Many  of  the  pools  of  wfcter  upon  the  ice  ware  sUght^^tflik  09^ 
durinrthe  night  of  the  30th»  whid^  had  seldam  been  thfcisf  j^ 
several  wet  \»  befbre,  but  which  nuw^teok  pisiee  almoft  evepy  p||||| 
for  the  rect  of  the  season,  as  soon  as  the  sto  had  becOAtt  K^  .M 
three  P.1II.  another  large  portion  of  the  Ice  neat  os  detaci»cd:lt|l|r 
from  the  matn-bodjr^  and  floated  away  to  die  eastward,  ki^mi'^ 
a  space  of  three  or  four  hundred  yards  in  extent  clear  «n  nipA' 
th#ihip,  of  which  eircumstanc^;  we  immediately  took  adfiii|tift'^ 
weigh  the  anchor^  and  shift  our  birth  forther  from  the  ihore. 

'  TM  wind  «ontintted  fresh  from  the  W.S.W.,  and  nt  hal^jpit 
ievafi  P.M.  i%asiitformed  Ih^  Mir.  Palioer  thM  a  iC^MMritibn  oflw 
ice  had  jttlt^tiken  puce  in  the  dffinl^'whfeh,  on  goUt^iiHb  the 
-crow*e  nest,  I  found  to  conslet  of  a  nine  df  clear  water,  nnirow 
andvnot  ifttogcther  cohtfnuous,  1ttn|j^  in  a  direction  ne«r^  pamttel 
to  that  of  the  «»ait,  «bd  ibout  thr«Ni  mifils'  dtiiiiit  froii&  it;  bci^ 
probab^  the  boundaiir  of  the  last'  winter's  ite.  Prom  the  outer 
poiat  Of  the  reef  of  Winter  Hirbdiirli  cnscli^  coinmenced^  and  <ouId 
be  traced,  it  inte^Ndirtill  it  apiwenred  lo  j«in  the  line  of  aeparatic^ 
before  diesci^Nsd ;  ttie  tee  acrCis  die  tnoltth  of  tKe  harbour  remain* 
ed  perfec^^»&|>aetand  ithbr^len^lo  that  We  could  still  do  noUi- 
ing  but  WitiAi^^^^t«%fes|i^  the  operation  which  seemed  atlen^h 
'to^hi^  oi^aiiiiiMld'ii  i^^ 

i1iewindbito|iB^etm^8^^^  night  of  the  sist^  serv- 

ed t9  dose  the  laiie  of  wiiir  which  had  appeared  in  thf  oSiag  the 

B-b    . 


«  »i 


'Mi 


i 

/i  \ 


.-ixj:m^ 


A>f 


rf      \. 


"J-     \h. 


M-'i 


I'l 


194 

t}i«^)tfiiogday,^hiclt  we  conbldersd  a  favourable  ctrcumttance^  at 
sbe^ihg  that  the  eiteintd  masa  of  ice  was  in  motion.  In  the  course 
of  the  day,  the  wind  ehifting  to  the  W.N:,W.i  #e  once  more  dia^ 
«0Vired  a  amall  opening  between  the  old  and  yonng  floes,  and  at 
deVati  P.M.,  the  whole  body  of  the  iee  in  the  harbour  was  pjer- 
tel^d  to  be  moving  slowly  out  to  the  south*eaatWard>  breaking 
ai^y,  for  the  first  time; at  the  points  which  form* the  entrance  of 
l^ma^tir.  This  sUddeU  and  Uneiqpedted  ehange  rendering  it 
tt^libl^  that  we  shouM  at  length  be  released^  I  sent  to  Gaptain 
ftbi«^i%hohad  beeU  desirous  of  continuhig  his  observations  on 
tlie  betid^lum  %6  the  last  moment,  to  requeat  l|e  w^uld  have^^ihe 
clocks  ready  for  embarlcation  at  an  early  bofUrin>  the  momingw^ 

I  f&iMllred  Lieutenant  Liddon  with  inatrudtionsfot  his  future 
glAd^fr  dl^g  the  ensuing  season  of  operation^  ippoiiittng  alad 
cd^tafo  pliccft  €|re«^2VoU8,  to  focilitate  our  meetings  if|  caaei^ 
Imtv^daBe  fl^para^^  during  that  period.  I  sent  ahio  on  boam 
the  Griper^  in  com^iaitee  with  nty  Instructtona  on  that  head^  a 
Chan  of  our  late  discuverics,  ttogether  with  a  duplicate  copy  of 
e**ry  document  of  interest  relating  to  the  Eijiediaon. 

The  latitude  of  the  anchorkgfe  in  Winter  Harbour^  by  th^  ttifeaU 
ofthirty-nine  meridian  altitudes,  is    i    ^     H*  4r  i9".S6  N. 
/  Th«  longitiide>  by  the  mean  of  six  hundjf^ 
md  nine^-two  sets  of  (^Mervations,  constat*  ^ 

vm  of  six  thousand  eight  hiuidred  and  sixty-  ; 

^lunardisttmceii    -    -    -    -    -    .    -     110'48'a9".2W^   ; 

the  dip  of  the  lilagnette  needle      -    -      ««'4a*  «. 

ThevariatiUtt    --    -    -    -    .    -    -    iar47'50"     E-^  - - 

The  mejm  time  6f  high  water/on  the  full  and  change  days  of  the 
mojon         .    .    .    i    .    «    .    .    .    ..  1  hom- 29  minutes^ 
*  ("May  -      i  8  feet  6|  inchear* 

The  mean  rise  of  ttie  tides   -  I  Tuna  -      -  2    „   7 

jtjuly  -      -2   „   8* 


*■     -.J^j^j^lti^.  2ntfeigfe>*^t#viiL4^'^^.  1 1 


CHAPTPB  X, 


\   V? 


Leave  Winter  Harbeur-^FlaUering  Appearance  iff  the  8ea  ta  thi 
Weetwari'-mopped  (y  tike  Jbe  near  Cape  Ba^-^^urtker  Frogrfte 
to  the  longitude  ^iis*48'  aii";B,  being  the  metemtnoet  Mridian 
hitherto  reached  in  the  F<ifar  Sea,  to  the  JVbrf  A  0/  JtMrim-^ 
Banke^el£mddieem)ered'--'JhereaaedBxteniandMHmiemkm 
MetH-Metntn  to  the  Maetwardtto  endeavour  to  penetrate  tike  m^ 
Hke  Southward^Bieevoery  ef  aewroL  lalande^Berenter  Barrtn^e 
etraiitandSarveifite  Booth  Coaet^PaeB  trough  ^rjamee  £a# 
eeutet*§  Soandt  on  our  Betum  to  England. 


"tHE  wip4  stiU  b^^lng  fresh  from  the  noftl^wsird  ^nd  ^estward^ 
thfi-^cecoxitiQuedtq^^ft  pi|t  slowly  irom  the  har^^^ur^  tiUt  at  eiaht 
4^1|^,fli5t|lie|s(t  of  '4Mgust,  it  b»4  i^^t  thtt  whole  9pae^i)ei^(cep  ^e 
fl^llipaQd  Capgiff^iiie  completely  clear,  and  at  eleyien  o'dodle  t^|:r^ 
flppf^are^  tq  be  irater  rpund  the  hur^pnpcks  of  ice  which  lie  a^ircniad 
<^|E^  pqint.  |n  ilfie  mesin  time,  qi^^  boats  were  ei]^p|pyed  m  ei%> 
bsuri^^ng  tjbe  i^lppks,  tents,  apd  observatory^  while  I  squpded  t|ie 
f^tP^ce  of  the  harbour,  in  order  to  co|n)plete  the  survey,  which  np 
(C^pc^unity  Jiad  oftered  of  doins  before  this  time.  At  one  P.M4 
havjii:^  got  every  t^ng  op  board,  and  the  ice  appearing  to  be  jt|il 
leaving  the  shore,  we  welghe^^  and  ran  out  of  Winter  Hai^qyir,  J^ 
^||ti^|i  ,^e  ha4  actually,  as  Kf^cl  some  time  before  been  preoii^ea, 
pi|99<Ed  tep  whole  months,  and  a  part  of  the  two  reipaining  b|iei^ 
Septeii^hj^  apd  August.  The  mind  is  always  ap^uous,  howexrerj, 
io  find  soipe  gropnd  of  encouragement  and  hope  for  attaining;  tl^ 
object  of  its.purauijt,  and  i^e  did  not  fail  to  remember,  on  this  joi^t 
casipn,  that's^ort  as  oiu:  season  of  navigation  must  of  necessity  be, 
we  wer^  about  to  begin  that  season  on  the  anniversary  of  the  day 
on  which  we  had  conimenced  our  discoveries  from  the  enibrapce  <^ 
dir  James  ^Lancaster's  Sound  westward*  in  the  precedipg  year ;  an^ 
that  if  we  were  favpure4  with  the  same  degree  of  spccess  during 
t}if  same  period  j^s  before,  there  could  be  little  doubt  of  the  eyepr 
tual  accomplishment  of  our  enterprise. 

In  running  along  shore  towards  Cape  Heamey  generally  at  the 
distapce  of  half'a  mile  from  the  land,  we  had  froip  ten  to  si^tei^ 
fathoms' water*  apd  roupded  the  huinmocks  off  the  point  ip  sii^ 
and  a  half  fa^oms  by  three  P.lii;.  As  we  opened  the  point,  itWif 
pleasing  to  see  that  the  coast  to  the  westward  of  it  was  more  clear 
of  ice,  (eief  ptihg  the  Ipose  piepes  which  lay  scattered  about  ip 
evtiy  direction*  but  which  would  not  very  materially  have  ipoped- 


t       *1 


ii&te 


'jM&V.^ii^t^  -* 


''^J^i^'SatH  L  -Ti^t 


i^i-.'^immm^'i 


ilie  lUivicpiUoa  with  a  fair  windO  than  it  had  been  when  we  firat 

'ved  off  It,  a  month  later  in  the  foregoing  year  j  the  main  ice 
laving  been  blown  off  by  the  late  wtrsterly  and  north-westerly 
winds,  to  the  distance  of  four  or  five  miles  from  the  shore,  which, 
Irpm  all  we  have  seen  on  this  part  of  the  coast,  appears  to  be  ita 
VMipst  limiti.  The  navigable  channel,  with  a  beating  wind  be- 
tween the  ice  and  the  land,  waa  here  from  one  to  .two>  or  tw« 
sSAlea  and  a  half  in  width,  and  this  seemed,  from  the  mast-head, 
te^  continue  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reath  along-shore  to  the  west- 
ward. 

We  found,  the  wind  much  more  westerly  after,  we  rounded  the 
point,  which  made  our  progress  slow  and  tedious.;  the  m«re  so, 
as  we  had  every  minute  to  luff  for  one  piece  of  ice,  and  to  bear  up 
foV.ftOQthei*)  by  which  much  ground  was  unavoidably  lost.    We 
also  found  the  ships  to  be  considerably  impeded  by  a  tide  or  cur- 
rent setting  to  the  eastward,  which,  as  it  slackened  about  seven  in 
the  evening,  I  considered  to  be  the  flood,  the  time  of  high  water 
at  Winter  Harbour  this  day  beii^g  about  half-past  seven.    After  a 
vety  few  Ujcks,  we  had  the  mortification  to  perceive,  that  the  Gri- 
|)er  sailed  and  worked  much  worse  than  before,  notwithstanding 
ever^p-  endeavour  which  Lieutenant  Liddon  had  been  anxiously 
making  during  hei:  re-equipment,  to  improve  those  quidities  in 
which  she  had  been  found  deficient.    She  missed  stays  several 
times  in  the  course  of  the  evening,  with  smooth  water,  and  a  fine 
working  breeze ;  and,  by  midnight,  the  H^cla  had  gained  eight 
miles  to  windward  of  her,  which  obliged  me  to  heave-to,  notwith- 
atanding  the  increased  width  of  the  navigable  channel^  the  weather 
liaving  become  hazy,  so  as  ta  endanger  our  parting  company. 
'    At  three  A.M.,  on  the  2d,  the  Griper  having  joined usf  we ^ag^in 
made  sail  to  the  westward.    As,  however,  I  could  not  but  consider 
that  her  bad  sailing  had  already  lost  us  a  distance  of  at  least  seven 
Ihiles  in  the  first  day  after  our  leaving  harbour;  and,  as  it  was  evi- 
d<6nt  that  luch  detention  must,  if  continued,  absolutely  preclude 
the  possibility  of  accomplishing  the  main  object  of  the  expedition, 
I  addressed  a  letter  to  Lieutenant  Liddon,  desiring  to  be  made 
acquainted  with  all  the  circumstances  of  the  Griper'a  incapacity, 
that  immediate  steps  might  be  taken,  either  for  improving  her 
trim  by  any  means  in  our  power,  or,  in  the  event  of  failing  to  do 
SO,  for  removing  her  crew  and  provisions  to  the  Hecla,  and  prose- 
cuting the  voyage  in  that  ship  singly. 

During  the  whole  forenoon  of  the  2d,  we  observed  a  well-defined 
tine  of  ripple,  at  the  distance  of  two  or  three  miles  from  the  land, 
ftid  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  edge  of  the  ice,  running  parallel 
to  the  shore.  We  tried  the  current  about  noon,  by  the  small  boat 
moored  to  the  bottom,  on  each  side  of  this  ripple ;  and  found  that 
outside,  or^to  the  southward  of  it,  it  was  running  to  the  eastward 
at  the  rate  of  one  mile  per  hour,  while  within  it  no  current  was 


M^tcfc^a^^sa.aiffiJ'iS 


..J^itikin*''"*'^'ilM^i!mt^ , 


^^mi-i 


m 

perceptiUe.    Our  latitude,  at  noon,  by  an  indillel^  «iilr(^<»D, 
^traa  74°  36'  33'^  and  the  longitude  by  account  110*  i»9^j  bifl^*lb 
forty-nine  fathoms  water,  on  a  bottom  of  bhie  clay.  :  J^^  ^' 

Soon  after  noon,  a  breeze  sprung  up  frbm  die  S.S;W.,*''#iii|i 
being  rather  upbn  the  shdre,  made  it  likely  thilt  the  ice  wouMttti 
.  begin  to  close  k;  we,  therefore,  be^n  to  look  out  for  a  situii§| 
iKrhere  die  ships  might  be  secured  in-shore,  behind  somd  of  #b 
heavy-gprounded  ice,  which  had  so  often  before  afibrded  Us  ^i^ilr 
under  similar  circumsunees.  Atone  o*clock,  we  pfcrciivtil't^ 
a  heavy  floe  had  already  closed  complete^  in  with  the  land;  atii 
point  a  litde  to  the  westward  of  Us,  preventing  aU^hopi^df  farther 
progress  for  the  present  in  that  direction^  A  boatwa8Vtii|^l^» 
sent  to  examine  the  ice  inshore,  and  a  favourable  |^c^^iiili% 
been  found  for  oUr  purpose,  the  ships  weM  hauled  in,^iud'ii<iur^ 
tlt«re»  the  GriperVbbw  resting  on  the  beilcb,  in  order  t6aiI6#  the 
j^ecla  to  lie  in  security  without  her.  >lth\n  place  wa« so COmpletdy 
sheltered  from  the  access  of  the  main  body  of  the  ice,  that  Ite^ 
to  think  seriously  of  taking  advantage  of  this  situation  to  #emo^e 
the  Griper's  crew  on  board  the  Hecla,  and  had  consulted  the  ol^ 
eers  upon  the  subject.  The  circumstances,  however,  whi^hji^b" 
sequently  occurred,  rendering  such  a  measure  inexpedietit,beiltie 
no  longer  necessary  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  object  in  vie#, 
1>y  which  alone  it  could  be  justified,  I  was  induced  to  give  it  up, 
adopting  the  best  means  in  our  power  to  remedy  the  evil  in  avx^ 
tion.'-'  ^  ■  .  '^  --;■;;'', 

The  beach  near  which  we  were  lying  is  so  bold,  that  in  standiti^ 
off-and^on  in  the  afternoon,  in  more  than  one  part,  we  bad/lFN^Ift 
seven  to  ten  fathoms  at  two  hundred  yards  from  the  shotv';  ^ 
-which  distance,  from  the  confidence  we  had  acquired  in  tll«  i|^- 
larity  of  the  soundings,  we  had  no  hesits^tion  in  standing  i»^i^ik 
as  there  was  occasion  to  do  so,  and  always  without  a^y  appar%t 
risk.  So  perfectly  fl-ee  from  danger,  indeed,  is  the  whole  of  this 
cotet,  as  lon^  as  the  hand-leads  are  kept  going,  that  it  has  ol^ 
occurred  tome  9^  not  improbable,  that  the  annual  motion  of  U^ 
and  heavy  masses  of  ice  may  in  some  degree  prevent  the  accuttiu- 
lationof  sandy  shoals  near  the  shore,  where  local  circumstances 
might  otherwise  t^nd  to  produce  them,  as  in  other  seas. 

Shortly  after  our  anchoring,  the  Griper*s  people  heard  the  gro^4 
mg  of  a  bear  among  the  ice  near  them,  but  the  animal  did  not  a|r* 
pear;  and  this  was  the  only  instance  of  our  meeting  with  a  bclU't 
during  our  stay  at  Melville  Island,  except  that  which  foUowed  -" 
of  our  men  to  the  ships,  soon  after  our  arrival  in  Win^r  HarlM. 
Both  crews  were  sent  on  shore  to  pick  sorrel,  which  was  Hert^ 
less  abundant  than  at  our  old  quarters,  but  it  was  now  aluiott 
old  to  be  palatable,  having  nearly  lost  its  acidity  and  ji^ice.  \,„ 
were  here  a  mile  or  two  to  the  westward  of  Lieuten&nt  llopmie^s 
bunting-station,  and  the  wall  whicli  he  had  built  round  his  t6nts^ 


J 


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^'1 


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V 


1  'ftt 


.mi0>mm 


^'^''*'«*t^^Si*..i«^«^S^ 


\6¥^/  '^tf^v'-^f^'-  ^ 


m 


i 


f'\ 


#|#t'iiMtfi^ttlKi»i|e  'm  Dm  middk  of  it,  irat  vlsiWe  from  t)M«)k»|. 
'^ih£  ^ypfmt  we  obtained  here  contisted  of  i  few  king-dmelt, 
lOiiie  of  the  young  of  which  were  also  procuredr^  >  «  ^  .^ 
'  iriieli^W  which  fell  in  the  night  was^  in  the  morning  of  the  Sd, 
»wlti#^«d  hy  a  thielifog»  which  continued  during  the  day,  prevent- 
iO{^  our  seeiBg  the  state  of  the  ice  to  the  westward.  I,  therefore, 
d^patched  Mr.  Primer  in  a  boat  to  the  point,  for  the  purpose  of 
«lo<ltai^iQg  whether  it  was  stin  close  there.  On  his  return  in  an 
hrur,  Mr.  Palmer  reported  that  np  alteration  had  taken  place  sineo 
tile  preceding  day^  there  not  being  sulScient  room  for  the  smalleit 
boat  to  pasii  between  the  ice  and  the  point,  close  tn  which  he  foun^i 
n  dejpib  of  nine  fathoms.  At  night  the  wind  got  round  to  W.N.W'» 
fWdii^NBrwards  to  nori^  whieh  made  th<>  weather  clear,  and  gave 
ui  l«»pei  of  the  ice  drifting  off  the  land.  -*«^    ,  ■. 

At  one  A.M.  on  the  4&  Ibe  loose  ice  was  observed  to  be  drift- 
ing Hi  upon  us,  the  Itind  having  veered  to  the  eastward  of  norlbi 
1^  «oon  after  a  floe,  of  not  less  than  five  miles  in  length,  and  9i 
aiile  and  a  half  across,  was  found  to  be  approaching  the  shore  at 
a  quick  rate.  The  shi|»8  were  immediately  hauled  as  near  the 
abbre  as  possible,  and  pitpttration  m^de  for  uufhipping  the  rudders, 
}i<nece<rsarv.  Thefloe  was  brought  up,  however,  by  the  maesca  of 
tee  aground  outside  of  us,  with  which  it  successively  came  in  con- 
tain and  the  ships  remained  in  perfect  security;  the  floe,  as  usi^d 
after  the  first  violence  is  over,  moved  off  again  to  a  litUe  dtstaofte 
from  the  shore.  The  meridian  altitude  of  the  sun  gave  the  latitude 
of  this  station  H*  36'  06",  and  the  longitude  by  the  chronometers 

was  111"  16' 39".  ■  /■ 

At  noon  the  heavy  floe  at  the  point  near  u»  began  to  qurt  the 
land,  and  at  balf^past  one  P.M.,  there  being  a  narrow  passage  be^ 
tween  them,  the  breadth  of  which  the  breeze  was  constantly  In- 
creasing, we  caM  off  and  stretched  to  the  westward.  The  channel 
itbich  opened  to  us  as  we  proceeded,  varied  in  its  general  breadth 
from  one  to  two  miles;  in  some  places  it  was  not  more  than  halt 
a  mile.  The  soundings  were  very  regular,  and  sufficiently  deep 
close  to  the  shore;  in  one  place  we  found  twenty-three  fathom^ fl* 
dne  hundred  yards  from  the  beach,  in  another  fourteen  at  sixty 
or  seventy  yards.  At  seven  P.M.,  we  passed  the  place  whfue  we 
had  been  detained  so  Ipiig  during  the  preceding  $eptemberit  pnd 
wiieie  Mr.  Fife  and  his  party  had  been  lost.  We  here  seemed  to 
be  iunong  our  old  acquaintance ;  and  among  these,  the  berg  to 
vluM^  we  had  bfeen  anchored  during  so  many  days  of  anxiety  and 
Ihiitless  labour,  was  easily  recognised,  as  well  as  the  pile  of  st^a 
liych  had  been  erected  on  the  hiU  above  it.  The  wind  was  vaff^- 
ble  and  squaUy,  but  we  made  great  progwss  aloagthe  landed  thfi 
S.W.b.W.,  and  the  Griper,  by  keeping  up  tolerably  wi^  the  Hec^ 
i^  aome  measure  redeemed  her  character  with  us.  Having  arnvea 
off  Gape  Providence  at  eleven  P.M.,  the  wibd  became  light  fnd 


m 


ft^  Mfd  bp«tl  tllittMMilf  btt^ond  ^  #e»teiliaii«lt  fiiKI'ifllll^^of 

witiAt'bf * b^i#ib  «kwble^  to lik« |iiiyittiaiii«»r it.  ^'Tmwmmf 

pMAt»it  i;iili««i  It^ifr  ia^li««|li  tli  tilt  ttiiH  sttdilil 

iftlife^  ft    l^i^iid  11^1  ilt«>,liiTiviti«ff^iht  ^  «lf  Chie  «i||il 

Wkiiehj  froili  €apte  lh(«iri(teiic«  #6st#i^ja^  itiilgit  aUdni^p  taemm 

8«i^  having  Ao  beaish  ti^  fth^lriiig  «lM^iM|#l«ith  ^t  ll^^littpdt 

6f  ice  eali  fix  thenisdves,  86  as  t^^iflWd  i^ciiHtf  l^^pttpwlflll 

the  Ibe8  i^fiiick  th«  laiid;  i^^dk^^dlfttttiiaiiiidfe  aillw 

imtiety  we  i^H  1^  pttth  on,  «bikPil#|ii«iiiit^6p|l^(iM^ 

#ith  aH  ivpidit^'llF^e  we8t#ahif'  'W#«eitfaH^^ 

the  Ice  this  ^^eiliiott  wftltft  ttle  ll#lttd^#ii  bidwiiig  ^^iit^t^Mtii^ 

bffthie  land,  tmd  lhi^i«l<)l«r  dli^tthr  td^iiB^  Uie  icertkllf  i^ 

fidiArhrtttl^  calill  i^ite^ite^  ft^ 

^ti^  efllKct  I  i^ver  i«ii<6iiiliJei'  16  hi#t^^H4ifi«i#d  befef^  €^  %e 

mAdifkrd  8id«  of  «ilrf  <M6ct$oit^^^^^thott|k 

jjifwin  a'reftiftitfibte'diei^eto'll^itl^ 

Hota,  as  a'lCiilitog:  |ln>#' bf '^^^i^iMf^^ 

cied  bearittg^  of  objeeis  ititty  be>tidicib  i^iii  llii^ 

the  Mft^V^  1>«iMnttg  <^  Citpei  #i>iSi%i^to#  iild  ^^|f^%^^ 

id  thii  %V«liiig  vhHin  the  two  hiilifflidl%<er«  6^li^^ 

|^|82'S8'  1^3  dijlrered  only  one  mite^T^^ 

surveying-bookj  and  found  in  the  same  maHbner»  t^,pref  f  ^|^||  y«|r. 
We.had  this  evening  occasion  to  pbserye  once  npioi^  that  tpo^* 
ness  in  the  horizon  to  tke  southww49.ai)i  as  J^^  as  a  S.l^i!W,|eai'- 
iit^>  whick  had  been  noi^ced,  from ihis  st^tio^  in  iki9^  ax^Motp' 
frequently  since  that  time,  during  our  detention  in  Winter  lAvf" 
bour,  as  bearing  a  great  resemblance  to  the  loom  of  land  in  i^at 

guarter.  We  yrtnt  the  more  inclined  to  the  belief  that  ttiere  was 
und  at  no  very  great  distance  to  the  southward,  iTrom  the  Cfihvic- 
tion  that  there  muj^t  be  something  w^ich  jn^vented  the  ice  being 
drifted  off  the  shore  of  Melville  island  in  this  place  more  than  five 
or  six  milesr  with  any  dijrectiQn  or  'fojrce  of  wind. 

There  was  a  very  light  air  on  the  morning  of  the  5th,  which 
died  away  an  hour  before  noon,  when  the  opportunity  was  taken 
to  bring  up  some  water  from  the  depth  of  one  hundred  and  five 
fsUi^oms.  Its  temperature  on  coming  to  the  surface  was  '^2%  tlutt 
of  the  surface  water  being  3H%  and  of  the  air  34*.  The  deptb^^ 
water  here  was  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  fathoms,  on  a  bottom 
of  dark  brown  clay^  at  the  distance  of  four  miles  from  the  land; 
the  latitude  observed  being  74'  21'  49"  and  thjc  longitude  by  cl)tro- 
^omctcrsll2'4a' J8". 

At  one  P.M*,.  the  weather  continuing  quite  calm,  and  being  de- 


l^^iH^^m^&i^ 


■*sv^i!*S^.„ 


*atw8ji^y^3ijijj^ 


.\l'1J 


<«^ 


t 


am 

i^fmsof*3l9t^mts  ^  ioe  i9-tliore,  tfaii^iw  miglitbe  ready  for 
^lii»i» ;«>Q»iBg^^^^  ahlp.  iicconvamed  by  Captai* 

^bine  «p4MnJ^(lirard»»aM  landed  11^^  the  numerous 

ii»ep^  1^  livit^^  wkb  w^  whole  of  thia  part  of  thte 

lalf^ia  indented.  AU  the  ico  wWch  waa  here  fi*ed  to  thegrolui# 
iViilit^l}]iiip<m  the  beach,  with  very  deep  wntet^loae  alongaldo 
<x|  ft^vKQ^nonc^of  the  loaaaea^^^^p^  to  •  aoflicient  diatanceirom 
Ite^^orv,  to  affittrd  ihe  iaiwilteat  ahelier  «o  the  ahipa  in  case  of  acd» 
dipf>  We  aaw  several  white  hares  hers^  and  on  this  and  man^ 
m^M^^c^casicrns  foiind  them  frequent  the  aides  of  the  high 
b^P^ifPwch^nwetthe  souths  m^^^  tliere  is  uiually  a  i^entiMil 

VM^tktn^rdiemioiM  ttpon.  We  were  ascending  the  hill, 
wW^m^piHul  by  trigonoojuifric^  measuremeiit  to  be  eight  hua^ 
dl^^^Tly-stiren  fo^/aboye4^^^  and  on  which 

]^#PMI»ll'|^0^  |««iduetl^  cUy  iron-stbnei 

^»^M^aor^n§  op  fn^  up  the  Gri> 

]^wJlii^^|»adtbeai|  left  several  miles  astern^  We  only  stopped; 
t^^Oi^|0(4ltainobseriirfitions  for  the  longitude  andthe  variation 
<^^%inagiietic  ne^e ;  diJ^^^&rna^r  o^  112*  53'  32*';  and 

l^^m^,S6f'  M'^^^steriy,  a9d  then  immediately  returned  on 
hpiia#'^.^ade  alt  sail  to  the  westwards  After  ctunning  for  two 
ho^  Wt^iottt  obstfuclioii,  we  w«re  once  moi«  mortified  in  per^ 
«f  *?»^^«^fth^  icer.  in  veiy  ex«Misi ve  and  unusually  heavy  ito^; 
cliieditt  witlttfie  Umd  a  liidf  to  the^^^^^^^^  Hay,  awl 

owfihwoel  of  cle^,  water  between  the  ice  and  the  hmd  gradually 
(bfllinuhedin  breadth  till  at  length  it  became  necessary  to  tidce  in 
the  studd^g  sads,  and  to  haol  to  the  wind,  tolook  aboutus.  I 
i^i«ied^ly,left  the  ship^  isnd  went  in  a  boat  toezamine  the  ground- 
ed Ke0F  a  smiOl  point  of  land^  such  as  always  occ^tfs  on  this  coast 
at^c  oud*l  of  ^ch  ravine.  I  found  that  thir point  dfered  the 
onljr  poMihte  sheHaer  which  ieould  be  obtained,  ih  case  of  the  ice 
cm^iiil^  iV^erefoie^^Jstermined  to  take  the  Hecla  in-shore 
ita(l*^jiiat*fy,  and  to^pict^)^  th^  best  birth  which  rirniimstanccs 
woiddadmiti  As  I  was  reiurnihg  on  boani  with  Lhid  indention  I 
fpund  that  the  ice  was  already  rapidly  approaching  the  shore ;  no 

ttine  was  to  be  lost,  therefore,  in  getting  the  Hecla  to  her  intendiid 
station,  which  w^eEfected  by  hMf-past  *ight  P.»Li  bifing  in  nine 
to  wven^fethoms  water,  at  the  distance  c^twtniy  yards  ^m  th«r 
be^b)  whicl^  was  lined  aU  round  the  point  with  very  heavy  masses 
of  ice^.thathad  bceu  forsfed  by  some  tremefedbus  pressure  into  the 
mmr  Qdr»ituatioht^  a  dangerous  oile^  having  no  shefter 
tro«at«c<ftiling  Aomthe  westward^  the  whote  <##hich^  belhg^Si 

tahtfKim  us  less  than  half  a  mile,  was  composed  of  toes  irifiSt% 

'***^  mf^'^i??**  ^y  ^*  **■**  *^"*®"***«*'«^^^^^^^  with  diiHhg  the  voy- 
¥**•  ?**  Gnjjer  was  three  or  fotir  miles  astern  of  us  at  the  tiine 
Jf^  ***  began  to  close,  and  I  therefore  directed  Uetitet^t  Lidddh 
°y  Ojl«wi  to  secure  his  ship  iot»e  best  manner  he  cotaAd,  withoul 


■■"-  - '  -  -"-If-  ■t'»ij:(»»fiWt  ii<mj'^yi<i<Li;j^iiji 


''■l^i^&^'i^ 


attemptinff  to  join  the  Hecla ;  he  accordingly  made  her  faeft  itjt 
eleven  P.M.,  near  a  point  like  that  at  which  we  were  lying,  and  two 
or  three  miles  to  the  eastward. 

At  the  time  of  making  the  Hecla  fast,  a  current  was  setting  to 
the  westward,  at  the  rate  of  a  mile  and  a  half  an  hour,  with  a  strong 
eddy  running  into  the  bight  where  we  lay ;  at  ten  P.M.  it  took  a 
sudden  turn,  all  the  loose  ice  near  us  running  past  the  ship  out  of 
the  bight,  and  the  floes  outside  beginning  to  set  to  the  eastward, 
and  towards  the  land  withal.  We>  therefore,  hauled  the  ship  still 
more  into  the  bight  formed  by  the  point,  getting  her  into  four  fa- 
thoms abaft  and  sis  forward,  and  abreast  a  part  of  the  beach  wher^ 
there  was  not  quite  so  much  heavy  ice  within  us,  to  endanger  the 
ship  being  crushed*  This  was  done  from  a  belief  that,  if  the  floea 
oame  in,  the  ship  must  inevitably  be  **■  nipped,"  and  in  this  case  it 
was  better  to  be  lying  in  six  fathoms  than  nme }  besides,  the  masses 
of  ice  now  inside  of  us,  not  being  so  ^.arge  as  the  rest,  might  possi« 
bly  be  forced  up  on  the  shore  before  the  ship,  instead  of  offering  so 
great  a  resistance  as  to  expose  her  to  all  the  force  of  the  squeeze. 
On  the  whole  of  this  steep  coast,  wherever  we  approached  thf 
shore,  we  found  a  thick  stratum  of  blue  and  solid  ice,  firmly  em- 
bedded in  the  beach,  at  the  depth  of  from  six  to  ten  feet  under  the 
surface  of  the  water.  This  ice  has  probably  been  the  lower  part 
of  heavy  masses  forced  aground  1^  the  pressure  of  the  floes  from 
without,  and  still  adhering  to  the  viscous  mud  of  which  the  beach 
is  eomposedi  after  the  upper  part  has,  in  course  of  time,  dissolved. 
Captun  Sabine  suggested,  that  the  under-ground  ice  found  in  cold 
oi^untries*  and  to  which  I  have  before  alluded,  might  thus  have 
b^en  deposited.  'I1ie  land  gains  upon  the  sea,  as  it  is  called,  in 
process  of  time,  as  it  has  certunly  done  here,  from  the  situation  in 
which  we  found  drift-wood  and  the  skeletons  of  whales ;  the  ice 
which  fixes  itself  upon  the  beach  is  annually  covered  over  in  part 
by  alluvial  deposit,  and  thus  maty  a  connected  stratum  of  it  be  bu« 
ried  for  ages  several  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  earth.  From, 
the  tops  of  the  hills  in  this  part  of  Melville  Island  a  continuous  line 
•f  this  sub-miirine  ice  could  be  distinctly  traced  for  miles  along  the 
coast. 

In  running  along  the  shore  this  evening,  we  had  noticed  near  the 
sea  what  at  a  distance  had  every  appearance  of  a  high  wall  artifi- 
cially built,  and  which  was  the  resort  of  numerous  birds.  Cap- 
tain Sabine,  being  desirous  to  examine  it,  as  well  as  to  procure 
some  specimens  of  the  birds,  set  out,  as  soon  as  we  anchored,  for 
that  purpose,  accompanied  by  his  servant  and  Sergeant  Martin. 
The  wall  proved  to  be  composed  of  sand-stone  in  horizontal  strata 
from  twenty  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  which  had  been  left  standing, 
so  as  to  exhibit  its  present  artificial  appearance,  by  the  deeomposi- 
tion  of  the  rock  and  earth  about  it.  Large  flocks  of  glaucous  gulls 
had  chosen  this  at  a  secure  retreat  from  the  foxes,  and  every  other 

Cc 


tiJ^^^iMse£^^^ii 


.^«&>...  '*artiii 


S02 


m 


enemy  but  mill ;  and  when  our  people  first  went  into  the  ravine  in 
which  it  stands,  they  were  so  fierce  in  defence  of  their  young,  that 
it  was  scarcely  safe  to  approach  them  till  •  few  shots  had  been 
fired. 

On  the  6th,  beside*  m  number  of  sulls,  Captain  Sabine  and  his  par- 
ty brought  with  them  ten  hares*  which,  togedier  with  what  we  had 
obtained  as  we  came  ilong  the  land,  furnished  us  with  a  fresh  meal 
fbr  the  whole  creW.    Captain  Sabine  also  brought  me  word  from 
Lieutbiant  Liddon  that  tne  Griper  was  in  a  situation  exactly  simi- 
lar to  that  of  the  Hecla,  whertf  **  nipping"  appeared  unavoidable  if 
the  flo^s  shbutd  come  in.    I'he  ice  remained  quiet,  however,  about 
the  Hecia  during  the  day,  even  though  a  strong  breeze  freshened  up 
from  the  E.S.E.,  with  continued  snow  {  m  circumstance  which, 
while  it  added  to  our  present  security,  did  not  ^ve  us  very  flatter- 
irt^  hopeii  that  there  tould  be  any  room  for  the  ice  to  drift  to  the 
weHtwaff .  In  the  course  of  the  evening  I  heard  again  from  the  Gri<* 
Jii^r,  Lieutenant  Liddon  informing  me  that  the  floes  had  once  come 
11^  tb^ards  her,  so  as  to  lift  her  two  feet  but  of  the  water,  and  then 
fetired  without  doing  any  damage.     I  acquainted  Lieutenant  Lid- 
don wijh  the  similarity  of  our  situation  to  his,  and  desired  him  not 
to  join  us  at  presefit,  eVen  shbuld  the  ice  open  sufficiiently  to  allow 
him  to  do  so ;  for  there  was  not  room  for  the  two  ships  where  the 
Hecla  was  lying,  and  the  chanees  of  saving  one  of  them  Arom  the 
catastrophe  we  had  reisOn  to  apprehend,  were  greater  trf  their 
being  separate.    At  eleven  P.M.  «  narrow  lane  of  water  opened 
near  the  Griper,  extending  ilbout  three  miles  to  the  S.S.W. ;  near 
us  it  had  also  slackened  « little  about  midnight,  but  it  would  have 
been  difficult  to  find  a  ^hote*'  of  water  in  wniieh  a  boat  could  have 
floated,  more  than  three  hundred  vards  beyond  the  ship. 
~^  On  the  morning  of  the  fth,  a  black  whale  (Bakma  Mtf9ticetui)i 
clnone  op  close  tb  the  Hecla,  being  the  first  we  had  seen  since  the 
32d  of  August  th<B^|>receding  year,  about  the  longitude  of  9l|*  W.; 
it  therefore  acquired  aihotlg  us  the  distinctive  appellation  of  «A« 
whafie.    Since  leaving  Wihter  Harbour,  we  had  aba,  on  two  or 
tht^e  occasions,  seen  a  solitary  seal.    The  whud  continued  fresh 
from  the  east  and  E.N.E.  in  the  morning,  and  the  loose  ice  came 
close  in  upon  us,  but  this  main  body  remained  stationary  at  the  ^s- 
tancb*'  of  nearly  half  a  mile.    Considering  that  it  might  be  of  ser- 
vice to  know  the  state  tif  the  ice  further  to' the  south  and  west  than 
the  vt^W  from  the  Uecla's  mait'^head  wOutd'affoW^S)  I  despatched 
Lilbutf^it  Beechey  with  one  of  the  marines',  albng  the  top  9f  the 
hifih  to  the  westward,  for  that  purjSose.    At  t#ii  P.  M .,  he  returned 
with  a  fawn,  which  4|av^  us  thirtyi^eight  pounds  of  venison,  and 
with  the  information  of  hkvlitff  discbvlered  land  from  W.S.W^  to 
S;S.W.  at  a  great  distance,  and  the  loom  of  it  also  extending  as  far 
rbund  to  the  eastward  as  a  S.E.  bearing.'    Lieutenant  Beechey  con- 
side^td  the  general  dlistahto  of  the  Ilihd  to  be  from  forty  to  fifty 


'^  ]'"  "mk  'iiiMpit  K>  iitiii 


^^'^'^^mmHt^mm--^'^ 


203 

miles,  the  netreit  being  about  a  S.S.W.  bearing,  iN  thtet  capes 
could  be  plainly  distinguished  with  a-  glass.  The  report^  of  the 
state  of  the  ice  waa  by  no  means  favourable  to  our  hopes,  the  S(ea 
being  covered  with  floea  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,,  and  the 
space  between  them  so  filled  with  broken  iccf  or  the  floes  so  close»  ; 
ly  joined,  that  scarcely  a  **  hole*'  of  water  was  to  be  seen. 

In  the  afternoon,  a  man  from  each  mess  was  sent  on  shore  ta  > 
pick  sorrel,  which  was  here  remarkably  fine  and  large,  as  well  aa 
more  acid  than  any  w«  had  lately  met  with.    The  shelter  from  the 
northerly  winds,  anonied  by  the  high  land  on  this  part  of  the  coast, 
together  with  its  southern  aspect,  renders  the  vegetation  here  iifi-  .^ 
mediately  next  the  sea  much  more  luxuriant  than  in  most  parts  of 
Melville  Island  which  we  visited ;  and  a  considerable  addition  was 
made  to  our  collection  of  plants. 
ihThe  easterly  breeze  died  away  in  the  course  of  the  day*  and  at 
three  P.M.*  was  succeeded  by  a  light  air  from  the  oppoute  quar-  ; 
ter ;  and  as  this  freshened  up  a  little,  the  loose  ice  began  to  drift 
into  our  bight,  and  that  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  point  to  drive, 
off*.  -  It  became  expedient,  therefore^  immediately  to  shift  the  ship 
round  the  point,  where  she  was  made  fast  in  four  fathoms  abaft, 
and  seventeen  feet  forward,  close  alongside  the  usual  ledge  of  sub- 
marine ice,  which  touched  her  about  seven  feet  under  water,  and 
which,  having  few  of  the  heavy  masses  aground  upon  it,,  would, 
probably,  have  allowed  her  to  be  pushed  over  it,  1  id  a  heavy  pres- ., 
sure  occurred  from  without.     It  was  the  more  necessary  to  moqr;  -; 
the  ship  in  some  such  situation,  as  we  found  from  six  to  seven  fa- 
thoms' water,  by  dropping  the  hand-lead  down  close  to  her  bo^^, 
and  quarter  on  the  outer  side.  ,,. 

We  had  scarcely  secured  the  ship,  when  the  wind  once  more 
shifted  to  the  eastward,  and  the  loose  ice  almost  immediately  be- 
gan to  move  back  in  the  opposite  direction.   The  wind  being,  how;- 
ever,  rather  off  the  land  than  otherwise,  I  preferred  remaining  in, 
our  present  situation,  on  accotmtW  the  safer  beach  which  we. 
found  here  ;  and  as  there  was,  in  other  respects,  little  or  no  choice 
betwixt  the  two  places,  unless  the  wind  came  more  on  the  land. 
At  half-past  ten  P.M.,  the  loose  ice  began  to  fill  up  the  small  space 
which  had  hitherto  beea  clear  about  the  ship,  although  the  wind 
was  at  N.E.,  which  is  more  off  the  land  than  we  had  before  expe-^ 
rienced  it.    Several  h^vy  pieces  of  floes  drove  close  past  us,  not 
less  than  ten  or  fifteen  feet  in  thickness,  but  they  were  fortunately,  , 
stopped  by  the  p^nt  of  land  without  coming  in  upon  us.    At 
eleven  o'clock,  however,  a  mass  of  this  kind,  being  about  half  an 
acre  in  extent,  drove  in,  and  gave  the  ship  a  considerable  "  nip" 
between  it  and  the  land-ice,  and  then  grazed  past  her  to  the  west- 
ward.   I  now  directed  the  rudder  to  be  unhung,  and  the  ship  to 
be  swung  with  her  head  to  the  eastward,  so  that  the  bow,  being 
the  strongest  part,  might  receive  the  first  and  heay|ea|  pjtiessure.     <  * 


\i 


y 


> 


•fe- 


/• 


\ 


.1  vV*. 


'fiy 


¥ : 


7 


2d4 

llie  ice  did  aot  disturb  ut  asain  till  live  A.M.  on  the  8th,  when 
another  floe-piec«  came  in,  and  gave  the  ship  a  heavy  rub,  and 
then  went  past»  after  which  it  continued  alack  about  us  for  several 
hours.  Every  thing  was  so  quiet  at  nine  o'clock,  as  to  induce  me 
to  venture  up  the  hill  abreast  of  us,  in  order  to  have  a  view  of  the 
newly-discovered  Irnd  to  the  south-west,  which,  indeed,  I  had 
aeen  indistinctly  and  much  refracted  from  the  Hecb'e  deck  in  the 
morning.  The  weather  being  rather  unfavourable,  I  had  not  so 
clear  a  view  as  Lieutenant  Bcechey,  but  I  distinctly  saw  high  and 
bold  land  from  S.  75*  W.  to  30*  W.,  the  part  most  plainly  visible> 
and  appearing  the  nearest,  being  at  a  S.  55*  W.  bearing.  Tha 
genenu  distance  of  this  land,  I  considered  to  be  somewhat  greater 
than  that  at  which  Lieutenant  Beechcy  had  estimated  it,  and  it  is 
placed  on  the  chart  at  from  siztera  to  eighteen  leagues  from  the 
station  at  which  the  ships  were  lying.  'Iliis  land,  which  extendi 
beyond  the  117th  de^ee  of  west  longit«v:!«,  and  is  the  most  wes- 
tern yet  discovered  m  the  Polar  Sea,  \i>  the  northward  of  the 
American  Continent,  was  honoured  with  the  name  of  Banks's 
Land,  out  of  respect  to  the  late  venerable  and  worthy  President 
of  the  Royal  Society,  whose  long  life  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
encouragement  and  promotion  of  discovery  and  general  science. 

The  loom  of  land  was  frequently  seen  as  far  as  a  south-east 
bearing  from  the  present  station  of  the  ships,  which  corresponds 
with  the  appearances  often  observed  during  our  stay  in  Winter 
Harbour  ;  as  I  have  scarcely  a  doubt,  therefore,  that  this  forms  m 
continuation  of  Banks's  Land,  which  is,  in  all  probability,  another 
island  of  the  North  Georgian  group,  1  have  marked  it  on  the  chart 
by  an  unshaded  line  as  far  as  tlie  above  bearing. 

From  the  top  of  the  hill,  not  a  **  hole"  could  be  seen  in  the  ice 
in  any  direction ;  the  wind  beinjpp  ^extremely  variable  during  the 
day,  kept  us  in  a  constant  state  of  anxiety,  lest  the  ice  should  come 
in,  but  It  gave  us  no  disturbance.  A  few  hares  were  brought  in 
by  our  sportsmen,  and  a  dovekey  was  seen,  being  the  first  for  this 
season. 

On  the  morning  of  the  9th,  a  musk-ox  came  down  to  graze  on 
the  beach,  near  the  ships.  A  party  was  despatched  in  pursuit,  and 
having  hemmrd  him  in  under  the  hill,  which  was  too  steep  for  him 
to  ascend,  succeeded  in  killing  him.  When  first  brought  on  board, 
the  inside  of  this  animal,  which  was  a  male,  smelt  very  strongly 
of  musk,  of  which  the  whole  of  the  meat  also  tasted,  more  or  less, 
and  especially  the  heart.  It  furnished  us  with  four  hundred  and 
tWentyiM>ne  pounds  of  beef,  which  was  served  to  the  crews  as 
usual,  in  lieu  of  their  salt  provisions,  t^d  was  very  much  relished 
by  us,  notwithstanding  the  peculiarity  of  its  flavour*.    The  meat 

*  8om«  pieeetaTlhii  mt-at,  which  we  brought  to  England,  were  (band  to  have  apquirtd 
S  maeh  more  diaagreeHble  flavour  tbao  when  first  killed,  thoo^  tiiej  hM  not  aader|on« 
ptttreftcUfla  in  the  stighleitdc(re«. 


m 


ao5 

was  remarkably  fat,  and,  aa  it  hung  up  in  quartefi,  looked  at  fine 
at  any  beef  in  an  English  market.  A  small  seal,  (PAoca  Vituiina\ 
killed  by  the  Griper's  people,  was  also  eaten  by  them ;  and  it 
waa  generally  allowed  to  be  very  tender  and  pidauble,  though 
not  very  sightly  in  its  fappearance,  being  of  a  disagreeable  red 
colour. 

In  the  morning-watch,  a  breeze  sprung  up  from  the  westward, 
which  we  were  always  ready  to  welcome,  having  found  that  it  in- 
variably served  to  open  the  ice,  while  aa  eaaterly  wind  as  con- 
auntly  made  it  closer.  This  waa»  however,  of  short  duration, 
being  succeeeded  soon  after  noon  by  a  light  air  from  the  south- 
east, which  brought  all  the  loose  ice  into  our  bight.  At  half-past 
three  P.M.,  a  lar|;e  piece  of  a  very  heavy  floe  came  close  to  us, 
and  would  have  given  us  a  «*  nip*'  against  the  shore,  had  we  not 
avoided  it  by  heaving  the  ship  a  few  yards  a-head  in  good  time.  • 
It  was  then  brought  up  by  the  point  of  land,  and  remained  quietly 
half  a  cable's  length  astern  of  us,  there  not  being  room  for  it  to 
drift  farther  to  the  westward  between  the  point  and  an  enormous 
floe  which  blocked  up  the  passage  to  the  southward  and  westward. 

At  ten  P.M.,  the  whole  body  of  ice  which  was  then  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  from  us,  was  found  to  be  drifting  in  upon  the  land,  and  the 
ship  was  warped  back  a  little  way  to  me  westward,  towards  that 

Eart  of  the  shore,  which  was  most  favourable  for  allowing  her  to 
e  forced  up  on  the  beach.  At  eleven  o'clock,  the  piece  of  a  floe,  > 
which  came  near  us  in  the  afternoon,  and  which  had  since  drifted 
back  a  few  hundred  yards  to  the  eastward,  received  the  pressure 
of  the  whole  body  of  ice,  as  it  came  in.  It  split  across  in  various 
directions,  with  a  considerable  crash,  and  presently  after  we  saw  a 
part,  several  hundred  tons  in  weight,  raised  slowly  and  majesti- 
cally,  as  if  by  the  application  of  a  screw,  and  deposited  on  another 
part  of  the  floe  from  which  it  had  broken,  presenting  towards  us 
the  surface  that  had  split,  which  was  of  a  fine  blue  colour,  and 
very  solid  and  tran«parent.  The  violence  with  which  the  ice  was 
coming  in  being  thus  broken,  it  remained  quiet  during  the  night, 
which  was  calm,  with  a  heavy  fall  of  snow. 

The  mass  of  ice  which  had  been  lifted  up  the  preceding  day, 
being  drifted  close  to  us  on  the  morning  of  the  10th,  I  sent  Lieu- 
tenant Beechey,  to  measure  its  thickness,  which  proved  to  be  forty- 
two  feet ;  and,  as  it  was  a  piece  of  a  regular  floe,  this  measurement 
may  serve  to  give  some  idea  of  the  general  thickness  of  the  ice  in 
this  neighbourhood.  There  were  some  however,  which  were  of 
much  larger  dimensions;  an  immense  floe  which  formed  the 
principal,  or  at  least  the  nearest,  obstructibn  to  the  westward,  was 
covered  with  large  hummocks,  giving  to  its  upper  surface  the  ap. 
pearance  of  hill  and  dale. 

The  thickness  of  this  floe  at  its  nearest  edge  was  six  or  seven 
faet  above  the  sea  and  as  about  six-sevenths  are  usually  immersed;. 


906 


the  whole  thickucis  would  appear*  in  the  common  way  of  reckon- 
ing it,  to  have  been  from  forty  to  fifty  feet»  which  correiponde  with 
that  actually  measured  by  Lieutenant  Bcechey.  But  the  hum- 
mocks were  many  of  them  at  leait  from  fifteen  to  twenty*fiv«  feet 
above  the  tea ;  so  that  the  solidity  and  thickness  of  this  enormous 
fioe  must  have  been  infinitely  greater  than  any  thing  we  had  seen 
before.  It  was  the  opinion  of  Lieutenant  Beechey,  and  of  Messrs. 
Allison  and  Fife,  that  it  very  much  resembled  the  ice  met  with  at 
Spitzbergen  ;  but,  according  to  the  account  of  the  two  latter,  was 
much  heavier  than  any  which  they  had  seen  there :  Lieutenant 
Beechey  considered  that  there  was  much  more  snow  upon  tha 
surface  of  the  Spitzbergen  ice.  It  is  here  of  some  importance  tc< 
notice,  that  the  **  loose  ice*'  in  this  neighbourhood  was  on  the  same 
increased  scale  as  the  floes,  so  that  the  danger  to  be  apprehended 
from  the  violent  contact  of  one  of  these  pieces  was  little  less  than 
that  from  a  floe  of  ordinary  size,  such  as  occurs  in  BaAn*s  Bay* 
This  circumstance,  also,  very  materially  altered  the  character  of 
the  navigation  on  that  part  of  the  coast,  for  the  loose  pieces  being 
most  of  them  of  -infinitely  greater  bulk  and  weight  in  the  water 
than  either  of  our  «h:ps,  the  latter  could  no  longer  turn  them  out 
of  their  way,  as  usual,  in  sailing  among  ihis  kind  of  ice,  but  were 
invariably  stopped  short  in  their  progress,  with  a  violent  concus- 
sion, which  nothing  but  their  extraordinary  strength  could  have 
enabled  them  to  withstand. 

It  now  became  evident,  from  the  combined  experience  of  this 
and  ihe  preceding  year,  that  there  was  something  peculiar  about 
the  south-west  extremity  of  Melville  Island,  which  made  the  icy 
sea  there  extremely  uniavourable  to  navigation,  and  which  seem- 
ed likely  to  bid  defiance  to  all  our  efforts  to  proceed  much  farther 
to  the  westward  in  this  parallel  of  latitude.  We  had  arrived  off  it 
on  the  17th  of  September,  1819,  after  long  and  heavy  gales  from 
the  north-westward,  by  which  alone  the  ice  is  ever  opened  on  this 
coast,  and  found  it,  in  unusually  heavy  and  extensive  fieldsy  com- 
pletely closing  in  with  the  land,  a  mile  or  two  to  the  eastward  of 
where  we  were  now  lying.  We  again  arrived  here  in  the  early 
part  of  August,  and  though  the  rest  of  the  navigation  had  been 
remarkably  clear  for  the  fifty  miles  between  this  and  Winter 
Harbour,  seeming  to  afford  a  presumptive  proof,  that  the  season 
was  rather  a  favourable  one  than  otherwise,  the  same  obstruction 
presented  itself  as  before  ;  nor  did  there  appear,  from  our  late  ex- 
perience, a  reasonable  ground  of  hope,  that  any  fortuitous  circum- 
stance,  such  as  an  alteration  in  winds  or  currents,  was  likely  to 
remove  the  formidable  impediments  which  we  had  now  to  encoun- 
ter. The  increased  dimensions  of  the  ice  hereabouts  would  not 
alone  have  created  an  insurmountable  difficulty  in  the  navigation, 
but  that  it  was  very  naturally  accompanied*  by  a  degree  of  close- 
ness wlu(;h  seldom  or  never  admitted  an  open^space  of  clear  watjDf 


207 

of  sufficient  tiae  for  »  ihip,  or  even  a  boat,  to  liil  in.  We  had 
been  lying  near  our  preient  station  with  an  easterly  wind  blowing 
fresh  for  thirty-six  hours  together ;  and  although  this  was  consi- 
derably oflT  the  land,  beyond  the  western  point  of  the  island  now 
in  sight,  the  ice  had  not,  during  the  whole  of  that  time,  moved  a 
single  yard  from  the  shore  {  affording  a  proof  that  there  was  no 
space  in  which  the  ice  was  at  liberty  to  move  to  the  westward^ 
and  offering  a  single  and  a  striking  exception  to  our  former  ex- 
pcrience. 

.  Under  these  circumstances,  I  began  to  consider  whether  it  would 
not  be  advisable,  whenever  the  ice  would  allow  us  to  move,  to  sacrifice 
•  few  miles  of  the  westing  we  had  already  made,  and  to  run  along 
the  margin  of  the  floes,  in  order  to  endeavour  to  find  an  opening 
leading  to  the  southward,  by  taking  advantage  of  which  we  might 
be  enabled  to  prosecute  the  voyage  to  the  westward  in  a  lower  lati- 
tude. I  was  the  more  inclined  to  make  this  attempt,  from  its  having 
long  become  evident  to  us,  that  the  navigation  of  this  part  of  the  Po- 
lar Sea  is  onlv  to  be  performed  by  watching  the  occasional  openings 
between  the  ice  and  the  shore  ;  and  that,  therefore,  a  continuity  of 
land  is  essential*  if  not  absolutely  necessary,  for  this  purpose.  Suck 
a  continuity  of  land,  which  was  here  about  to  fail  us*  must  neces- 
sarily be  furnished  by  the  northern  coast  of  America,  in  what- 
soever latitude  it  may  be  found  ;  and,  as  a  large  portion  of  our 
short  season  had  already  been  occupied  in  fruitless  attempts  to 
penetrate  further  to  the  westward  in  our  present  parallel,  under  cir- 
cumstances of  more  than  ordinary  risk  to  the  ships,  I  determined* 
whenever  the  ice  should  open  sufficiently,  to  put  into  exeeiltion  the 
plan  I  had  proposed. 

The  westerly  wind  cleared  us  by  slow  degrees  of  the  loose 
masses  of  ice  about  the  ship,  and  in  the  afternoon  the  main  body 
igL  went  off"  about  three  hundred  yards,  drifting  also  a  little  to  the 
^^  eastward.  It  may  alv/ays  be  expected,  in  icy  seas,  that  a  breeze 
of  wind,  however  light,  will  set  the  ice  in  motion,  if  there  be  any 
room  for  it  to  move ;  in  such  cases,  the  smaller  pieces  of  course 
beffin  to  drift  the  first,  and  the  heavier  ones  soon  follow,  though  at 
a  slower  rate  :  among  loose  ice,  therefore,  almost  every  separate 
piece  is  seen  to  move  with  a  different  velocity,  proportioned  to  its 
depth  under  water. 

Having  gone  on  shore  in  the  evening  to  make  some  observations 
for  ihe  variation,  I  afterwards  ascended  the  hill,  in  order  to  take  a 
view  of  the  state  of  the  ice  in  the  offing.  The  breeze  had  now 
begun  to  open  several  **  holes,"  particularly  in  the  vest  and  south. 
east  quarters ;  it  was  most  loose  in  the  latter  direction,  except 
close  along  the  land  to  the  eastward,  where  a  ship  might  possibly 
have  been  got,  had  this  been  our  immediate  object.  The  ice, 
however,  looked  just  aff  promising  to  the  westward  as  in  any  other 
quarter,  and  I  found,  before  I  returned  on  board,  that  it  continued 


0— "S^-w  «  ^    »  *■""•  *  t 


308 


I 


to  drift  to  the  eastward,  and  to  leave  more  and  more  space  of  dear 
water  in  the  required  direction.  I,  therefore,  communicated  to 
Lieutenant  Liddon  my  intention  of  pushing  on  to  the  westward 
the  instant  the  sea  became  clear  enough  for  the  ships  to  make  any 
progress  with  a  beating  wind ;  but,  in  the  event  of  railing  to  do  sc% 
that  I  should  next  try  what  could  be  done  by  attempting  a  passage 
considerably  to  the  southwardjgf  our  present  paralleK 

At  seven  P.M.,  we  shipped  nie  rudd<si'»  and  crosKd  the  top* 
gallant  yards,  in  readiness  for  moving;  and  I  then  again  ascended 
the  hill,  and  walked  a  mile  to  the  westward^  along  ue  brow  of  i^ 
that  not  a  moment  might  be  lost,  after  the  ice  to  the  westwar4 
should  give  Us  the  sligphtest  hope  of  making  any  pro^^ress  by  get- 
ting under-way.  Almough  the  holes  had  certainly  mcreased  in 
size  and  extent,  there  was  still  not  sufficieiu  room  even  for  one 
of  our  boats  to  have  worked  to  windward  {  and  the  impossibUity 
of  the  ships'  doing  so  was  rendered  more  apparent,  on  account  oC 
the  current  which,  as  I  have  befmfe  had  occasion  to  remark,  is  air 
ways  produced  in  tiiese  seas,  soon  after  the  springing  op  of  a  breeze,* 
and  wiiich  was  now  running  lo  the  eastward,  at  the  rate  of  at  least 
one  mile  per  hoiir.  It  was  evident*  that  any  attempt  to  g^  the  ships 
to  the  westward  must,  under  circumstances  sounravowrrt^be  atr 
tended  with  the  certain  consequence  of  their  being  drifted  l^  con* 
trary  way;  and  nothing  could,  theftfore,  be  done  but  still  to  watch, 
which  we  did  most  anxiously,  every  alteratimi  in  the  state  of  the 
ice.  The  wind,  however.,  decreasing  as  the  night  came  on,  served 
to  dimiiush  the  hopes  with  which  we  had  flattered  ourselves  of 
being  speedily  extricated  from  oilr  present  confined  and  dangerous 
situation.  At  half-past  ten  P.M.,  Lieutenant.Beechey,  at  my  ra- 
quea^,  aiscended  dlie  hill;  andy'on  his: return  at  eleven  Vdock^ re- 
ported that,  «« the  ice  was  slack  from  W.UK.  to  :W.S. W.»  but  thati 
without  a  leading  wind,  it  did  not  appear  dutt  a  ship  coidd  make 
any  way  among  it*'* 

.Atone  A.M.,  on  the  llth^  I  despatched  Mr.  Ross  to  the  top  oC 
ihe  hUl,  from  whence  he  observed,  that  ^  tl^ie  ice  had  slackened 
considerably  firom  W.b.S.  to  south,  but  was  still  too  dose  forji 
ship  to  work  amony  it.",  At  this  time  the  wind  was  dying  away 
gradually;  and,  at  four  A.M.,  when  Mr.  Ross  again; ascended  the 
hill,  it  had  fallen  quite  cdm.  The  ice  immediately  ceasedto.drifttfi^ 
the  eastward,  and  at  half  past  five,  a  light  breeze  springing  up  from 
the  south-east,  caused  it.at  once  to  return  in  the  opposite  direction. 
Being  desirous,  if  possible,  to  take  advantage  of  this  breeze.  Lieu- 
tenant Beechey  and  myself  again  went  on  shore,  in  order  to  form 
a  judgment  whether  there  was  room  for  the  ships  to  sail  among 
tile  ice,  shpuld  it  appear  otherwise  expedient  to  get  them  under- 
way. We  agrcfd  that  it  was  by  no  means  practicable  with  th# 
present  light  wind,  which  would  scarcely  have  given  them  steerage 
way,  even  in  a  dear  and  unincumbered  sea,  ^d  much  lesf,  there- 


f.-^Wf^r^v^^B* 


-^-- 


^^ 


■§ftn^  <;ould  \ant  cwibled  ihtm  tp  fdrea  their  trajp  HHfai^  At 
i|i|llimt^i<|c8t  M»y]Mtotfa8««  which  Uy  in  our  wajr  to  the  «ra|iif»rd. 
{^  «:|(iif^,  lnliMr4i.1dMt  Ihe  iie«  aboot  im  tdll  continue,  thai  Ifk  inia 
Jieceauny  to  M^  Hie  tifi^  •nee  ncne  touwl  to  the  west vfM^  of 
1^^  fMut  i9r  iMMr^  uqlr«  her  from  that  which  the  change  of  #l|4 
t«»  <r«iii«  4«>^Jilliig^ti|t  M(  iA  mat  ahaudmiM,  an4  at  the  »^ 
cfjt^n  mititit^^hOiir.  Ul «flh>ar  alUte  w«  had  elTiicted  thft, 
I  had  reason  t0  m$$mt^  With  the  detenllMtion  to  which  I  had 
co#e,  <|f  fioe  getl|g|»'llie,:abi|lA  uMec^ir^*  lor  time  w»a  lileraUy 
l^il^  «*^^^<tA^Wrfisa|>b:^  Dub  ii»aH^iead» in 
^^  a^1^V<Mild  j^  IKoatld,  ^(ce|if  iiamediaiely  tbi^  fie 
!ee  of  the  oi^liii  Hfheiks  we  were  I«aftg»  and  irithin  one  hM£d 
yfpiii  ^'we^lh%f: '-  \, 

^'tiil^  ilMIM^IlM^  tiMiQik  vas  74*  W  $5'\  the 

ptud^'  %  ehlW|ikbi«cief^  l  is*  43'  oi'\  md  the  variadon  of  the 
iii^\w0mi  t^^^  W  taMMAy,  mA  4f  thcM  beini  the 
<)^  jorehd^  ohaervik^iCioa  tf^tn  on  difleimt  daya.  Thoe  was 
i|i<M^  <^^M^  <^  l^^^«^  <»C  '>^»»  Ptot  of  the  iaUmd 
<m|tiit^ii#i  t^ose  whic»:had4ie«t-foaM  d9eii^»k  erceptthan  the 
SHS^JS2S2?^W  grand;attdi»ife^(M& 

£!•!?  NforejwnMfirhei^  *aa  l^iiAd,  mi  4)|ae  lUitauce^to  cm# 
«|«jl>|  hun4red^tlftii6veiil|e  fevel  of Ute  ie«^j^  ihe  ht£,  imnie^ 
J^lely  at^^J^^  4C«p«,  at^  d|MatM:e<jtJrnitfe  or  ten  nulea,  m- 
yeiiy^  tolb»%|e«i^llmci Qr^ohAiadfe^lfeethSg^  ao  ««te.% 
#tt<i»)»e  |j«ii||h?  of  Miei^ltte  isiandt  asfgr  m  wihidaini>»^6^<UMtty 
^»%i^^a7,;fK»*li«?rbe  feirly  estimated  atabout  ou^ iMt* 
«tti«rDB^  TherdlfeiaejMia!8iedeqdi%4|aanditotteinh«cf«tel 
]^  dji^  anil  0f  «i^,  im^mi^ed  oet^a^ionilly  wi^  Ibd^ed 
%aH)iig1i^reaiii  there  i  sort  o^  vegetaahie  inbuld.  ooiSbh 
^^dtNr  liM^lliS  and  41  feWtufta  tif  ire^ 

%r  dMT  ;hares,  and  oAer  miudi  wl^'aie 
i^«ltertfd  tii0  warm  attua^ms  afiilNled  hj 


fisr  aoiile  hours  in  the  moniii%,,hut 

^'^Jit^^j^^  tl^Sj^aHIi^eVlSL^hSS 
^e  a^dir^  thai  jit  >d  di^  ao,  while  ^e  had  heenJ^klgTS 
this  «ia»<»a;  Ik  cireuot^tance  which  we  #ere  the  more  incUiied  to 
QO^^e,  at  the  <^terhr  windb  had  hitherte  been  more  famt  and  l«»a 
fteq^ent  than  those  froto  the  weatWard.  In  this  respect,  therefiriie, 
«re  £dhildered  ourselvea  unfortunate,  as  experience  had  airea# 
ahewn  ua^  that  nohe  but  a  wes^tcrly  wind  ever  produced  upon  #E 
<lacst,  or,  indeed,  on  the  southern  coa«t  of  any  of  the  North  Gcbr- 
^mi  Islands,  the  desired  e&ct  of  clearing  the  shores  of  ice. 
^Akt  i^ike  P.M4,  l*ieuteflaift  Beeehey  ctfUld  discover  fioift  the  top 

l>d  ^ 


W\ 


^'  1 

M 

id 

1 

'  m 

^^^H^ya 

Kp- 

W  t 


*q(.  llif  |»itt  no  ^ear  wat^  in  aiiy  directioa. '  JifUr  ten  oVi 
Wind  blew  much  bai^er^wlilcH  obliged  us  4  «trike'^et^.M^ 
yardsi  and  to  biiic«  the  yafds  to  the'  wind ;  the  ice  had  by  this  time 
<c9«i^  moving  to  tlM  westward.  Having,  ajp^aif^tlyy  as  before^ 
ItachedJtt  nt  phis  tr'Artf  in'that  dlrettion.  The  etectrometer  wife 
-  tiried  in  the  course  of  the  evuiing,  ii>  the  unial  ibaniier;^the  ily 
bein^^  fuU  of  hard  dense  cloudU  and  the  widd  bU>wing  strong;  bt^t 
no  sensible  cffGtct  was  produced  uptin'the  ^d  leaf.  \  ' 

I^.^The  gale  continiied  strong  during  the  night,  and  the  'icp  Wtte 
«(|iationary.  Not  a  pool  of  clear  water  could  be  ^en  in'  any  £raed- 
tlbn*  except  Just  under  the  lee  of  our  point,  where  there  ra^^a 
«pace  large  enougll  to  contain  half  a.  dozen  sail'  of  ships,  ttll  itiout 
noon,  on  the  12th,  when  the  whole  closed  in  ujwn  us  wj^tlti^y 
appohent  cause,  n^^tf/i  that  the  Wind  lill<^1n'  itir^lar  puVs  a^t 
that  time,  and  at  one  P.M.  it  wa!s  8tong||tide;  The  shi]^  wicf  pTabei 
in  the  most  advantageous  manner  for  taking  the^beacK^  #ifitib 
the  shelf  of  submarine  ice,  and  the  rudder  ag^in*  unshl^d'ltfd 
Iniikg  across  the  stem.  The  ice  whH;h  calihe  in  contact  €>lli'''^lfe 
fh'ip's  side  consisted  of  very  heavy  loose^  pieces, 'drawih|;  twelte 
niariburtecn  feet  water,  which,  howevier:  wcf  comideWd'  aa  iodd 
««ietideri/'  comparatively  with  the  enormous  ieldB#h^«^  cbi^i^ 
Ifae  sea  just  without  them.  So  much,  indeed,  dp  wej|ud|e  ilt  iHl 
thnea  hy  comparison,  that  this  Icind  of  fee,  which  in  Davis*  S^firUt 
we  should, not  like  to  have  had  so  near  u»,  waa  noW  coiiiiidertedt^^ 
Ihfinite  service,  when  interposed  between  th<(  tlhhp^ahd  tll»  t^lnr 
fliifea.  Every  thing  retnained  quiet  for  the  ycat  onhe  day,  withd^ 
prtJducing  any  pressore  of  conseqiiience  ;  the  wiiid  ^iilerri^i^'% 
N;b*£.  at  nlgttiL  but  without  moving  the  ice  off  th^  land.  '  '  ''>"^ 
Early  in  the  Hn^nilifr  of  the  1  Sth'  I  re<^t«ed,  by  Mi'.  D^^^li^^  a 


SMl  the  Griper  was  lying,  by  which  meanTahe  Waalbrec^d  agkiiilt 
le  Submarine  ice,  and  her  stern  lifted  two  jfeet  out  of  ^  ifAit^ 
Thia  pressure.  Lieutenant  Liddon  remarked,  ^ad  given  herf'^it 
Wl^icfa  made  her  crack  a  good  deal^^lifut  aoj^retilly  WltM>iitmsf^ 
ing  any  material  injury  in  her  hiil(  thougn  the  ice  1ini»  4f!l|  gown- 
ing upon  her  when  Mr.  Griffiths  came 'awf«y.  She  hid  «IWt 
heeled  inwards,- but  on  being  lifted  higher,  fell  o^^r  tofl^iidi  Ote 
deep  water.  Under  these  circumstances;  Lieutenant  LiddOh^  liad 
very  properly  landed  all  the  journals  and  other  documenii  bf  im- 
portance, and  made  evei^  arrangement  in  his  power  for  iivil^ 
Ihe  prbvisions  and  stores,  m  case  of  shipwreck,  whieh  he  had^fiOW 
every  reason  to  anticipate.  Convinced  as  I  was  that  nb  ftfiliiatif  ttt 
or  power  could,  in  our  present  situation,  prevent  such :«  cataatit^^, 
whenever  the  pressure  of  the  ice  became  sufficient,  I  waa  maik 
than  ever  satisfied  with  the  determination  to  which  f  hadlsriEWl^^lSfy- 
come,  of  keeping  the  ships  ajtart,  during  the  continuance  of  these 


«u 


untoward  circumfMiyett  in  osder  tOsincreaM  the  chcocii  inltiMiiiif 
oiwi>o£  them  frow  incidents  of  this  nature.    1^  there|ore»  l||iip^( 
it  right  merely  to  dii^t  Lieutenant  Liddon'a.  attention  t(ft..t^«^J|%(| 
capaityof  aavin9;theprovi(|i«Q«  and  fuel,  ini>re(eren4^  ta.any'oQi^ 
species  of  storesi  and  e$t«l>liMied  aignaU  to  be  a^ide  upoa  the  pt^afOk 
<a  land  which  .intervened  betweentbe  sHipfr  ih  cMe  of  any.  %kit^ 
furring.    In  the  mean  time,  the  Hb  ranained  so  qlose  ihouK  tlHi« 
Heda,,that  the  slightest  pressure  producing  in, tt^a:,moiion,tpwjir4a:. 
the  shore,  must  have  placed  us  in  &  situation  stnMUir  to  that  of  t|>e^ 
Griper ;  and  our  attention  was,  therefore,  diverted  to  the  qspi^  mo- 
poc^t  object  of  providing,  by  every  means  in^  our  .power,  JGm',  the,, 
security  of  the  larger  ship^  as  being  thci  principai  depdt  of  proivi^, 
,  uoita. and  other  resources. 

At  five  P.M.  Lieutenant  Liddon  atquainted  me  by  letter,  t^iat 
the  Griper  had  at  length  righted,  the  ice  having  slackened  a  littUf. 
a«p4^  her,  and.  that  all  the. damage  she.  appeared  to  hftvi;.susttM|i^i^ . 
ed  was  in  her  rudder,  which  was  badly  split,  and  would-  iriquiri 
some  jiours^  labour  to  repair  it,  whenever  the  ic<a  shoulds  aUow  l)|m 
tOifet  it  on  -shore*    He  also  stated  that,  from  the  partieu|iir  sitna- 
tionrinto  which  $he.  Griper  had  been  forced,  and.of  the  iMipe^.Qf 
ic^  immediately  i^Oat  her,  a  westerly .  wind,  though  it  mig^  ^«h* 
tually^clear  the^hore,  woidd  in  the  first  place  subject  her  .to  <iOO|^t 
squeeze  like  diat  firoicn  which  she  had  just  been  so  opnortunily  1^11^ 
l^aaed*    Lieutfe^ant 9eechey  observed  from  Che  hill,  in  tbe.^twnM^ 
oCthe  day,  that  the  .ice  was  so  compact  as.  not.  to  leave  an  openjyQ|l| , 
in  any  direption^nd  that  it  was  set  so  close  againat  the  shoff^,  tMH^/ 
no^ikkff  could  have  passed  between  them.  « Itliad  i9ov«4  0$  a  $9mj, 
yards  from  the  HeclaTfor  two  or  three  hours^  and  ^n  t]he.«t<!i|i«i|r 
dgiaed  again,  so  as  to  press  her  firmly  againtft  the  la&d,' tbati|^ 
wit1»aat  any  material  strain.    This  pressure  arose  principally  .?i!pj|||| 
th«^  «ppfoach  of  the  large  block  of  ice  wHteh  ,1  jhave  decribed:«pib 
hau^M^.been  raised  up  on  the  9th,  anll>which^  having  been  fre<|u«n|>| . 
ly  ^Mled  bafliwiu^s  and  forwards  past  the  ship  since,  that.  t^Ci^^ 
hadoil^^ote  stationed  itself  rather  nearer  to,  us  than  we  ,could> 
ha^^wished*    I  may  here  remaric  that  this  mass,  of  which  we  knew 
the  dimennons  by  actual  meMuvement,  served,  when .  drin^in^^. 
aramig.  die  heavy  toea^  in  the  ofl^^  as  a  standard  of  .comp^itcisop^ 
by^whlcK.the  height  of  the  latter  al^ve  the  sea,  and  ;then^^^e|r,^ 
whole IhiUe,- could  be  estimated  wi^ttplerabb  accuracy;  an^  iV.^^f 
prng^tipaUyin  thia  maimer  that  a.  jutlgment  was  formed  of  ihofll, 
eQonttoua  Aekia  with  which,  this,  paft  of  the  sea  was  incambere<i»;, 
There  :W«a«>*  vary  light  atrfron^c  ^  nuthward  ai^d  e9stwafd^l9Kt 
the^greaier  part  of  the  eveningm^    &g  on^e  on  as  ^  al»i«^^ , 
pbeire  cooled  at  night.         ,  !       .w , 

Soon  after  niidnight  the  ice  pvtssad  closer  in  upon  the  I|e<:la^|^x 
beM%  i^vjng  her.  a  heel  of  eighteen  inches  towards  the  shoKe/liiii 
yiJi>ftte|ipe»iitty-to  strain  Mr  mthe  slight^  d|gree.    libst  of 


•1 


'% 


■j'|s.^^**^»;^^'"'i^ 


m 


tile 


bill 


lowei«4  doira*  and  iicf 


Id  upfMitUd 


If.'' . 

f  w- 


i^ 


bewrh^  to  prevent  thtir  being  daaiaged,  thoold  th«  ihip  09  fercelf 
Updo  W  broidtmfi,  «nd  the  reat  wen  pitw  pbtcied  ii^  a  atfli^^ 


tiiaiiolN  By  four  P.M.  on  th^  I4tli,  th^^tiiireltad  gradiii%#^ 
owuedt  jand  the  Ibip  had  only  thtve  or  fbttir  infibfi  htd|  in  an  Mr 
aiWr  ahe  bad  {wrfeiptly  rigbtcidCiiid  the  ice  rattitttied  qniet  for  ibi 
rattoTtbe  day.  A  Hidit^aAt^  winrd,  #ltb«t»td!  abow  ittiiii#, 
oontiniied  till  ai^  A.M*^  «bfb  it  died  mmmA  waa  Hooa  alter 
aocNctfadftdri^  a  ifeittie  «lr  ft^  the  westwaitL  ^   f 

Mr.  Fiaber  tiied  in  eiipcrliiieilt  on  the  apiecific  gravity  of  a  |iiie 
oT  floe*lt«  faben  np  Iroitt  idobgaide  the  iA#.  by^hieb  it  iip|^«il«d 
tdba  baitl^iinin  thftl  #c  bidbitberto  ir«iM|bM^^i^^ 
net*  fiieii^g;  fon^ed  into  a  cube,  whoae  aidfei  Ittiailirid  km  iitt 
tiro  ^ncheaand  aeveb-teiifbat  and  placed  ««ioat  in  the  t«A,«i%<ikK 
iacb  and  eight-tenths  of  ii  remained  above  the  attrfoee.  The  teift- 
yafature  of  the  aek-water  at  the  time,  iraa  S4%  *ild  iia  apeeifie  ||«ii 
vity  iJOlpS.  ^ 

The  weather  became  foj;gy,  with  small  f«iii  In  the  afiietfloolitf 
Ifefore  the  fog  came  on,  however,  Mr.  Rosa  observed  frtfm  Che  bill 
that  the  aime  unvaried  aurfoce  of  impenemrf»le  ice;  «s  beibiis|'pi«^ 
aentediiacif  in  every  direction ;  and  a  note  ftbm  Licifliefiittt  Lillda 
ae^ainied  me  that  no  alteratidn  bad  lately  taken  pli^e  in  the  nei^ 
bmir   )od  df  the  Griper. 

i  Every  momcbt's  additional  detebtion  now  termed  to  eabfirm  tfl^ 
III  tbie  opinion  I  had  folteed^  is  tfi»  the  expediebc)^  tryitt|^>«k%l 
Jilifla,  to  penetrate  to  the  southwird,  whenever  tbelee  WbtiM  ilt#w 
|tf  to  move  it  an^  ritherthan  bersavetie  aiiy  longer  Idtbetttteaifllla 
#^  bid  been  litely  makhi^  witti  so  little  auteeeV  to  push  mritK»««»' 
1^  ma^  weacward.  '  U  tbensfe:»«,  mtb  Lte!«tebiait  I^ddoiiiA  Mt|r 
$6  nmba^  a  certain  distanfce  tiiihe  eastwitd,  wbtttttverlte  eo<iM 
i^  aot  i^ij^ttt  waiting  for  the  Hfecla,  sbotiid  ihat'sbip  bi  flitl  (NN- 
«i}«iid ;  and  t6  Ibdk  dut  for  a^y  opebing^  in  the  iee  to  ^tht  80«nb* 
ww^,  which  might  seem  likely  to  tivour  tibe  object  I  hadlnvltoW, 
wai^b|p  for  me  to  jom  bim,  sl^d  iny  iiicb  opehibg  beenr.  ■'   '  ^^ 

The  westerly  brteze  fi-esb^ned  yp»  with  (tobtintied  snbw^  ibbke 
ibout  the  ship  began  to  move  it  sievett  l^.M.  Tbei«s«Al  sttjj^'- 
^il  current  was  sboii  obSetvtd  lii  MiW«  cirryltt|'4Kiiii'ib  nai'llie 
iiMtwatd  t^e  loose  and  broken  ftti^enti  tif  ice.  Ac  etgbt  i^tlietrv 
tba  heavier  masses  bad"  aliora^^ed  motion,  antt  it  btiim^  ■$»*' 
oitfiaty  to  shdter  the  fiecbifitfm  their  ipfHKMi^b  b^  sHiftiig  -b^ 
iiiiee  Inore  to  the  eistwird  of  the  points  In  doinf  tbl«i<  ira  iMiid 
.  .^  current  at  the  txtretbie  ^nt  running  it  the  rate  of  nt^'m  m^ 
.0t4  i half  miles  an  boiir,  ib.as  to  tei^bire  gr^t  ewRtiim Itttl^lfljg 
out  our  warps  to  prevent  the  ship  being  carri^  bael  b»  tbe'aiit* 
ward  t  and  this  not  three  bcuirs  ifter  it  had  fik-tvlMgim  m  fMibe. 
l^e  Irequcnt  experience  we  had  of  (he  ^uicbttess  with  wbicir-iilir- 
reata  art  ibus  Mmed,  in  conse«i«ienc«  m«r»^  «f  '^iNM«M'iiilN^ 


.V,  J 


mmH.  «hAt  M^d^  tiro  t^s'^l&elifct  dffke  tfi^Mlt  fnicf  Miltt 

iMt  *o«  b*  tt»  mmy  iM<ime4  iojJHWi^ittt  «»yj!!?«^'?|g?  K?S 

atlthki  luitiSbiteei  niii^i  r«riHto}^  the  *;^^J?S¥*SL^ 

m  lUi  tfldMticMi  44f  *h*  eiiJitetf^  *m%»«#. «« *^i*  M  ^^  ***** 
ti«Mi,  Its  tKe  Miiiid  ^^*teW  ^  Afc  ^m^$  ^^^"^'l     JL   ,u 

iSntt  nro  A.W.  db  i^,1l#*,  1*1  «tt5tDi«4y  i^r  the  d^a«H  1  Hkaji^ttl 
hlj^.  As  I/ibto  pei^tVe4»  KtiW^ei';  Mt  sHci  iMdt  liitle  Oi'  ot^ 
ifi$,  tll6  it^  ^iiia^  tiidte  to  the  ^^ti|r^  i^  tKat^aH>of  tK6 
<ttikt«  and  as  tih«  cleai*  water  Was  iteih^ibg  iadii^  iUti  slibre  tb  thte 
^^itwavd^  mlifcbfiiiiaier  ihati  wetiiMi  Vet  kctn  ii,l  tftade^Ke  ^igttA 
4f,>eed  tb«he  Oripeit,  JirHh  ;the;l&itlM»ft  df  iftMklflg  jUiiother  at- 
tei^iift,  «1iicl|i.th#  frt»e0«Vbi»itt!lfc  ip.*t*AMIf^«^>  ltt«**f" 
f«;£^forw«Hl  irltht^tt^^My  i^  i1^  a«Bil>el|  ^i^ctt6tt;  At  '^ 
A,M»,  therefoi^i  as  sodtt  As  liife  ikm  htti  d^ed  a^ay^  J<4{fct< 
vk  aBbir  die  iigkidl  tb  1^  difertidit^isM*  ^^  dulil  dfl^  ittg^  «n  iL 
aliotiv^  #hia  hi^W  b^«»i*  IHni^  V^eriift  lb  Ihf  t.b.K»,  iM^ 
liiMftii^  iii'^tkit  pmmi  bf  tH6  liA^wes^as  ^  blMid  theti^.  W 
saile«:^ibttir>  ie^^y  at  tb^  dlifiabeb  of  i^  hdiat^d  biF  a  tuT'*''^ 
A  ii%>yirt:4k  ftoitK  Ibe  beiith,  tj^J^i^dibg^  b^lt^fl^^ 
seventeen  fathoms;  and,  afu^r  running  a  mile  and. ^  ^«( 
I^W^W;  dH^tiett^  ^p:  iBH^ft  mm  <Kcl  Ubi  #ri,bk 
|j|^<ibst<M^lb<Hi^  t«fb(rt«iA  W)^#a^  at  a>li^  p^j 

N»|ri«»d>ktbey(»bdi»,  Ve,ti^<^fote,b||%|lfiij 
^cH  4^«  mrecte  iil  Ibit  Umiii^i  CSrtMiJBie  tp  fibalil| 
^  #lli|«^'4«e  iier^  eiiabteil  lo  fl»j6i^  ^  Heiebt  wtf 

blMiv^#aii»fr^ig«Mi«de4l^K'i«i^^.d)ii^        bft 

a  im^j^^m^i^  afsd  Li#bt^t  Id#4^»  di^rip.i|d<^lvb«m^ 

)^tbplaipi«^^IIM|M)hfe  Itttb^  iri|#ih>^^ 

,Fi^yi«»'b«^li^'l;eiydiscifr^ii^i'»'bs  «Nai'ibel^#l«<;^d'i|My 
Mi|^^|#««i||i|.;«-'|l«|f«^4ftti{i|;  Ae--4k|fi4  'ibbv^'tbe  H^'*«** 

#a&iiivto«»lS\^t^1i^I«  to^rftreo  «eihmrlbbe» 

•ceUMit.  ^4tk'i||b>t|<^.  I  «MemMiiid  fti:<mtm: 


3    ' 


\ 


IkL '•"**' .-&2r?^ 


:-mm^ 


r^Tifw 


■-4  '! 


S%v 


/ 


314 


wawr*      «  H«^  ^wMi  p  csvw  ijFjpra  act  1 

tillgitett  6f  ice,  irtifeb,  pithimtt  her  iPHng  ip^o  a  •©«  of  •<  natiu« 
daeV  «»  H*  iffioi^  t«rjn,l4  ib^e/  by  the  lyiuies  of  ground^ 
iM  t  a  te4iol»radc0ldopc;ltu|l^  which  they  ^^  ^ir, 

i«Mil«erity,tod  thuspUMbed  the  ihip, in, complex-  •ecurity.  I, 
titeo  i^e4  Totind  to  theCHper,  ^  ecoiuMiDt  xUteMut  M<Woiv, 
iE^.th#>arnm«efiieBttth|t.htM|  b^e|iin«det  mKltocarocdt  withhiai. 
Bf  16  iheo^niMiit  tobU'ltdopM  for  h^r  ptifety^  en^  the.presei^^i 
r^^  ^  ^^'  W#-#/ere  ihortly  afteiNrerd*,  hows wr,  rc^- 
Iteredlrvil  Wftorihier  am^ehtniion  on  t|iis  account,  by  the  Ice, 
gMtoilly  ireeedil%  from  ^^  shore,  in  consequence  pf  a.wei^ly. 
nreese  t|!rtog^  up,  ind  aSowiog  the  Grtoer.tq  warp  W  near  Ae„- 
Htecla,  wheit,  tbottgh  ahe  WMbirnq  meens  so  safe  af  that  ship.' 
shife  wavaffeMt  placed  in  a  ai^tupn,  With  whiph  the  e^traordinaiy . 
nl^  «l  emr  bie  niVintkm  t^t^ght  us  to  he  satUed.  ^  ,    L 

^*:  ^^  fclind  veiy  «od^  sjpcirt  in  our  new  ^»fipa,  l^ifm^ 

?'**'**"^"?^*T*'v'*J  f^'  *^*'^  ***»""'  ewursijjn,  witKj»i<£, 
har^  i  the  b|rdt  htd^  of  late,  alteostlspitirely  deseitol  u«,  a       * 
ot'lw«>  of  ptirmilpin  and  snow-bMngs,  »  few  gl^ucoii^^ 
»^^i,>^^aii o^ b^g all thathM^heen niei.ifl&ijfor  aev 

£^^^t^  •^S'y  fine,,fesuc5e^<|,  Sr^^* 
?5rl®^?^^/"r  ••**^  ?>  H»*  'ce,  after  twenty-four- hpuKs' 

fff^  jyjg  ya.  from  whence  ^  »t  uppear^  ^  tooeyl^l. 
d^y^l^mmst  WH^Jchwu^i  of  ahoiit  tKreerquwter»,of  a^iiffi 

irp.  extreiiie  in  sight,.  iih4w|ia.^ 
e  lifine  whicli^  .ifiM^^ 


'!(*" 


M*  '  rf 


c4||,€ape  Dui^a«,:n^  <^PI^^»<^  -  „ 


■      ■iViHt'-iUtT-..'' 


Kf.Jf?--'     ■r'^^f;- 


m 


fitithitted 


direct  laitetdif  tttmUis  l»  iSkmlfmfitb' 
#ird.#ethoul(lftHl  6ive  «(»iiiifl¥id  to  proceed  «Uttle9C«MiiilMdlf, 
M  b|i|xyMd^iWridviidtwi^^ 

i^th  iMtn  pireweiNid^^^  M  o^iffitor  ol  tbew  M4|iii#» 

tKere  i^embd  IfiKe  or  iiitfciia  lii  hope  for  ^^1)9'  atiy  fiiriliofiofr-^ 
lifitipis  to  prose^^  the  niMiil  oi^e^of  tbo  v^graNfi^  i^  i^i«f^      t 

^l^Ui^MfM^iMmma»v^  ^  pofpiH^^  of »» mete  mitatlwi^i 
lidtttde,  in  wNkMinlgltl<i(Mr|«||^  thOi  etiiicMtllilt  lipd^illif^ 
ttitelded^ouT'e^ci^ftSthuu'*;  ^•'•Mj.''f«;;'^'^',::',..>.?  '" > .. '■..x;.  vi';.i;i>;::'i>^ jt.'.'; 
^ 'Ilkci^^lilMe  td  itrliieh  we  hi#1M>v!#a]k«^'  watt^ 
of  the  Uifest  TKViife  we  M  i^ytibt^i^eto  uMtlio  ii|Mid^l|v^wid^ 
«r^^^  B^  tbit^^^^  obcNri  half  ft  oiik^  «iid<l^i«ldoi9^ 

<  «%^tiK  ||«  ttdilty  ^%|^My^^  ooc  l«ii^  thftttioigbi  buii^Nd  feet 
in  beltfit.  tii  iKitjifili^^  lUdi  litbeinvnor^^i^^  ft^raird  or 
tp  wll^  i«id  ii^<lew  iiiidi#iif^l^»^ 

t^  of^ihii^  imittipMe  #ftiev-coiirH^'it  wfta  lBtpoiiibk'>iibi  to  bo 
mmyfmiidk  «ith<  klMf  ttofiKidtwuloii  df  theiNlftviilttflir  oliirt 
hav^beelBji^oitired, With  tne4ki» ftptfftn|Bd^ fojteftdeteMiii^'to (lew 
dttTio  vftit  il  6ed  iditm  mtkvuii'6hm»f^  of  t}m^^^ 

the  f6mi»iti«ii  i4Eif  the  n^hii,  4tt^liur:M  we  <6oold  Moihem  >iiili»«^nw> 
irlliM,  hcreiMid  theit  Wettihh^  Utjm  ftpright  Matjitftj  or  eimit 
l^littrii  *lftUiM|(i%  iiiiadit  the'iii^^i'^  which-  ean^uaded  thma  f  ia 
otl^ii[^>liiEiei^%1'lri)g^  6f  aittdbtdiie,  id  thift  hMumtii^eBata^  'w«» 
left  iB^(tf'iui4i«  nM&iierV  ^^Ht^H  ^^^  kpf^^tm^  of  ft.#itt  dvtiC 
etl%  edt^thiifted,  and  on  Ahkcik  Muite fain tofsetittM occunrcjd; 
higher  than  the  rest,  not  imlijEe  chimneys,  for  which,  ii|'lia/pli|t»- 
'      '  dottotrj^;  thev«il|h«  eiaiilf' hdH^e^  been  take«  at  n  Vlm  die- 
i  Iniloni«  6f  thie  Uigher  nam  of  the  land,  upon  die  brink  oC„ 
^yMj^ite  which  overlook  the  «e«,  we  renarbed  ahnoat  the£ii| 
imiett^ement  of  ravinet,  cMtBisting  of  taall  chunnela  a  yacd^  oT. 
t«l^%i%^b!rlrttd  Wh&b^  ai  ;%e  then  amoed^ounelvea  by-  raftect. 
il^,  iiMfj^  «^  day  ^embie  4lo»e  inmienie  bed|  which  conatttote 
the  HuMi  iubttlaio  Ind  flctttteiqiie  featti^.  4|Mt  ^  iafand  can 
bduik.    I  h<vtf  b<f^ jrefifiHted  diftt^  at  th«^ia#!tof  theea  rafbiea, 
Aefb  i»il#ayia%bialfpie(iiUflaiid,fenttedbyth^ 
which  are  there  carried  itm  the  o«^n ;  I  repeat  thi*  obecrvatien^ 
for  the  take  of  addinf  that/  incaief  of  danger  froaa  the  iialden 
cI(«iiDg  of  die  ice,  a  ship  mky  alwayi  be  sore  of  nee^bg  witb  of^ 
of  the«e  pofaita,  which  are  too  smaU  to  be  keen  at  a  diftance,  or.  ti^ 
be  d<^libeited  on  the  chart,  by  steeiii^  for  one  of  d^  nurineii 
the  letter  being  eaiily  diktinguiihable  when  sevcnd  milea  ttpaC 
tho  l«nd. 

Tht  station  at  which  tlie  ships  were  now  lying,  and  wlicll  ia 
-  tbrwesternmoit'jKihlt  to  which  the  navigation  of  tlie  Polar  TSeak  to 
'  Uriilldrdiward  of  tho  AmetbMuii  continent  has  yet  been  eincMd*  ia 


I- 


i>.- 


tfi 


f 


#0 


kf 


■mmv 


%  jiiitNii  ^i^Af  ji'viAa  toiiii«Mvi9(  ^ 

4fr  IMH^ito^#BhLll«Hj«^  IP  JLli.f>  and 

«attii«Bii  IM, bDMiMHt^  ahoiiit;  <Ihi  piridiui  6£;JV!liiitw  HiiiliiiMr> 


iti9iMai#j;k«g»;|iBr»if  iCV*^  AvtHir  <tiir 

nine  J^Blli^^  y^KmJiivnmilk0^fiiif9.^i^Mmu^0  M  tw»<lM  j^ililie 

iiulMiJjir^llMiiqtwlpttiag  nMtiiM;»C  itliff  »niii)kr  fiJ^NWil  iltil^  Q^itth 
«f  la^jw^i  nS^  ^K  j|indB#  "mpfii^  of 

^iM^ i^a^lv^v^ iMljiQmi*   One i^ of  iii»  wtiwDe^  l^ ti^ 

plwb^fliii^lhfMri^ofi^tt^Pf  mhI  hrskm  off  «9  tieiicitl^  |if«p«lit4icj«M^ 
99  16  stecBioM^  Jkjbuiiiomp  wi»lMMwHl  «Nrfr  ^  tlif  of^KHilto 
aide,  hoiif^r,lM  «W|IMP  Iflt  whiiw.iirje  lop|(€4  for  ,«»<^C)r  wslse 
liieguelvei  r»ttier  t^iliSc  ob)««tm  «•  ^|t  |«iip(^  >oirer  io  qiudi  f»- 
4m4t  ;^'i|H||^^  10  gl«e  «h«  •HPtw«r«iffO  .of  tlieirlifi^g  'm  «M  Mt 
of  JHJbs>i»pQB  iier  d«<k »  ^d  «•  *  vMy  triBtog  ^^cufcpoft  olitoo 
vfippdMlilhftM  ojT  niiiifili %f»vitrioiMet  of  ic;i^  wh^ji  in  opipoar- 
HBCf  JKCP7  firmljf  fi«ed  to  iho  Mound«  1  give  pideim  diet  oo  goiie 
ll^f^ill'borjbrtd  o^ar  the  slilp  durijog  .her  co|itioiiiliee  io  diieeitui- 
.iiop. .  ,lR»e  fififrar  w«t  of  oiffe^filtli  flMide  feat  rear  the  heiuch*  i> 
lathf^jHi  cyp9ied  eituttion»  and  Wttr  rudder  uoshipped,  io  lyt^- 
«m»|^  die  kp  JoQHBg  io  t  it  re«MiiR«d  ^oiet,  hoivev^^  thl!^ 
;OTif^;c||ijfcy;jat|M Iheittay, the  weathtivheing G»U»iand <N«e«/r The 
tttilodnt^^ened- liMo  on  the  li^tk  woa  f4*  84'  SO".  Iho  i'M>«^*«<i«b 


'  ■.!»■£ 'y,. 


Hie  wii^the#1^ime^ 
for  i^vtni  eirmikif  ^i 

AIM.    f^<»  l#pi^&  i^  iilV  iS^txiiiriililfili  m»0mi^''4 
Oit^l#  ^if^Kim  Witt  Bl^»!inibhr  c£h^  inid^^ 


%m  ^mcim  i»i^ifttmr  wm  alteAnlel/  cleifr  «« 

I 


^^^u*-'  ^•'^' 


«l-^ 


''wlik'  tvifHl>"  Cii^^ 
Be 


a-  -< 


f»^». 


# 


fiif 

Mriqm  diMUtte  I  iMit  thmpQiitt  off  tfMM  fiiidrimmt  nanet  faUini; 
upon  lier  dec!  mutt  ii|eviiBilitlf  eriitn  or  sink  btr.  ^ 

The  weather  tM|iig4ig#ii  calm  oii^«  9Qth  i^d^lttaUowed  tlj^ 
M|rottDg  ic€^  to  itoriii  iipoii  th^  aitiface  to  tiich  J(  4egrc«  m  firmly  tp 
cement  together  the  loo^e  pieces' which  hung  MXHit  the  thipt ;  anil 
itdid  Qot  thaw  during  ihoie  daya,  though  the  aun  waa  ahiaing 
deatlf  iipon  it  for  aeyeipl  h^un*  Although  tht«  alouf  waa  a^i||| 
cient  to  deter  roe  frommoYiug  the  ahipa,  Wfthouit  f^/reah  breeze  of 
wliHt,  I  w«a  anxioua  to'kiM9«^i|ic  atate  of  tl^ct  l^e  to  t|ie  eaat^ar^ 
anfl  I,  therefore,  aeni  Ifr,  JNIaa  to  the  Cape  on  the  evening  of  the 
Siat^  to  examine  it  with  a  glaaa.  Oi|l  hia  return  he  acouninte^  me 
that  no  alteration  had  talen  pUce,  the  „whok  body  of  the  ice  re- 
maning atiU  close  in  with  the  shore,  and  perfecOy  compact  fknd 
impemiihle  to  the  eastward,  aa  well  aa  toloe  aouth. 
'  On  die  M»  the  .ice  still  rematiied  as  close  aa  befoire,  more  so  in- 
de«dl  as«  on'tfie  ffiiltire  of  a,  light  breeze  which  had  been  blowing 
from  the  westward  for  an  hour  or  twot  and  had  amused  ua  wim 
hopes  of  gBttilBg  aff^,  the  loose  ice  surrounded  us  completely,  so 
tha^  wc  were  »iimoVeab|y  beset  Calm  weather  ia  obaenred  air 
wicy§  to  malce  ice  op«n  out,  and  occupy .  m^re  apace  than  it  had 
doite  before,  as  if  the  previous  breeze  Md  been  acting  on,ai|  elaa- 
tic  ^ubatan^e»  urMch  springs  blu;k  aa  soon  aa  the  forco  of  the  wind 
ia  tehnoved  ifrom  it.       .,  ^ 

The  **  vbung  ice**  had  increased  to,  the  thickness  of  an  inc^  and  A 
liiKf  oil  the  inortiillg.of  the  23d,  and  somesno%  w^i^  had  Allien 
i^.tbe  night  served  to  cemient  the.  whole  more  firmly  together.  On 
«  hf^tKi  ipiinging  up  frmta  the  westward,,  however, It  ^oou  ^gMi 
10'icciuire  A  motion  to  leeward,  aU^,.at  half  an  hoar  befote  noe«|, 
lind  uackened  abont  the  ahips  sufficiently,  to  allow  1^  jto  warp.dlie^pi 
<Hpt,  which  waa  actotdiufl^y  done,  and  all  s^  itAdt  y^pva  them» 
Tb  Wind  having  frefh<;ned  up  ifrom  the  W*VfJW^  thie  i^il^;*  head^ 
were  got  tfe  ri^  w«yi>  ancl  by  great  fttentioti  to  thelfMib),  kep$ 
an  till  ttiey  hafl  got  abreaat  of  Cape  Providence,  after  which  they 
ware Uo longer inumagi;able, the  ice  being moreclomt than befori. 
I  have  before  remarked  that  the  loose  ice  in  this  ikfclghboiiirluM^ 
was  h<»'avy  in  piraportion  to  the  ftoes  from  vfhich  H  bad  been  bro-^ 
Icelk ;  and  the  imp(Msibili^  of  sailing  among  such  ice, most  ci  which 
drew  more  water  than  the  Hedai,and  could  not  therefore  ,be  |ig[tiied 
b]r  her  wei|^t,  was  this  day  rendered  very  m||areiit,^tHe  ahipo  hnt- 
Ing  receivMl  by  far  the  heaviept  shocks  lutich  thfsy,  experienced 
during  the  voyage.  They  continued,  however,  to  drive  till  they 
wcre  i^boot  three  miles  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  Proyi(|ence»  where 
the  low  land  commences;  when  finding  that  theii«  was  not  .any 
•ppiearance  of  opeU  water  to^e  eastward  or  southward,  said  thlt 
we  were  now  incnrring  the  risk  of  being  befet  at.  sea,  Wi^Uibul^a 
^Ipiice  of  inftking,  ant  farther  progriess,  we  hauled  in.lbr,  di#l^|f^t 
Viftce  jtf' grounded  ice  we  cottid  see  upon  the. bench)  wnieh  1>^ 


319 

mclied  at  six  P.M„  hiiringpjrftirmti^liiilti  ^jm^ 
cult  navigation  I  have  ever  known  am«>ng  let.    THelNc^WM 

made  faat  In  ftd»  «i(^ltin  td  «f«ity  f?**  ^•««';^,£^2&|*S 
and  the  Griper  in  four  fiithona,  about  half  a  Aila  to  thf  wiatSlird 

"*  Tlie  tituatiMi  hi  which  the  thipa  were  how  plaeed,  ^•J^J^'jJ* 
In  combination  wt«i  the  ahortnesa  of  the  remaraing  partf  of  Oi*  et^ 
aon,  and  the  period  to  which  our.  «*«»«««•  f/jtf5j^2?S2r 
be  extehded,  waa  a»ich  aa  to  require  a  more  thin  <2??2l2t 
deration,  in  order  to  dctemine  upon  the  ««f««'*»»<»*J*^^ 
be  punned,  for  the  advancement  of  the  pubUc  senrice  «»  «r  ii- 
uuiity  of  the  ahipa  attd  people  comniitttJd  to  my  charje.    Judm 
from  the  c]o.e  of  the  aummer  of  181«,  it  wa.  reaaonable  to  comMct 
t^  rth  of  September  aa  the  limit  beyond  which  the  ~;j>8«^w  «f 
this  part  of  the  Polar  Sea  could  not  be  performed.  v«*  y>»w*» 
aSety  to  the  aVipa,  or  with  any  hop*  offtir^er  aiicceaa.  Jw^ 
ed,  however,  wSh  a  ttronv  M^na^  ^f  the  eflorta  which  it  becjajo 
ur  to  make  in  the  prbaecuStin  of  dur  enterpriae,  I  waa  iftdttced  to 
e««id  thil  limit  to  the  14th  of  ScPttmbjr,  before  which  day,  on 
the  precediPrf  y<^r,  the  winter  might  fmify  b*  •«<*«<>  ">*2JgL;'»- 
But  even  wfth  thia  extenftion  our  proa^icct  warnot  vwy^iJgBWf. 
ing:  the  direct  dlitttMie  to  Icy  Cape  waa  between  <»8l>^  M«Jtoii 
Kvmdred  miles,  while  that  which  we  had  advanced  towaWa  fX^m 
aeawjir,  fett  short  of  aixty  milei.  _    %Jeu^ 

1  have  already  d(et«»edthe  reaaona  which mdlned  me  to  b^^ 
that  th*re  waa  little  hope  of  making  further  PVorfM  ^^"^^SE! 
i-^ilrd  iii  thia  latitude,  andnthe  grounds  ^p6n  wbi^h  I  had  Mg- 
mined  to  niti  along  the^d^  of  the  ice  to  th*  eaatward.  Mp|| 
hoilrevev,  was  the  extreme  difficulty  with  which  we  were  tm 
to  navigate  the  ships  in  this,  or  in  any  other  direction,  thai  Hi 
ibr  maoy  days  been  equally  out  of  our  power  to  eifect  thia  ifa^i 
.S5^d/we  had  eXpeneticed,  daring  the  first  half  of  the  navigtMb 
'WiAi  auth  II  continued  series  of  vexations,  disappomtmento  ana 
iiai^,  actompaliicd  by  such  a  cowtimt  '^^.^^  .JW' ^JV** 
m&i  thit  I  felt  it  would  no  longer  be  deemed  justifiable  m  fli6  to 
peSv^ift  a  fruitlissattcihptto  get  to  the  westward. 

By  Mir.  Hpopcr»srtport  of  the  remains  of  proviaiona^  it^^««^ 
ed  that,  at  thv'pwscnt  reduced  allowance,  (namely,  two-thir^Mjf 
the  established  plwjiortion  for  the  navy)  they  would  last  mitiltht 
30th  of  November,  lESl ;  and  that  an  immediate  reducttoii  to^ 
allowance,  which,  must,  however,  tend  matcndly  to  t^l^, w 
health  and  vigour  of  the  officers  and  n»«nv  wwjdd  onlyexteiiggr 
resources'tiUthe  80th  of  April,  18«6 ;  it  therefore  becime  a  rtigHfr 
©f  evident  and  imperious  necessity,  that  the  ships  should  b*  clip- 
ed  from  the  ice  before  the  cl«»»e  of  the  seasob  of  IMi,  aq^tt  ^to 
reach  some  station  where  supplies  might  be  obtained  by  the  en*  of 
-Alitor  early  in  the,followkigfy€l&^.  ' 


.^H 


,*.--J2 


,»V 


»<■ 


w»re  %niitlid,  etniU  00^  be  nuuU  to  eitra4  to  a  ptriod  of  m 

Stt«U?te.S2^  ^&Jf^  ^  No.j«»l^  laU  mil 

oMK»MdboH««^attriii.tl«olthoc»i«ngwtolwm^  Thl 
iPtff  cpi|)^«>o^.viii  ^Moo  mwdlw  to  the  proportion  oT  lUU 

of  ^  ywr,  ^m  OM  mm  hiitQihrimhmhS$  of  cod  ^^w--. 
f  PWf  ^**^^,?^  f'**?*  W#»!P  thiB  oflwm  Md  mfQ  comfort 
m  9^J^^^  f  «"if»te,  WM  foi^  Urely  «i|flki«iit  to  ptunm 


%1^  to  f««i^  froiii  crowdiiMr  neirlv  oof  huodrtd  Mr^ 

Bieiome  ^tiite  would  hsvo  been  to  muoK  iQcf««Md,  tbii 

1!S/P^9^?".  of  a>«  iwnie^ellfat  Htiltli  wU 
.  ,S  Wiy«^»jfh>^  « «•  powlj^  tb*i  tht  4lficttlt9r  r 
f?i^  I'Slcfeduiu  Of  r«|i«^iii|ig  i^ght  Mfo  m 

^Slj^i;^^'  t«jf  (|er  With  torn  oOicn  of  «« 
8?%  |S?^«  f  1»  ?^  %»J?9^.  V>  ciJi  for  the  opinions  v. 
%*S??  -  "**  «xp«ditu)p,  b«in|  detirouB  of  profi^te 
imiP^ii*»*lw»<*  c^pfcriencc,  pitvioiit  to  formipg  my  _ 

'^   t  '  9l?#  ^^''^^^^  >»<>  ^«»»-  Edwardf  «)d  Hooper. Su. 

T®  %'  l» W»?^n  T?»ch  I  Have  iu»t  detailed,  and  requettliiff  tibeie 

'^m>^F  *?  w^tct  witWi^ttirty-eix  hours  i^ter  thff  recfipt  ^ 

letter,  "^ 

H*^i2???*^  H  **  ?**»  *«  ^»n^  *>^*«d  «o  north,  and 
^Tlpct^d^  to  a  fw,h  breeze,  which  m^e  thf  ic«  ttliaai 

JNt  fo  slowlv,  that  It  was  not  tiU  tM»  A.M„  tint  wo 
!  wid9  enouA  to  move  the  shipe  to  a  point  a  mUt  and 
ea«fward»  which  we  reached  by  nhort  tacka  alnbon  t 

ICC  Could  6e  seen.    So  qaickfy,  ■l!4«e<<,  sjgi,  tlv  nntgt'clllBMt 


fP 


S^i^i'iMiri 


*  "SJ^Bwi^i.. 


>'^*Sf!;iS?^?'^'-' 


■'^^^l.  ..cn,»«-  '  !*  "''"''"■•ga 


■t^vs:]^,. 


m 


^Umd,  in  wWcb  w«  iMid  bMimiWaf  ,  Umt  when  w«  mMl«fiuit» 
the  ice  at  the  poiat,  it  woulil  \mv  Iwen  impoMible  to  iMf  •  rtturn- 
td  even  to  the  tfol  we  hail  jiwt  before  left.  ^       ^ 

A  herd  of  muak-oxefi  b«iB«  wen  at  a  little  dietince  »»» the 
shipt,  a  party  waa  deanatched  in  piirattit;  and  Meaart.  Fiiher  ana 
fiiuhnan  were  fortunate  in  kiUing  a  fine  buU,  which  aeparated  from, 
the  reat  of  the  herd»  being  too  unwieldy  to  make  Mch  good  way 
aa  the  othera.  He  waa.  however,  by  no  meana  cauriit  by  our  peo- 
pie  in  fiiir  chaat,  for  tho^gh  theaa  imim^la  run  with  a  hobbling 
aort  of  canter  thit  mpkea  tfiem  appear  aa  if  every  now  and  then 
about  to  fall,  yet  the  abweat  of  them  c§n  far  outstrip  a  man.  In 
thli  herd  were  two  cf  Ivea,  much  whiter  than  the  reat,  tha  older 
onaa  having  only  the  iprhite  aad^le.  In  the  evening,  Sergeant  Mar- 
0n  aucceeded  in  kiUing  anqthfr  ^i|ll;  theae  two  animala  aflbrded  n 
very  welcomf  eupply  of  freab  m«*^  *e  fire t  givins  us  thrte  hun- 
dred and  aivty-nine,  and  the  a^er  threo  hundred  and  fifw.tWQ 
ponnds  of  be<?f,  which  wae  aerved  M>  the  same  manner  aa  before.* 

The  win4  died  away  8Q9n  a«^r  we  reached  the  point,  affording 
Miliobe  of  m^iPg*  ft*  ^^  preaent,  any  further  progwaa  by^tha 
^ngof  the  wefrom  the  la^d;  !|re,  therefore,  hwiled  the  ebipa 
into  the  beat  births  we  could  find,  in  doing  which  the  l|ecla> 
4bf«-foot  rested  on  the  ground  fbir  a  short  timet  but  she  was  aftei^ 
fr«r#i  aecured  in  four  fifh^m**    I*  w"a  low  water  by  the  shore  H 

^^  i^t  (flmed  in  upon  u»  i?  the  course  of  the  night,  leaviiM;^no| 
n  ^||a  p<#l  of  op^  water  in  sight  in  any  direction.  It  wat  hi|^ 
fratef  ai  l^pasttwipf  A.M*f  nn^  low-water  at  threeniuartera  past 
eiglit,  oil  <^e  3J(tbrSOthat  the  udes  appeared  to  contiiiue  very  rem. 
far  o»^is  pa^t  of  the  coast.  The  Griper,  being  very  near  thff 
i^MOu  n^funded  as  the  tide  fell,  SQ  that  the  water  U^ft  her  between 
two  nniTtfeieef^et }  Liei^na«  Li44pi»,  therefore,  warped  out  neai^ 
toibe  Heieb  in  tha  #«ik><W,  for  fear  pf  not  getting  off  whan  it 
millet  be  neeessaiy.  «       .       . 

&|liedift#  im#r  t|ia  hUla,  wWjjl^  here,  for  the  fira\  tiase*  in 
sai%ng^mO»pf  ?it>vidence  to  the  eiwtiiaid,  recede  a^ut  tw; 
milM  Irom  ^  sea>  araa  the  most  lu^^uriaiit  pfsWW  ground  w-e  had 
yet  n^t  #ith  on  Melville  Island.  It  conaisled  of  about  a  dpzcii 
acrea  of  short  thick  grass,  int«rmixed  with  moss,,  which  gave  it 
ahiioai^  aame  lively  appiearaiK^e  as  th^  of  an  English  meadQW* 
It  was  covered  with  *e  dung  and  foot-tracks  of  muslE-oxen,  of 


:(; 


opoa 


a  Hw  AwM  3[Ummmm,  belBf  jk^riaTflf  aewlj  twdw  mm&h  ^m  ••  «tov»: 

Affording  ^7M  poondt  «f  «Mit. 


■'  tf- 


s  Mmk-ona 

SS  Umm 

S$  QecfB 

144  Ftam^puA 


-  X 


As 


»;  »•'< 


''I 


&S'' 


whi^j^ttji^^  ^nearlt;  tod  iti^ 

hen  that  the  Itenl  Uibr<^iti«iidoa«d  wt»  feeding.  Wbfii  waUtMr 
over  ^  spot,  on  whU:h  th«re  were  numv  si^  ponde  of  w^Mr, 
our  Mrpriie^m  lomft  degree  ceeMd  at  tbe  f mmeiiw  distaiice^wbteh 
these  animals  must  travel  in  the  course  ^  their  anai^Ml  visits  to 
ttiese  dreary  and  desolate  reifions ;  as  such  a  paatumifibtdhiff  im- 
disturbed  attd  liixtttiant  feeiMng  daring  the  sommer  months,  may, 
in  wite  of  the  general  dreary  appearance  of  the  isbmd,  hold  oat 
sufficient  mducement  for  their  annual  emigration.^' 

A  thermometer  in  the  sun  acout  two  FMi  stijod  at  58*  for  a 
short  time,,  the  weather  being  quite  calm  and  fine.  Mr.  Fisher 
tried^sn  experiment  on  the  specific  graVI^  of  a' piece  of  floe-ice 
found  lyrafc  on  the  top  of  one  of  the  grounded  masses  near  the 
beach.  JieHi^  formed  into  a  cube,  whose  sides^meisored  two 
feet,  and  put  into  the  sea,  at  th»  tempdrature  of  33%  wlUi  that  side 
'*P:  Tr*'»<^J  ^"^  ^y'***^  upj^fermost  when  first  found,  thrtje  inches  and 
a  half  of  It  remained  above  the  siirfece;  bar.  when  the  opposite 
side  was  turned  up,  only  three  inches  appeared  above  water..  The 
Udtude  observed  a|  this  sution  was  74*  2r  I9'%  the  longitude 
ti^'  a'  3S",aikd  the  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle  ll4«  34' 4A** 
«sisterly.  *  x 

^  We  b»e  obtained  our  last  supply  of  snrrel,  the  kaves  of  trhieh 
liad  now  bemme  so  shrivelled*  «•  well  as  insipid,  as  to  be  no  few- 
er worth  gatherUig.  We  saw  no  birds  here  but  one  or  two  ftoeln 
of  king^dueki,  a  speckkd  owl,  which  was  hilled*  and  n6w  ahd  then 
a  solitaiy  glaucous  goll.  ..  d^, 

An  dr  of  wind  having  sprung  up  fromthe  westward  in  ^«v£ii- 
i»g,  the  ite  had  slaekened< about  a»  alitdo by  eiriit  P^M.,  wlili^ 
induced  me  to  cast  off  soon  after,  though  with  Iitfle  pi^Bigiv^f 
making  any  pi^»toi)se;.  After  two  heui*;  dM^whid^^ibe^Si^ 
deserted  us,  wishad  gained  about  three-q^iart^iirbl^amilfrW^Ihe 
«nst*»rd,  and  then  made  fast  to  tbehmd-iee  to  #iutferan'o^eii^, 
which  might  enah'e  ds  to  proceed.  ■ 

The  wind  remained  ligh^  and  variable  till  five  A^Bf;  on  llm£8ai, 
when  a  westerly  breeze  begamb  open  the  ice  aUtde>f  at  i«|i^we 
^flEst  off,  and  amde  aU  sail  to  the  eastwi^,  thrtjtt^  i^os|  t^i^lNe^ 
ty  pieces  of  ice,  between  which  there  seeiosed  suffitient?]N0iii|^ 
the  iliips  to  saU.  We  soon  Ibimd,  however,  that  theydni^'^, 
which  at  a  distance  appeal ed'tiVe  open  tirater^  tMit^n^-j^^^gi^iiiHf 
occufSed  the  spa^e  bettireen^e  heftvier  masses^  fiiM  i«iiPipal% 
had  ^t^d  It,  It  was  imposiiUf  to  keep  Way  vnmi^i  ot- Wi 
^*f»«^^,*»»  ri^«  direct^^^rtjh,  Mfcii^'^  "  *  — ^-^ 
of  dmog  this,  that  we  wei%  Inpn^i^  Idr  ^  ' 
half-'past  eleven,  without  gi^iiii%4i^^ii^< 
ahtp  drilled  with  the  ice.    Havi^att^  _____„ 

thi  t6i«p«  mto  which  the  yom^^Tos  <hKd-^v^itt4IP|iW^% 
and  the  hrecce  freshoiing  u^  aUff^isGami  Triitiiiq^iSiiil'iR 


■# 


4t 


■  *V  .'-t 


J.       "-^.^        .^:^^^'         ''■■-*?W^i'' 


1*'  --aV   .       •    -^-►^'/dfelraj 


nn^e  »li>ii||^ai«itMI^  gcBtrally  ?»itllitt  half  ^  mite  o^llie  beach, 
wjlerea  channel  oNlear  w&ier  hid  now  opened.  In  the  course  ot 
the  QiorBingi  the  ^eda  ifcfemd  iome  very  severe  ahocka^i  one  of 
which  we  wefevffppehenaive  haddamajied  the  rudder,  the  ahq|^ 
h»vji|g  run  wiib  treah  atemway  against  a  heavy  piece  of  ice,  b# 
fojrtttnately  QO^mttil^al  ^jury  was  sustained.      . 

Soon  after  noon»  the  weather  became  thicks  with  heavy  snpw,  so 
that  me  were  oblifl*,d^to,  run  entirely  by  the  lead,  on  wWffh  we  ihad 
every  reason  cenfidn^y  ti>  rely^  «a  a  safe  andsiire  gwde.  W« 
kejuxl^se  4on#the«|lge  of  the  ice,  which  was  quite  compact  to 
Che  southward  of  us,  without  th^smatteit  appearance  of  an  open- 
iiw  totisncourage^  a  hope  of  penetrating  in  that  directiWi. 

having  Jww^  reftl^ved  the  anawfis  of  the;  oflS^ra  U>  my  tettef 
addressee  to  ^em  on  the  ^3d,  and  given  the  matter  my  moat  se*- 
rious  and  mature  conaidcratidn,  it  was  necesaary  that  I  ihoidd  make 
vp  my  mind  as  to  the  future  conduct  of  the,  Expedition^r  It  was 
g^^tifying  to  me  to  find  that  the  officers  unanimously  agreed  with 
me  in  opi|iion  that  any  further  attempt  to  panotrate  to  the  westward 
in, our  present  parallel  would  be  altpgether  fruitleps^and  attend- 
ed with  a  coo»iderablft.^  of  tirnf*  wbiph  might  he  more  use* 
fully  employed.  They  tUso  agreed  with  me  in  thinking*  that  the 
plan  which  I  had  adopted,  ofrunning  back  along  the  e(^  of  the 
ice;  to  the  etu^ward,  in  order  to  look  oul  lor  an  ope|ling>i^at  might 
leiul  us  towards  the  American  continent,  w^s,  in  eveilr  r^spect^the 
1900  advisable ;  and  that,  4n  the  event  of  failing  to  find  any  such 
opening,  after  a  reasonable  time  spent  in  the  search,  it  wouid.be 
espe^ienft  to  return  to  Englapd  rather  than  to  risk  the  passing  aoo- 
tW  winter  in  these  seas,  without  the  prospect  of  attaming  any  ade- 
quate object  i  namely,  that  of  being' able  to  start  from  an  advanced 
BtMion  at  the  commencement  of  the-following  season* 

tJaderall  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  therefore,  I  could  not 
bu^.  .admit  the  p9opriety  of  immediately  returning  to  £n|^iand, 
sh9i^  our  attempt  to  penetrate  to  the  southward  proye  unsuccesa* 
f4;|n4iiy,pMt.oi;the  navigation  between  thepoaltton  we  ntm-PC" 
cu^ie4  and  Barrow*j»  Stnut ;  as  it  woidd»  in  that  case,  be  impossi- 
ble lomidte  so  mi^ch  progress  either  to  the  southward  ortfapB  west- 
ward  dui^og,  die  short  remaindc^r  of  Uie  preaent  season*  as  to  bring 
the  ac^^pMihment  of  the  paasage  throu^  Behring's  Strait  within 
.%.     -- -   oliOur  remaining  resources. 


the 


At 'three  P.M.  we  were  abreast  of  Cape.Heamej  and,  aa  we 
opened  idie  i;^ay  of  the  Hecla  and  Griper*  thf .  vind*  as  usual  <m 
this  pari  of  the  coast,  came  ;*irectlt:  oij»t  fromi  the  northward ;  but 
ai  soon  as  we  had  atretched  ov^Ato  Bounty  Cape,  of  which  we 
were  abreast  s^t  eidit  P.Af  ,y  it  9rew  once  more  along  the  land  from 
the  westward  We  found  a  Urge  Quantity  of  loose  and  brok^  ice 
off^^)l|ie  Heame,  and  not  far  frcun  we  same  pla/ce  we  oatne  to  *  ftoe 
ot.yi0fu^  ice,  of  nearly  a  mile  in  length*  and  about  two  inches  and 


Ki  /' 


-  ■'^-^'W^^f^^^^'^tfEs^^7j:?^mf 


i:idi£sM^; 


5 


( 


•1i«f  iii^^»*wgi,^kfc  iMid^i^  this  io«i. 

p«*wd  ft»  we  jttdi^ed^ili  tm  it  lui^^^t  th^  telUiiiiid  api)ea^d  m 
be  ftHir  jw  m  Mile*  wfdfe^  as  for  «s  the  darkneatf  bf  Se  nikht 
would  «new of  our  judgiiif }  for  we  cOuMftt  this  oeriod  s^trwl^ 
tee  to  read  hi  the  cd»iik  at  ten  o'clotfl^  The  siiow  wlii<lh  feU  difl 
lOf^the  dajrwaiiohseiired,  fotrtb^  first  tiitfe,  tdremaitt  tiooii  t»l 
*  ^^*^^^*^  i  ^*»*  a<R>rdiog  a  pnof  of  the  ten^ratui^ 
of  the  eHMhVai^iiietf  Mavitil  ^U^lbleii  belo^thitt  of  tOmiti 
mi  givi%t»ti«e  of  titt  iieaFi^rOach  of  i^^erhJ^^  iidi  dl^ 
winter.    ©«»  OT  |#b  ftilihali^^^^      sdAie  tcrti,  ahd  naiitelbiS 

aoim  oftoowsftttiitfaig^  w«6re  8«e!i[  ^bout^theshlbs  in  theeoune  df 
the'Aiy.  ..fv'..:  „^,.,..,.,- ^. .,-■•. a,-.. 

The  iia^%i^  l^ikaiel  iiicteasid  so^iad^^^     btead#.' ag  #e  iitt 

to  fh<^  easMd  #ilfe^a  rielAi  ah^  fiiv«^t^ble  breeze,  tfiia  at  €}» 

A.M.,  oi^meililifniihi(  of  th«^S9%/Wheii  we  had  ad^toicbdl^^i 

tlb  east  end^of  Mi^ffllft'^aitd^  {«  wis  liOtleis  thte  tSJiUdM  fiffi 

We  kept  iifeir  tftthii^i  rmmj^  at  suelk^  idistahce  ftotii  it  a»  no^  W 

get  the  iAil|>s  embi^  het^eit  the  poiiiti,  Wft^  irffen^  dctaiiohs  i 

10B|  matmmd^Uk  OtHtWitm  bdttih|  round^ii  with i 

•oiiitwiiid;    4  cdiitiinft  iOok^^Oitt  waa^^  te^^  die  ttis¥^m^ 

fifpn  cfp^mgm  1Sl#8cMit1»#itrd,  but  not  a  sinalelfKa^  ebU#W 

peHielved  ^lio  ihite  6f  fee  whkh  still  covered  the  s^it  ih  th»t^ 

]«fliloii^  wir wii^iik^ ^^  audll^iiti^ 

l©r  ^4f  fO^)  th«i0i«dllii|g  bei%hteetyifo^^ 

botttMa*    Some  Wattei'  brOii^e  up  itcfia  thai^detoth  in  Di^  MittSfl 

bowHe  waaraf  ^  teiht^titott^  of  ^i|^  thai  it  thi^rtiiccbaftiiriif 
aidi'Ofthei^v^*;-^.::.- ■■'■.•,....-    *    :■■....'..,-  ,.:-..  ,:«=-;....^isa.,.'' ■ 

At  aeven  Fi^H  a^  dHiibkJi  on,  #^  hMttle^tiff  c^i#t» 
of  lliii  K^  ho^^ii  «iB;«tiifo  t^  ui  iif  ^tilh^  dOrini  the"  dOtt^i 
aiii^  the  thi^  #diihir^  ahd  to  i^id  oi&ii^  any  oi«ii^^l^ 
iii%ht  oeeor  iti  It  to  the^  fioiith#aTd.    WS  weit,  ih  thl  cbSie  *tf 
thtefittiiai^  wi^in Ibii^  or  tMr tiiilea  Of  the  sitt^ S^  Whlf^  %i 
h^%iitiioif  ih*rt*«>S^^*)^  lit  *hfe 

osite  tiioie  reditce^tb  the^Milf  iiecilM^  as  bd^ 
^%  onrario^i'  f^iai  hiOr  or  t#o ;  the  Orii^^  ie^^  m 
ntm  ^0^  idf  and  Onr  qiiairteN9a«^  beinir  diitlitdd  id^^i  lii 
Gi$|>ir  right  a«l^|^feriiNiht%f  soihe  be^  modtf  of  fth^nlriii 

i$«^  itggitig,  M3%itld!flM%>hah&the  n^ih^^i^^ 
thBfdlli^aiidlhe^ijiNwAi^ititB^di^^  • 

A^irielV%ttie#y«On»l^^  Wiiiie  «*r«H, 

titiiia«h#e  hid  tOttffb^eli' t^  alid  whielii  ^ig^iS 

^i^iaxii€smmK  thb  wea^er^  and  the  iineetii^  of 


■^^4..„■. 


^1^. 


ii&zacicaa 


j»"  1^'^'^r^ 


*W«  had  fof^somc  tm^9  been  st(M»iii^  prtoeifMUf  Vt^ ' 
irhra  she  becdme  o|itcttred«  we  were  inrder  tb#i«ec ' 
oor  windtoi^the  wtlrtvard  and  WjntwArd^^wlAdi  le#l 
iee^  till  the  Iweadkei'^shcHltld  beeoiiie>niore'  h^fowt^bXA,  .''»WM| 
began  ta  tlear  tiwi^.at  half-pftt  five  A.M.  oil>tlMt  S«th,  MiAMi# 
diately  after  we  isaw  land  from  NiiE.b.E.  to  N.N.W.  I?M  lliibi?. 
head»!were  ncn^'IMit  to  the'  8(S.'E.,  in  order ^tilke  VBOriStm  wt 
where  we  hadiast.seen  it,  faot  at?ii»  o^elietck^  m afyioaifipi%gaoiiiia 
heavy. detachciianaaaiBai  wht(;li'a|»|lBat«d  to|i»a||l^mi^^Wl  thitt^ 
fore  oiade  us  iij'el)!'  (MoHons  wi^''<hevhattil>ilbid%^iNii^^^^l^^ 
Waier  riither  more  soiddenlf  than  usual  from  thir^«Av«ta^ien$^i&d 
ti^en  to  8cvjm>-£ithQiiM»,and  ti^cked  in  five  ted  thre«f  qiiaftixirs  0fitm. 
4^stance  of«hdJF  ».mHeito<the  inestward  of  the  groiNid»di^|«ii^iMHii 
'•%  certainlyn^  land  wtthiii' twb  or  three' leiaguea-  bf Vthia  ilkip^^iiil. 
.'J»ch«'howeyiHr;  I  have  little>dottbt,  from  the- a|fpeal«n<ee'Oftiii#lca. 
4gtonnd  opboit^  there  ^wat^«HDettgh;fi)r  aay'vMp,'aiMiMwh^h%ill 
probabiyr  be^^al  aU^tiJntes  clea%  |k>inted  nont .  by  the>.«iMieiiiMl^^ 
beacons  of  thei^e  seas.  It  is  oustomary  to  judM  bythv  tiiiNftMlli 
ijq^n.,the  ice  whether  it  be  aground^or  noc^  and  byit^dnnaAtiisfitf 
whether  it  mayJue^bddlyappiioached.  ;    .       ?  ^  :z  ,    <i;-^'m^'i  1?^^  v» 

Haviog:  hatried^to  the  N.N'.fi«9>and  then  gradoa^  ittflflfi^.  i»^ditt 
eaoitWard,  we  deepencd-onr^water  tilt  no  s0undkigateo|0^ife^^<iliii£ 
tainedwithvforty  fathoms  of  line,  and  .<then  steered <«lignl^vVo^^; 
^;£.,  in  order  to^make. the  main  iee.  The?hnpoMiyftQiia«ll|i^ 
9!»y  thiitr  liJce  an  actorase  reckoiiing;  doHngrthe  ^laiiUlttiietL-^^ 
9aaith)6  difficulty  of  recognising  the  land  in  conseqtMOlceiiMKli^ 
which  now  almost^  entirely  covered  it*  left,  ua  fisr  'aOoMft  .^bMK- 
loas  to  ascertain  our  positiouj  till  we  found  otttaelv«b';;«t^«Mi^iii^tf 
Cape'Cdckbum,  our  latitude  by  observation  beiiig  INJ^-^dHl^l^iJ^;' 
We  were  now  eou^led  to  determhie  the  eottl»litldN!y  fli  ilie'lmid  froikK 
tbjkt  pioint  to  Graham  Moore's  Ihiyf  which,  ott.4^«fir8tdiaeoivilr^ 
we  could  not  exactly  ascertain  om  account  of  die'dlitance,  «e  wlilelr 
we  sailed  ftomit.  -r  ,?*   .    r'.f;"-'-M,  ri; 

The  ice  to  the  aottthward»  aki^  which  we  ^oaimam±"t»^^SBSk  tldt 
day,'  was  compcised  of  floes  remaorkable  fot^'thch^  eMraeisdimiiy: 
length  and  con^nt»ity,  some  of  tUtm  nbichivitig^a  >sii|^  bMtti^or 
crack  for  males  together,  thfl>ttghthcirM|(h^id!iov««lter«ett1faB  o^t 
generally  more  than  twelve  iochef ,  and  UiMf  MiriKe  ai-attiooih  'indt 
even  as  m  bowUng»*green,  forming,  in  bo!thJhese.rea|iectt,  «atrtktng 
contrast  to  the  ice -to  which  wehad^fot^lfe^ii'.  aeatisiottied  mom 
westerly.  The  outer  edge  of  these  floe%  hoilreVlir,  for  ab0ut;«Ml|^ 
hundred  yards,  was  bi^k^ -by  the  aea  |nto>  amiknilrable  smaft 
piecesy.rcmmnihg'  so  dose  i^at  aboat-wottld  ndlipeneftvftte  thetioE ;  «> 
cirpumstance  which  I  notice-heeause  it  prevwaied  my  patlliig.mi^ 
«iecution  a  plan.  I  had  proposed  of- making  some'f^Mierviitioaa'Oai! 
tl^  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle  in  this  nelghbottthoodv^Jthire 
b«itig<  every  reason  to  suppose  Uiat  we  should  have  found  it  to  bi^ 

Ff 


4* 


„'£A'' 


Ili#^iiiil4b^  «o  tlii^  MHii^^  yM^  iMfl«  thtt  thoM 

#ieA  iiliis,  .ad  «oi«  «U«w«i«  1^  loo^ 

^lPi»«fi»uii#>  Wit  again  to  thick  irttbaBoii^ivth^iilteniooivth^ 

miimt0Mmmikt%^ii(^  |Ntiiitni«foint,  m  i)itl«r  tii,  kttte  n9>p«i 
#|E^iiiMWiiliMf  Jatid^Qia  (Otii^  up  in  tlit.cvfnii|^  |rt  |liii|d 
t|i^ibtthie##at  leading  iiatov^^iiordiwatd^^*^ 
laii^lprtiagr  tfe  tiwi  aoittlMiard  of  it^  throngb^iplttclt^ivrlMd  aa^iil 
til  1^  #«Mm»d  Jlie  pntetdiog  y«ar,  being;|io«  aoMplaady  tlookail 
lif^illtfa^vl^  4}d  did  ikoliH^ 

ma  HlMid  ^tridg  tltia  ieaton.    we  had  iMre  oaeailiiDt^M^^ 
mi^  iittt^kif  V'degf^^^iN:  ^dag^iiieft^^#Mf«i»#itiwR^apN^^ 
lit«lii^llli>^lid;  in  Ittdgiit^ 
iilltiiilfipillaUci^^M 

lili^iMiiiiiidiate  fi(M»  of  ic«^^tlb»^wlABvn«aa  of 

iHif ish  n^ri^a  ao^imptraeiitibly  itith  that  of ^ d^anoiP  opon  tba 
taitd,thaffit1i^peaiibIefiroflath«^«9^  abiaaee  of  jk^  afatfdo*^ 
intMliiM^oile^daand  tite  oilier  aomaoancaa.  «sSodh«ittdaad, 
^ia^^^ilaaidn^  dila  evanioR^  «ittt  reapact  to  Ganett  lakndi  «hi^ 
waaaoa^tely  covered  wim  aiiow^  that,  aUhougli  f»a  i»af«a«^l^ 
WA  tfia  ^Itaoca^of  only  four  or  five  aaila  ham  it^<«W'ilMndd?flctr«a>i> 
^'Ima.  btan  mrnra  that  ai^  land  waa  in  tfaatdifectioiii  hadiFa  J|ai 
'   annrayad  f  ^aeidaadty  iwd  been  rtaumg  with  thfrohwt 


kV  :f\ 


^  li»|iiaaiBgfa«t»«an  Gwratt  and  Bathiiwt>Jahnida,  «t  tha  daataoie 
df  i¥e«iilai^frtita  the  foraaer^wa  coidd  ind  no  botMni  Willie  tUrlw. 
fiv»to>i%ii|lidm»olliae$  and  when  ita«altt»a«oao^a^Mi^4m 
aiiiiMB^aaaia^diataneat  aaodiar  ialand  waa  diaaovaaad  i»di»iiordl. 
fiai%iirilgaii>h«d  Slot  foaliDre  bean  aaen«  and  whidt^  I  naaaad  aftar 

S^^ad^and  former  coininander,  Captam  Thoniaa  Bakaa,  of  tkn 
yal  iKavy.  The  aaatam  part  of  Bathntat.  iaiand  wna  now  d^ 
«frvad^^ta^«iiend:ihrdicr  ti^  the  N;N^  dian  wa  tend  befota  baatt 
enablad  lam^  tc^  tafwinadttg  by  a  praat  of  buid«  aaUaACapo  C^ipa^ 
out  ofi^raapiact  to  tha  Hotenrahie  Captain,  TbMin»Bbde»;eM^ 
df-'thla'iltf^  N»ay»     ■  -^       <    .  .   ■    ■ 

We  contimiadto  run  along  tha  adga  of  the  tec  totbo  aaa|witd> 
titt  kidf  paat  ten  F*AI^>whan  analtt  land  baiag$diaCiMrarad»4ia«id, 
of  the  aBtcni  and  paaition  of  wbish  We  had  anfaaidotMi^  knowledge 
a«d$.'the  mght  growing  dMk^^dia  ahiaa.'Wiaco  ho^Wi^aL^wi^i' ihaiv 
beada  to  the  aofthwaiil  ond  waalwi«l%'l»  wMali 
waa-a  spkbe^of  «lcar«  Water  at^eral'tadaa^i  axkent^ 
fiKfaoma,  on  nbottam  of  aolt'  annd. 

Iknriof  ngMft  got  ngbt  of  the^Hmd  at:  half  Wt  tww  jMM^  oa 
dia  29th,  wa  bora  op  for  it,  along  tho^dga  of  tba  ka^  v^dalkft.  tti^ 


i^UiibSSsii!^ , 


'^4. 


^m&WJ^^^W^' 


',  nc- 


\*PW?i*,fr:.'"^'<i'= 


SStiPwi>*  initial  HlMl^ditctwwiA  tii»  pw*^IW^^S2.r 

.wttw^n^awiKiP  Wi«ri^  out  iJiJrtf^Iif^^^SS^ 

aamr  alMe  #liei«  «!^liid^i9«(»^«^e«<^>fc;  aiul  u  we  c<Miis«i- 
c6veriiotbiilgM|»  ikwdMiHrter,  s«t  <«»t*«toM(i  !»  AeboiMWii  we 

•r  niill^  <»f  tbe  tidtev  itt  ^in^  pluetb    Tbe  space  betwe«a  Hi  and 


'■"»);■. 


Ti  '""r'3 

^^x' 


.. ,; 


>!!'/.    t  of 


«» «H«t  ot  90  wiUu^  discov^rmg  wy  ogciOiig  to  «E«wg» 


-*i  - 


'J  m--„ 


A,      u— 


i^is|w  of  MMtniiag  it  tethe  •o»«lw^<»^*«?^*«W^^^^ 
-ftctiiig  ou    obhfc^    T<tth?the  pi!«««»ti«^wui»«*»Mil.lh*f;«l^^ 

abemxdt  of  >oK»4irte  |>rocmdm»« »»« iioitiil|Oti»gMil»:aoit,itf  *^ 
loniBi^^uptilio  ineeen  w^ih wUchme  |itd*l*«|i.tlW«Mit»»^«IW»^ 
IM«il«jet«t»»igbvt«im«it  coroWer  it  espdMitift%4o'^£^  ^«v>NI 
iilbN&tdtlie  offiMTB  and  mealn«b«A^M»i #1ll^t«•«i^«wp^^<»f 
«*oltd3tl»  ftUfctBwtiice  pi  pswta 

.inch  li  lyfotoitioii^o^^ia^as  miifblki&maik^'^mm^9i^^ '» 
iMiiiry  whieby  «n  acceiinttof  tht  nofew^tlilMaBttedJtff^^ 
Mticeooom^  iiitthi»»«r^e;-it^mttit  bc^^fioiifelMdi^  w«li*tffl^^  oftea 
«Hi^d .  iiiite 'weiitt»«d  Sir;|»«w»^^ 
.fa|M#^Qn^t«o4lilidiiidteiiaiic«  olibi^  elcMen 

l«iiMli»p4Bd;  oii^tlk«%iia^  otbeis  •ptfitet 

i»{8au«ely  enough  fw^orhmg.  men^ibit  aoy4]^i»0th;of'  tt»e,  I/lli8« 
lieve  the)«Mduc»en  of' Ibel  wa»'^gMMn%:cooMd«re<i  b^i|»r.tbe 
gveater  pvivaiion  of .  the  twow 


;'i 


.<! 


■«^H  i.  .J-. 


':V:a- 


W«»Mii'«loiig  the  Mtttb  ihote,  tik-t)ld#ieM»Kf¥  of  four  99  ivft 
leigoeivtwith^tt  £priifwesteriy^  wind,  aild>fiiiei«jleftr  weather}  t»;kifty 
oirthflt;coaat^^«tltllle'?to  the  westwaftljof^Gape-York,  wa»r/ii«pied 
aftai  my  friwdv^theHoi^ottraWe-^r;  Eardley*  We  noti^dv* 
8tn]iiDgei»UMit3r  tnlhe «ok^[icaluohaiHMter  i^^^ 
<Mt,4<«  fartam^we^oould^odge'  at  »dyK|l|li0e^to  that  on  th^rAp^ 
*i^afaor»  ofHfiarvmc'sfitrait^  bothi)eikigramarkabl&  for  thi^^^ 
treae^UkftatrtwUn^V  which- haa  befbite  befea  Observed  to^i^nMiA^ 
th»«Mic#«of«>avl»viaiidc^hi«h  gives  thia  land  a  nagnificeiii:  and  lini^ 
pcwiogi|)|Mi«>aMev  ^vtcH  a*4t  is  impossiblef  to  describe,  r  ■  ThOiiflhoA^ 
^fiaa-eoteredtwitli  ic«  tO' the  distance  of  four < or  five  mitesyiaad 
^fftrstaoUtny  iceberg  was  seen  in  the  course  of  the  afi^moon?* 
h««tthftrfat«i^t  w«»v  in  odier  reapeets^peffeetly  free  from  o)^ttuer 
ilm^%¥^%f^lmnm9M*^Jii*t  were.a^Eeast  c^  4  bluff  and  reroarkabie 
headifnd^'wlUdt^i'i named. ftfter  my  much-eateeaied  fnend^ Mr» 
Wiiliam  Petric  Craufurdt  and  to  the  eastward  of  which  the  Imd 
a^MWtd  torracade,  formittffft  tecge  bi^.  l.continued.to  run  dur- 
ing the^jji^i,  hoiK«y«r,  btii)rd«i>«ua  of  taking  advantage  of  the 
w•8asrlyvb•e•^•^whleh^wa8  stUlblowingi  to  rub.  outrof  Sir  Jameaj 
isBMaster^ ''Sound.   •.-,-'  •  '     r  %.'' 

<«.l»Maa«o«^)tgkt  i(»aottgh«itt  halt-paat  three  on. the  rooniing  of  tho 
3iil^  «lttlbl^«t^  toijaerCflveiithas  the  land  immediately  to.  the;  Dasiti 
waid  of  G*pe  Grauoard  wM/noit  eoatiouous,  there  bding  a  spaitA.^ 
8iibtending»ttn  «ii%le«ii£'Sl^^^vlilJtfae  middio  of  the  supposed  b^n 
whene  none^waa-inaibte^f  though  the  weath^^-r  was  perfct^y  ^lear. 
As  the  wind  drew  ah^ioat  dtrecOy  out  of  this  opening,  to  vhlGh 
Lgave/thriuune^ofAdi^ixAliy inlet,  and,  as  it  was  e«Hw#.P«ctt- 


J(V 


iRivk*, 


lag  it JSTLTL^y^'^^  P^WIn,  after  my  fficad  Cuptria 

tj^*  IW WMI 100  liWf » Itt^^^^ja^^ 


I 


t 


'•onpurison  with  .llMfr  t»  whlA  !»•  I»d  Iwdf  1^ 

B^  off  Cut  ikl^wrpool,  wliiA  iMtAMd  tolwwigdlq^apiiili 

iBfpSiat  of^iMM  MriiipMniRHrify  )lvm\mA  iimt^m^mm)m 

ef  «bov«^  UM^waMT  betuM  of  «  mr  ttghfgtoti^cikNHlMf^ 

filled  with  iimoMcnibls  thodt  of  the  AwgwmM  Arttim^Umm 

nobouom  with  eightjr  fikthoin*  oCline,  at  the^  dlMBceioi  two  i«t 

ihiM'«nl«i^frow.A»'9lMrt*  ^^■Ut^Sm.^m^  v^'MmMf*"^  ^' 

•inplwo  ^thNdMn#«olie^l«drrWlnle«'«'a«dfaefli^^ 

gulltf  pbakiopee»atfd  littlaHvpoa«lr^?*'^^ 

lainMiNioibeKof ^whatoi^we4i«d  wet  with  4iiif.0B»'-^'iiMiafli'fu|lii«»' 

famt»Lan«wlcf'irB6tikid  tti  l«l«,it«<NiillH^ 

sunriaa  to  «■  that  wa^had  now  ee^iw^larf^btiiiteir^^titWM^ 

expectadiT .  -In,  thfra»iaaidg#eiiifciadi^f|»-^aaait«wa#:iwi  iah>»^ 
a  loDfflow  ieeheifi  batwaco  tbit  hcadlM^aail  1^^ 
Im  than  thiee^ttartflw  olftimle  in  langdiyai^ilidlaaa^an^ 
at  the  lop }  thie  Iik4«iii#herf  a)]fiMfi^««bft»^^ 
fined  to  the  waatern  eoaM  df  Baffii^  ^0iA,  l%ia^liilfy#i^«» 
sever  mat  with  them  in  aiqt  other  fMVt^rlb^aaifplQl^^ 
upon  dw  low  attlp»of  lipid  which  o«tiiir  hrtlia$n  di#i#iot^.  of  ithft 
hiUa  and  the  sea  kin«(^ |>mm  of  th)«co«it«  ^  ^    i  .^ 

mA»  it  app^i^  l»  naa  that  eooeidatillde  aetyice^4l^|t  ha|an*^ 
dared  by  ntenafal>«attt««f  of  the  waalain  «aai*v4l  lMli|%  Jp^f 
which,  ftoa  Sur  »|anea  Laacaa^r^a  Sdohd  lOMhwarda,  minhl  onpi 
d^  become  an  itnportant'statioh  for  our  whalersy  I  detarmlaad  t(| 
h^pi  aa  cloae  to  that  ahore,  during  our  |Muaaga  down,  aa^  i# 
and  |h«  wind  would  permit;  and  at  Oie  cxperianer  of  Oka  Maaf 
vo)N#  had  led.ua  la  aiippoar  that  thin  «oa^ 
oi  lea  during  th»  whida  of  Saptambar^I  dnmie^Jhat  thia  mondii 
cQidd^notba  latter  an^ii^  than  m  tha  axaH^nailon  of  in  vaimK 
looabaya  and  hdats.'  cSuch  an  examiiiMioo  nppearedttomkaftM 
mofa  dasiraUai  4ioai?the  hope  of  finding  lomo  new  ontlat  into  thtt 
Fohm  Saa  in  a  lower  Uititude  than  that  of  ^;  J«nea  Lancailaf^a 
Sound,  n  discovary  which  would  be  of  infinite  importance  towardt 
thai  accomfdiatoieniiof  the  North*We«t  Faasaga. 

Piaviouelf  t6  commencing  thia  aurvef,  it  waamy  wish  to  hav« 
hmded  at  FoaaassioniBayrof  which  the  lohgitttde:  had  been  aco»> 
ratcfyvdinteimined  on  two  former  occasions,  in  order  to  compare 
our  chiooometera  with '^e  tima  found  th^re,  as  an  intermemaia^ 
nation  between  WiMer  Harbour  and  £ngUind  j  but,  as  this  would 
hami  delaaiMd  ua  a  jwhole  nigbtf  withr  a  fair  wiod»  and  with  the 
ahanao  of  tha  followiug  day  being  after  all  unfavourable  for  ob- 
aaiiiwdans,  I  gave^up  my  intention,  and  made  all  sail  along  ahoiin 
tothaaonthwardi-Thiatwas^  however^  the  lasa  to  be  re|^a^aii' 
aft;lha  few  obsarvationa  obtained  during  our  quick  return  fsoA 


\rt 


f: 


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t^il»iitwwMii(Mfli»  0»J»ay%  Winter  HiAour.  ^^T^' 


ji^-<      -.         ■  ■  ■■  iwiFiB  wn  FjF  jm  ill  uiHtisi^ 


^^2 


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1  "^    ' 
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1^1.:-,-', 


}(.. 


938 


»' 


-#^  ■«■■■•• 


CHAPTER  XI. 


miMUrp-^Jheoimt  ^tom  Btpdmmue  w  tke  Inkt  edkd  tht  Mfur 

MsmtiOt  9f  6%r^0Wgmlto  nmta  am  Emtwari^Frumm  M- 
tmfrff  to  refute  $k$  Umd,  amd  Final  Mh/mrtimfrtm  tk$  Ae— Jbi. 
mmrkt  vipom  ift*  JH^Mle  ItotifMce  owl  FnummtUff  of  •  MrlH^ 
JPtel  l><i«M0t,  siitf  iifMii  ihe  fFhaU-FUhanh^MoUUnm  HlBafAfrli 

Jhrimd  in  MngUmi,  ^' 

TH£  wind  contlnning  fresh  from  the  northwird,  on  the  momin^ 
•f  the  lit  ^  8e]tteiBher,  we  bore  up  tod  ran  along  the  hnd,  uUi 
o^r  dir,Mrttti«  fironi  the  iag-st*ff  In  PosfeeMion  Bay^  b«irhig  ^.S^  ~ 
iVe  mlKeii  it  hklf^pistl  fb&  A.M.  Having  passed  two*  wMh 
ill  thetoiM  M'menibriiii^,  mzwttt  abreai^  of  Cip^G^hiii 
Moore  towirds  pmmi,  inhere  the  ice  led  us  off  t6  the  dtlttanice  <^ 
fth^  of  sev^  iA|ilei'fi-oin  the  land.  Some  water  brot^g^t  t^p  In  W* 
]^l#:et'i  bo^I'froin  the  dlepth  of  one  hundred  itt^d  ten  fethoilfs 
#M  at  the  teiJltM^iture  of  S(H%  that  of  die  suriace  bem|f  X4%  anil 
of  the  air  91*.  llie  specific  gravis  of  the  surface-tivter  at  nocjii 
Wtti  mONe;  «ttheli»m|^rature  of  49". 

"When  abreaM!  t>ruie  iiilet,  which  had  been  called  Pond's  Bfty  oil 
the  Ibrmeir  iiqw^M  jilv  the  opening  of  the  two  shores,  as  far  as  thb 
e^  e<ilild  i^eimi  si^j^i^aktd  ao  large  as^  tb  e^eite  considerable  hit^ 
eit.  W^  theitlorie;  hauled  in  with  thfe  iiit«*n«lon  pf  exayiilnrlk 
Itot Ibtiiid' the  ice  sd  dose,  that  the  ship wm  stopped' dmbsf  iirail| 
eutrite^;  iPhe  weather,  howeven  tras  at  this  time  i^marl^bl^' 
(i^^aJbdHt  was  the  opinion  of  the  oflUcerisi  as  weU  astnjr  bwt^ 
^Mrtihe('tWd^shOirei  did  liot  unite,  there  being  nearly  a  whole'pbi^ 
of  th^  dMit|M»8  in  which  no  land  was  visible ;  and  it  wa*  the  geiii«^ 
rill^<^  that  tills  opening  would  be  found  to  commnnickte  wit^ 
th^  NaVy-Board  or  Admiralty  Inlet. 

THiice  led  ui^oflP  very  much  to  the  eastward  after  leaving  Pbftdl 
Biy  ;  and  tht^  weather  became  calm^  with  small  snow,  towiUrds  m}#' 
liigh^^- In  tl^lb- day's  run,  the  cOmpass-courses  were  oecasidaiittjf 
mselted  in  the  log-book,  being  the  first  time  that  the  magni^ 
Hiedle*  had  bedtr  made  use  of  on  board  the  Hecla,  for  the  purpoM^f, 
of  liavigirtlon;  for  more  than  twelve  months.  A  few  ro^es  ^itlir 
jIHS^  weleseenv^ding  the  first  this  season. 

'|%ere  being  some  swell  upon  the  ice,  which  extended  gciwndlj^ 

Gg 


'fi 


J.4 


t94 

to  the  difltMMc  of  thfM  or  four  leaguM  from  the  lud,  wt  wtrt  tts-^ 
der  the  necettity  of  heaviog-to  for  «  few  hours  at  Bight*  a  prtcaii*^ 
tioa  which  wu  alwayn  hence-forward  adopted  in  runnin*  down 
tibia  coast.  At  nine  A.M.,  on  the  Sd,  we  were  abreast  an  inlat  liav* 
ing  every  appearance  of  a  well-sheltei ed  harboarf  with  an  Island 
near  the  miaole  of  its  entrance.  Soon  after  passing  this  inlet*  we  came 
to  a  number  of  icebergs  abound  in  forty-five  tathoms*  on  a  sandv 
•bottom,  afterwards  deepenmg  to  seventy-eij^t  fitthomsi  a  tlde^OMK 
of  four  or  five  feet  was  observed  upon  eaeh  of  the  icebergs*  Soma 
water  brought  up  in  Dr.  Marcet's  bottlo  from  tha  depth  of  saven^* 
five  fathoms,  was  at  the  temperature  of  5Si*t  that  af  tha  snrfiMO 
being  SS*,  and  of  the  air  33*.  We  again  commenced  throwing  boC> 
des  overboard,  cootaiolnff  papers  with  the  usual  information,  which 
practice  was  contint^ed  daily  till  the  EspediUon  reached  £ngland. 
We  saw  no  ice  to  ihe  eastward  of  us  in  the  course  of  this  dsy's 
run,  nor  any  blink  in  that  direction. 

On  the  morning  of  the  3d,  we  passed  some  of  the  highest  icf- 
bergs  I  have- ever  seen,  one  of  them  being  not  less  than  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  to  two  hundred  feet  above  me  sea,  Judcing  from  th« 
height  of  the  Griper's  masts,  when  near  it.  At  hiuf-past  seven 
A.M.,  beinf  <^a  point  of  land,  which  is  comparadvely  bw  near  tha 
sea,  with  hills  rising  at  the  height  of  more  than  a  thousand  feat 
above  ^  sea,  we  observed  to  the  southward  a  remarkable  dark 
perpendicular  cliff,  forming  the  most  sin^iular  and  coospieuoua  ob- 
ject we  had  seen  upon  this  coast.  l*his  cUif,  which.  In  eomllf 
from  the  northward  has  the  appearance  of  being  detacncdi  aa4  S 
not  unlike  the  Bass  Rock  in  the  Frith  of  Forth,  is  situated,  aa  we 
afterwards  discovered,  upon  an  island,  Iving  in  the  entraacaolQBa 
of  the  numerous  inlets,  or  Jlordt,  with  which  this  co«st  is  iodaQHd* 
The  wind  becoming  light  and  variable  in  the  forwooQ,  I  took  itm 
opportunity  of  landing  near  this  inlet,  accompanied  by  Ctptala  |a- 
mne,  and  some  of  the  other  officers.  The  latitude  o^enred  on  boml 
it  noon  was  71*  84'  30",  being  only  two  miles  and  three  quarters  to 
the  southward  of  the  dead  reckoning  in  three  days,  by  which  wa 
considered  that  there  could  be  no  current  of  any  impartwct  setting 
in  that  direction  on  this  part  of  the  coast.  The  soundings  Wi9l| 
tUghty-eight  fathoms  on  a  muddy  bottom }  the  temperature  of  tha, 
ana  at  that  depth  was  33",  at  tlie  surface  SAi*,  that  of  tha  ^Mmes- 
phere  being  38*. 

.  We  landed  on  a  bold  sandy  beach,  two  or  three  miles  to  the 
northward  of  a  low  point*  at  the  entrance  of  Uie  inlet,  towtrde 
Wl|i<^  we  walked,  and  ascended  a  hill  at  the  back  of  the  poiql«  In 
pr^er  to  obtain  a  view  of  this  large  opening.  We  now  found  Wit 
i^e  perpendicular  cliff  formed  the  north-eastem  point  of  •  remerlUhi* 
bly  >teep  and  precipitous  island,  on  each  side  of  which  Uicra  iji  • 
wide  and  bold  entrance.  Above  the  island,  the  inlet  bmncbes  fff 
in  at  least  two  different  directions,  which  our  situation  would  not 


9S5 


4  tH^om  lit  to  trace  to  iny  great  dikt^ne^,  but  we  ttw  no  termlmitlte 
to  either  of  them.  - 

The  mineral  productiona  were  found  to  coniiit  pr^ooifNillf  of 
granite  and  gneiii }  bat  there  was  aleo  rbundance  of  lini<^iil6o<r  tad 
quartz,  the  latter  bcaotifuUjr  white.  T  le  vegeution  w^t  toteraMf 
luxuriant  in  eooM  niacee  upon  the  low  land  which  Lordere  the  vik^ 
eonebting  principally  <^f  the  dwarf-willow,  ffi  rrel,  4nzifrage,/flii«w 
{^ajv  Cenuui)y  and  poppy,  with  a  few  roc'%s  of  ict-rvy-graM*  Th'^ni 
waa  atill  a  great  deal  of  enow  remaining  even  on  the  lowr  parte  jI 
the  land,  on  wMch  were  numerous  poodt  of  water  i  on  f>^  .>t  Uieee, 
■  nair  of  young  red-throated  divert  which  could  not  rii ;,  were  kill- 
Mi  and  twofloeka  of  geeee,  one  of  them  cootir  .^>:  of  not  leM  t*  t 
ahcty  or  eeventy,  were  teen  by  Mr.  Hooper,  *  vho  ieecribed  tincm 
aa  bein^  very  taoN,' running  along  the  beach  before  our  people* 
wMionc  rislttg,  for  a  eenalderable  distance.  Some  glaucous  gulls 
and  ploeers  were  killed,  and  we  met  with  severe*!  tracks  of  bean, 
oeer,  wotvea,  foxes,  and  mice.  The  coxswain  of  the  boat  found 
upon  the  beach  part  of  the  bone  of  a  whale,  which  had  been  cot  at 
one  end  by  a  sharp  mstrument,  like  an  axe,  with  a  quantity  of  chips 
tying  about  it,  aflording  undoubted  proof  of  this  part  of  the  coast 
BaviOg  been  visited  at  no  distant  period  by  Esquimaux ;  it  is  more 
dian  probable,  indeed,  that  they  may  inhabit  the  shores  of  this  in- 
let)  which  time  would  not  now  permit  us  to  examine.  More  diail 
eix^  ice<^rgs  of  very  large  d*me'"<«ions  were  in  sight  from  the  top 
of  me  bttl,  togedivr  with  a  numb  ;  o'  extensive  floes  to  the  north- 
east and  south-east,  at  the  distance  of  four  or  five  leagues  from  Ae 
land. 

.  The  latitude  of  the  place  r  -'  observation  on  shore  was  iri*  tS* 
34'%  its  longitude  71*  17'  93' .6,  and  the  variation  of  the  magnetic 
needle  91*  S8'  3V  westeriy.  The  tide  was  falling  when  we  land- 
ed {it  was  low  water  by  the  shore  at  three  o'clock,  and  at  half-rastv 
fit«i  when  we  leu  die  beach,  it  had  risen  only  twelve  inches.  The 
tide  set  to  the  southward  in  the  offing  during  the  afternoon,  especiid- 
W  about  three  o'clock,  at  which  time  the  Hecla  was  observed  by 
Lieutenant  Beeehey  to  be  drifting  fast  against  the  wind  in  that  di- 
Tectioo. 

On  our  return  on  board,  I  found  that  a  piece  of  whale-blubber, 
leut  into  a  square  shape,  had  been  picked' up  on  the  water,  which 
we  then  considered  as  a  confirmation  of  this  part  of  the  coast  being 
inhabited^  but  wliich  vras  afterwards  more  satisfactorily  accounted 
for. 

The  wind,  which  had  been  light  from  the  southward  during  the 
idght,  shifted  to  die  north-west  early  in  the  morning,  which  i^.^ 
-dttced  me  to  give  up  the  intention  I  had  formed  of  furaier  examin- 
ing the  inlet,  and  we,  diertfore,  continued  our  course  along  shore 
tb^thc  aottthward.    At  seven  A.M.,  on  the  4tb,  we  passed  another 


If 


'?-■ 


S$6 

ialeti  »iiiu|ar  to  thtt  of  the  pr^eceding  day,  though  qnuch  »inf#^» 
the  iao4  being  olf.  the  tame  steep  and  precipitoua  chanicter,  an4  Uw 
W#|f»;flW^y.4cepncarit.  ;^.      ■.; 

,Tiif  ^tade  observed  wi^  71*  02 ,  42'\AgrjBeittg,«ithia,a  la^le  of 
<)|e,Mco|iat»  so  tliat  no  cujrrent con^d  weU  haye,quslfd  aincft;|^ 
|i^e<ieding,dayV  <^s«iTa^o9^  In  !ioan(M,og  hi  ,||su^^  nrnt^jp 
fr|^  Qot  a  ut^  surprised  in  •j^^ing  Matu^  k^  thirteejn  fallmiHH 
t^  appearance , of ,  tnc  •lbon$«  /rom  wjaich  jft,  were  thifee  or  Jpw 
If^ues  diaf^  indicating,  yeiy  deep  w'a^i  A  b«ai|  was.  aentjir 
hfad  t9,^u^d,.thff  ^ipd  haying  iwaifi  hrp^uU»%J)|r  f$pm  the  soia^ 
fl  ij  at  tW9  pMoi^.  f  e  «udd«^  i^eepen^ ,ti%* Wl^r  t^  t^iJM^- 
^d  ^oon  after  tei  fiiftyH|i»  lathoipis.  4^  |n^  PnAl**  we  4upa 
|M»d  into  $fteen  fatliomat  ^uut  tl^  bo»|»  i^^d  found  m.  WW 
^gjiiJbjf ep, ,  on  w^|i?h  ji^yetal  n^aiiaes  of^  iif rt^.M^i^,  fpt9y|pi» 
out,  as  usual,  the  »tent^  the  ih|o4  MlM^-  *?«««  »wo  Jb»||It 
which  confbt  of  coarae  sand  with  broken  shellsr  were  nain|i;d<9i^ 
t|i(;  llecia  an^  pripf  r  i  they  iTorm  a  striking  exception  to  ^,  g^^. 
xi|itu|p.oif  judging  cift^^  boldi|es8  of  a  C4;^t  by  ||^^  appisxup^ol 
t|||^'Shorea....         ^, .   .  -;--  v/.^v- ,■■.;,  -     .  <  >u.-t- 

,,Winit  Dccupi«f  i^^attpudiilg  to  ^  sQW^divgit,  f^^  s^t(^^pam^ 
<|ur  astt^nishment  jm^y  rfadily^ha  ccmceiy<|fi,  Of  #«eipiu,  |fo<B  t^^^^ 

»i|t-^^»  «  ^:  mm^mf^  two  oj^irii^li^tbe  opfei^^ 
«ce  aqoaascertawjed  to  be,  whalers,  atf»ding  ^i  towi|i4>  wi.|aa«»r 
^ey  afterwards  bore  up^to  the  iM>rthwar4  i^ug  the^  e4gf^q|^|^ 
i^ljf  h»#  »««»»7!S^  ^d  we  los^wili^jftNIIWii  *  "^^^ 

Xt^wap  iijOf  eyu^nt^^f,UHs,cofi«t,  which  M  Jiith9^J^% 


dfuredvOy  the  whafen,  as  whoUy  inaccesaibie.ip  ao  high  a  laitit) 
h|d  becoine,a  fishing  station  like  thatou  ,|||f  oppMHc^  or  ^ec\<^ 
aj|o^,  and  the,cirCTi|«iatou«^ 

Xf!^*  %¥?!«^^  te<^  thiftj^^^^,  wushm^m^^mmm' 

j«ed#?iiu^  ,r||^^e^tf|^yiji|^*  W         pick- 

.t^jjl^  aisa^^  in  a  MUfih^r  manner., 

^  sti^ng  ii;i-9K»^  at  ni^ht^  we  got  ic(tp.aBep  water,  h^ti^ei;9|» 

the  banks  and  the  iand»  haying  no  soundiinga  with  sixty  to  jptii^ty 

t»^^»x^  line,  wheje  w%  lay-to  tili  ^a^4dj^ 


'<U! 


t«J 


J*  t««  «^  Wl#Jy  <H>  *e  naornii^g  ^  tF^^^lt^!,,  tjia^,  i^e,  |^^ 
aMrcely  ^arry  our  doubli^  reefed  to{^ii|\,^^i1'!^|9..w«  afte^«pf(^ 


learned  fr9apt.t|^  fishing-ihiM^  jf^i^h  !|(e^iiUHliili^yN#?W>!tr 
therp  w^as  scarcely,  a  breath  of  wii|d  at  a  few  lea|piieit'  distance  fruHP^ 


tAtlvatcdoa  comp^^uir^ly  low  land,  rhi^  comuaeaajeft 


..^™tfSpW*...-vW^ 


ilb>A&2£^^iLl< 


/SiL«is*Nc:» 


iMMce  to  the  soittMimH  ncKl  th*  •«•.  W«  cdMted  thi#to|^siia(i]g 
ts  we  had  done  in  the  preceding  voyage,  at  tht  di»tail#  ofi<*N>  w 
thre«  milef,  |wiyil»g  from  )Ewe»lyrt^r^«  to  tweniynaiTO  %*^ 
vetev.  W0  »W«*  w»««  wjy*  ansthwr  of  our  ftshio^^ipa*  JW 
p^^^  hf  tin  {.ee» «( Iin»,:Mr.  WiUiaitiion  mMi«r  j  <«^«M 
li«l0i||ilf4#OM»P8  other  «vwifi  of  a  ^c  ^^|*^JlT&^ 
a^«M^erii««l'  IQ  ttHf  tte«  piibUo  cdamity  wV«h  EngWiA  haa^MF 
Hilitd^  ip  the  d^fth  of  our^  late.  !ir«iMi«b|e  .Xnd  Moved  M^Mt^tm; 
«lAi^tha4««^9CMt%Roy«IHi|^neMlhe  Dtihe  of  Jteafc^  Mte 

to  thi#  <io«H  W  W^^^^  "«*  had  iQmeM^to 

,  <nt.p9rt  in  |iiMit# M»f  tb^  fialhi  P»f  or  t*rd  of,  tte<Atps  ;MB;l#tt2 
dc^MKanred  ixit^tniMijhoai^  by  fuiwriatt  do#n  thia  eoMt,  bfik:m 
Ml4  tb«4cft^lMM«M^«bot»i  ihe,latitii#,«f  6HV^t»iik<>«^ 
<^  <ba  oihiift^t^^^Aail  .lo,the  QMibwisiv«n  otder  t»  get  b*JD  i<p^#» 
same  w«y  c^Wt  ^yi<!iMiie«     Mr*  WiHiainadn  ako  refpofted^Mt  Mff 
in«*  •4M»'<8r'tiKd«bef0re»  mtt  with  ioiAe  Esquiiiiaiix  :iiif«li  Mift^ 
mmcd  ^hW'^lii^  ClydeiB  1918,  which  was  jaat;t6  the«d«MM»d 
'^r  ut*    C^0iiil4enn#  it  a  maiter <of  some  inteveft  to<  cooiaicudcite 
i^  tl^.^<^lk»  Mbo  h<Kk#  pfsbtUkji  not  bce^liefeiaft^RtiUMt^ 
]^0i»^m«vim4li^4tmic^t,  mihe  same^ate^  bptniaAii^e^ 
am^^lnle]^  ibor*  iiPf  i»  aooal  a»  I  had  seirt  our  <iea»itcln^ 
and l9iim o»biMifff  tht Lac* aadttoiod in  fo^atda the isofelt ille| 
6«ilf4  Mp»e«%  ^iAiiliiw^tt  poising  b«iw«nil»iid  the  lo^  |io^ 
hSm  ^«ii  Ihl  «s»tra«Bft  to  ti»tf  hali'*  olribft  «oi>tM»n  ««*••  \™* 
elmiii^pi^f^  ictw<%f|^  bold  in  wr«iy  parb  .At 

•oon  aia  we  had  opened  #te  intety  we  dcopjped  off  at  on^  ^W^ 
tti0^'m^m^mm^^^^  fiithomlsof  Une  J  we  tfaea  litf&ti 

ed  0Vfr  ta^>iliii^ll9«ttmentr«adi  pMsing  at  the  distance  of  omr  ht^- 
d^ ilidfii^llMNk  from  il^  hft* twenty-seven  £itJ|iom8,  on  n  b^» 
tC|jill|-.ofi:.fl3<lB|l!ifiP<l:i.    ":  •''"  '""'''' 

ii^i^wMNb^^i^WRaiOf^  f<V  three  or  four  astles  towards  soi^e  li^ 
lflbn#^^ilWf  whNlh  i«c  ^«f»  dhrected  to  looft.  for  the  £sqfl1maiix 
huts*  r^ighl^^pam^on^  h$w«^  hfiSun  we  coold^scovertheilii ; 
and;  w«^,^efefore»  slQod  ont  titt  di|y*lighti  We  sa#»  in  thift  course 
olM»4ti9imfm^'^  a  d|»ettl|r»black  whabs^  jprmtipaBy'nMr 
t)|9  MliaiM^tha  l^ad^  Mr.  Macbnde  aiaster,  f«s 

ifia^t#^^ll^fai^miilfW^lfli»Jthld^  >  ^   *\. 

t^^fiiiN^«iie4oo^^«^«idi^ittowi  oothe  monfanof  the  OUfV 
tp  all«>w  w  m  Waftd  in  k^  the  )and.     We  spoke  the  Fnendihi|»J^; 
aii4  Mr»  «IJ»|  <!!*tj*llla  oi^     kindly  oileted  na  any  aa«|i«««(# 

mJiVlh^li^  icebergi  whStK,  ffmm 

•Suntioii  and  4ini«ilalda%  «ra  wcdgnised  t6  be  the  aamt  thiirhid 
i^fi^ilHifwuvad  io  $efie«iber4  1818,  and  fonnd  to  be  vpwmm ^ 
'tm  vaie§  in  kn|;th.    It  #ar  aground  in  precisely  the  MMfte  tpot 


/:^| 


''11 


>\ 


W. 


938 


i 

I^K* 

i 

1 

1 

jBf 

m. 


lit  b^^iir«»  wlMve  it  will  probably  remain  year  after  year,  till  gmdu- 
idSf  iPfiibd  Inr  diMolution. 

*  Atil^  ia  toe  evening,  being  near  the  outermoit  of  the  islands^ 
wim  ^blMji ««  afterward!  found  this  inlet  to  be  itadded*  we  ob<^ 
8firf|dIlbi»c«noet  paddling  towards  the  ship;  they  approached 
iipi' great  confidence,  and  came  alongside  without  the  leaitap- 
]MlMI|iiace  of  fe^or  suspicion.  While  paddling  towards  us,  aAd  in^ 
4ae(l!bia^9tn  we  cnuld  plainly  perceive  their  canoes,  they  continued 
>Wi£u«l%  loudly ;  but  nottmg  tike  m  song,  udr  even^  any  irti^o 

%■  which  can  be  #^saed  by  words,  could  be' di^ 

Their  canoes  were  taken  onboard  4^  their  own  4#i 
.intimated  by  signs,'  and  with  their  assi8tane6,aiifl 
,^.  ip^  cams  up  the  side  without  hesitatimi.  These  peoplto 
cipl^  npinu  old  man,  ApMruttly  much  abdrveHilityf  «ad  Ihfii' 
}|iiiiigeri£i»m  nineteen  to  mnffUn  of  age.>  Ai  smm  is^thi^ 
dpkt'^  4<B^<Mr  voctft^^  tolner«as«  With  their  tii^ 

tt|pilliicnf«.tlud»  I  may  add^thdr  j^tiasure  ^for  the  ree^^ptlcin  t|ilN» 
'^'"'^  fllCb  seemed  to  crrate  no  lesw  joy  than  tfttrpnler^i^ti^iemhr# 
;  iekiliwd  a-f  resent,  or  were  shewn  any  tldngi  Hrhieh  ^exci^Bd 
adilab^oii^tiiey  e»resied  their  delighrby  loud  alidife|lenc>'» 
'  BulltipttSj  iihleh  th^y  sometimes  contiduvd  ^Wil  ihtfy  ^^m^ 
jprie,  ai|d  out  of  brsuth,  with  the  eicertick    l!^ 
fiprfssing  theiir  tatitfaotion  was  aceora^pai^ed  by  irj 
'  L<»ml^Ued  for  prnunute  ormore,  ace(W#tt|  to  ^  a 
liim  which  czcHtd  it^  and  the  bodily  p^wenl'of^fli  ^ 
rf|«foM  it^  the  old  manbeing  rather fOiotafiHi^'btttlidll^ 
p^.'iiiilHEist,  t9^9•  thru^  -'n^    "^--'^^  'i«*» 

fabme  time  paised  on  deck,  durrag  which  n  few  skint  iini#' 
'    Bwtre  bimg^  Iniiath^mtthey  wefM^tiiett  d6)«ririi^ 
Xb^ounf^voues^fveeived  the  prapi^ 
re(««tar%,  ^  tlMr^  s»w  that  their  oU  eomfeiill^  WHtF 
Itiieai^epamplet  and  th^  then  liQilbw«d#itii»^^ 
;  loop  odMskm  to  remark' thit'^iey  «^f«m«ihbcfM 
\  pip  the  Ea^uinuittxt  who  had  vit^d  ourehips  in 
#a|ih*fastern  e^ast  of  BaffinV  BK^^    Although  wii 
m  loss  liQ*  an  interpreter,  we  had  tio^l^t  ^iKnt^^ 
^d  pan  understaiM^  by  shewing  him  an  en^tmveit^ 
%apl^^        LicMilen«iit  Bi«dke^  was  de8kK)tii#^ 
Mtiardrawiiipgof  htli4    B«  wastteeMdiiijIf  pfaktid 
^ijke  fire,  and  sillui  moi«  than  anhoniiSi^iA''««iy 
l|i|^|||lirie  and  stMdineas«  considering  that  n  barter  for 
^  "^  ^«|iir|y  af|4^wha>d»^  going  ip»fli>theitaiietinili 

'  wiw^iiidned,  k<fft  ^i^t  by  iihe  preMatt'Whialt  wci#' 
\  tSup  to  time  f  and  when  thie  ftrilad,iiii4ie  be^niwi^ 
h^li<»ve,l  eadeairourod  to  f«mui#)u»tlHit  w«^wiiidM#'^ 
lit  nositimi,  by  placing  my  handisbislbm  ttaflMldlB||^ 
^(MsaaauquQg  n  gra^  and  dtmure  look.    W^  na#i 
old  gentleman  warn  mimic,  as  well  as  a  very  good* 


^^ 


i.ill'?'-^' 


miir:^^^^m^!^mmr 


"iMMMiid!!iiM>kj^ 


S39 


Bi^tiured  and  obliging  man;  fer^  wheiiever  Idid  tUi^lMi  |[i^^ 
imitatied  me  in  such  a  manner  as  to.  create  conuderable  ^'-^^~  *  ~ 
among  his  own  people,  as  well  as  ours,  and  then  verjr 
his  seat.  While  he  was  sitting  for  his  ^ctQre,  tiia 
stood  behind  him,  bartering  their  commodtties  Irith^eit^ 
but  in  a  manner  trhich  shewed  them  to  be  no  strangera  to  . 
If,  for  instance,  a  knife  was  offered  for  any  article^  they  woi^^ 
sitate  for  a  short  time,  till  they  saw  we  were  deternioed'  tb  j 
no  biglMr  price,  md  then  at  cmce  consented  to  the  iexeliMiigie. 
this  case,  as  well  as  when  any  thing  was  presented  fo  4lel||  j 
immediately  licked  it  twice  with  weir  tongues^  afller  whit^  1 
seemed  to  ccmsider  the  barg»n  satisfoetorilir  eonclii«lbd. , 
youi^st  o£  the  party  very  modestly  kept  behmd  tlli  dAuilt^:,_^^^ 
bfiore  hs  was  observed  to  have  ^one  so,  missed  sevehtt  prt|ei^r 
ifhich  his  less  diffident,  though  not  importunate,  cmDm^flililpa 
r^fived.  As  the  night  closed  in,  they  heeime  desirons  to  d«£^ 
and  they  left  v^  before  dark,  highly  delighted  with  their  via^t.'  As 
I  had  purchased  one  ot  their  canoes,  a  boat  was  sent  to  kna^  its  Into 
owner,  as  only  one  person  can  sit  in  eaoh*  Min,  Palmer  inforqud 
me,  that,  in  going  on  shore,  the  canoes  «oi>ld  beat  our  hpaC 
much  in  rowing,  whenever  the  Esquiniaux  chose  to  exett  fL 
Slaves,  but  they  kept  dose  to  her  the  whole  way.  Oiiiii;||;^ll 
time  that  they  were  on  board,  we  had  observed  in  thiwiiV^J^^ 
aptness  for  imiuting  certain  of  ourvrords ;  and,  whU»^|ili^  ,iik 
mere,  thev  took  a  particular  liking  to  the  expression  of  **^P  ' 
{^e  way  r  which  they  heard  Mr.  Palmer  use  to  tiie  boat's 
and  which  they  frequentiy  imitated  to  tiie  great  unusemebt 
IMUties.'  •,■-■,• 

^^  Being  desirous  of  seeing  more  of  these  people,  of  whom  fhij 
i|^rview  had  given  us  a  favourable  impresstim.  I  ddEei;mli|l 
Mi|h^  during  the  night,  and  to  take  the  ships  hiffhtr  up  the 
ol^the  following  day.  Mr.  Bell  came  on  board  nroiB  me<Fil,.^„ 
ahip:  in  the  evening,  aud,  after  repeating  his  offers  of  assitUgiicii^ 
copnotonicated  to  us  many  eventeof  a  public  oatore,  whidi^mt^ 
n^but  be  extremely  interelting  to  us*  after  a  complete  sedt^^cJik. 
IfjMn  the  rest  of  the  world  for  aperiod  of  seventeen  moiM^  .^tS' 
tfUBperaiure  of  the  sea  at  the  bottom,  in  one  hundned  M 
fivjB  fathoms,  waa  9U%  and  at  the  dtpth  of  sevcn^-i^ 
3i%3;  Iliac  of  the  surfoee  water  being  3dVand  of  the  acnuMpi 
.The  calm  weather  which  prevailed  duHng  the  iiig]M»  m 
smiied  by^  a  breeze  from  the  westward  on  the  momlnjg  _ 
7di%  of  which  advanmge  was  immedUitely  taken  to  beat  up  ,tl^ 
«}iieh  proved  a  vety  extensive  one.  The  sun  did  not  btnit  ^'"^ 
the  clouds  till  half  after  seven,  when  the  expected  ediif 
fonnd  to  have  commenced,  and  I  determitaied  to  land,  with  < 
Sabine,  upon  the  nearest  isVind,  in  order  to  observe  the 
^ivdU  as  to  <d)tun  the  otiier  usual  observations, 


•1^1 


••\^ 


m 


%- 


frn 


""^  W5,^  :T7Trr^-"-^rv  r^v 


5340 


'W 


.SS,^"*!*'  .  time  »"«*««  (^^.^.^"^aSI^ 
Mgjpdyy  >w,  fe  jump  riwuH.  »h«  «teMfe31i,^,iS; 

3S?Jr^     •    opeiwd  for  the  boKt*'  citt»8'  dtiiiiet'     -rtlS 
^Jjw  to  imi.  ctth  of  their  htaib  ««<!eS^  Ife 3^ 

AftiMlet  which  had  pefforn^  aoiis^i^,^^^ 


7^ 


'"^■w«-je«f|f;irjSi!«v»*r.''' 


♦  241 

<M^f|:pre8si»g  tb^Vtwt  wish  to  i>art^c  of  *«  jj^;^^^ 
hT^STuB  «aS.ai|^f  ith  gob«r  appetites.  ^^^Ri'*'^**.^**^!^^ 
•y4;to  tiMrtp  *»  Pf  it,  with^wmt  biscuit,  Aey  <^^^ 
ataUtoreU8li1t,|ttteata  small  quantity  froni  an  «^*?^5  «^ 
not  to(>f«fi4  a8,,ai|^  then  deposited  the  rest  iafdy  id  thcftr  ta«oei& 
Thsy  «?i*IW>ot  be  twniuaded  totaste  any »?»»' *^f  °"^*  :»S!3 
it.4en  whin  mueMHttt«4  with  water.  Ido^not  kno^.^Jf^ 
it  £  a  circu«lstki>6«\worthy  of  notice,  that,  when  a  kaleidoscope 
<if  teiScope^sTIVfn  tl^A  to  look  into,  they  immediatd^shiit 
o4eye,a»nd  (Mieof  |he?a  usdd  ^rrigKw^  the^er  the 
111  ge^ing  out  ^  their  canoes  as  w^ll  as  into  fchem,  great  caw  lii 
reow^d  tQ^r<»$rv^  the  balaiicc  of  these  frail  and  unsteady  cow- 
cles»  and  in  this  they,  generatry  assist  each  other.  As  we  wcte 
'    ^   ^W^  ^ut  tafottbw  usi  wte :%  ort  oitt 

™^„^^^iey  wouia  mJmage  this,  ^d  it  was  grtttiiyiliK 
^^^t'|hi?  young^^  man  launched  ^e  canoe  of  his  a^ed  eoM- 
^t^ad^fiuring  careluUy  steadied  if  along^e  the^rock,  till  he 
iiqei^,^^t  (ginpaVjced,  cMed  bis  <^wn  down,  and  contHVfedi  though 
^ii^^Bic  dPciiityi  tb  get  into  it  Without  assistant.  Thiy  sctfto 
Jo  t^  cspcscUl  aw«iin  la^  their  canoes,  liot  to  rub  thetR 
•a^i^tthfe  rocits,  by  plicihg.one  ci^^  gently  ih  the  water,' ahd 
l^amK  the  otfict  up  hi^vM  it  can  be^eposilied  without  risk  <lf 
itMtfT::.  As  s<9pn  as,  we  commenced  rowing,  the  Es(|[uimaut'be^iin 
tO!^Voclfero^te  thw^  of  **  Huirliar,  giVife 

wfe'%hl(i#iey  wntiniibd  at  intervals^  accon^inied.  by  the  mc^ 
IJ-^hiimaured  msrrimcnt,  as  We  crossed  over  to  the  main  laniSi^ 
terlj^ilg  n^  a  little  s«^«*  occasicraed  by  a;  wt^ther  tide,  #* 
^^^  ^*t  <iur  boats  could  easily  beat  their  calho^a  in  rowtl%,  not* 
^ Jihgjhf i|^  utmpA^  «ndeayoi|rs  to  keep  up  with  us.  ' ; 

.J^wb  Ksquitn^ux  tin^^^^^  wliich  we  were  now  goings  td^^rf^, 
^  situated  just  within  ja  low  point  of  land,  fdrming  the  eastern 
qI  the  entrs^nce  to  a  (^ii^idei-able  branch  of  the  ihlet,  exteiidifl^ 
Jilstinfje  to  ^e  northi^ard.  Thfe  situitibh  i»  wmto  rad  0^ 
wia*^  llv^lng.  a  spttth-weaterly  aSpect^  and  beittg  in  every  respect 
w^adapted  for  the  convenient  residence  of  these  poor  peojpfte. 
"We  landed,  outside  th|rpbiht,  and  walked  oyer  to 'the  tbnts,  sending 
our  hpats,  acc«|nipfl^i<>d  by  the  two  canoes^  round  i^e  po^nt  to  mei^ 
i^t    As  soon  iwi^e  cafe  of  the  tentsy  eVery  livSig  imtAWt 

tllj^re,  men,  wofeeh,  chihiribn,  and  dogs;  werie  iu  motion^  the  latt#^ 
to  the  top  of  the  W|llbttt?6f  our  way,  and  the  rest  to  meet  us  wBat 
Idudrandcbntihued shouting;  the  wtM ''piliitat^  j^Vfc  toe] beinf 
this  only  articulate  sound  we  could  distinguish  {h&mst  the  g^<inenu 
iH^oar.  Besides  the  four  men  whom;  we  had  already  Seen,  there 
if«^  four  women^  one  of  which  befng^  about  the  sanie  age  as^liiii 
o|d  inaOf  was  probably  his  wife ;  the  others  were  kbout  thir||^, 
tfiren^-two,  and'eighteen:  years  of  age.  The  first  two  of  thelfe^ 
wnoim  we  supposed  to  be  puurried  to  the  two  oldest  of  tfio  yolii^ 

H  h 


r^'^^^pfpT^^^^^P^^^^ 


■t. 


2»tirir«  lift  thew,orSr4S^f  ^11^*^5^^^^ 


^m*/ 


m&hien.  »«.*iJS  J'r""  J*«yjpn«^ly  bitttfed  with  aX^^ 


««#•♦  however,  with  whieS  AJ^IT'lI^t'''?^  «^<'«*wwt.     The  raa^. 


itRWtiti^s,  was  1^  ho  means  the  erfSt*  «r7'  r^'^^^riw*  "*«>«'  «*«ii- 
pena  on  the  vaSe  of  the^kU.  Xd  1^:5^  **^^  '^  •l^^yX 
^  I  thought,  caacluded  a  h^^?!  ^^^^f^^^  ^^r,  hiyjS. 
g^  old  woman,  I  desired  ^^ZXh^dtST  ^^^^ 
S  /  T"  perceived  that  I  hadmiaSidirii!;,^?'^  *?  «l«Kaf.: 
»•*  to  the  caaofe  and  «.»:-j  "     ™!«"na*ratood.  her.  for  she  fhttik 

MW*  mfcer  bent  by  .ge?»»L,^* '':'«''•  ?'  *'  ««  mW 

r^  TKeir  feee.  .re  '»«»H»t.j;;ta^to '.;^^*i:Sif 


^;»f  !-STf»-r'-'»MHii(»««#«- .  ,|t»%' 


'•  I '  f-^^T. 


-(7 


comfMBfriiQi  very  dark,  eic(;j>t  that  •{  ths 
oir  fiiaiii  tlet»  vif  li^i^^TOa  tnuitr;  iioa^  htbwA,  bit  iijrt  wry 
idrWiW  Black,  %$uibt,  iiB^  gU>i»y  i  and  th^ir  hands  and  feet  a»» 
tf^ef#  di»iilttiK^    till  0^         l»d  a  grey  hear*  «  which  thf , 
black  ka*  #B|^^ted,  iid  wore  the  hair  rather  long  upon  hit . 
^l^^#ite  ialao  t«B  cast  with  the  ddpst  of  the  thra^t 
it  df  ii^e,  we  th<»i|gfaf,:bQre  a  alriliiig  reMpnhhuice  to 

M^JJP^^'  ^«<<:)^^**f  ^<'^'^*^^  M  the  EaquUnaMf 

, Ihpahif^Ae  ilMriatf  exfieditioa  whose  aer- 

#B*  #*iatftliaiilft(ilt^^         oc^OB,  aiKi  whose  premata»e 
dli&^  hild^edi  l|i|(ie^ly  1^ 

It  a^t iiiiiiyi  %§%  ««M  a  ylWable  i|ieii>he|^f  fopiety^^ 

Wiplired firoo^  fmir  fe^t te&Ao  l»ur  leet 
.  »it«8  of  the  twci  young**^  w«r%  ^gwlfn;} 
i|  J^d  by^(j^  ni^a^  ^^s  sasaU, 

ii|h  beacttlfttlly  «h%  jftnd  perfect}  aild  at* 
^4i^  4lcea  is!  i|)ii!pl^  m  chubby,  an4  their 
^^y^l|h«lF^<i:^tthMu9ce9  inigb^ 

TMr  mki  wluch^^ia  jet  hliM^ 
id  Ibble  iab<^'^i»  ^bul^^^^^    pMtp^  it  o« 

i8t*a4  of  bei^  watjr  tied  ofi  the  top  of  the 

,_l%lllK;fb^^i.,id'iiidsfi^er-  F^       aecusipmeil 

.fii^iiii<»t  feaoite  1^  w^aX  baal#ahie||| 

Jli^we^iis^ed  her  to 6e the  oiilyiiBmartied  (m^ 
mm  tie  btheir  t|ree  in  nc^  beiing^^tat^ied  opop  th« 
flia^fliib  df  th^lWOi'eir^^^  ^soy  and  tile  old  wo- 

i&illJid  a  fe^  in^  (^  the  same  Icipd  about  ea^  wrist,  ifom 
i^tliltt  mfehildir|n3iere^^li»  (^Iti^iah^* 
^*i^  ^»riilli^irt  piewlty  good-kwkini^  and  the  eldest  boy^ 
mm^^  Parl^f  a^liiliras  a  remarlui^  fitie  and  even  haiidf 
Wlti^,  *  Thiy  irerc  tracer  acared  ai  us  t^  llrst }  but  kind  treat? 
li^^A^ii^a  feW  '^  sQoa^renipv^d  their  fears,  and 

]«^  iheit4i49btai  ini)^^ 
"Th^  di?esi  pf'M  men  cohsiata  of  a  aealrskin  jacket,  wii^  a  hood 
imM  is  otiMt(i^<lN^  )>!^a|f  of  which  it  forms  the 

onlV^  Cbveiin|(«  '  Itle  bileiShiea  ,1^1  abo  geh^  of  seal-fkJUf  and 
awTihadl  tci  i^tth  ^fcUwi^iltlp?;^^  iieir  boots  which  meet  the 
bleeihfi  lurimide  clihe  same  material^  In  this  dress  we^Jerceiv- 
ed^  dil^i^nfi^^iif  ^ftt^  dfiibbtliir  Esquimaux,:  escci^  that  th«^. 
jacket,  instf^  of  hfnngapointied^fl^^  before  and  behina^  as  usual, 
^  <^le  si«||^Mhii^  and  had  a  sort  of  scoUop  before  In  the  ce% 
tife.  fn  the  dreis  df  the' women  there  was  not  so  much  regard  10 
#^ncy  as  in  that  of  tW  meo-  The  jacket  is  of  seal-skin,  with  A 
sf^,  pointed  flap  before,  and  a  long  one  behind,  reachtugaliiioet 
tc»  the  ground.    They  Kad  on  a  kind  of  drawers,  similar  to  those 


.  n 


m 


-.■fi 


,11  jiiji^.ii|<>»i>ifWW|!i»wWWWWll^ 


5***?-^*; 


I/' 


end  are  out  of  the  irjittf  wKrti. flJL?     *  ^!^^*  '^^  f««*V  Jt»  Me- 

,»»vmg  a  hhrhtr  rim  bf  *u«Iw^^^^  *«ch'^,  and  alto  in 

«ircu!ar'l,ol?#|,ere  theiSn^SS  LK  ?  ^"^  ^t««*ed,  round  the 

^^ft^wood,  and  the  Hini  Whh  WE^h^ '  **^***  ^' ^l»de W  or 

^  diy^  them,  and  piSv^nttheh-  ^.J! **  "St*'  ^h« *'r,io  pagTinder 
toadfe  of  fir,  the  eVa'S  tfcjj  bSl  Au  ^'  I*^*''«  »*  ^ouble?^ 
tttwiure  them  fh,rwewW  "****  '^'^^ar  «>veWd  with  hard  bm 

me  •jieaif^oi'dartt  which  thev  Bi*  s.»  vir 

they  tti«  w  kiUmi^aealiimd  ether  »«« 


st^v.. 


iml««to,  wtitt,  I**  the*wi^oow  of  oar  fi»NTI«yiJ%*S!i 

00  scwcewd  irJoaWe  i^ix»mi*oai^  cw.be  oh^^ 

Sd  .  HilNoiVft  f««t  ife  Wpgtll,J«d  *^J^  JJJ^^ 

eighteen  inches  Umfe  •^•^^^^^^ef^r^^i^^^!^!Sl 

H&i^iph  aifeyf«»tich  to  ih,ir  •pBmiWre  i«nr  SJ^^^^S 
ity,  heiirUwthoviMiti^  «n4^heip  iil«4^  i?p  intj^.for  W«- ^ 

««liDer.sthf olhetj;H«a»<»«^  v*^ '^^^ tSTtJ^Slfif & 
«d  iw^A  hyi^Slia  tp  a  stdi;  th^J»M  h«i»g  '^.^^^^ 

Qifl^Wwaruv  ^hm  m  of  ^Efquiminx  "!«^;^3,W  « 
MSS*^Mitt<wilr»  bow^«»d  j«|Nm^a^«wr  i^fhi^  ~ff*  !?cj5 

of  fir,  w^i^ ft  fe»*i^=^  owi«Mi  tinikfUm  ^^?\^h^JS^ 

.-^thetUvid^yiSHipptwInR  to  be  •  f^adVtey,.*!id  m<*n4<?d,  Bir- 
,4)&^«o  ^tf«h  ti|»m«B  of  ^t  fit  W  wy  «ge,       ,  -  . 

y^k}^^^^^^  <»P*y  •WfiF '^•^ *JW  were  c°»P««^f  ^*^ 
ngh^aidleft  3lw.b<»rtet  of.^youig  whale,  benifrMne^^'^fe^t  n«e 
IMK^  long,  one  fo#  M^ven  ipc4w%  apajt^  and  w^" '"^^^^^ 

piecei;  ipal^  ifUk^M  ^  *M»«pf.<fe«^whate,. and  secured  W^J^y 
.4^#^ingt  of  whi4e-))«in^  ^  »•  *<»  ww9»^be  bottom  of  the  itedge, 
aiid^tht^  baS  U  iwide  «!l  two  di^r'*  horns  pUced  ?»  ~  «P"8*»*f®: 
wdloii.  >  The  lower  t«irt  of  thd^  i^ners  is  shod  wi^  a  hajder  leiod 
Of  bo6e,^^res|stithe  friction  agajnst  ^f,  .ground.  The  whole 
vehtcte^is  rudely  executed,  aq4  being  nearly  twice  the  wei^^ 
the  skdgfs  we  saw  among.the  wrtherti.  Esquiipauj^,  »J"«»^y 
^ndedlLcarryiftghea^^Ntden..  Thedoi^^^^^ 
fifty  or  sixty  in^umger,  and  had  nothmg  aboot  them  diflferent  fr^ 
SSeott  the  eastern  coast  of  ^frtfin^s  Bay,  except  that  they  do  not 
iSSd  n^r  so  W^h  « those  of  the  latitude  of  76-.,  Th«y  «re  vfiy 

shy  and  wild,  a?d  ihe  natiwW  r^"'  ^^^^"^  >»  "'*?/ "^^S 
While  we  were  by,vas  wellaaholdiug  them  m  when  caught.  Sqihe 
of  theltahai^e  mncVmore  of  the  wolf  w  their  appearance  ^anoAe^^ 

having  very,  long  headSvaAd  sharp  noses,  wjth  ^^f^^.^^^^ 
alwajScaiied  between  the  legs;  virile,  the  bodies  of  <«*erM^ 
less  lank,  as  well  as  their  noses  less  sharp,  and  they  carry  their  teite 
handsomely  curled  over  their  backs  ;  their  colour  vanedffoinjpMte 
.4wk  to  brfaidlcd.    The  raVenotts  manner  m  which  th^y  devcmr 


►'^^w— — '^^^X^^ 


m''- 


Ml  flli  498fmlpmmiii,1^mm  nrdarly  fed  #liii«  M  iHHir^ 
fai  ijMM  KfMJM  1^  Hun  piiMN  tat  tt|ri^«|ifc^gMtti  ifWkri 
•itiy  ly  4  txmmMtmm  Jbitdlrtrchic^  mloAtm^  tte 
im,M laiMi^  liift.11^  ipd 4M(n of  f 


gravy ;  thus  combining  vJlH  wImiI  piigartlioto^f^wiHIiii  IW^ 
ol4ige^»^Mdb;j|ow9ver.iSffQiM|k«ntt»^  i^^^^ 

torn,.  M  Ooidy  9^  t^kmfk^M  >pMi^  WiiiNMtifit; .  ^'HHpiPi^t^ 
art  mk  ctf  tM lii^i^lililll^^  tillilicWr  m0 

for  IM  piiK|i(i^  iMi^ii^gM  ci*««  o^^ 

to  jifttomiao  1J|i«  lia^  jHi^^dr  ^Uc\x  »miHn  htVfe'  is  loy^  Ui  fng^ 
laicl.  Aft  itmi^o  not  *pp«wr  lo  %f«  atif  iostraiiirisBillilEi  c  Miip, 
greit  time  «ii4.IalKMi|-  iQiut  to  ifqiMfid  io  makiBtg.  ea»  ctfUteac^ 
knives,  which  mibm  to  lUMMrer  moll  o£  the  piimaMs  to  vlii)Bh-^«y' 
haiio  ooGiiion  toi|pf^them%€  ,.         >      -    < 

irram  tfaft  dflsi^^oa  giv^  to  «»t^  Mr*  ^iffiiiiinOQ,  we  feoad 
that  thea^  were  the  aaifkif  feiMpa  wh^  hail  been  «Miii»y^  lltitiiie'A 
pe^ ;  bi»>fw,hadi0vitiiiL|iioiMit^QriMr^i^^  jife^ 

vi^  eomt||Uj^qi^oii«  difeitlir 

wo^»  ai^fi  s^iae  light  blue  beads*  Mmnghf'the^Melvea  on  thin 
leathern  ^veodli  ^  90  ioetrupentr^n*  ehop^ngi  very  nmciiirt*'^ 
scBsbliiig  a  cQopcr'«  adze,  whiisK  had  evidendy  been  tttenred^to;  it 
nandlfof  faooe  for  some  time  fiasi^aiid^  which  the>if«li#iit{^ 
ofs&old%.    , 

The  short  tii^c  which  we  were  among  them,  as  weftas  the  want 


" « 


fMiH^jL 


5iiS*>5R'^?' 


m 

which  wmBImNnt  hkM  l*|«wttiM,  .cti>illM%«h«liMMig».  ttilt. 

fl«fiiMfoi;  tht  Amt,  ip9H0fk0  «t iht  Im»4  itlillt^  iMliMlti^ 
the  tet^irofd*  m  ihoM  um^im  iN^fiilefB  «iiil  if  iiHr#«8if . 
At  it  WM  |«i«id«ftd  a  flMitir^  itttelMi(ii«i»lft  iit«tttdil#ht- 
Iher  ihty  W|W|  linfMdMed  #itii  fliiHMitii*ai^  dM^^f  dMt  iilll> 

tfienivttitd  ««tttl|r^9tiiidt  t^^^  Which  it  autt 

titi«fie4  lit,  tm  |hcv;|uiftw.ih«iiii^^  ini- 

9WI1  s|iQ]M»«Qi>^4*  llMta4tii^  OiMhttlli  iii^r  th«  tton 

i||HI^»tMt^|ilM%4iBttNiMli|^pt^^  ''''''''.   '^':'  '-''^  '^'' 

lSp|aag»  1^  <hteir><Pii<ifiifcii(|  and  #haiFi»f«!litti  i  bttttr  cri- 
«frki%  <^^li^MMKt^  of  «M^  ihiUrim  thM«£lbttm  hi  llf^  dtfittrt  thtt 
tht  iiicaiit4i  ti^itielMir  Whioh  1tt«T  pbttttt  we  binary  J^hiitdiiiit ; 
liut  0f  tbiprtle  had  moit  d&««|.|ira«r,%illi  ^(iitliSir^dt  tf^holHeB 
and  «eiliii^i«li.«rt  iMiiMl^toMfliitf  «^^ 
t»i  ^  ipttfih  htiiatl^  tt^  Will  m  da-Ohi|fiMiife|i^  idiid;  Af^/^ife 
<«poM4^  tll«t««itrtdiiiKUif|»lhl^foi^ll^^  thUt  tKii- 

t|iwhipti^«bottt  tMt^tiiile*  ahivt  'iMmM  on  the  tMine  IHtive^  nhd 
OUli  lh«3K  Wert  piftif  ex«avitecl  INM*  bulk  fMhlg  the  aei,  «nd 
t|»  retf  liiiiitif(Nind  with  stoiitg^ 

V  1P\^e^  tawna  MpetMice  af  ditetfie  iitiiii|  thif  icft^iiMieii  p<$Mfdiit 
wiM>  ildii||bited  tM^  tciMt,  encdjiK  that  i^  wet  dt  the  old  iiitv^fe 
^im$m!tmt^^A^i  tm  a  veiy  yiitiag  iafiiii:  lodked  |ti|de  Md  $itXif, 
lir^mni^hada^l^  teat  on  dac  iljle  4if  hit  head,«|ikh  hte 


lifcj^dlift  aad  tonveaientet  which  eaa  be^^^rcd  itt  to  ifiidi  h 
state  of  society.  |H  dte  sktiatton  and  CirCtitiit^Mices  ih  #hiCH  the 
Esqvittiftioc  of  North  Greeoliitd  are  phiced^  there  iri  ihudh  to  ex- 
cite c#i|^iiiffiion  for  the  low  st^ta  to  which  huiMiMi  ntfSctre  a]^t)ear^ 
to.ht  IhMfie  reitsCed;  a  ttate  ia  ffew  tespecti  to^ifor  to  thit  of  tHo 
hear  o»  the  sent,  which  they  kin  for  their  st^^tiiicCi  l^t,  a^ 
thetei  it  was  iai|iMsibie  nOt^^to  cAierience  a  fcsittiig  #a  thore  piletix 
ittj^kind :  thefe^%asaretpeetf<it^«!ce(iC7  ih  theit-^hekl  behi^l^i|)i»t- 
W^Ch  at  Once  struck  us  as  veii^  l^flffrent  frotn  fliat  of  the  othilr 
OK^tored  Esquimtkoa,  md  ia  their  |ttrsons  there  was*  less  of  thi^e 
ii^lerable  filth  hy  which  thete  peof^lc  are  to  genersity  dittinguisheii; 
But  the  saperiority  for  which  tht^y  ate  the  iaostreiharMable  h^itSt 

Srfect  honesty  trhiCh  characteHsed  all  th<^ir  dCidiap  iliih'i#. 
tiring  the  two  hours  that  the  laea  wei«  on  bOih'dv  and  tdt  fti^ 
or  five  hours  that  we  were  subsequently  among  theA  on  i^Mij^'Ott 
both  which  occasions  the  ttinptation  to  iteil  fi'oiii  at  ^slr^ilaps 


fes 


■f 


l««*fi^«*«*i  ?«^*-»»'<  -■ 


'« 


of  higb-wtter  Hqt  day  ^S^^^SJ^T^f'^  ^MV  «|M 
up  i»e«  the  i^p^  ««*^%  WSHiSa 

^  *ta4*ei»S  c^U*,  on  mmm  ««l.  »«,-  U«U  pr* 


-fe*'^''''-'*^-'*'**'::^!**''^'-' 


249 

-  .p 

ereu  to  the  touthward.  The  loundinM  coatiauiag  m  regulir  u 
iTore,  we  stood  in-thore  to  eleven  {athon)t»  and  put  the  trawl 
ovci-board  for  an  hour  or  two  in  the  afternoon,  bringing  up  a  great 
^uantit]^  of  sca-eggt  (EchiniY  a  few  very  troall  oyitertf  and  topne 
marine  ineectt,  but  nothing  that  could  fumieh  us  with  a  fresh  meal. 
The  net  was  much  broken  by  the  roughness  of  the  bottom*  which 
consisted  of  verv  coarse  sand  and  small  stones ;  we  tried  it  again 
in  the  evening,  but  with  no  better  success.  The  weather  was  at 
ti>is  time  remarkably  fine  and  pleasant,  and  it  was  impossible  for  ua 
not  to  contrast  our  present  climate  with  that  aninst  which  we  had 
to  contend  about  the  same  period  of  the  preceding  year. 

In  proceeding  to  the  southward  on  the  9th,  we  passed  a  head* 
land  which,  like  another  I  have  before  mentioned,  hus  exactly  the 
^  appearance  of  three  islands,  when  seen  from  the  northward ;  a  de» 
ception' occasioned  by  three  small  hills  near  the  point,  situated 
upon  comparatively  low  land.  Having  passed  this  headland,  we 
discovered  immediately  to  the  southward  of  it  a  spacious  bay  o^ 
inlet,  at  least' five  or  six  leagues  deep  in  the  north-west  part  of  it. 
The  land  at  the  bottom  of  this  bay  is  high  and  mountainous,  with 
every  appearance  of  deep  water  near  the  shore  {  hut  in  proceeding 
along  snore  to  the  southwttrd,  it  again  becomes  low  next  the  sea, 
with  hiUs  at  the  back»  and  rith  the  same  safe  and  regular  sound- 
ing as  before.  ;j 

We  hove-tb  at  noon  to  observe  the  meridian  altitude  upon  a  fiof 
cf  ice,  the  land  being  too  near  to  obtaiq^it  by  the  natural  horizon. 
The  latitude  was  69*  24'  37",  and  the  longitude  6r  05' 43".6,  being 
in  thirtytfive  fathoms  at  five  or  six  miles  from  the  land.  'The  wa- 
ter from  the  bottom  was  at  the  temperature  of  31%  |hat  of  the  sur- 
face being  3S|*,  and  of  the  air  34*.  The  wind  dying  away  soon 
after  noon,  gave  us  an  pppprtunity  of  trying  the  current  bv  a  bott 
moored  to  the  bottom  in  nineteen  fathoms,  when  it  was  (bund  to 
be  ruiming  abmewhat  less  than  a  mile  an  hour  in  a  S.|£.  direction. 
At  forty  minutes  past  four  P.M.,  it  was  again  tried  in  a  similar 
n^iinei;,  when  It  wa»  setting  to  the  S.£.,  at  the  rate  of  three-quarters 
^  a  pile  per  hour  i  and  at  seven  o'clock,  when  we  hove-'to  near 
Cape  Kater*  for  the  Griper  to  join  us,  we  found  it  to  be  slack  wa- 
ter. We  stood  off  and  on  during  the  night,  having  from  thirteen 
to  tven^, fathoms^  water,  with  the  intention  of  examining  the  large 
iqlet  which  opiens  to  the  southward  of  Cape  Kater.  It  now  be- 
capne  obviqus,  that  what  had  been  mistaken  for  banks  near  Cape 
Kater  on  the  preceding  voyage  were,  in  reality,  only  the  regular 
shorie  soundings*  which  are  in  no  respect  different  froin  those  which 
occur  in  the  whole  space  between  this  inlet  and  the  river  Clyde,  at 
the  same  distailce  from  the  land.  These  soundinga  had  appeared 
to  indicate  bae^s  in  1818,  because  we  came  into  them  from  an  oflKng 
of  several  leagues  j  whereas,  had  we  been  running  along  shore,  aa 
ui^t^e  presem  instance,  we  should  have  found  a  simihr  depth  £ar 

'^    '  ■  ...  .1  i  '     ''         ■. 


m\ 


^Mites  to  itif  m^i^  Wt^ 

the  ihouthil  of  the  ilil^ts,  i/fhett  ^  wiiiter  is  always  VeW  4eep; 

There  was  «  gr^at  UkA  bf  Iddie  Ice,  ittid  many  befg^  0a  tlni  |Mtrt 
of  tHe  toast ;  but  ire  jjid  ^6t'ili4^t  Vlth  the  sanUe  obsmictidn  off 
Ckpe  KflttVaii  6n  ttie  fo  'doyr^V^ytige.  Several  yduag  black  wh^es 
lihd  di  st^sil  «rere  ^^cta  in  thb  tbtfrse  of  the  dky.  . 

The  yitid  beitig  freOi  a^l^uiiry  i^ownthe  iiilet,  dn  the  moniliJg 
of  the  lOth.'a  [>ress  6f  stiil  Was  carried  for  the  pttiiniose  of  ezamihiog 
!;t ;  but  In  the  '^(^Urse  df  the  fOTenbon  we  w4tt  obliged  to  clbSt^-reef 
iHe  top8liil«,trAl'sM  dii^o^lhe  tdnigaUiiityiirdsi  We^iMtHlii 
immense,  bwV  cMsWded  With  ^sfeiiTdsVlliiibhv  toother  With  its  M- 
ii^tdiM  openings/W6ird  i'^iiii^eli  consideMilis  thnt'io  survey  them 
i^ui^t^fy.;*|\j(W^8ii^a%a2*;whi^^ 
vi^e^teiktiafi26ti,  cli^red  aiiiy^M'W<i  m'^W^iim^mhAm 
the  bay:  but  Oie'distance  at  whkh  ^e'Wei^^^s^«6o'gtt^tto  e^kble 
us  to  Wi:^i%ilb  '^tisfattitrlly  itstll^ioltlte  tibdiiihuik  ^ttch,  intf«ia» 
^asthe'i^peai^an^e  df  t^is  n^agnificelitliitet,  of  Which 'tiie^ldihbf 
tMi^ntrance  is  not  less  than  fillteen  l^amies,  thu  tt  is  hi^iynrbl/abfe 
4ome  otitfet  ^ay  be  fdUnd  through  ft  frqm  0affin^8^{ty  Utb  the 
PoUr  Seiji  t)ie  strong  westerly  wind,  and  %e  ifne^id^n  I  iHid  fc»rai< 
i6d  of  e3l|^%  Ml  ie^  tn  a  lowtr  Mu^/fjtertkiikld^  iiboii^ 
a^t^rfiid  SMt^  inf^Vented  any  filler  ^Ittinitii^iifir^'^is 
occasion.  \^e  crossed  over,  therefore,  to  the  south  shot^,  Wbei^ 
#e  stc^  ^stnd  Ibtt  m  day.ti^t  shdntd  eiiiible  Us  tb  t^ot^d  to 
l^iSiMtm*  We liaitew, fe  ttie'eo&Jsft^o^^c diy;|&<!ir^ 
if  a  d«|d#l^e,  ^n%h¥ch  the  fuittftr  petrels  and:h^^ 
ft^isg,te|*^atiipJWs.  .  /  "^  > 

lis  fe^  Pl^rili^ti^^d  bn^^  itmi^^^ti^mdMim 

Itlrmd  ioeo  tt^m|iilfiCitdbu  M^h^ 
litti^il^  iobl#uci^mr  |ist^  to  the  MAiiird^ittliy^i^ 
iil^^'#«f1itirkt1iirfe%^i[ki)es^1tefl[d  df^s.    It  iit^^%ir6%Aii|- 
tidde,  $y  ^iirVatldtti  68*  l^'iW'*;  ttid;  liato^^ 
eir'^^^'Vite'tWt^  hundred  and  se^^ lle'MtottiB^Mddy'bot- 
toiii.    Hne  temie^t^re  oifihe  sea  at^if^^i^  <^f^1iiy^y^ 
Tbrty-siz fkthotos, Wis 34*/tlie'i^uriy^e  bUtfr at W^ ^tl|be  ilr 
M\    This  eJtferifiient  ailfiBri%^fi^  i^^  lite|y 

fiMde  aa(  to  the;  compkratl^^  teibpiMiire,  we^ti&#  agsiin  In  bti^lkiin- 
^d  iitid  six^-fivc  litthoftn^  and  fotittd  k  iiiaittlythe  iartr^  iwlie^ 
jforc.    it  hftiW  be  remained  flVat,ft>riiachbfihe  last  tht«e^  ^n^, 
^d  Ibr  th^se  only,  We  Had  ibund  the:  ship  b^tiveia^iiieveQ  krid^i||t 
teii^s  to  the*S^thw6i-d  of  the  redkibfihig. 
■    TheWitt«J'^W5%feMeD.i^«*JmyNi1i^a^^ 
^11  the  in^inl^  6f  tifie  t2t^  when-a  Hghll^ 
ihe  sdiAh^est,  all  sail  w^iT  maa*  to  wtatt^tife  ihe  state  of  the  1^. 
^n  approaching  tfhe  flofes,  hbw^^r,  vire  MM  -^iiiih*  a  crttahiitV  ^f 


»-'r«^^«A;«glS,«»,,...  . 


tween 

veiy  wj^lf  wiSi  1115'^^^^ 

of  <wr^e89ii^  Ji|Xi«idabI^# 

on  the  irrcgttlari||c^  q|F  t^e  m«w^et^,njp,e<l^  qi^  boa^d  (pj;  fl6^ta; 

l>ut  the  young  iceceniamed  so  idugk Biiring  the  day,  i^oXwithat^b^ 

mz  '  ■■* '" ''    '' 

in 

practic.^  ,^.. ,    , .  .  ^_,    .,_  ,    ,   _. 

purpose;.    The  compasses  now  travtrted  very"  freely,  \and'^w 

noaae  use  pir  for  the  n^l^ose8  'qjf 'navisnatlqn,  in  th^  ^4M|ary  w^^ 

Soon  ^fter  ten  Ipl'B'l.^  the  Aiiroria  JSoreaiia  niade  its  ajpjpte^^ 
r  am  indelbted  to  CapUiin  Sabine  ftSr' the  folio  wing  dencriptiqn  b^ 
this  phenqn^enqn:  **  The  Aurm-awas  visible^  for  upV^aird^  of  half 
an  boiir,  its  ^ppciarance  jaeing^conipn^ed  withib 

of  t|e  iieavens,  £rqm^^S.£.b.£i  to  W.b*^**  *-^^  #^i^f^|^|  fi^l^^^^'^S 
about  I«f.  76*  W.  Tlie  charactpi*  of  ihis  bh<mbi)?ieny^n  w!^  peculiar, 
beipg  4^4fl^**!^^!^'^^  ttipse  ^ii|c)i  we  ^e:^e  .ac«;ustome4  ^.sfie 
ait  ll^yipi^I^fi^^  %!*  gffianer  i^idity %itb^wMf h^ Stpre^ 

|lnd  fihilr^ed  frqm  0^^^  p^rlt^f  t^-e  heavfeiQs,iQ  su^^^  by  ^^^^^^ 

ttnd  vividlnessdf  tne  colioutv,  b<^th  of  rc(l  and  gi^jeep,  ji^ttu  ^hich  t^ 
corai^caUpas  ^er<p  t|nt(;d;  sand  by  it^  9t*e^tti<^rs  bp^iWUp^^ 
c^pectcf^Iy  fn  jpl^ces^)^^  pt>m;ure,  and  e^liendipg  in^inejrendy 

downward'  9s  i^^eU  to^^wW^s.  The  letter  di^t^metioh  was  co|>> 
trasted  with  .'the^  f^ibre  tisuu  jijliwa^nipe  of  rays  streaming  towards 
^e  a^eniibf  frqm'^  ^(rh  of  laii&Say  jbnUiaint  hgjtit*  An  Aiiroira  of 
slmili^r  appBanance' Was  Observed  in  ihe  Atlanuc  during  the  retii^rn 
ibt  tlie  l8a1?c|L^^m  October  1818,  frbj^  to  Sh^dand. 

Tib.e  pecuIiariMes  ipf 'the  present  phel|&p|nen<m  were  more  marked 
in  ihe  commenceiiifBnt  than  towards  t|)is  coiM:lusion  qf  its  appear- 


ance. 


Qn  thf  13th|  wrhich  was  nearly  calm,  the  bay-ice  hid  so  much 
increased  in  tluckness  ^at  tHe  Ilecift  ccuid  not  be  moved  throngH 
it,  with  the  assistance  of  the  boaj^,  tifP  of  which  Vi(ttc  rendered 
unserviceable  by  the  ic¥  cutting  thbfr  planks. 

On  the  14>tht  having  been  set  at  liberty  from  the  bay-ice  by  a 
breeze  springing  up,  I  deternained  tb  tjcpupy  no  ihore  tilne  ifi  Ihe 
endeavour  to  get  Immediately  along  shore  to  the  soijith-east,  .whe|» 
the  ohstrii^ptions  remninefTas  6ef(M-e,  but  io  run  baci;  a  ahpfjl^  dis- 
tance alongf  the  ice  to  the  northWard,  in  order  to  endeavour  to  get 
round  it  it  possible,  and  then- to  stretch  in  again  towards  the  lahd. 
^he  ice  h^d  closed  90  aUch  aU  round  us,  however,  that  We  had 


\  ,1 


\ 


r"  P"^ 


i'|j||»«i"l"ii»,jiii 


{■ 


SI52 

sbmeiSlliliutfy Itn  diil!ng  a'pansige  out'  oit  bur  present  cbrinnei^  ili* 
tuation,  which  we  at  length  effected  before  noun,  passing  by  a  chain 
of  ice-bergs  which  were  found  to  be  aground  in  thitty-five  to  fifty 
.  fathoms,  and  which  extending  four  or  five  leagues  (irom  the  shore, 
sufficiently  account  for  the  obstruction  offered  by  the  floes  in  this 
place. 

-  The  temperature  of  the  water  at  the  bottom  in  thirty-five  fathoms 
was  3l|%  on  the  surface  32%  that  of  the  air  being  34".  A  small 
fish,  apparently  of  the  whiting  kind,  was  seen  upon  a  piece  of  ice, 
and  a  great  many  black  whales  were  n^ar  us  in  the  course  of  this 
and  the  preceding  day. 

The  extraordinary  fine  and  clear  weather  which  we  experienced 
.  in  the  first  fortnight  of  September  is  a  circumstance  worthy  of  re- 
mark: during  that  period,  we  had  very  little  snow,  and  not  one 
t  whole  day's  foggy  weather.  The  fog  was,  perhaps,  in  some  mea- 
sure, avoided  by  keeping  close  in  shore,  as  we  occasionally  perceiv- 
ed fog-banks  in  the  offing,  while  we  were  enjoying  clear  weather 
near  the  land. 

In  attempting  to  sail  to  the  eastward^  on  the  15th,  we  found  the  ice 
become  more  and  more  close,  and  a  fog  with  sleet  coming  on  oblig- 
ed me  to  make  the  ships  fast  to  a  floe  of  considerable  extent,  and  five 
or  six  feet  in  thickness,  being  in  latitude,  by  account,  68*  24'  18", 
and  longitude  63*  32'  42".  We  had  here  no  bottom  with  six  bun* 
•V  dred  and  ten  fathoms  of  line;  the  temparature  of  the  sea  at  one 
liundred  and  seventy  fathoms  was  30|%  that  of  the  surface  being 
;  the  same,  and  of  the  air  31*. 

As  the  sun  was  occasionally  visible,  notwithstanding  the  fog,  a 
set  of  observations  was  begun  for  ascertaining  the  variation  of  the 
.magnetic  needle  on  board  the  Hecla  ;  but  these  could  with  diffici;il- 
ty  be  obtained  on  ten  points  of,  the  compass,  after  which  the  buQ 
became  again  obscured.  The  thermometer  fell  to  23*  at  night, 
which  was  lower  than  we  had  before  experienced  it  in  the  course 
of  this  month,  and  the  fog  froze  hard  upon  the  rigeing. 

The  fog  continued  so  thick  on  the  16th,  as  to  oblige  us  to  keep 
,  the  ships  fast  to  the  floe.  In  the  aft(;moon  the  deep-sea  clamms 
Were  sent  down  to  the  bottom  with  two  thousand  and  ten  fathoms 
cf  line,  which  were  fifty-eight  minutes  in  running  out,  during 
'which  time  no  perceptible  check  could  be  observed,  nor  even  any 
alteration  in  the  velocity  wit))  which  the  Ut\e  ran  out.  In  hauling 
it  in  again,  however,  which  occupied  both  ships'  companies  above 
an  hour  and  a  half,  we  found  such  a  quantity  of  the  line  covered 
with  mud  as  to  prove  that  th^  whole  depth  of  water  was  only  eight 
hundred  and  nine  fathoms,  the  rest  of  the  line  having  continued  to  ^ 
run  outby  its  own  weight,  after  the  instrument  hadstruck  vhe  ground. 
I  have  before  had  occasion  to  remark  that,  on  this  account,  it  is  not 
easy  to  ascertain  the  actual  depth  of  the  sea  in  the  usual  manner, 
when  it  exceeds  five  or  six  hundred  fathoms.    A  self-registering 


'^mmm. 


iSi*****'-- 


nfined  fii- 
>y  a  chain 
vc  to  fifty 
the  shore, 
«s  in  this 

e  fathoms 
A  small 

ice  of  ice, 
of  this 

perienced 
hy  of  re- 
not  one 
ome  mea- 
j'  perceiv- 
'  weather 

nd  the  ice 
;  on  oblig. 
t,  and  five 
'  24'  18", 
six  hun- 
|ea  at  one 
face  beiii^ 

he  fog,  a 
ion  of  the 
h  diflSc^l- 
h  the  Bun 
at  night, 
le  course 

s  to  keep 
i  clamms 

fathoms 
f  during 
even  any 
I  hauling 
es  above 

covered 
nly  eight 
tinued  to 

ground. 
I  it  is  not 
manner, 
pstering 


2if3 

thermometer,  w^icli  remained  at  the  fe'ottottf  for'two  tibiirs  and 
three-quarters,  indicated  a  temperature  of  27**,  that  of  the  surface 
being  31%  and  of  the  air  34%  Some  cubes  of  wood,  whose  sides 
measured  two  inches,  were  also  attached  to  the  clamms,  in  order 
to  try  what  increase  of  weight  each  kind  would  acquire  by  the 
pressure  of  the  water  at  a  great  depth  i  the  result,  as  ascertained 
by  Mr.  Edwards,  is  shewn  in  the  following  table  : — 


.*. 


Original 
weight  in 

Weight  on 
coming  to 

Inerease 
of 

Weight 
thref>  noun 

DeoreMe 
inthow 

gi'aiM. 

the  lurfaee 

weight 

•fterwardi.  1  three  boonl 

Ash 

1425 

2324 

899 

2291 

33 

Fir 

863 

2112 

1249 

1964 

148 

Oak 

1421 

2252 

831 

2201 

51 

Elm 

1220 

2299 

1079 

2£01 

98 

The  wind  shifting  to  the  south*  west  on  the  morning  of  the  1 7th» 
we  were  nearly  beset  by  the  loose  lot  closing  upon  us.,  *he  ships 
beirtg  now  on  the  windward  side  of  tl «-  floe.  After  four  hours*  la- 
bour we  succeeded  in  getting  rlc;;*^,  atv  ^  inade  sail  among  loose  ice 
to  the  south-east.  This  course,  howr  /. :  <■ ,  wi  were  not  able  to  con- 
tinue long,  as  the  ice  led  us,  in  tht  r.ourse  of  the  day,  considerably 
to  the  northward  ;  and,  in  the  uveu:n^«  an  iceberg  was  selected,  out 
of  the  numerous  ones  in  sight,  V:  which  the  s'a.ps  w^re  made  fast 
before  dark,  it  being  impossible  to  keep  ikliem  utider-way  during 
the  night.  We  were  not  sorry  to  'ind  sotne  swd?  affecting  the 
ships,  such  as  we  had  not  before  experienced  for  more  than  twelve 
•months,  aflfording  an  indication  of  an  open  sea  at  no  great  distance 

'  from  us.  The  Ibose  and  heavy  pieces  of  ice  which  drifted-in  un« 
der  the  lee  of  the  berg,  and  on  vhich  the  ships  occasionally  struck 
with  some  force,  kept  the  people  constantly  employed  during  the 
night,  in  veering  and  heaving  in  lo  avoid  coming  in  contact  with 

4  them.     Some  bears  were  heard  growling  upon  the  berg,  and  some 

f  seals,  ivory-gulls,  and  little  auks,  the  latter  i.n  ^rnall  flocks,  were 

^^  seen  in  the  course  of  the  day. 

On  the  18th,  the  weather  continued  too  foggy  to  move  the  ships 
in  the  forenoon.  We  tried  for  soundings  with  eight  hundred  and 
ninety-seven. fathoms  of  Ime,  without  finding  bottoru  ;  our  latitude, 
by  account,  being  68°  24'  03" ;  longitude  63"  08'  12".  The  tem- 
perature of  the  sea  at  the  de^th  of  three  hundred  and  eighteen 
fathoms,  was  30°,  that  of  the  surface  being  the  same,  and  of  the 
air  29°. 

*  The  instrument  with  which  (his  experiment  was  made  had  been  a  good  deal  oied  for  (he 
nme  purpose,  and  did  not,  peibaps,  indicate  tb«  temperature  with  very  great  accoraoy. 


mmm 


■WW 


'(■-* 


I   - 


%  Soon  lifter  nooD^  the  weather  being  somewhat  less  foggy,  we  cast 
off  an4  ii44de  a^il  to  Uie  eastward.  The  ice  here  consisted  general- 
ly of  loose  bi^t  heavy  pieces,  amnng  which  there  was  scarcely  room 
to  s^il,  and  here  and  there  a  floe  which  obliged  us  to  make  several 
t^^ks*  We  ^SQ  ^^jis^d  several  square  pieces  of  floe-ice,  %vhich  had 
evidently  been  c^t  9UiJ(  of  a  dock  by  some  of  the  whalers  in  the 
course  of  the  present  season.  The  ships  were  secured  to  a  berg 
at  six  P.M.y  and  the  wind  having  freshened  up  to  a  gale  from  the 
N.WJ>.N.,  with  some  swell,  we  were  much  annoyed  during  the 
night  by  the  ice  whiph  drifted  under  the  lee  of  it,  and  on  which  the 
ships  were  constantly  striking  with  a  heavy  shock.,  such  as  no  others 
could  long  hs^ve  withstood.  This  danger  is  avoided  by  ships  lying 
very  close  under  the  lee  of  a  bergf  but  a  much  greater  is  thereby 
Incurred  fro^n  the  risjc  of  the  berg's  upsetting ;  a  circumstance 
which  is  always  to  be  apprehended  in  a  swell*  and  which  must  be 
attended  with  certain  destruction  to  a  ship  moored  very  near  to  it. 

^t  day-light  on  the  19th,  we  cast  oiF  from'  the  berg,  and  occu- 
pied the  whole  of  the  day  in  unsuccessful  attempts  to  get  through 
the  ice  in  to  the  land,  of  which  we  could  only  obtain  a  very  distant 
glimpse,  bearing  from  S.  24°  W.  to  S.  69°  W.  By  hauling  to  the 
Dorth-ea4tward,  we  got  iiito  sufficiently  clear  water  to  enable  me  to 
lieep  the  ships  under  wey  during  the  night ;  but,  the  wind  falling 
light,  great  attention  was  requifite  in  avoiding  the  ice-bsrgSt  which 
were  numerous,  and  of  large  dimensions. 

The  weather  was  so  thick  with  snow  on  the  20th,  that  we  could 
make  no  progress.  At  noon,  being  in  latitude  68°  12'  11",  and 
longitude  60°  sp'  19",  no  soundings  could  be  obtained  n^th  seven 
hutidred  and  seventy  fathoms  of  line.  The  temperature  of  the  sea, 
at  the  depth  of  threie  hundred  and  eighteen  fathoms,  was  33°,  that 
of  the  surface  being  33%  and  of  the  air  31  i°.  On  the  following 
day  we  soanded  in  two  hundred  fathoms,  on  a  bottom  of  very  fine 
sand  and  broken  shells,  and  found  the  temperature  of  some  water 
brought  up  from  that  depth  in  Dr.  Marcet's  bottle,  to  be  33i' ; 
that  of  the  air  at  the  same  time  was  30°,  and  of  the  surface-water 
34 1°,  being  the  warmest  we  had  observed  for  a  considerable  time. 
'  On  the  23d,  having  run  to  the  southward  nearly  as  far  as  the  laU- 
tude  of  Mount  Haleigh,  without  being  able  to  approach  the  land, 
the  trending  of  the  ice  flattered  us  for  some  time  with  the  hope  of 
getting  in  with  the  coast ;  but  at  two  P.M.  we  came  to  a  compact 
and  impenetrable  body  of  it»  over  which  we  could  not  see  any  clear 
water  from  the  mast-head,  and  which  obliged  us  to  haul  ofl*  to  the 
south-eastward. 

On  the  24th  and  25th  we  continued  our  progress  to  the  south- 
ward, but  without  any  better  success  in  approaching,  or  even  get- 
ting sight  of,  the  land  ;  the  ice  being  as  close  and  compact  as  when 
we  sailed  along  the  margin  of  it  in  July  of  the  preceding  year. 
Soon  after  noon  on  the  ISilth,  we  crossed  the  Araic  Circle,  having 

■■■■•  ,.-'i  "^ --•;:•(;'.■  i':;v  v^i-r.'-'w:  :i'>    ■>■'•,  ..^'    ■<■   .     f\    *V',.  ■        ■'■'>,'■:■ 


'^. 


25S 

been  within  it  fbi»fte»i  months  and  three  vfMki  ;  And  iK  ndon  dn 
the  25th  had  reached  the  latitude  of  66*  13'  14",  being  two  miles 
and  three-quarters  to  the  southward  Of  the  dead  reckoning,  Irhich 
difference  had  occurred  on  each  of  the  twelve  precedltig  days. 

On  the  morning  of  the  26th  we  again  stood  to  the  westWiurd  as 
miich  as  the  ice  would  allow,  btit  were  soon  obliged  by  itio  keep 
away  to  the  southward,  precluding  every  hope  of  making  the  tend 
on  that  part  of  the  coast  which  it  would  have  bieen  most  ittteretiting 
to  have  explored.  At  noon  we  were  in  latitude  65°  41'  09",  and 
lon^tude,  by  chronometer,  59°  09'  54".  In  the  afternoon,  after 
various  attempts  to  get  to  the  westward,  appearances  beeame  morfc 
unpi^mising  than  ever,  the  packed  ice  extending  from  N.b^E.  round 
to  S.W.  There  Were,  indeed,  parts  of  this  ice  which,  with  con- 
stant day-light,  a  ship  might  have  entered  with  some  probability 
of  success  ;  but,  with  twelve  hours'  night,  the  attempt  must  have 
been  attended  with  a  degree  of  risk,  which  nothing  but  a  very  im- 
portant object  could  justify.  The  wind  had  now  freshened  up 
from  the  N.N. W.,  -and  the  mercury  in  the  barometer  fell  with  un- 
usual rapidity,  with  every  other  appelarance  of  sin  appiioaching  gAle. 
I  was,  therefore,  under  the  necessity  of  admitting  the  conclusion 
that,  under  existing  circumstr;inces,the  season  WM  now  too  far  ad- 
vanced, and  the  state  of  the  ice  too  unfiEivoumble  to  allow  of  any 
further  examination  of  the  contc ;  and  I  determined,  therefore,  to 
make'  the  best  of  my  way  to  England.  The  boats  Were  according- 
';  hoisted  in,  and  the  ships  made  snug,  while  in  smooth  waiter,  un- 
der the  lee  of  the  ice,  and  a  course  was  then* shaped  to  Ae  £.S.'£., 
in  order  to  ditain  an.  offing,  before  we  bore-  away  to  the  souttt- 
ward. 


,  ifavirg  now  finally  taken  leave  of  the  ice,  it  may  be 'proper  to 
offibr  a  few  brief  remarks  tis  to  the  probable  existence  and  accom- 
plishment of  a  North- West  Passage  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Of 
the  existfente  of  such  a  passage,  and  that  the  outlet  will  be  found 
at  Behring's  Strait^  it  is  scarcely  possible,  on  an  inspection  of  the 
map,  with  the  addition  6f  our  late  discoveries,  and  in  conjunction 
with  those  of  Ccofc"  and  Mackenzie,^  any  longer  to  entertain  a  rea- 
sonable doubt.  In  discovering  one  outlet  from  Baffin's^ Bay  i^to 
the  Polar  Sea,  and  |[ind4ng  that  sea  studded  with  numerous  islands, 
another  link  has  at  least  been  added  to  the  chain  of  eviuence  upon 
which  geographers  have  long  ventured  to  delineate  the  northern 
coast  6f  America,  by  a  dotted  line  from  Icy  Cape  westward,  to  the 
rivers  of  Mackenzie,  arid  Hearne,  arid  thence  to  the  known  part 
of  the  coast  to  the  north  of  Httdafbn's  Bay, in  the  nei^bcurhood 
of  Wager  Biver ;  while,  at  the  same  time,  considerable  progress 
has  heen  made  towards  the  actual  accomplishment  of  the  dedired 


mUMMMI 


•MM 


■W"  ■■■■■"»■■ 

».winigi  iwmi  I. llg^^^^pn^pj|pB|[p^^^»^ 


n 


«"■. 


p     I 


♦(■ 


256 

passage,  which  has  for  nearly  three  centuries  engaged  the  atten- 
tion of  the  maritime  fiatipns  of  Europe. 

The  success  which  attended  our  efforts  during  the  season  of 
1819,  alTter  passing  through  Sir  James  Lancaster's  Sound,  was 
such  as  to  inspire  even  the  least  sanguine  among  us  with  a  reason- 
able hope  of  the  complete  accomplishment  of  our  enterprise,  before 
the .  close  of  the  next  season.  In  entertaining  such  a  liope»  however, 
we  had  not  rightly  calculated  on  the  seventy  of  the  climate  with 
which  we  had  to  contend,'  and  on  the  consequent  shortness  of  the 
season,  (not  exceeding  seven  weeks),  in  which  it  is  possible  to  per- 
form the  navigation  of  that  part  of  the  Polar  Sen,  Although  it 
must  be  admitted,  that  there  is  something  pf  uiiar  about  the  south- 
west end  of  Melville  Islanci ,  extremely  uoiitvourable  to  navigation, 
yet  it  is  also  certain  that  the  obstnjxtions  we  met  with  from  ice, 
both  as  to  its  thickness  and  extent,  were  found  generally  to  in- 
crease, as  we  proceeded  westward,  after  passing  through  Barrow^a 
Strait.  That  we  should  find  this  to  be  the  case,  might  perhaps 
have  been  reasonably  antitpipajted,  because  the  proximity  to  a  per- 
manently open  sea  appears  to  be  the  circumstance  which,  of  all 
others,  tends  the  most  to  temper  the  severity  of  the  Polar  regions^ 
ip  any  given  parallel  of  latitude.  On  this  account  I  should  always 
expect  to  meet  with  the  most  serious  impediments  about  mid-way, 
betvkeen  Uie  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans ;  and  having  once  passed 
that  barrier,  I  should  as  confidently  hope  to  find  the  difficulties 
lessen  in  proportion  as  we  advanced  towards  the  latter  sea;  espe- 
cially as  it  is  welt  known,  that  the  climate  of  any  given  parallel  ou 
that  side  of  America  is,  no  matter  from  what  cause,  very  many 
den'ees  more  te3per>!.te.  than  on  the  eastern  coast. 

But,.althouga  t  is  evident,  that  climate  does  not  wholly  depend 
on  latitude,  buv  on  other  circumstances  also,  (principally,  pemaps, 
those  of  locality  above  mentioned,)  yet  it  can  scarcely  be  doubted 
that,  on  any  meridian  to  the  north  of  America,  for  instance,  114* 
west  Inhere  we  were  stopped,,  the  general  climate  would  be  found 
apmewhatbett  i,  ^.^d  the  navigable  season  longer,  in  the  latitude 
ofW  than  in  that  of  7S'  near  which  we  wintered.  For  this  rea- 
son, it  would  perhaps  be  desirable,  that  ships  endeavouring  to  reach 
the  Pacific  by  this  route,  should  keep,  if  possible,  on  the  coast  of 
America,  and  the  lower  in  latitude  that  coast  may  be  found,  the 
more  favourable  will  it  prove  for  this  purpose. 

Our  experience,  I  tbmk,  has  clearly  shewn  that  the  navigation 
of  the  Polat  Seas  can  never  be  performed  with  any  degree  of  cer- 
tainty, without  a  continuity  of  land.  It  was  only  by  watching  the 
occasional  openings  between  the  ice  and  the  shore,  that  our  late 
progress  to  the  westward  was  effected  ;  ^v  ?d  had  the  land  continued 
in  the  desired  direction,  there  can  be  no  question  that  we  should 
have  continued  to  advance,  however  slowly,  towards  the  comple- 
tion of  ^jtfr  enterprise.    In  thi^  re^«^^  therefftjre,  Ji»  well  as  in 


■^ 


^bbi^^^i&Bs^ 


^^^^>:;5 


257 


I  the  atteo" 


Kiiilm-". 


I  navigatiiMi, 
h  from  ice, 
;rally  to  in- 
gh  Barrow** 
ight  perhaps 
lity  to  a  per- 
hich»  of  aU 
alar  regionsy 
lould  always 
ut  mid-way, 
once  passed 
e  difficulties 
r  sea;  espe- 
n  parallel  ou 
!,  very  many 

holly  depend 
dly,  pemaps, 
]f  be  doubted 
Dstance,  114* 
kid  be  found 

the  latitude 
'or  this  rea- 
iring  to  reach 

the  coast  of 
e  found,  the 

he  navigation 
egree  of  cer- 
watching  the 
that  our  late 
ind  continued 
tat  we  should 
s  the  comple- 
as  well  as  in 


^e  improvement  to  be  «spected  in  CKe  climate,  tKeri  would  ht  a 
manifest  advantage  in  makmg  the  attempt  on  the  coast  of  America* 
where  we  are  sure  that  the  land  will  not  fail  us.  The  probibiliQr 
of  obtaining  occasional  supplies  of  wood,  game»  and  tnti-scorbutic 
plants ;  the  chance  of  being  enabled  to  send  information  by  means 
of  the  natives  {  and  the  comparative  facility  with  which  ue  lives 
of  the  people  might  be  saved,  in  case  of  serious  and  irreparable  ac- 
cidents happening  to  the  ships,  are  also  important  considerations, 
which  naturally  serve  to  recommend  this  route.  Should  the  sea 
on  the  coast  of  Aiacrica  be  found  moderately  deep,  and  shelving 
towards  the  shore,  (which,  from  the  geological  character  of  the 
known  parts  of  the  continent  to  the  south,  and  of  the  Georgim 
Islands  to  the  north,  there  is  reason  to  believe  would  be  the  case 
for  a  considerable  distance  to  the  westward),  the  facility  of  navi- 
gation would  be  much  increased,  on  account  of  the  grounding  of 
the  heavy  masses  of  ice  in  water  sufficiently  deep  to  alU>w  the  ships 
to  take  shelter  behind  thetn,  at  siich  time  as  the  floes  ck»e  in  iqion 
the  land.  Farther  to  the  westward,  where  the  primitive  formation, 
and  perhapf  even  a  continuation  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  to  be 
expected,  a  steep  and  precipitous  shore  would  probity  occur*  a 
circumstance  which  the  foregoing^  narrative  has  shewn  to  be  at- 
tended with  much  comparative  uncertainty  and  risk. 

The  question  which  naturally  arises,  in  the  next  place,  relates 
to  the  most  likely  means  of  getting  to  the  coast  of  America^  so  aa 
to  sail  along  its  shores.  It  would,  in  this  resiiect,  be  desiraUe  to 
find  an  outlet  from  the  Atlantic  into  the  Polu-  Sea,  as  nearly  aa 
possible  in  the  parallel  of  latitude  in  which  the  nortiiem  coast  of 
America  may  be  supposed  to  lie  j  as,  however,  we  do  not  know 
of  any  such  outlet  from  Baffin's  Bay,  about  the  parallels  of  69°  to 
70%  the  attempt  is,  perhaps,  to  be  made  with  better  chance  of  suc- 
cess in  a  still  lower  latitude,  especially  as  there  is  a  considerable 
portion  of  coast  that  may  reasonably  be  supposed  to  offer  the  de- 
sired communication,  which  yet  remains  unexplored.  Cumberland 
Strait,  the  passage  called  Sir  Thomas  Rowe's  Welcome,  lying  be- 
tween Southav'Apton  Island  and  the  coast  of  America,  and  Re- 
pulse Bay,  appear  to  be  the  points  most  worthy  of  attention :  airf, 
considering  the  state  of  uncertainty  in  which  the  attempts  of  for- 
mer navigators  have  left  us,  with  regard  to  the  extent  and  com- 
municatipn  of  these  openings,  one  cannot  but  entertain  a  reasona- 
ble hope,  that  one,  or  perhaps  eich  of  them,  may  afford  a  practica- 
ble passage  into  the  Polar  Sea. 

So  little  indeed  is  known  of  the  whole  of  the  northern  shore  of 
Hudson's  StT»it,  which  appears,  from  the  best  information,  to  con- 
sist chif  f*f  cf  inlands,  that  the  geography  of  that  part  of  the  World 
ma'  tw.  fioR-iiicred  altogether  undetermined ;  so  that  an  expedition 
wU  :h  sho'jiid  be  s^nt  to  examine  those  parts,  would  soon  arrive 
apoa  ground  never  before  visited,  and  in  which,  from  an  inspection 


( 


^■y^j^^WF^mWwni^^'WW^ 


'flBr- 


'V- 


\      .  ( 


of  the  map  in  its  present  state,  there  certainly  does  seem  mote 
than  an  equal  chance  of  finding  the  desired  passage,  it  must  be 
lidmitted,  however,  that  any  notions  we  may  form  upon  this  ^es- 
tion',  amount  after  all  to  no  more  than  conjecture.  As  far  as  re- 
gards tHe  discovery  of  another  outlet  into  the  Polar  Sea,  to  the 
southward  of  Sir  James  Lancaster's  Soundvit  is  evident  that  the 
enterprise  is  to  be  begun  again  {  and  we  should  be  cautious,  there- 
fore, m  entertaining  too  sanguine  a  hope  of  finding  such  a  passage, 
the  existence  of  which  is  still  nearly  as  uncertain  as  it  was  two 
hundred  years  ago,  and  which  possibly  may  not  exist  at  all. 

In  the  course  of  the  foregomg  narrative^  it  may  have  been  re- 
marked, that  the  westerly  and  north-westerly  winds  were  always 
found  to  produce  the  effect  of  clearing  the  southern  shores  of  the 
North  Gebrgian  islands  of  ice,  while  they  always  lirought  with 
^hem  clear  weather,  which  is  euentially  necessary  ii^  prosecuting 
discoveries  in  such  a  navigation.  This  circumstance,  together 
with  the  fact  of  our  having  sailed  back  in  six  days  from  the  meri- 
dian of  Winter  Harbour  to  the  entrance  of  Sir  James' Lancastei^s 
Sound,  a  distance  which  it  required  five  weeks  to  traverse  when 
going  in  die  opposite  direction,  seems  to  offer  a  reasonable  ground 
t(>r  concluding,  that  an  attempt  to  effect  the  north-west  passage 
miffht  be  matte,  with  a  better  chance  of  success,  from  Behring's 
Stme,  4han  frbm  this  side  of  America.  Ttiere  are  some  circum- 
'Btaiices,  however,  which,  in  my  opinion,  render  this  mode  of  pro- 
ceeding altogether  Impracticable,  at  least  for  British  ships.  The 
jpriricipal  of  these  arises  from  the  length  of  the  voyage  which  must 
%st  be  performed,  in  order  to  arrive  at  the  point  where  the  work 
is  t^  be  begun.  After  such  a  voyage,  admitting  that  no  serious 
wear' ahd  tear  have  been  experienced,  the  most  important  part  of 
a  ship^s  resources,  namely,  the  provisions  and  fuel,  must  be  very 
matertally  reduced,  and  this  without  the  possibility  of  renewing 
them  to  the  extent  necessary  for  such  a  service,  and  which  can 
alone  give  confidence  in  the  performance  of  an  enterprise  of  which 
the  natiire  is  so  precarious  and  uncertain. 

V  ;Nor  should  it  be  forgotten  how  injurious  to  the  health  of  the 
^irs,  so  sudden  and  extreme  a  change  of  climate  would  in  all 
'pr6Babili(y  prove,  as  thbt  which  they  must  necessarily  experience 
in  going  at  once  from  the  heat  of  the  torrid  zone  into  the  intense 
cold  of  a  long  winter  upon  the  northern  shores  of  America.  Upon 
the  whole,  therefore,  I  cannot  but  consider  that  any  expedition, 
equipped  by  Great  Britain  with  this  view,  will  act  with  greater 
advantage,  by  at  once  employing  its  best  energies  in  the  attempt 
•to  penetrate  from  the  eastern  coast  of  America  along  its  northern 
shore. 

Whatever  may  be  the  result  of  any  future  attempt  to  decide  this 
great  geographical  question,  experience  has  shewn  that,  indepen- 
dently of  any  benefit  which  science  may  derive  from  such  attempts, 


^M.    „^. 


l^wB^jjtt^^^^  ^i'a,Sjia^sj&)^--^'^&l'_ 


fi59 

thoie  already  made  have  not  been  altogether  without  their  use 
also  in  a  commercial  point  of  view.  Previously  to  'the  return  of 
the  Expedition  of  1818  from  Baffin's  Bay,  the  whale-fishery  in  that 
sea  was  almost  entirely  confined,  during  the  best  part  of  the  sum- 
mer-seuson,  to  the  eastern  or  Greenland  shores,  where  at  no  very 
distant  period,  the  number  of  whales  was  found  sufficient  to  afford 
abundant  employment  for  the  numerous  fleet  of  ships  which  are 
annually  employedi  in  this  trade.  For  some  years  past,  however, 
it  has  been  observed,  that  it  requires  a  much  greater  share  of  ex- 
ertion than  formerly,  to  procure  the  same  supply  of  whales,  these 
animals  having  been  scared  from  South-East  and  North-East  Bays, 
and  the  other  southeiii  parts  of  the  coast  of  Greenland,  which  only 
a  few  years  ago  were  considered  a  sure  and  abundant  fishery,  and 
retired  to  the  northern  and  western  parts  of  Baffin's  Bay,  where 
they  have  hitherto  been  but  little  molested.  Such,  indeed,  is  the 
general  want  of  success  on  the  old  ground,  that  it  is  a  common 
complaint  among  our  whalers,  that  this  fishery  appears  to  be  well 
nigh  worn  out.  Above  forty  sail  of  ships  accompanied  the  Expe- 
dition of  1818  up  the  coast  of  Greenland,  nearly  as  high  as  the  lati- 
tude of  76",  where  the  whales  were  found  to  be  so  abundant,  as 
amply  to  repay  the  labour  and  exertions,  by  which  our  fishermen 
had  succeeded  in  penetrating  thus  far  through  more  than  ordinary 
obstructions  from  ice.  Encouraged  by  this  success*  and  by  the 
knowledge  of  our  having  subsequently  crossed  to  the  western  coast 
of  Baffin's  Bay  without  much  difficiUty,  the  fthalers  began  to  ex- 
tend their  views  beyond  what  had  formeriy  been  considered  the 
utmost  limits  of.  the  fishery,  and  accordingly  in  1819,  succeeded  in 
penetrating  the  barrier  of  ice  which  occupies  the  centre  of  Baffin's 
Bay,  and  for  tlie  first  time  sailed  over  into  Sir  James  Lancaster's 
Sound,  and  some  of  the  other  bays  and  inlets  upon  the  same  oast. 
In  the  course  of  that  year's  navigation,  no  less  ihan  fourteen  ship^ 
were  wrecked  among  the  ice,  but  fortunately  only  one  or  two 
lives  were  lost.  Not  discouraged,  however,  by  this  disaster,  tlie 
enterprising  spiiit  of  our  fishermen  led  them,  again,  in  18S0,  to 
make  the  attempt  to  range  over  the  whole  of  the  northern  and 
western  part  of  the  bay  in  quest  of  whales.  Such  was  the  well- 
earned  success  which  attended  their  efforts,  that,  in  the  course  of 
tbat  season,  scarcely  a  nook  or  corner  of  this  extensive  bay  remain- 
ed unvisited  by  them.  Mr.  Bell  in  the  Friendship,  of  Hull,  whom 
I  have  before  had  occasion  to  mention,  ^nd  one  or  two  other  of  the 
ships  sailed  up  to  its  very  northernmost  limits,  entered  Whale 
Sound,  and  were  close  off  the  entrance  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith's 
Sound ;  an  exploit  which  has  never  before  been  performed  since 
Baffin  first  discovered  these  inlets,  above  two  hundred  years  ago. 
It  has  been  seen,  in  the  course  of  the  foregoing  narrative,  in  what 
situation  we  met  with  several  of  the  ships  on  our  return  down  the 
western  coast  in  the  autumn  of  1820.    The  success  which  they  met 


ssSSSMSi^ 


S60 


H 


■  % 


with  on  this  oceiaioa  wm  such  u  has  seldom  occurred  in  the 
Davis'  Stritit  fishery  on  any  former  season ;  and  thus  has  a  new 
and  extensive  field  been  opened  for  one  of  the  most  lucrative 
branches  oJFour  commerce,  and  what  is  of  scarcely  less  importance, 
one  of  the  most  valuable  nurseries  for  seamen  which  Great  Britain 
possesses.  Nothing,  indeed,  can  exceed  the  bold  and  enterprising 
spirit  displayed  by  our  fishermen  in  the  capture  of  the  whale.  At 
whatever  time  of  niriit  or  day,  a  whale  is  announced  by  the  look* 
oat  man  in  the  crowVneat,  the  men  instantly  jump  into  the  boats* 
frequently  with  their  cloathes  in  their  hand,  and  with  an  alacrity 
scarcely  equalled  even  in  the  most  highly^isciplined  fleet,  push 
on  in  pursuit  of  the  whale,  regardless  of  cold  and  wet,  and  hunger, 
for  hours,  and  someUmes  days  together.  Nor  is  it  solely  on  oc- 
casions where  their  immediate  interest  U  concerned,  that  this  acti- 
vity is  displayed  by  them.  It  happened,  on  the  voyage  of  1818t 
that  in  (pdeavouring  to  pass  between  the  land  and  a  body  of  ice 
which  -WAS  rapidly  closing  the  shore,  the  Alexander,  then  under 
r.iy  tiommuiid,  touched  the  ground  just  at  the  critical  moment  when 
it  was  necessary  to  push  through  the  narrow  and  uncertain  passage. 
It  being  oearly  calm,  the  boats  were  sent  a-head  to  tow,  but  the 
little  way  which  they  could  give  the  ship  was  not  sufficient  to  have 
rescued  us  in  time  from  the  approaching  danger,  and  nothing  less 
than  the  wreck  of  the  ship  was  every  moment  to  be  expected.  Se- 
veral sail  of  whalers  were  following  astern ;  but  seeing  the  danger- 
ous situation  in  whi^tfi  the  Alexander  was  placed,  and  the  impossi- 
bility of  getting  through  themselves,  they  instantly  put  about  into 
the  clear  water  Which  we  had  just  left,  and,  before  we  had  time  to 
ask  for  assistance,  no  less  than  fourteen  boats,  many  of  them  with 
the  masters  of  the  ships  themselves  attending  in  them,  pkiced  them* 
selves  promptly  a-head  of  the  Alexander^  and  by  dint  of  the  greaC- 
eat  exertion  towed  her  ofl*  into  clear  water,  at  the  rate  of  three  or 
four  miles  an  hour,  not  one  minute  too  soon  to  prevent  the  catas- 
tr(»^e  we  ^d  anticipated. 

The  opening  of  a  new  whale-fishery  on  the  western  coast  of 
Baffin's  Bay,  which  constitutes  an  important  era  in  the  history  of 
that  trade,  and  for  which  the  country  is  indebted  to  the  researches 
of  the  expedition  of  1818,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Rossj 
will,  perhaps,  render  expedient  a  new  mode  of  proceeding  in  the 
annual  visits  of  our  ships  to  this  part  of  the  Polar  regions.  It  has 
hitherto  been  customary  for  a  certain  number  of  those  intended 
for  the  Davi»''  Strait  fishery,  to  or'^upy  the  early  part  of  the  season 
in  what  is  called  **  the  south- we'  hich  is  that  part  of  the  sea 

immediately  to  the  eastward  o  )lution  Island,  and  i»  that 

neighbourhood.  The  ships  frequently  appear  on  this  ground  as 
early  as  the  fint  of  April,  when  the  nights  are  long,  the  weather 
cxtrerviely  cold  and  inclement,  and  with  a  heavy  sea  oecasionally 
ioUittg  in  upon  them  from  the  Atlantic,  making  this,  perhaps^upon 


■  II  imf^'*^'*^ 


'^M:::. 


th«  whole,  the  most  teyere  fishery  which  is  any  where  used  by  our 
whalers.  They  generally  remain  upon  this  coast,  as  near  as  the 
ice  will  permir  them,  till  about  the  Hrst  er  second  week  in  June, 
not  without  considerable  wear  and  ir  to  the  ships,  and  the  laoit 
harassing  fatigue  to  the  men,  but  nti  with  a  proportionate  de* 

gree  of  succeus  to  repay  their  toil  itter  this,  they  strike  over  It 
the  eastern  or  Greenland  side,  and  prosecute  the  fishery  on  that 
coast  in  the  usual  way.  I  cannot  but  consider,  that  this  «<  south- 
west" fishery  might  now  be  advanugeously  dispensed  with  alt»> 
ffether,  and  the  expense  of  wages,  provisions,  and  went  and  tear» 
for  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June,  entirely  saired  to  the 
owners,  or  employed  m  some  more  beneficial  manner.  By  enter- 
ing Davis'  Strait  no  earlier  than  the  first  week  in  July,  I  feel  con- 
fident, that  a  ship  may  ensure  a  **  payable'*  cargo  of  fish  before  the 
end  of  the  season,  without  incurring  half  the  antiety  or  risk  which 
must  always  attend  the  navigation  of  that  sea  at  an  earlier  period 
of  the  season.  By  dbtng  this,  a  ship  may,  as  I  have  before  had  oc* 
easion  to  remark,  perhaps,  reach  the  latitude  of  73*  or  74°,  about 
the  20th  or  25th  oi  July,  with  very  little  obstruction  from  ice.  In 
the  course  of  this  passage^  it  is,  indeed,  more  than  probable,  that 
not  a  single  whale  will  be  met  with,  even  though  the  ship  should 
keep  the  whole  way  along  the  eastern  margin  of  the  ice.  Not  dis- 
couraged, however,  by  this  circumstance,  let  her,  on  her  arrival 
about  the  parallel  of  73%  bol^  enter  the  ice  wherever  it  seems  the 
most  promising  for  getting  Uirouf^  it  to  the  western  coast.  lu 
ado).'ting  this  measure,  there  is  doubtless  much  risk  to  encounter, 
but  not  more  than  in  pushing  on  to  the  northward  into  Prince  Re^ 
gent*i  Buy,  where,  from  the  peculiar  conformation  of  the  land* 
which  is  extremely  (avouraUe  for  die  retention  of  the  ice^  a  serious 
obstruction  may  always  be  expected. 

In  effecting  a  passage  through  the  central  barrier  of  ice  in  Baf^ 
fin's  Bay^  it  is  possible  that  one,  two,  or  in  some  seasons,  even  three 
weeks  may  be  occupied ;  while  in  others,  as  in  the  year  1820,  no> 
thing  but  «  sailing  ice**  may  l>e  found  in  a  high  latitude,  through 
which  a  ship  makes  her  way  without  difficulty.  Having  once  efo 
fected  this  passage,  however,  there  will,  I  apprehend,  be  stiU  more 
than  sufficient  time  for  the  accomplishment  of  their  object,  except 
in  very  unfavourable  seasons,  for  we  have  Uie  experience  of  three 
following  years  for  asserting  that  an  open  sea  will  be  found  at  that 
period  to  the  westward,  while  the  number  of  whales  which  we  met 
with  on  that  side  of  the  bay  seems  likely  to  ensure  to  them,  at  least 
for  some  time  to  come,  an  easy  and  abundant  fishery.  For  this 
purpose,  however,  the  ships  should  be  directed  not  to  be  in  a  hurry 
to  leave  the  coast  until  the  latter  end  of  September,  that  month  bet- 
ing by  far  the  best  in  the  year  for  the  navigation  of  Davis'  Strait 
and  Baffin's  Bay,  and  consequendy  affording  greater  facility, 
«isd  much  less  risk,  in  the  capture  of  whales.    The  apprehension 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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*J  WJff3|dV''"J 


262 

which  has,.I  beUeve,  been  entertained  by  some  of  the  ship-owncri, 
of  their  veueU  being  caught  in  the  ice,  so  n  to  prevent  their  re- 
turn,  in  consequence  of  remaining  too  late,  is,  as  far  as  I  have 
httd  an  opportunity  of  judmng,  altogether  withput  foundation,  un<p 
less  their  stay  be  extended  considenibly  beyond  the  penod  I  have 
mrationed. 

How  far  the  plan  suggested  above  may  be  c^sidered  advan- 
tageous* as  regjuds  a  late  or  an  tarly  market  fpr  Uie  oil,  or  whether 
more  profit  may  be  esqpectedby  employing  the  i^ips  in  making  a 
Baltic  voyi^,  as  is  sometimes  the  case,  after  that  from  Davis.* 
Strait  is  completed,  than  is  lifkely  tOiretmilt  from  a  full  cargo.c^ 
blubber  at  the  end  of  the  season,  are  circumstances  of  which  I  «m 
not  competent  to,  form  a  judgment*  and  which  must  be  left  to  ^ 
consideration  of  the  ship-owners  themselveiK  IshaUonlji,  there- 
fore*  add  on  this  sujlyect,  that  it  has  been  suggested  to  me  by  one 
of  those  gentlemen,  Uiat  f^  ship  might,  perhaps,  be  employed  to  gFfiBt 
adyantage*  by -occupying  the  early  part  of  the  season  (till  the  mid? 
die  of  June,  for  instance,), at  Spitzbergen,  and  then  nuu^ing  down 
into  Davis*  Strain  to  complete  her  fishery  in;the  way  I  have  pro- 
p<»ed» 


] 


V 


On  the  27tfa  of  September  we  ran  to  the  southward,  and  eastwardl 
with  a  fresh  and  favourable  breeze,  and  without  meeting  with  ai^ 

ice  after  leavin^pitamainbody,  except  one  or  two- icebergs,  and?  n 
few  stnigg^ing  pieces  which,  however,  make  it  necessary  to  be  vei^ 
cautious  in  running  at  night*  especii^y  when  there  is  any  sea^  tfa« 
breaking  of  which  cannot  easily  be  distinguished  from  a  maMof 
ice*  On  some  occasions,  therefore,. it  was  necessaiy  to  heave-tp 
for  a  few  hours  at  night,  a  precaution  which  I  should  always  re- 
commend in  the  latter  part  of  the  season*  till  a  ship  has  passed 
well  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  Farewell*  It  is  remarked  by  the 
whalers,  that  they  usutUyhavii  a  gale  of  wind  to  encounter  otthip 
h^dland  in  returning  hoase  from  their  fidhery*  which  has  also  oc- 
curred on  the  two  occasions  on  which  I  have;passed  it  at  this  set- 
son.  On  the  30th  of  Septembei^  in  the  evening,  there  was  every 
appearance  of  unfavoun^  weather,  and  the  ships  were  made  snug 
before  dark.  Soon  after  this,  a  gale  came  on  from  the  npfthww^ 
and  westward*  which  continued  ta  blow  lutfd,  with  Uttie  intermis- 
aion,  during  the  ist  and  3d  of  October.  The  fall  of  the ;  mercury 
in  the  barometer  was,  on  this  occasion^  very  gradual*  and  acaiici^y 
such,  perhaps^  as  tobe  conHidered  a  Isir  warning  of  an  ap|>roacbing 

Sde,  being  only  fr«m  39ii49  at  noon  on  the  30th,  to  S9.38  at  ^ix 
.M.,  and  39.31  at  midn^ht.  On  the  morning  of  the  8d,  U.  Imd 
fallen  to  28.66*  at  which  time  the  g^  had  been  blowing  hard ,  fiof 
nmre  than  twen^-four  boors.    The  wind  had  somewhat  moden(ti4 


2{63 


liUie  Sd,  when  the  barometer  hid  lUleB  m  loir  at  99.14b  In  the 
fplt  which  we  experienced  off  Cape  Farewell  in  1818,  the  baro- 
meter was  also  much  lower  for  two  days  after  it  had  ceased'  to 
blow  than  while  it  lasted.  Daring  the  timJe  that  we  were  in  Hie 
PoUr  Sea,  and  especially  while  we  were  frozen  op  in  Winter  IIar>* 
boor,  we  also  remarked  that  a  gfde  Was  accompanied,  rather  than 
preceded,  by  a  fall  of  ^  mercury  in  the  barometer ;  in  moderate 
weather,  it  almost  invariably  ros^  with  northerly  and  westerly 
Winds,  and  fell  with  those  >froaoi  the  sooth  and  eait. 
^/•Oh  the  2d  of  October, 4n  Nodding  before  the  wind,  under  the 
main-top-sail»  a  heavyrieh^  struck  the  Hdcla  on  the  larboard  !qila»» 
ter,  rendering  it  nefcessary  to  press  her  forward  under  more  oai^ 
vas,  by  which  we  losfc  si^t  of  the  Griper  in  ^he  coortte  of  the 
morning.  As  soon  ai  the  weather  m^vderated,  we  hove-to  for  het ; 
but,  as  she  did  not  Inake  h^  i^ppiarance,  hating, ifcs  we  aftenKavdii 
learned,  been  obliged  to  lie-to  dorin|^  the  hcidbt  of  the  ^de,  we 
continued  our  course  out  of  the  Struts,  and  did  not  mmn  meet 
With  the  Griper  till  our  return ^  Eng^d.  After  ten  P.M.  this 
night,  the  Aurora  Borealis  appeare<lfeat  times  In  almost  every  part 
of  the  heavens,  but  most  constantly  in  dief  soUtluini  quarter.  It 
consisted  of  no  distinct  figure^  either  arch  or  pencils,  but  of  a  gene? 
rally  diffused  white  light,  illuminating  the  atmosphere  at  timea 
quite  as  much  as  the  moon  when  six  or  seven  days  old.  Hus  phi- 
•non^enon  occurred  almost  every  night  during  our  passage  across 
the  Athintic,  rendering  them  extremely  lig^t,  even  when  the  we%> 
ther  was  cloudy,  just  in. the  same  manner  that  the  moon  doesal- 
thdugh  her  disk  is  not  visible.  When  the  weather  wsn  clear^  it 
most  frequently  resembled  die  light  of  that  luminary  when  issuing 
from*  behind  a  dark  ctoud^  ' 
'^  On  the  Sd  we  observed  a  more  brilliant  display  thm  usual  of  this 

ghenomenon.  It  appeared  atnme  P*M.  in  various  parts  of  the 
eavens>  from  £.N.£«,  round  1^  south,  to  W.b.N.,  principally  con* 
ikistinv  it^rst  of  many  detached  luminous  patches  like  clouds,  irre- 
gulttty  sdttterid  about,  and  shifting  frvouently^  though  not  veiy 
rapictty,  from  jdace  to  place.  From  the  W.bJNl,  over  to  the  S*S.  £., 
and  pamUg  a  lew  degrees  to  the  sont>*  ^rard  of  die  zenitbt  there 
soon  appearcNl  a  broad  band  of  light,  having  a  tendency  to  arch ; 
and  the  Hjj^t  bf  which  this  consisted  appeared  to  come  from  the 
west  towardb  the  east.  In  the  E^N.E.  quarter,  there  was  a  lu» 
minotts  apjvearance  distittibt  from  the  rest,  at  id>out  15*  or  flO*  of  al- 
titude, eibicily  reiembUng  the  light  of  the  moon  behind  a  dusky 
eloUdf  except  that  at  times  vivid  coruscations  shot  upwards  from 
It  towairda  tiie  zenith.  At  a  quarter  past  ten  the  |>henomenon  sud- 
denly beeame  much  more  Iniwan^  its  general  position  and  duurae* 
Hr  remmnii^,  however,  neciAy  as  before.  It  still  appeued  ehbfly 
tti^tiie  sonthwild  of  the  zetiitb,  the  arch4ike  appearimce  continu- 
i%irilh  iucteased  splendour^  and  accompaiued  fortbaat  nouarter 
of  aa  hour  by  a  beautifully  waving  light,  of  the  rapidi^  and  mag> 


I 


'".ff  1  *^  ^I^^^^^p^ 


ad 


M 


siiotiice  of  fMiieh  it  u  impMsibk  to  c0Bvc)r  any  adequate  idea. 
The  motioa  of  tint  li^t  mttinded  one  of  the  eontoitions  of  a  tndte, 
tkcept  iliat  ita  veloci^«raa  often  so  great  that  the  eye  could  with 
dlliealty  fellow  it.  The  awat  inteate  part  was  a  pale  ftreenith 
eoleur ;  th^  reat  neaify  white.  The  a>eh,  which  before  had  beea 
atationarfv  at  oac  timeihifted  its  positioB^  1^  appearing,  as  it  were, 
tfrtui'a  dp  its  leg^  so  aa  to  ^irai  a  part  of  a  dr<^  seen  in  perspective 
Ml  A«  sottth,  parallel  to  the  horizoo.  The  luminoua  patch,  or 
cloud,  in  the  EtN.fi.  increased  abo  very  Uioch  in  brightncas  at 
Ike  same'  time,  «mitdng  awia  vivid  eomaeitiasls,  but  eontiniikig» 
ai-b«f(ka»  ^|«ita  distuMt  finom  the  net  of  the  phenomeaon.  This 
Aurora,  when  lightest,  gave  aearly  aa  aaeh  light  aa  that  of  a  fall 
aaaoB^  There  coold  not  be  the  amalkat  doubt  that  it  dimmed^ 
•ttd'  even  eonMtimea  akogcAer  obseored,  the  stars  over  which  it 
piNiaidi.  '  W«  pariiealariy  imarariEfd,  that  whetever  ^here  was  A 
lioad  atream  of  ita  light  stationary  for  some  time  in  any  put  of 
tin}  tieaNwnSy  it  prbdnced  eancdy  die  efiect  of  a  curmin ;  tor  we 
cbi^ld  onl^  distio^tiish  atara  of  the  firat  and  aecoad  nu^itudea 
Kl#<#m4li^  while  thoaeof  iafbrior  JlnilUaBoy  were  visible  m  g^reat 
iibmberat^  the  side  of  it.  In  this,  as  in  several  previoua  instant 
•ea,  the  Aiirora  appeared  very  near  as,  thoi^h  it  waa  evidendy 
fcif^er  dum  aome  clouds  which  were  passing,  as  mi^t  readily  be 
diatiagniahed  by  t^e  latter  iaterceptiag  a  part  of  ita  lia^t.  TItt 
<i^ttt>aiiater  waa  fried  darhig  the  osost  brilliaat  part  of  die  pbe* 
noiHeaoli,  but  neidier  do  thia  or  on  any  other  occasion,  ia  crossiajg 
the  A4antic,did  the  gold  leaf  stve  any  indioatiqa  of  electricity ; 
liorwas  the  magnetic  needle  inane  lightest  de^e  affected.  The 
|reh4%e  rapeftaace  sbove  deaerHied  waa  not  bisected  by  die  mag* 
netic  meriaian,  but  by  die  magnetic  N.E.  and  S.W.  At  a  qiiart» 
icr 'before  elevea  the.  light  becaaMs  less  fariUittit,  and  apread  more 
ta  the  aeldiwaad,  and  dicn  giraduaHy  diaaj^eared  before  midnight. 

Oil  the  llth,  being-  ia  fatt.  dl*  11',  longitude  31'  13',  some  water 
brought  up  from  a  depth  of  durec  htmdred  and  twenty  ^dioooi*,  io 
Dr.  Maro«i's  botde,  was  at  the  tempeipture  of  44i%  die  suidbj^ 
irater  ^ng  a^  474%  and  the  air  48%     }n^ 

At  seven  P.M.,  oh  the  13th,  die  wind  being  squaU^  from  ^ 
N.N.W;,  the  Aurora  Borcatis began  toduplay  itself  ma  lifighjt 
luminous  patch  in  the  north-east,  resembling,  as  usualy  the  li||hluf 
the  moon  beliiiid  a  dark  cloud.  From  diis  point  faint  and  narreir 
oaroscadons  shot  upwards,  passing  a  little  to  the  north^weatwuni 
ultile  aenith,  and  appearing  to  come  down  in  the  W.biS.  The 
blue  rily  between  these  streams  of  light,  looked  at  first  Uke  so  mai^ 
dark  alreaka  or  douds,  until  the  eye  had  become  accuatomed  to  il« 
aliKd  ifte  elamrness  off  the  stmv  in  t>iem  explained  the  dec^tion.  JUt 
hKlf  «b  fmur  titer,  a  bri^  arch,  34^  high  in  the  cencre,  and  about 
f*  lalfMadtli,  extended  from  the  Luminous  patch  ia  the  N.iE«  over 
to  die  iir.&W.,  ao  that  the  magnetic  meridian  would  neaiily  bitaat 
it.    'Hils  part  ^  the  phenomenon  remained  about  an  haitf»  and  then 


-^:«»^|«r.j»^M».'<Mt.«,4ilA' 


"SiaBr-^.. 


Imme  fidnt,  liii»4lie  A^twn .  tmam^  to  giv«  tf  iCQHlidWMe^    } 
lii^  M  i»u9l^  iMmg  fint  tetl  «f  ffae  m^^  ^  '  /  ^^#i,:        ^ 

Themcrciiry  i»  the  b«roniieter  foU  |^i}M(Ryv  ^ut  ttffiif"  ' 
from  noiiflnigbt  on  the  llth,  frhen  it  iri»  at^S^^lM^li^  iViii 
A.M .;  on  die  14th,  at  whs6»l  tinije  it  ttood^  #^f^^  \mm,  i 
hard  gale  of  wind  came  oa  so  fuddtnty  m  wtiKmy  to  gjve  li«      „ 
to  save  the  masta  and  yards.    It  is  remai^MtMe  that,-  im<nedlsi^. 
aifter  ttiu  the  mercnry  in  tha-Jbafohieter  rose.to-29.S6  i^^Sy  and> 
continued  so  very  steadily  tittnhieP.M.,  when  |^  once  oMyre  gra<^ 
dually  descended  till  it  had  ra^d  38*83  on  the  mprning  of  tho- 
ifiO^,   The  gale  con^ued^  io  hlow  almost  withool  tnteraMasi^ 
^Mriour  successive  davs^w,.  t  ^  .<ff 

On  the  afternoon  ol  the  t6th,  the  sei^being^veiry  high  and  ip^i, 
Ifular^ and  the shtp^ pttchingwith ^consldarailNb violence,  the ho#^f 
^t  waa  carried  away  tlose  to  the4|a<iiaM»ttit|g»  and  ^^'Ointmm 
a^main-top^mast  immediately  foBowtdit  over  die  iSd/^  '^W^M 
wreck  was  ijpiickly^  cleared  ;  and>  by  the  gflatf  st,aedvi^  and  eti4^^ 
gy  on  the  pal«>of  the  offiiors  and;'  meh,  the  main-yard.  and\li|f^ . 
mast  were  saved,i  the  'atter  havltig^bc^  jendfog^red  by  the  fofe*. 
mast  fallii^g.  across  |he  stsrjr,  and  the  former  by  thewrecl;  ^^^^ 
mmn-top*mast  jmd  tt^satl^yard  lyii^  upoa  it:  JNfotwidistepp~^ 
the  ccmtunianceof  the  gate,  and  tiw  nneasy  motion  ai  the  thi^i,  .,_ 
the  next  two  days,  we  succeeded  in  gettirig  ofKOur  jury-m^stinAli^ 
as  to  make  sail  on  die  evenhig  ci  the  iBth* .  iSi's'^  f 

^  Noting  material  oo^irred^till  tha>^,  afternoon  of  the  96diy  ,#^1. 
We  struck  sounding' tnvsevcn^4athoms»  op  »  botlpm.iell^  ' 
sftnd  audi  broken  shells,  being.in  latitude ^9f  55',  lonf^tud^^ti 
west.    The  weather  beiitg>  cMin,  iome  fishing-lineft  w«r#  ps^i 
and,  several  fine  cod  and  t^rsl:  were  caught,  being  the;fi^  W| 
mi^t  with.8ince  leaving  l^ir  |slaod,.at,  t6e,$ommencemeiit  m 
v<^Ki^get^  On  the  fottQwh%  |lay^  we^  made.  PbvX  Islai^df^ ' 


%j^  ^^M^^  ^^m 


Si  1  li!evi«fu«^y  to  our  pamNir 
l^tefiaiit  I^Ul^^n  ant^t 


■i^/1 


1  ..si'ji 


-  "if 


dliMliipii  deaiatM  fomj^^^  pil^^iiAnn»aBd«U  odutr 

Md  (Ulier  aoeii«M»ii)i^^vliKiiiii:^^        «iniitMt  «ul  4i^ 

Mth.  Hayiay  l«l|  Mr.  HSteper  it  Ii^«li»  to  wo6n  die  Eecli^* 
•rriv^  to  Hoir-AdaM  Ot«rfl^»  the  comMOMbr-iiM^^c^  at  t|wt 
port,  and  to  provide  fteali  beel  and  vegetiMet  lor  our  pMsAe,  Cap^ 
tarn  SilMiie  and  myatlT  pveeeeded  iMoiit  dcli^  to  JUmdoa,  irhen 
W  pttived  on  the  mmmg  of  tlie  M  of , November. 


Koth  was  the  ese^ei^  itate  of  heihh  wlkii  we  al  this  tine 
CO^tuiued  to  ci^  on  hOi^^theHeela^^iti  d«tii|g^^^  whole  sea- 
m^./^'^Jf^^^^^mm  the  eeut  <if 

HM  cnleved  on  our  ^I^Hlt,  eaeept  fh}ni  one  or  tw«>  aeei^nii^«f 
» tt!Hhn|  nature ;  ijin}  I  iiad  the  h«p^>ineeft  of  eieitM^  e«eiiy»ott«|i 
aiul  fliian  on  board^Oth;  flii|is^  (with  onl^  oni  ekeentioi  «ii^  of 
»ine^*fottr  pertont),  letttrn  to^  their  native  eountrf  m  a»  rohtnt 
h0m  as  ivhen  the)rlelt  it,  afiar  an  abMnce  of  neaify  eigfatees 
fiohtt^  during  which  tnid  we  had  heen  living  entirety  on  oSrowii 
iftfepii^ircea. 

'tie  Griper  arrived  at  Shedand^m  the  let  of  Novembiiv  and 
^  m^  at  Leith  oh  the  ad.  Both  shba  caaae  into  the  Riv«r 
^puae*  about  the  middle  of  November^  an^i^ei^  paid  off  il 
Oep^frd  on  ^  tiBt  of  the  loUowittg  mondi. 


-IK 


fS^*'-\J}  •■ 


cwii  or  ttttt 


K"'  ■ 

B** ' 

"*       ,     -i 

m 

:-^:\'~   .  ■ 

k'. 

../  "     ,.r 

St.5'.    '*    «* 


/^'^, 


':*-^  ' 


.    .,.  -^  .■Vyfif-iJK.* 


pM^- 


ABftENDIX 


'4L»    : 


No.  I. 


MBtitalti 


^  "  w^  iiwn  we  equatoruO,  iniW^^ 


'  '^'^'ki 


-^SS 


t  '• 


■sr  ^'J 


11^ 


^^?^^u:i 


^ii-i 


mi , 


4,      »t^ 


^^*^;>hv;rD^^ 


1  3 


^BtMftk-i. 


&v     'J"^ 


J^ijMicm.  which  ItmiAerS^ 

liQuri  «ich,  accurately  det.iJmS^-Ji:?''  **'*'y«™  intarvala  of  ^ 

W^^'W^jjy  b,.  i»!rtpd«cS^AkhL^J5•y  ^«^-  ^hewby- 

«2il5rll?^*  "*  ^w  number  of  «<i»L»:     • .        i 

j"?^  «focIta  were  vted  in  th>a«  ...*•' 

^^l|lind  ^he  worW.  '        *  ^"**^*»  «oon^paiiiedJCi£tom 


rv.. 


^^' 


Tlitejiiat^a 


ImLa^doii,.  >  ""vwottm*,  I.at.  ro'ss'is'"  v 


.  V. 


_J^^^^4^^ 


wm^t9W^m  obtained  for  the  ■CMknuioa  between 

I«oiMlon  anA.lMMvUle  lilmiA*''-'''''''^ 

3dfy.  The  itiM    ol^  vtbtaHott*  nide  fay  the  dockt  in  Ijisdon 
WM  inoevtiined^bf  two  distinct  i^et  of  e^  one  before 

th«deperiBr««f«lid  «  eefiiid  elt^  the  rctam  of  the  Expedition  i 
the  very  vieioPilgreinientof  tbesei^  occasione  provhig 

ttHMinetthet  Of  9MriAocka«oraiiy  pn«  apparatus,  had  id*, 

taioed  an  Itiiiiftip  OMif'tkot  foyii^  affiH&tltiff  their  rate  of  going ; 
m  well  as  aHbrdinft*«atisiact6ry  iiiference  of  the  confidence  which 
ie4ne^t•4he5«|•<Sof  experiiiwfltt}  the  ntfmber  0f  vibmtions  in 
MvbouninI«QBilen.waa«sibllows:  ;  >     :    ay 


Clocks 


ndar  d»|r. 


.\, 


4m. 
m^^ 


whicl)  was  allpwed  for  th«  eiqeieriments  at 
snna  oemg  inflj^  suilicietji^  for  their  cotn^ctton,  the  rate 
of  each,  clock  being  4etemiined  by  a  mean  of  8^  intervals  of  £4 
hours'eac'h.       ■•■■•■  ^  y^^^  •  .  ,<^^^ 

'And  lastly.  From  the  correspondence  in  the  results  ot^tauned  ]% 
the  two  clocks;  the  daily  acceleratipn  of  the  onei  on  a    <^^- in  of  die 


the  iatitudes  of  51*  31'  08.4"  and  74,"  4,7'  14.36"  N: 

By  comparing^  in  a  similar  manner,  the  experiments  made  in  the 
Voyage  of  1818  with  each  other,'the  acceleration  of  the  penduluin 
between  the  several  stations  at  which  It  was  triedy  has  been  obtianr 
ed,as  follows: 


BclNreeiji  LMon  isnd  Brassa  - 
London  and  Hare  Island 
Brassa  and  Hare  Island 


33.107 
65 


i.l07  "1     -u    -.• 
2386  L  ^^o'^^^ons  m  amean 

32.1316J        ^^^^y- 


The  following  table  tontsiins  the  deductions  which  h«ve  be'en 
obtained  by  calculation  from  these  several  results. 


FrMpB  the  MmlentioD  btttireen 


London'  aia'd;BraS8a      • 

*■_,  -'.''■■  A, 

London  and  Hare  Island 
B^ISi^  and  Hare  Islaad 
London,  imd  !MelviUe>  Island 


DimimrtkHi  of  Gr»> 

rity  fi-om  the  Pole  l^i|>tiei^of 

to  thff  Bqoator.       \  f|b^  fearth. 


.0055066 
.0055139 
.0055089 
.0055258 


Tthr 


-_.,„  -.--S^  ,.^f-. 


if\    ■'''■ 


cm 


ti.--^ ^„-,^;— ^r— 


■■'7^     T'fwli 


Kan; 


h 


m 


^MMMMM  iwr  no  mam  «i»  j»ai*  Jifl|  ««**•  «*^^««» 

SSbtoim  white  in  «h.«. »«  «*»  «S«»»?^    toAtHHWrctig, 
of  dmow  intolwilHe  KWBi-K    T'^.f***"  ?.:- .«..,.  .^.-,.. 

ThcywSSlUwcted  to  coiiHitti»  Hili  ^n?»»^  iiiiffl  •oi^mi  tU«^ 
After  dri^  A.  mildw  ami  <rU^  Mi'>.MF'!g:*!iggy 


"-J    ^  £2j;£: 


tfialiiLkiii 


toei 


■^3 


1^- 


tSt^fty 


•WJiJ^^ 


MWWa     UMMmuI 


5  ■■'^«^,%6*4^ 


i^i^mtH'  -v./,>i, , 


V  .>'t.jit.i»,v. 


*  ^ 


-^'J'lf 


/ 


:<,:f& 


;-Sia^*tiiS; 


.',  <v. 


■^  X     -»¥?!- 


f . 


ise^var^,. 


.  i-^t*^ 


t 


lU^m  the  IditMni,  not.  o0t  on*  d 

ihrte  montlii  of  the  witHeri  iijliiii«|pK^»|itf:^-  •iiiiftinci  • 

iliafil  liy  thei  o^h^n.vaAmu^tlxt.m'^^ 
pelted  to  h«  tolllljr  avoided  in  Mi^  eii^tiedlii|'ent>  iii  hkt,  Hie 
WfVji«ave  netni  ire  ie  co»ptiili%  iitthi«  coab^'tM  it  fif  <4dr 
In  the  event  of  eome  eootiiiMMjr  mU|r'lia»  that  ^hUli  bippeMd 
in.  the  caie  W  CiOitilB' Wtfe'i  eeiwt,  that  inch  an  aeclditot 
ouglif  to  o^nr.. 

AMlidtt|ii^u[e  ,w,inur  wai  jcoi|imenGil4  ivHh  fnU  ewldenc^  in  Ihe 
abttn<^niiee.ina  tti^w^  of  oar  reeo«rc«l,.w  eouU  nofr  be  niilf^  in* 
djierent  t6 ,  the  mmy  .oMi^plM  on  re^rd  df  ae  fataRtjl^  Aiat  had 
att^nd^  i^eet'of  Ihoit  jidventurert,  whn.4Athift %  n^ddeat  or  in 
H^  of  commereiU  p^t,  had  Wt^teved  M  Ihdu  «ttinici.  Widi 
t^|e,:aii^tt  befure  ue.  It  nwutd  have>»en^t66  "l^iilht^JiO^veraMi- 

*     *        •  "  *        *         to  have  eapejctiNt  it,t(m  e^KUptiOn 

M  *foee  dtelillr.lhe  ^Ijater^liiMNHiirable 
imceaiing  vlgtliiice  to  watch  and  op- 
poee. 

4(^on|^  thecaiiut  w^ifih  liaye  been  coiieidered  ntdtt  etitiv^  in 
genf rating  thlji  defimctivie'^Htaie,  ere  to  be  notieed  thlct.  following,  ■ 
vIzh  ji  dji^^'djA^^icnt  in  qniurfti^  or'quality  ;  a  told,,daili|i;;UMl  im* 
puro  air  I  uncfieiiilineM,  hfblie  ,of  idleneie ;  'n»en<il  dlidiifetttde ; 

aA|in4^#J|;|i^v^r>»0^  ThkiOb- 

eenee oFa '{iife  quinflty ofaipiiecent Vegiflkble  ibbd )k  alwayathe - 

In  thi  sdi^ecarvy/the^ialiei^'pi^ivmdne  ivied  b)ii  the  seamen  havt 
been  held  %  tnany  to  be  $Vii%i^  conetant.cipKe^^  to. 

mvii^^mm  »  #i£»rding iiy 


animtd  fib^/d^«trncfi:ri^  orlte  ni 


tfrtie#.r' 


pteeent 


!►. 


unfreddtncy  ontie  ffifeaie joi  Hie  Jf a|ei$V  i^rVtee  nunr  indoce  ii' 


dpubr  whtdi^^  the  ratlbbe  of  ^^  eenttken,  modified' ae^titiey  are  at 
at  this  time,  are.  capable  Of  producing:  H^h  ¥^pf|dispOi|idoiii,  with* 
odi  the  c^peration  of  ^ome  Ottaiir^m^tf ul  r^mb^  cause.  ;* 

fn  threqdipment '  of  the  %:i^^iSm;''-liiomi^^'t^^ 
that  appeared  condtkclve  to  tile  hvt)%vei|)en|  of  the  annscorbodlf^ 
qnalitles  of  the  provisions  #a%adiQ«fet^'fli^  qnanti^ldrtho 

meats  preserved  by  Messrl  Donlln  M^^*:withDiicsaltiae  ^iiHt 


■•  i-k  i 


of  th^r  yegeiable  sind^concent^ted  sottps»  was  tinbarkMdf  ^and 

discretion  of  Captain  Pany^  who;  tar  W 
of  them  in  lieu  of  pl%brti<^nal  quantities  of  saSbedft^ 


j^ced  at  the 

of  them  in  lie         ^    w 

! Proved  jthe  diet  of  the  men.    Atiother  deviitibn 
owance  was  the  employment  of'  good  floor  |iSS|e«f§F%!lctiit,  bf 
Whieh  the  crews  were  fiurnbhed  with|»  daily  sopply  of  wtthhr* 


^ho  8id)stiM93on 

mm- 


1^ 


.."H 


■■■fi^ 


•B  tec)<liiit 


WaW  in 


sftplgrr 


'iL^^ 


ortk* 

%•  *•  pw*ri»  or  «ii 

jktlMiMM> 


MB  <M«  IMB  to  aiMh  ,mS 
•f^  vw.^  lit 

rw!ii:«liwiwti|K' 


S^^i^- 


"^^^^ 


-if 


\  i 


t 


^      1 


'V>tw.»-n'  •>   jJti^iTikt       'l.iV    K'    -^'H 


Mi 


■.'W.\'i.*'' '/'■■>*'.■ 


m&d&^i^'^^^»iii^^-^^yMmiiimr'i><' 


¥i 


'J 


ip 


^  j^ljii^^!!^  ci^^  wftbittnd,  the  teiu^tilfi^^  Ai|  ,ihe 

itu^j0(fpi^^  evUpi  cdiiw^tote  ajHurt  «f 

tt||(p|fii^#3^t)»m  otv^xiomyf^  disclpUnfit  practived^^bf  C«^t^ 
Fsirf}i  d^li^g  tbe  voyagi^  it  ifriiof  |ieceM«ry'for  M«  to  difteil  tt^te; 
^  l)p«ft  fOii^Dneat«ry  on  tk«;  tuljetBt  is  th«  comparatite,  ffce4Qm 
|^ocpift|M#^.ti»at{}reiriaied';th^^  •  ■:/■•■,  ■,  „  .tl 

|i«|ii;  feu^  bad  ela^d  when  the^fint . tyinptoitis ^ 

9i^0li^^ohi$^fi^i^iihA$^^i^  early  in  the  niDinth  ftf  Innufuyt 
fani^'of  ll^fcvcrist  in  ftbelyenr.]  /I^he  patient  va»  Conner  o£i;i«e 
|le6li,:<%lfl^  inan  ofaieiipeigle  ,1iikbit%  but  w,itb^a  oojittitntion 
Miiif  whit  liKirn  bifr  «er^i«le  ibvira^  dimit^t.    Thie  morbid  ;pf*» 

' '  pi«l  liraa  Increase^.by.^'i^ttii^^  conike^ted  with  thei,V>- 
t^;^it  (.eabin^  ^icb  %».  siting  in  the  ^<9tilMy  ^f  a  k^ 
jl^payiiJIiieK^enMttoatediai^ 
te^isture,'  but  qu^te  adequate  to  keeplt  i|i' »|niip%9mlQi$ka 
E^pMM;^<|iai^ng  tbe^day  the  atr:  wa».chargediwi4tiii!ap^uiir>;irn^ 
I0l^l(^.  Iftilw^^l^  evei^  adjacent  ftubsrance*'  On  eanii|uiiii|g  1^ 
jtH»l,1i|if|ide  )Wa«  found  ito  be  literally  drenched  in  wa^i>  and  the 
j^^lR^en  tb  tbes  bedvpbu^.  Under  such  ciCGumitaaces  it  was 
nSiif  aitoniabing  that  scorbutie  symptoms  shimaid  haveii^peaMd. 
I^i^ir  chai^aeter,  nevertheless^  was  rehiarkably.mild.  The  removal 
of  the  parent  from. his  damp  eabin,  into  a  hammodi  in >d(y  part 
of  the^v^sely  the  subttUtotion^  of  fresh  meat  and  vegeti^ble;  soito, 
JMBtot^d  of  th^  aalted.peirtionof  his  diet,  and  a  sm^l  additional  d- 
lowimce  dfleroonrjaice  suflSced  to  subdue  t^ery  sytaptom  in  three 
spii^fcs  after^  ilhe.attack^  and  he  braved  the  rest  of  the,  voyageoo 
Jherdiet  of  d>e  9b;ps'  company  without  any  recu.rence  of  the  coitt- 
plaint..  .,..^       '■       .:-'.;.! 

£arly  in  March  two  more  4»Mes. appeared  almost ,stiftkulla9ef^tt8- 
ly,  onjp  corresponding  clostly  to  the  foregoing  in  ttaiorigin  and  re- 
4|dji;;tbe  other  diiferlpg,  inasioauch  as  the  suti^ect  was  a  man  who 
•iad|>i9C.t|pied,one  of  the  moat  con^rtabl&beds/in  the  ship;  hut.  he 
had  b^n.ttoore  tban  once,  while  in  the  fer^ce  of  the. East  India 
Compiwy^  .a  aufferer:  from  scurvy ;  his  predf^ositton  was  also  in- 
cii^sed  by  a  pernicious  habit  of  eating  pork  slush*  ^^  This  sub- 
stance Is  the  more  oily  part  of  the  fat,  which  has  so  greatr«ii  af- 
Boity  kit  the  salt,  that  during  the  boiling  they  are.  diseha^d  to- 
,ff^er,  leaving  die  meat  In  a  relative  state  of  fre{ihi|(M)Sk.    The  use 
'Mmh  briny  tat  is  strictly  prohibited ;  but  this  isian^is  detected 
,|^#<  Cfew  in  the  act  of  purloining  :^nd  eating  it,  an<l  thiey,  with  a 
4.Wi»9e*Fofthy,zeal  for  the  welfare  ot  the  Expedition,  reported.his 
<!eMw«?|cy.       .  i 

..  ,A  iPttiKh  case  shuud  itself  in  April  {the  p^lent  was  the  Grcen- 
Jm4  JP9N|II^.  employed  as  a  pilot.  He  had  ocdifued  a  part  b^^  the 
.pinner's  cabia,  and  haid^  consequently;,  been  ei|i^sed  to  theinore 
'P^  operatiim  of  the  same  morbific^gents.  The  remedies  used 
,jil.|^|irst  fsgrn^t^^f*  equally  auccesilli  in  the  others }  bttb^^^*'^^^' 


%-h 


it  «i*f 


V.-.  ;4|fiy^-i^%  yjy^ 


"^^mMW. 


.rswTff^T 


'IfB 


into  of  tife  bh„'S*J™2JtoMt  tf^^ 


.''  J-' I 


■^-  ji^J^s^&fs'^ 


^'^^ifW^^^^rWrvT' 


^  fOOA.niJ^ 


irfAwrf^  A^"""*  •«'>»»!«  •b«««Sm2?^???«">''">»«»» 


..■':Pkk4.  ..Jw^i^ 


fbe  coMcidiMaeM  of  tHto  had  tvidentty  bMn  loiig  itreyiflg  «pttft 
llit  Mind. 

The  abOTO  eaiet  comprahtttded  aU  in  which  leovbutie  sfnptCMW 
wvNi  maaih>Kt(fi»^Mher  off  iha^erevvamnecd  the  slightest  ditpoii* 
ik»  thdreioi  although  in  Che  wrif  pit  of  April,  in  conaeqaeneo 
e^  die  aerioiii  feaa  m  lenoD<4WKe  by  die  buntnig  of  the  botuea  bf^ 
die  ^o$tii  Mtj^hgrnd^mm  ■mtmt'f-^fj^t^. '  .*•  '.1»il9«h 
tiOB of  iC'0ii»4hirif  id  h^^pm^.tii  fmt  to  discoiidnae  it 
enthtAy.  At  thiifwiod  ^  ioml(Shm§x  IXigtpuu^  Imuu)  begaft 
to  vegetattraM  the«MlHPef«4M^0Mttd^gBtherdi^«'pievm 
qiiaii«ty>  <Mli^iii*'^irt»te  «£f WK  inenMod  dtaoai!  to  esi|bcr<» 

la  ?M^  tf|)f  joTt  i^^iases  of  Ji^iiIniomG  inflaainMtioa  eBljbrad^ 
the  iidei^^iMMi^i^  ta^  «afieiig  the  (iiMie^  eon* 

pioycNi  in  iM^niiiig  i^aw^  Anioi|g<the  tpertsmen^  and  also  adioiig 
th$  {iii«y>  iHiiiiy  tl^dlpd^^^i^^  fishmd  infuiie,  a  li^«iue»  oe- 
cnmi  of  that  SjpecnaaM^opltthaihaia  catted  snow-blindness,  pro- 
dnct4^hyrtfaf  lalttihei-alidi  of  dw  ijolar  rays  from  the^itirfa^e  of 

the  show.    Thi  ilillaiiifl^tion  H  s^^v^**^ 
ii^  maa^rlioiara^et^  distressing,    ftdrigerent  ap|^ii»iiQiii',  and 
ilii  severe  estiesallenialed with  warm  ibmeirtations^  g«»iendfy  dbyedv 
the  iinfadon  in  twemy  ot  thir^  -hours,  and  in  three  or  four  cu^ 
diejpai^ent'fi^'' fi^-for service.'     - -.--r  ■  ■■ .-».  .  c-^t < ;  %^  „ -  '^ ^vip ■  ^  - 

The  Ibregoillg  i«tiiarfcs  apply  moi«pMticiiitfly^|^' till  1^^ 
hii^  ^>hmlidiiBiieel|itt   -  In  the  Griper  the  seoltali6>^^ 
tisiie  Of  «  naore  agj|ra«ated  character,  obviiBiiMii^i^eiiiUli^;|&«m 
objects  attackc^'&ing  men  of  morie  debilimted  cOastitutions;   Ttie' 
zehiQte  «e»Mes  .depending  on  the  condido&of  the  atmos(^re|^p|a^ 
aiisost  inote>pe4irei€ul  in  this- vessdli^than  in  the  Heda:  Ibr^  in  cM^ 
8e4||tfna^#  the  contracted  space  in.  which  they  lived,  tibe  mrHaa^ 
clf«i|^viildiin<^ture  which  was  deposited  so  plentifully  upon  dte^ 
wldlt  afd' be#plac«sr  that  every  effort  ^preserve  dryness  ifa» 
fruitteailb    In  dits  exttemity  it  at  length  became  necessary  to  put 
all  lhirN(|p#te^%ii9l^  the^  bnllfhiida 

alg^dipMii^^ei^^  open  the  whol4  de<^  to  the  in- 

tflittce^liii  the  #res»  This  measure  proved  effectual  in  removing 
^  nuisaviee,  and  wfth  it  the  disposition  to  tdieease.         . 


f 


m 


A,' 


'T^^T*    «   ^^  PV 


Mk^Ai^ki 


...y^^g^^ 


..p,. 


"""  ' "'''fii;[,  rut  iiiririDii  "-i    '.j,. 


,  'J  i\ 

k.  : 


•  '  >  ^4^ilHiiTM|^i|^||(tfjn'?" 


j**j  K  f  •„ 


i  r 


1^ 


!?. 


St-  (!    ' 


y}.f-.J 


3     T 


4a-i, 


^■■■4l& tM 


';^»fi-(4"* 


•     •■■•''"♦<t   ".  t;   .    ,^''    ' 


TTvT     .-Mi 


r..£v.y.. 


3    8i 


■  .'J  r?:.<-.,. 


^*f 


Pl^  ?f -SvA  ir<tfe;  on  FuUgn^  Chmgt^  JOp^a  of  the  M(^. 


- 

'  ■   1  0." 

1  '45  -'?» 

' 

.-  ;«4^ 

m 

1 

4  40/ 

MylOth    *    i        -        -        - 
Ififfe  biHigh  Watto^n  Fiittiiid  OMge  fi|«i^#^  ^ 


» 


^fl. 


^^ 


TttB 


""'f^XF'-V'W'W 


.  ii 


»-    :h'.-  ■'*-'i\- 


NORTH  GE0&6IA  GAZETTE, 


'  \ 


AMD 


m 


yrBsnwLt^  ; 


mtmmwri^Mmi^^^  a. 


V.     If. 


/..%•  n 


1* ,  \ 


■i-'^Af 


i<JT 


i'<^'(''''rw8!(^f*'jK"*-'»'i-  ■  +'■ 


T^vr-j-rw-qr-'TiTr^l^M 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  Editor  of  die  following  Sheets  feels  it  incumbent  on 
him  to  state,  that  at  the  time  diey  were  composed,  not  the  re- 
rootest  idea  was  entertained  of  their  fulfilling  any  other  purpose 
than  that  of  relieving  the  tedium  of  an  Arctic  Winter;  and 
perhaps  of  afterwards  affording  amusement  to  a  few  private 
friends  at  home.  On  the  return  of  the  Expedition,  the  inter- 
est which  the  Public  took  in  all  that  had  passed  during  the 
voyi^,  induced  applications  for  the  perusal  of  the  manuscript, 
which  could  only  be  gratified  by  its  publication.  In  consent- 
ing to  this  measure,  the  contributors  to  the  North  Georgia 
Gazette  are  fully  aware,  that  its  principal  recommendation  to 
the  public  notice  will  be  considered  to  arise  from  the  peculi- 
arities of  circumstances  and  of  situation  under  which  it  was 
composed ;  and  they  trust  that  they  may  be  allowed  to  claim 
from  the  general  reader  the  same  indulgence^  which  they 
would  have  received,  had  the  perusal  of  the  Chronicle  been 
confined  to  the  partial  circle  to  which  they  originally  intended 
it  should  have  been  limited :  with  this  impression,  no  altera- 
tion haa  been  attempted  in  the  respective  papers,  in  preparing 
them  for  the  press. 

Edward  Sabine. 

London,  April  20th,  1821. 


4- 


aP^   ■ 


'iSf^S^KtttB^^' 


1'  ^       ,ns 


m 


m 


ail 


\^ 


■il&fS! 


■rn  mil  '57-:'  ■    . 


i*-;?- 


It  lias  been  suggested  that  the  estabtii^hiite  of 'a  Weekly 
Newspaper  may  assist  m  enlivening  the  tedious  and  inactWe 
mondis  of  winter.  It  is  in  contemplation,  therefore,  to  tiy  thai 
experiment,  l^  circulating  the  first  Number  of  the  "  Win te % 
Chronicle^'  amongst  the  Officers  of  the  Expedition,  cfi 
Monday,  the  1st  of  November. 

As  the  design  of  this  Paper  is  solely  to  promote  good-hu- 
mour and  amusement,  Captm  Sabine,  who  has  undertaken  to 
be  the  Editor,  will  consider  himself  responsible,  that  no  article 
idifitsoever  shall  be  admitted  which,  to  his  knowledge,  will 
give  a  moment's  uneasiness  to  any  individual.  He  reserves 
to  himself,  therefore,  a  discretionary  power  of  omitting  any 
contributions  which  may  appear  to  him  objectionable,  either 
on  that  or  any  other  account ;  and,  of  either  briefly  assigning 
his  reasons,  or  o^erwise,  as  he  may  think  proper. 

He  begs  it,  however,  to  be  distinctly  understood,  that  he 
will  be  wholly  dependent  on  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Expedition 
for  the  support  of  the  Paper ;  and,  he  suggests  to  those  who 
are  well-wishers  to  the  undertaking,  that  their  assbtance  ai4 
exertions  will  be  especially  require     t  its  commencemnit. 


W  '-f-  i. 


Yi 


rmoposAu. 


Original  contributions  on  any  subject  will  be  acceptable. 
The  Sportsman  and  the  Essayist,  the  Philosopher  and  the 
Wit,  the  Poet  and  the  Plain  Matter-of-Fact  Man,  will  each  find 
their  respective  places.  It  is  recommended  that  an  anonymous 
signature  be  affixed  to  each  communication,  and  the  hand- 
writing effectually  dbguised,  to  ensure  the  most  rigid  impar- 
tiality in  judging  9nd  selecting  the  articles  for  insertion.  A 
box  will  be  placed  on  the  Capstan  of  the  Hecla  to  receive 
th^,  the  l^ey  of  wjbich  will  be  kept  l^  the  Editor ;  and  it  is 
requested  that  communications,  designecl  to  appear  in  the  first 
Number,  may  be  deposited  in  the  box  by  the  Thursday  even- 
ing preceding  the  publication. 

Winter  Harbour, 
October  20th,  1819. 


.  / 


1^- 


■■■*'^. 


CONTENTS. 


No.  I.  VOVBIIllBB  1,  in». 

AMmibjtlMEdilor      .                                   .       *f*  v'    .       .       .       .  ll 

OalhaMtiMUHMMtartlMWiirtwaHaiMe.    B{fFyia-Comni                      .  it 

OBtfMeflb«tiorMANttoWbMr.   BfWtvUtm  1< 

AndeMiMriM.    B]rOMConi«l 1* 

LiDwaatbewaimMHtaMatortbaWiMtrChroiriaiB.   BjAlbwt.       ...  14 

LbMbjQ. ...*.....  IS 

AMMOiiMflMBt  of  tlMOpenbgoTdM  North  GMcgift  llMttet  ,•*-                   .  14 

NotiMtoCarNq^QadtBU •      •'  i* 

No.  n.  Nofonbtr  I.  ' 

Nolo  by  the  EiUtor 1' 

LitlcroraPlohlirMtr«r-nwtMni             >S 

ThootfflMdRoport IS 

AddNHSpokm  at  the  Opening  of  the  North  Gco(|iaThMtre                      .       .  IS 

Edgoui,  bf  Albert  •  .if 

ToCorreepondente .       .  i7 

No.  lU.  Novoinbcr  15. 

Letter  from  PhBoaopUeot tS 

SpoMh  of  OoaMenorPaulewell,te<lleCMiM  Editor  «.Noa-CoBtrabatore    .  II 

Theetfiial  Beport H^ 

lioeobjrQ.      .       .       %                     .       .       .       • M 

IjoComipoiideeto Si 

No.IV.  NoTonberSS. 

BuurksontfieNoitiiGeor^Theatrieeb.    ByPeterTriel                       .       .  SI 

AMver  to  Albums  Bidgmn SS 

Theetvkal  AnnouneeoMnt •  ,M 

8oofi,  written b>  Mr.  WakehuByfiirlhe Theatre    .       .  SS,S8 

No.  V.  November  99. 
Letter  from  Peter  Fane  •       •      •      •      .  .     S4 

Iaw  Report    Catue«/tA*Bdttor«.NoB<<:!Ontrtbatora                              .       .  iM 
iPheitriMlBeport   ByTrtm                                                                      .IS 

l^regnenti.    By  Riebud  Roam-aboat                     .       .       <       •  SS 

l^iMtrieal  N<^ee     ....       ......      •  |:  y      .  «• 


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Ka  YD.  Pnertir  K. 


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ThMtrlul  Btport  aid 


Litttr  from  Sir  Pllifiil  Pttoiter,  Bait.      . 
liaGf««iJtooai,orftP«iplwldtti«hfeCaitila.   ByPiiv^ligToltt'   « 


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H0.IX.  DeoetaberCf; 
Lfttv  iivni  FniiMuifopis 
TlNitriMl  Report  tad  AanoaMement 
Letter  from  SalpQiiil'DriTe    ........ 

AowniomMitt        ....       ...•■. 

tir        BdhotiOMOBtha  MoniagQrClirWnHBi'Oitf' 

NdkZ^  Jwnmrfa,  IHQu 
BeSoedbBi  an  the  oomineiwiBmoiit  oT  *  Now  Tear,  bj  Amkot 
liovghta  OB  New  Tear^  Day 

No.  XI.  Jannarjr  10, 

Striefams  on  the  Theatrieal  Blaaatemevt,  by  aLookcr.oa 

Opi  the  ettabliihment  of  a  new  Weekly  Ptper.    By  fkuej  Harmlem 

lieteoeolo|ieal  Qneatien 

iPheatrieal  Report,  and  Anaoniwemeot    ..... 

liitler  flC  N.  C. 

AdNi«MiMawnt<--Pn«peetiuor  an  Oppodtion  JonnMl 


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Reply  loN.C.  by  JoevphaaNot>PaMir        ,.       .       ...       .       .  ;^ 

Rbmaxka  en  the  Letter  of  N.  C.   By  Joha  Slender>brain  apd  Smell  Rat  Smoh^Mi       41 
Oltomy         .  ,  ,41 

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No.  3^X.  Mtrah  6. 


OomptaiBt  of  NtihiB  Loo|>Bov 

Letter  from  Bnily 

Letter  from  PeoiriDg  Tom  (he  Pint 
Reply  to  Peeping  Tool.    ByTom  Peepedntt 
HyperboreeB  Sopori&ae.    By  Phito^onnw 
Notice  to  CocreepondeBti 


No.  XX.  llareh  19. 

Tliird  Letter  of  Z  .       ....... 

Apology  (0  Peeping  Tom  tlie  Pint,  by  Pee^DS  Tom  the  Seeood 
CkmtathetweeD  Sir  Partiei  Thaw  and  General  Froit   ByN. 
FkopoiNl  to  deipatch  a  Balhxa.    By  HOaiy  BOgb-Plyer 
Lines  on  the  Motto  OB  tlwHeela'sbianade      .... 

8oogi&om'*Th6Nacth-¥^eitPMmge,hyMr.  Wakeham   . 


Page 
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71 
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71 
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7i,73 


No.  XXL  Mareh  90.  . 
Ftevwel  to  die  Wbiitlen,-Bangen,  Hummers  Blowers,  tee.  ByZ 
Befleetions  on  the  Cooohuion  of  the  Winter  Chroniele.  By  Philo^omcs 
VfUbiet.   ByT.  .      -       .       •  •      •      • 

Thaatrieal  Beport 

Stannsfbr  the  iait  Number  of  the  Winter  Chroniele.  By  A. 
Farewd  Addnm  on  the  Claae  of  tba  Theatre.   By.Mr.  Wakeham 
Fiaal  Note  by  th«  Editor       .       .  ....  . 


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THE  NORTH  GEORGIA  GAZETfE; 


AND 


WINTER  CHRONICLE. 


No.  I.-.MONDAT*  NOVBIIBER  i,  1819. 


WE  feel  great  plearare  in  being  enabled 
to  eonimenee  oar  Editorial  OfBee,  bjr  ao* 
knowltdgnwnti  of  the  lively  intereit  wttli 
vhieh  the  propoiala  for  the  caUbHthmept  of 
o«r  Paper  have  bc«n  lo  ceneralW  reeeivei}  \ 
of  the  auppoTt  with  whwh  the  demand  for 
the  early  ckertioni  of  oar  vreki -wither*  haa 
been  met ;  and  of  the  cneoaragement  which 
we  derive  from  th0  oomnwuiioatiom  with 
which  we  have  been  alreadv  favoured.  The 
propoial*  having  announeeaa  firtt  Namber 
u  an  experiment,  we  ahoald  feel  ooraelvea 
wanting  in  the  confidence  which  the  number 
and  reapectabiliqr  of  oar  eorretpondentt  lo 
juitly  intpwe,  were  we  to  heiitate  in  de- 
elaring  ouc.eonvietkHi,  that  the  experiment 
haa  succeeded  i  and  in  vcntnring,  in  the 
name  of  its  supporters,  to  promise  the  eonr 
tinnation  of  the  JVorA  Oeorgia  Oaxette  and 
Winter  Chronicle. 

Having  premised  thus  much,  we  proceed 
to  lay  befive  our.reaiders  the  content*  of  the 
Editorlbox. 

•   TO  TSS 

EDITOR  or  TBB  WINTER  CHRONICLE. 

Mr.  EoiTOB^It  was  with  real  |>leasare  I 
saw  in  eircalation  among  oa,  your  pittpoaals 
for  a  Weekly  Newspaper,  to, be  supported 
by  original  eontribatiohB  from'  the  Gentle* 
men  of  the  Expedition.  lam  confident  that' 
such  a  paper  will,  under  your  oaosorship,  be 
productive  of  Rueh  amuaement,  and  serve 
to  relieve  the  tadiitm  of  our  hundred  days 
of  darkness* ;  and,  in  this  view,  we  eannot 
but  consider  you  entitled  to  our  best  thanks . 
for  having  undertaken  sd  troubleaome  an  of- 
fice for  tlie  public  good.  » 

llaviog  befoee  knciwo  mora  than  one  Ar«M 
of  thu  kind  established  on  boiied  «hipa,  I 
m«y  uke  the  liber^  of  waraing  you  not  to 


be  ditcoaraged  by  the  siender  oontribution* 
which  the  first  or  second  wc«k  may  he  «■>• 
pected  to  ponr  into  your  box.  Trae  wit 
may ; (foraqghtyoa  or  I  ktio w,  Mr.  Editor^) 
be  as  nodeCt  as  trae  worth  •  of  any  odier 
kind,  alMl  ircniostnot  mistake  that  tor  in- 
capacity which  may  proceed  oDly^frma  <lif«< 
fidence.  •      ■■:<•<■)■,•,, . 

Tbe  interest  which  I  take  in  your  proaMt 
|dan  has,  however,  enabled  me  to  do  tanft 
than  speculate  apoti  the  probaUe  snpporC 
which  your  pulilication  will  receive  at  oiir 
hands;  fbr  yon  mast  know,  that,  soon  after 
I  met  with  your  proposals,  I  iock.  sodi.t# 
liking  to  them,  |hat  i  iromeiliateiy  aet;t«t 
work  to  find  out  wbatefi^t  they  would  hat*: 
upon  our  communitv  at  large;  and  I  hav« 
now  roach  pleasure  in  assuring  you,  in  th*. 
language  or  our  London  journala,  "  that 
they  hav«9  prodoced  a  great  senutioBi  in  the 
pnblie  mind.** 

The  very  day  after  your  Prospectna  ap- 
peared, as  my  reporters  htform  me,  tharoi 
was  a  greater  demand  for  ink  than  has  b«eb' 
known  doringthe  whole  voyage;  the  grMn 
baize  of  our  mela  tables  has  been  ever  ainOe 
covored.with  innumerable  pen>parings,  to 
the  great  detriment,  by*the-lvf,  of  one  of 
our  servants,  whose  finger  has  been  terribly 
f^stered^by  a  prick  he  received  in  sweeping 
them  olF;  and  1  have  it  from  authority  on 
which  you  may  rely,  that  Serjeant  Martinf 
hns,  within  the  last  week,  shai*pened  no  lei% 
than  nine  penknives.  .      i 

It  has  been  remarked  that  our  table*  ab- 
solutely groan  under  the  weight  of  writing 
desks,  which  for  months  |Nut  have  not  keen 
"the  Ucased  licht;"  and  it  is  well  knowft 
that  the  holds  nave  been  mwe  than  oneo' 
opened  of  late,  fbr  the  exprea%  though  noi 
piiifessed,  purpose  of  getting  up/reth  pack- 
ages of  paper,  or%inialy  intended  bg  next 


*  The  sun  was  ninety-six  days  below  the  horizon. 

t  Theseijeant  of  the  Royal  Artillery  who  accompanied  Captain  Sabine 


'  (.' 


B 


"■"mumtm^*:- 


1^ 


ii 


'V 


f  1 


year's  oonnimption,  but  which  ii  now.  des- 
tiued  to  grace  your  file. 

"One  gentieinan,"  myi  my  coireipon- 
ilent,  "  more  sly  than  the  rest,  tbouglit  he 
bid  eluded  oar  TigUanee;  hi*  cheat  lay  in 
the  hatchway  to  be  opened,  he  uxk  the  op- 
portunity, while  he  thought  nobody  was 
loolting,  to  wrap  some  old  clothes  round  the 
square  package  of  paper,  before  he  lifted  it 
out.  But  as  ne  was  walking  off  with  them 
into  his  cabin,  I  saw  one  of  the  comers  of 
the  tin  box  shining  bright  through  an  unfor- 
tunate hole  in  an  old  flannel  waistcoat. 
When  I  taxed  him  with  it,  he  coloured 
deepty,  (strong  qrmptoms,  Mr.  Editor!) 
fend  ran  off,  declaring  most  vehemently,  that 
it  was  only  a  canister  of  gingerbread  nuts ! 
'Nuts,  indeed,  they  were,'  adds  my  face- 
tious friend,  '  nuts  for  the  editor !'  " 

Nor  i>  the  information,  of  which  I  am  in 

gosseuion,  confined  simply  to  this{  for  I 
ave  pried  more  deeply  into  the  business, 
and  have  before  me  secret  intelligence  of  no 
less  than  seven  litfmry  contributions  in  em- 
bryo, with  which  the  brains  of  as  many 
yeaithful  compositors  have  been  teeming  ever 
since  }-our  Prospectus  «ppeared.  I  could 
tell  you,  if  I  chose,  to  which  department, 
among  those  you  have  enumerated,  each  of 
these  oelongs;  but  as  I  have  no  doubt  that 
they  will  all  appear  in  your  pagtis  in  their 
proper  time  and  place,  I  shall  say  no  more 
at  present  about  them. 

For  my  own  part,  Mr.  Editor,  such  is  tlie 
opinion  lentertain  of  your  plan,  that  I  have 
nsolved,  unless  you  hy  upon  me  an  abso* 
lute  prdiibition,  to  make  a  oO^  of  each  pa- 
per while  it  is  in  circulation.  For,  I  con- 
fess, that  I  anticipate  from  ynur  pages  a  fund 
(tf  rational  amusement,  not  only  for  the 
enfnings  of  this  our  arctic  winter,  but  tor 
th(>se  of  many  a  future  one,  which  we  all 
hope  to  spend  happily  in  Old  England ;  and 
I  cannot  nelp  looking  forward  to  the  time 
when  a  paragraph  of  the  Winter  Chronicle, 
read  aloud  round  some  oheerfal  fire-side, 
may  draw  a  tear  of  pride  and  pleasure  from 
the  eye  of  an  aged  parent,  an  affectionate 
wife,  or  a  beloved  sister. 

I  remain,  Mr.  Editor, 

Your  friend  and  well-wisher, 
Pbuo  Comds. 

P.  8.  I  forgot  to  mention  to  yon,  that  I 
have  some  reason  to  suspect  an  attempt  will 
occasionally  be  made  to  slide  into  your  box 
communications  which  are  not  quite  origi- 
nal, and  therefore  not  qsite  corresponding 
with  your  plan;  for  a  gentleman  was  seen  at 
hia  desk  late  the  other  night,  with  a  volume 
of  the  Spectator  before  him,  while  he  was 
thawingnis  ink  over  a  lamp.  With  all  due 
deference  to  your  extensive  reading,  I  think 
it  right  to  put  you  on  your  guai^  against 
such  uttempts ;  for  I  have  no  idea,  Mr.  Edi- 
tor, of  being^'obliged  to  read  in  the  fVinter 


Chronicle  what  our  great  grandfathers  con- 
ned over  at  their  breakfast  tables  more  than 
a  centui7  ago. 

For  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

The  travels  of  the  renowned  Baron  Mun- 
chausen, which  I  recollect  reading  when  a 
boy,  furnish  strong  proofs  of  ilie  very  sin- 
gular effects  resulting  from  extreme  cold  ; 
and  as  it  seems  probable  we  may  have  to  en- 
counter a  greater  severity  of  weather  than 
even  that  illustrious  personage  experienced, 
I  think  any  idea  conducive  to  the  general 
or  individual  good  of  our  companions,  should 
not  be  hoarded  in  selfish  concealment,  but 
liberally  given  to  this  little  world. 

After  the  frost  shall  have  exhausted  all  its 
usual  effects  of  fixing  the  brandy  bottle  to 
tlie  tips,  freezing  the  water  in  the  tea*kettle 
on  the  fire,  congealing  sounds,  converting 
sighs  into  showers  of  snow,  and  briny  tears 
into  icicles,  is  it  not  probable  that  it  may 
reduce  the  temperature  of  the  human  body 
so  low,  as  to  interfere  with  the  internal  eco- 
nomy, compelling  the  blood  to  roll  through 
the  veins  and  arterieii  in  the  form  of  peas, 
dropping  one  by  one  into  the  proper  cavities 
of  the  heart,  and  being  again  discharged 
from  thence  like  small  shot  ?  Now,  Irhen 
matters  shall  have  arrived  at  such  a  pitch  as 
tbiSj  there  is  something  in  the  hearty  sto- 
mach, or  bowelk,  (I  think  the  former,)  of 
many  young  men  called  /otw,  which  though 
very  hut  in  its  nature,  must  at  length  ac- 
knowledge the  frlgorifie  influence.  What 
then  will  be  the  result  f  We  know  that, 
even  in  the  comparatively  warm  climate  of 
Russia,  some  sorts  of  liquor  are  frozen  to 
snch  a  degree,  that  the  whole  strength  is 
concentrated,  perhaps,  into  one  fiveFhan- 
dredth  part  of  its  orfginal  apaee.  Now, 
should  this  be  the  case  with  love,  fierce  and 
burning  in  its  present  state,  to  what  a  depto- 
rable  situation  must  it  reduce  the  unfortu- 
nate victim  f — if  he  attempts  to  breathe, 
emitting  flames  like  a  fabled  dragon,  while 
the  dissolving  blood  rushes  along  in  copious 
streams,  and  after  each  i^espiration  as  sud- 
denly congeals.  But,  oh  httrrorl  horrwl 
should  he  have  accustomed  himself  to  Uie 
use  of  spirit* — on  tbe  first  kindling  of  the 
fliime,  tip  he  goes  like  a  shell,  a  mine,  a  rock- 
et! Think  of  this  in  time,  gentle  youths, 
whose  sensibility  may  have  betrayed  you  into 
love,  who  «  have  drank  the  soft  poison  of 
a  speaking  eye."  Root  it  from  your  boeoma 
ere  the  catastrophe  arrives  with  persevering 
fortitude  and  resolution,  and  deposit  this  soft 
delusive  something  where  it  may  be  at  band 
for  use  in  a  milder  dime ;  there  only  can  it 
avail: — then,  when  the  moment  arrives  which 
shews  you  the  other  terrific  symptoms  I  havo 
mentioned,  you  will  hail  me  as  your  friend, 
your  guardian,  youir  benefaetor. 

FBOsncrs. 


Id 


IT  Chrmikle. 


Should  mf  oonjMGtnrei  prove  correct, 
'  would  it  not  be  a  natioiMd  benefit  to  make  a 
tumpike-rcmd  from  Hitten't  Bay  to  this 
(livary  region .'  How  many  married  pairt 
might  here  revive  the  almost  extinct  tparkt 
of  rfgard,  and  a*  aoon  aa  iheir  boaoroa  were 
sufficiently  warmed,  aet  off  and  avoid  the 
dangers  of  combustion ! 


For  the  Winter  Chronkle. 

ABcnC  MtSKBIBa. 

Geisc  out  in  a  winter  morning  for  the  par- 
pose  of  taking  a  walk,  and  before  you  have 
proceeded  ten  yarda  from  the  ship,  geUing  a 
cold  bath  in  the  cook's  steep  hole*. 

When  on  a  hunting  excuraioo,  and  being 
close  to  a  fine  deer,  after  aevcral  attem|>Uto 
fire,  discovering  that  your  piece  is  neither 


primed  nor  loaded,  while  the  aaimal**  four 
legs  are  employeu  »  carrying  away  the 
body- 
Setting  out  with  a  piece  of  new  bread  in 
your  powet  on  a  shooting  party,  and  when 
you  feel  inclined  to  eat  it,  having  oeeaskm  to 
observe  that  it  is  sofnoen  that  your  teeth 
will  not  penetrate  it. 

Being  called  from  table  by  intellicenee 
that  a  wolf  is  approaching  ilie  vessels,  which, 
on  closer  inspeclkm,  proves  to  be  a  dogi  on 
going  again  below,  detecting  the  cat  iu  run- 
ning  on  withkyour  dinner. 

Retaining  on  board  your  ship  afler  an 
evening  viut  in  a  contemplative  humour, 
and  being  roused  from  a  pleasing  reverie  by 
the  close  embrace  of  a  bMr. 

Sitting  down  in  antiaipatkm  of  a  comfort- 
able breakfiut,  and  fincnng  that  the  tea,  by 
mistake,  ia  made  of  salt  water. 

Out  Comic  At. 


On  the  Cmnmencement  tf  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

TO  enliven  the  moments,  while  Winter  steals  on 
With  a  too  tardy  pace,  be  the  care  of  each  one; 
Let  raiiGoor  and  malice  be  banish'd  aiar. 
Unworthy  the  pen  or  the  heart  of  a  tar! 
The  fire  of  true  wit  may  shine  vivid  hmI  bright, 
Untinctw^  with  satire— unproinpted  by  spite ; 
We  are  few,  and  immured  in  a  desolate  spot. 
Then  l<A  *nj7>  resentment,  and  pride  be  forgot ; 
And  while  Faie  may  keep  us  so  near  one  anuthtr. 
Let  each  one  oonsUer  bis  friend  as  a  brother; 
We  shaH  still  find  enough  to  enlnrge  on,  no  doubt> 
Tho*  we  have  not  Uie  charms  of  a>ill  or  a  rout 
The  mind  philosophic  may  often  impart 
Some  iostmetion  from  nature,  some  process  of  art; 
Morality  too  may  embellish  the  page. 
And  by  soft  winning  precepts  attention  engage ; 
The  sportsman  with  pleasure  may  lead  us  to  view 
The  toils  and  the  triumphs  he  oft  has  gone  through ; 
And  each  daily  occurrence  roaj  somewhat  afford. 
Not  unworthy  to  offer  at  Dame  Reason^s  board : 
And  thus  each  unfolding  the  gifts  of  his  mind. 
While  diffnsing  his  knowledge,  yet  haply  may  find. 
That  though  wnat  he  gives  ne'er  reduces  his  store. 
He  oft  by  this  interennrse  adds  something  more. 
Then  let  me  solicit  a  part  of  your  leisure 
To  be  weekly  devoted  to  giving  us  pleasoyre ;    , 
And  thus  1  conclude  with  gooilwishes  most  fervent, 
And  beg  to  subscribe,  your  obsequious  servant, 


Amibt. 


For  the  Winter  Chronick. 

TO  chase  the  dull  inactive  hours  away, 
Resolved  nem.  con.,  that  we  shbuld  have  a  play; 
The  plAy  is  fix'd  on— characters  all  cast. 
Parts  learnt,  and  lo !  the  first  rehearsal  past ! 
Glum  cried — "  Twill  do,  but  to  ensure  success, 
"  You'll  ask  some  friend  to  write  you  an  address," 

*  A  hole  in  the  ice  for  steeping  salt  meat,  8cc. 


y- 


"V, 


-'-^ft— L 


14 


m,  1 


ri 


'V 


i?*«}j 


i  1 

It""^ 

if-'  I 

Bff-=^i^''A 

11^  1 

Kl  *  ^ 

'^''    s 

11 

P'^ 

^^t^l 

M^\    ' 

BK  '^ 

^^■:.;-,.                            '^'^ 

ith  the  Miina|;er-^'  adxookt,  yoaVe  right, 

I  dreaa  we're  in  a  pretty  plight ; 

lall  write  it  ?  Marry,  theiv**  the  raVy 


'•  Ell  ?»  quoth 
•«  Without  ai' 

"But  who  shall  

"  We  have  no  contnteree  with  that  atreet  called  Grob." 
Strut  Kem'd  perplex'd— luok'd  thoafihtfal— took  hit  noff, 
••  Egpd,  I  have  it— let  us  send  for  Puff*  ! 
'*  PufTis  our  man— he'll  spin  as  his  heroics, 
"And  luelt  the  audience,  if  they  are  not  stoics." 
••  Yoo  want  a  jPu^,"  cries  Glum—'*  that's  very  true, 
"  But,  Mr.  PuffTl  tell  you,  will  not  do; 
"  He'd  write,  no  doubt,  a  mighty  rn-etty  ttory, 
"  Tell  yoa  of  Rnglaiidls  pride,  of  E  gland's  glory ; 
"  How  that  her  sons  advent'roiis  sallied  forth, 
'  "  And  what's  been  done  in  regions  thus  far  north  & 
'•  But  this,  I  take  it,  is  too  fine  by  half, 

'<  We  want,  my  friends,  something  to  make  us  laug^;  ^ 

"  Something  to  help  a  lame  dog  o'er  the  stile, 
*<  And  make  our  play  a  tedious  hoar  beguile." 
"  Still  Puff's  our  man,"  cried  Strut,  ••  I  haTe  no  doubt 
<*  He'll  do  the  thing,  and  bring  all  this  about  i 
**  Por  tho'  he  dabbles  high  in  epic  lore, 
"  He  can  descend  and  make  the  boxes  roar ;— • 
"  Aye,  Pit  and  Gallery  too— for  he  is  a  poet 
'*0t  more  than  coi^moh  stamp,  and  you  shall  know  it." 
Thus,  Mr  Editor,  the  aCfair  was  settled. 
Strut  was  well  pleased,  and  Glum  anpear'd  half  nettled ; 
While  we  look  forward  to  the  eventful  night. 
To  prove  Glum  wrong— the  manager  quite  right. 

Theatre  Royal,  North  Georgia. 

The  Publie  are  respectfully  informed,  that  the  Theatre  will  open,  for  the  fint  tiice, 

ON  FRIDAY  NEXT.  NOVEMBERS,  1819, 

When  will  be  performed  Garrick's  celebrated  Farce  of 

MISS  IN  HER  TEENS; 

OB, 

THE  MEDLEY  OF  LOVEBS. 

MEN. 
Sir  Simon  Loveit,    Mr.  Xtas.  Captain  Lavelt,    Mr.  GRimTHS. 


Fribble,     Mr.  Parbt. 
Puff,    Mr.  Waksham. 


Captain  Flash,      Mr.  BcsBirAJr. 
Jasper,    Mr.  Homrut. 

WOMEN. 

Miss  Biddy,    Mr.  Bkkchbt.  Aunt,    Mr.  BiETERtsr.  Tap,    Mr.  Hoopbh. 

SONGS,  by  Messrs.  Skene,  Paimeb,  and  Busuxa^v,  will  be  introduced  between  tbe  Aett 

Previous  to  the  Perfnrnianee, 

AN  APPROPRIATE  ADDRESS, 

Written  expressly  for  the  Oecasion,  will  be  spoken  by  Mr.  Wakehav. 
Door*  vrill  open  at  ffalf-patt  Six,  and  the  Curtain  irill  ritgpreciiely  at  Seven. 


TO 

AtBBST's  Enigma  in  our  nexK 

Akicus's  "  Prologue  to  Miss  in  her  Teent^ 
to  be  spokrn  after  the  opening  Address," 
has  been  received.  The  Editor  lakes  the 
hbertv  nf  suggesting,  that  the  Manager  of 
the  Theatre  is  the  person  to  whom  it 
should  have  been  sent.  It  is  not  yet  too  lat.o 


CORRESPONDENTS. 

to  be  so  sent ;  and  when  spoken,  it  would 
appear  iti  due  course  in  our  Theatrical 
Report. 
Wc  are  requested  to  state,  that  a  humorous 
Epilogue  to  JtSag  in  her  Teena  would  add 
considerably  to  tbe  nhnusements  of  Friday 
evening.  , 


•  The  part  of  PiiJ",  in  Mias  in  her  Teena,  was  to  be  performed  by  Mr.  Wakeham,  wh6 
wrote  the  opening  address. 


••/ 


■^-'—Tm-  d-m^  ■--'  r  ■■ 


15 


NAmemHi  commiMMalMMi,  entitled  '<A 
Probl-rm,"  has  been  reeei?ed.  We  take 
thia  opportanitj  to  ramerk,  that  we  eonal- 
der  that  it  fallt  within  the  plan  of  oar  Pa> 
per,  to  admit  qoeationt  which  may  ezer- 
eiie  the  ingenuitj  of  our  Readera,  and 
fumiah  occupation  in  their  aolution ;  but 
it  ia  neeetaary,  in  order  to  render  lueh 
questions  worthy  the  occasion,  that  thev 
should  possess  a  eertain  degree  of  origi- 


nality, and  reqain  nor*  tlum  a  ven  vrtS' 
nary  knowledge  taresolye  them.  If  our 
friend  Nautieua  will  refer  to  any  of  the 
Elementary  Treatiaea  on  Aritkmetie  or 
Algebra,  he  will  And  nnder  the  Bolea  of 
Poaition,  or  of  Simple  Eonatkma,  muaf 
very  similar  examplea  to  Ms,  propoaed  nr 
tlie  student**  inatmetion,  and  the  mddeof 
thehr  resolutkm  ej(plaia«d. 


No.  IL— MONDAY,  NOVEMBER  8,  1819. 


Ttkg,    Mr.  HooFEB. 
ced  between  the  Acts 


nrhen  spoken,  it  would 
i-se  in  our  Theatrical 

state,  that  a  hnniorous 
t  her  Teent  would  add 
ainus«:ments  of  Friday' 


Mr.  Wakeharo,whd 


StRCK  our  first  Number  haa  been  in  eir- 
eulation,  we  ha«e  reeeired  varioas  commu> 
nieations  of  encouragement,  and  assuranrea 
of  support,  confirming  the  persnaaion  which 
we  Tentured  to  avow  in  our  last  Number, 
that  the  Winter  Chronicle  is  no  longer  an 
experiment.  Aa  in  the  days  of  oneonquered 
Rome,  it  waa  deemed  no  less  than  a  capital 
offence  to  entertain  doubts  of  the  aafety  of 
the  commonwealth ;  so  we  certainly  will  not 
set  the  example  of  bad  oitizenriiip,  by  per- 
mitting  a  suspicion  to  take  possession  of  our 
minds,  that  the  united  talenta  and  exertions 
of  our  little  community  will  prove  inade- 
quate to  support  a  design  which  is  deemed 
conducive  to  the  public  good. 

From  the  above-mentioned  commonica' 
tions  we  have  selected  the  one  which  we  pre- 
sent to  our  readers,  from  a  correspondent 
who  swns  himself  "  A  plain  Matter-of-Fact 
Man,**  beoanse  it  coincides  with  our  own 
aentimenta  on  the  subject.         .>.  i     > 

Mr.  EnrroB — I  hope  you  will  not  think 
me  behind-hand  in  assuring  you  of  the  plea- 
aurel  received  on  reading  your  proposala 
eircniated  amongst  us — a  pleasure  not  less 
sincere  than  that  of  those  who  have  been  be- 
fore me  in  expressing  it.  1  felt  also  the  pro- 
Jtriety  of  your  appeal  to  your  well-wirtiers 
or  (heir  timely  support,  ind  counting  my- 
self in  that  number,  I  was  very  desirous  to 
have  eoroplied  with  your  request ;  but,  Mr. 
Editor,  I  will  freely  eonteu,  that  after  puz- 
zling my  head  a  long  time  to  no  purpose,  I 
was  forced  to  give  the  matter  up,  m  utter 
despair  of  finding  a  subject  upon  which  "A 
plain  Matter-ot-Fact  Man,"  as  I  profess 
myself  to  be,  could  address  you  with  any 
prospect  of  entertainment  to  your  readera. 
Yet,  as  day  passed  after  day,  I  felt  less  and 
less  satisfied  to  rest  without  making  an  at- 
tempt, at  least,  to  contribute  my  portion  to 
the  nnersi  fond. 

The  otgect  of  your  Paper  being  our  amuse- 
ment, 1  consider  it  alike  the  mtercst  and 
business  of  every  individual  who  is  pleased 
with  such  an  estahlishment  amongst  us,  to 
do  something  towards  its  support ;  for  j  if  we 
do  not  fuitiish  ;fOu  with  communications, 
Mr.  Editor,  nothing  is  more  plain  than  that 


you  cannot  fiirnish  iu  with  ptpen :  and,  it 
daring  the  Winter,  »  Monday  shall  aris* 
without  a  Winter  Chnnicb  to  grace  our 
breakfastrtaMes,  we  shall,  indeed,  by  cor 
baekwardaesa  have  deprived  ourselves  (hi 
words  so  jastly  and  feelingly  need  br  yoor 
eorresftondient  Philo-Comus,  and  which  I 
repeat  to  impresa  them  more  stranglT  on 
your  readers)  of  ">A  sooree  of  rational 
amnsement  not  only  for  the  evenings  of  this 
oar  Arctic  Winter,  but  of  many  afutura 
ODe,  when  a  paragraph  of  the  Winter  Chn- 
titctg,  re«d  aloud  around  some  eheerfal  fire- 
side, may  draw  a  tear  of  pride  and  pleaaore 
from  the  eye  of  an  aged  parent,  an  ^aflee- 
tkmate  wife,  or  a  beloved  sister." 

Yoa  will  readily  conceive,  then,  Mr.  Edi- 
tor, that  I  was  not  a  little  cheered  at  the  sa- 
tisnction  which  yoa  expressed  in  your  first 
Number,  and  at  the  confident  manner  in 
which  yott  announced  yoor  persuaition  of 
Amher  and  suflicient  aid.  But,  do  not  sap* 
pose  that  yoor  correspondents  hitherto  have 
borne  an^  pr(q)ortion,  in  point  of  numbmr, 
to  that  ofyoar  well-wishers,  or  of  those  who 
will  eventoally  assist  in  fillinc  yoor  colamna. 
I  have  reason  to  know,  that!  was  not  sfaign- 
Isr  in  the  embairrassment  which  deprived 
me  of  the  gratification  of  seeing  my  signature 
in  the  list «  your  earliest  contributors :  and, 
that  there  are  not  a  few  persons  who  are 
only  waiting  to  form  their  judgment  on  tlie 
son  of  eomiAtthication  which  will  be  accept- 
able,  and  who  will  fall  into  your  rinks,  one 
by  one. 

I  would,,  therefore,  add  my  voice  to  that 
of  your  more  experienced  eorrespondent, 
Philo-Comus,  that  yoa  be  not  diaeoora|ed 
by  the  alender  eontribotk>ns  of  the  first  Mw 
weeks. 

I  would  also  remind  those  who  are  yet  si- 
lent from  the  cause  which  haa  been  just  as- 
signed, that  tiow  is  the  time  when  support  ia 
most  needed  t  when,  if  every  preson  will 
put  his, shoulder  to  the  wheel  in  earnest, 
(and  eaeh  individual  may  command  his  own 
exertions,^  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  your 
Paper  will  go  on  with  apirit. 

Permit  me  to  subscribe  myself. 
Your  occasional  .Correspondeaf , 

A  FLAUI  MATTBn.OF*FACT  MaK. 


lisiii*,^. 


,r 


\ 


m 


ttUrWlClL  BUDtT. 


Tn  theatre  opened  on  Fridaj  evening 
with  the  tarae  of  "  Miai  hi  her  Teens  *'  pre- 
ceded by  an  address,  written  and  spoken  by 
Mr.  Wakeham. 

We  have  been  favoared  with  a  eopjr  of  this 
prodaetion,  with  whieh  we  shall  present  oar 
readers  in  one  of  oar  subsequent  eolumns. 
IVehave  only  to  express  oar  persuasion  that 
there  oan  be  but  one  opinion  ot  its  merit,  and 
shall  only  add,  that  we  think  the  ^ctor 
■earoely  did  justiee  to  tlie  .^itthor  ,•  prolMbly 
from  the  dindence  natural  to  a  man  in  re 
citing  his  own  verses. 

Two  appn^riate  songs  were  introdueed 
between  the  aets,  by  Messrsk  dkene  and 
Palmer,  and  were  received  with  much  ap- 
plause. 

Havinjp;  been  obligingly  famished  with 
copies  or  them,  we  shall  offer  no  apology  to 
our  readers  for  inserting  them  for  their  pe- 
rasal.  We  understanathat  these  are  also 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Wakeham ;  nor  have 
ve  yet  sttted,  if  we  are  rightly  informed, 
the  extent  of  our  obligation  to  his  Muse, 
aince  we  derived  much  aiausement  from  an 
epilogue  said  to  be  written  by  him  for  the 
oeeasm,  at  a  few  hoars'  notice,  and  spoken 
with  great  spirit  by  Mrs.  Tag  and  Jasper, 
in  character:  we  regret  that  our  limits  do 
not  allow  us  to  give  this  production  a  pfaiee 
in  our  pages. 

Persons  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  ex- 
pedients which  are  resorted  to,  to  produce 
eSeet  with  very  deficient  means,  would  have 
been  astonished  at  the  manner  in  whieh  this 
entertainment  was  Kot  up,  under  eiroum* 
stances  the  most  disadvantageous  that  can  be 
concehred ;  for,  we  know  that  not  an  article 
of  soenety,  deeorations,  or  dresses,  was  em- 
barked in  either  ship  for  this  puipose,  and 
yet  we  venture  to  assert,  that,  few  provincial 
theatres  in  England  would  have  excelled 
ours  in  either  of  these  respects. 

The  scenery  was  painted  under  the  direc- 
tk»  of  Ideutenant  Beechey,  who  has  also 
obligingly  undertaken  Uie  management  of 
the  theatre. 

The  characters  were  supported  throughout 
with  great  spirit  and  propnety ,  and  we  con- 
sider that  our  thann  are  especially  due  to 
the  gentlemen  who  took  the  female  parts, 
which  were  performed  with  no  inconsidera- 
ble share  of  animation,  and  feminine  deli- 
cacy. 

A.t  the  conclusion  of  the  epilogiie,  die 
street  scene  riring,  diseovered  the  whole  of 
die  Dramatis  Personie,  who  struck  up  '•  God 
save  the  King,"  hi  whieh  they  were  joined  by 
many  of  the  audience  with  great  enthusitism, 
and  the  curtain  fell  amid  lood  and  repeated 
apajanse. 

We  congratulate  the  performers,  /as  well 
as  the  rest  of  our  community,  upon  this 
soeoeHfitl  eommenaement  of  our  theatrieal 


entertainments.  Amoaement  was  the  sole 
object  for  which  they  were  undertaken— 
that  ol^ect  hu  thus  far  been  etwipletely  ac- 
complished, and  we  sfaieerely  trust  that  no- 
thbig  will  occur  to  prevent  their  regular  con- 
tinuance. 

We  are  aware  thai  to  effect  this,  then 
are  many  difficulties  to  overcome.  We  un- 
derstand that  one  of  the  most  serious  of 
these,  and  which  proves  how  little  expecta- 
tion was  formed  of  our  havin|  leisure  or  in- 
clination to  attempt  a  play  during  the  voyage, 
is  the  verv  small  eolieetion  of  dramatic 
work*  whien  the  manamr  hp^  iieen  aLle  to 
muster  in  both  shipr :  k  that  it  becomes  a 
matter  not  of  choice,  but  of  necessity,  to  act 
those  only  which  hapjien  to  be  on  board. 

A  considerable  propOrtioa  of  these  must 
of  course,  be  unfit  me  the  limited  means 
which  our  theatre  possesses;  but  we  fetl 
persuaded  that  nothing  will  be  left  undone 
to  give  them  all  the  effect  which  these  meana 
afford. 

We  cannot  conclude  our  raport  without 
indulging  for  a  moment  one  pleasine  consi- 
deration, whieh  the  occasion  naturally  sug- 
gests. 

What  delight  would  notour  friends  in  En- 
gland experience,  could  they  be  informed  of 
our  present  situation,  and  of  the  means  we 
are  thus  eraploving  to  render  it,  not  merely 
tolerable,  bnt  cheerful  and  happy!  If  any 
incitement  were  wanting  to  msike  each  of  us 
persevero  in  contributing  his  share  towards 
the  general  amusement,  this  consideration 
would  empty  furnish  it :  nor  should  we  faH 
to  remark,  that  cheerfulness,  which  is  al- 
ways amiable  as  a  privdie  virtue,  becomea 
in  our  case,  almost  a  public  duty ;  and,  that 
he  who  uses  his  best  endeavours  to  encou- 
rage it,  takes  at  once  the  mott  effectual  me- 
thod to  promote  his  own  coinfort,  and  to  be- 
nefit the  public  service. 


ADDRESS 

on  THE  OPBRIirO    OF    THE  TBIATK    a07ij., 
SoaTB  QEOBBIA, 

Written  and  Spoken  by  Mr.  WAKxauc. 


Rkpob'd  from  war— triumphant  in  the  field 
Where  resou'd  Europe's  desdny  was  seal'd ; 
No  foe  to  eombat  on  the  rolling  wave. 
No  injur'd  monarah  that  her  sword  might 

save, 
Twas  still  our  much  lov'd  countiy'sglorioas 

claim 
TosUnd  pre-eminent,  unmatched  in  fhme. 
And  in  the  paths  of  Science  yet  to  find 
The  liberal  plan  to  benefit  mankind. 
Far  in  the  North  an  unknown  region  {tf. 
Where  growing  icecongeai'd  the  liquid  way. 
Tethere  it  seemHlColumbia'ls  bending  shoiv, 
Stretch'd  westward,  heard  Pacific  Oeean^s 

roar. 


7/ 


ly 


d  eoanttyl  glorioai 


Full  oft  in  e«rtier  day*,  had  Britoni  tried 
To  force  «  patMge  throach  the  arretted  tide. 
But  tried  in  vain,  tho'  with  intrepid  akitl 
Penisting  long,  in  spite  ofevVy  ill. 
By  happier  fortune  led,  twa>  oun  to  prore 
Thua  far,  uuoheekNi  by  land,  the  watera 


And  iee-cnenmber'd  here  to  win  odr  way 
'Mid  tile  long  lonihine  of  an  aratie  day. 

But  now  for  eoming  •tormi  and  frigid  air 
Approaehing  Winter  iiidt  nt  well  prepare, 
The  Sun  retiring*  searee  illamea  the  iky. 
Swift  driving  mows  in  eireling  eddies  fly. 
And  soon  no  gladd'ning  ray  shall  gild  our 

noon, 
But  from  the  radiant  stars,  or  changing 

moon.. 
While  thus  inaetive  we  are  doom'd  to  stay. 
To  cheer  the  Hng'ring  hourb— behold  a  play. 
And  tho*  we  boast  not  power  by  tcenio  art 
To  warm  the  passions^  or  affeet  the  heart ; 
Yet  here  seenre  we  tread— no  eritie'a  eye 
Is  bent,  with  eager  gaze,  each  fault  to  soy  t 
Amusement  all  our  aim,  if  that  sueeeed. 
Our  with  is  gain'd — nor  ask  we  other  msed. 
But,  when  emerging  (rom  stem  Winter's 

tomb, 
Reviviiig  Spring  shall  chase   the  dreaiy 

gloom. 
And  genial  warmth,  expanding  o'er   the 

plain. 
Pour  melting  snows  in  twrcnts  to  the  main, 
When  rustling  winds,  with   all  resistless 

aweep. 
Unlock  the  fetter'd  sur&ee  of  the  decp-^ 
Then  with  new  ardour  will  we  onward  hie 
To  seek  a  passage  'neath  this  Polar  sky ; 
Firm  h>  our  Leaders'  care,  who  still  have 

shown 
The  great  resolve,  the  daring  deed  their 

own. 
Nor— if  that  Power,  whose  providential  sway 
The  burning  suns  and  meaner  orbs  obey, 
Approving  smile— will  we  the  task  give  o'er 
Till  southern  surges  round  our  vessels  mar ; 
Then  with  glad  Sails  welt  plough  the  foam- 

<ng  seas, 
Delighted,  list'ning  to  the  swelling  breeze 
That  swil't  impels  lis  to  Britannia^  shore,' 
To  love,  to  friendship,  and  our  homes  once 

more. 

For  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

SKIOXA. 

I OWB  my  birth  to  every  clime 
Found  in  the  spacious  rolls  of  time. 
Proud  cities  have  I  overthrown. 
Yet  am  subservient  to  a  olown ; 

*  The  day  preceding  that  on  whieh  this 
Address  was  spokeo  wits  the  last  that  we  had 
seen  the  sun  above  the  horizon  for  an  inter- 
▼al  0f  ninety-six  days. 


Nor,  if  he  wishes,  can  reftise 
To  dress  his  tbod,  or  alean  his  shoes. 
Oft  when  some  pedlar  lA  the  street 
Has  tried  too  kmg  the  praetisM  elieat. 
To  me  the  mgoe  they  quickly  draw. 
To  punish  witnont  iitrn  of  law. 

In  ladies*  rooms  eaflh  asom  I'm  fimnd. 
Preparing  for  the  toilet's  round  t 
I  wantAn  o'er  the  fragrant  breaat. 
The  poutmg  lips  by  me  are  presrd  i 
Nor  does  tl£e  veriest  prod*  oisdain 
To  use  me  thus,  or  e'er  eompliio ; 
Yet  ofl,  when  visits  they  would  nuke, 
If  I  the  fair  onea  overtake, 
They  quickly  fly  me  in  despair. 
And  seek  a  ooaeh,  a  house,  a  chair. 
The  warrior,  ere  he  meets  a  foe, 
Wooa  me  assisUnoe  to  bestow. 
Oft  have  I  kept  him  iTrom  the  fight,    •% 
Oft  eheek'd  at  once  hlit  hasty  flight,     % 
And  eloaed  his  eyes  in  endless  nig^t  3 
Britannia  owes  to  me  her  pow'r, 
I  keep  the  Gaul  from  eoming  o'er, 
And  oft  have  borne  her  gallant  fleet. 
To  where  the  foemen  they  m%ht  meet. 
My  absenee  has  been  known  to  foil 
Her  sailors'skill  and  utmoat toil ; 
But  when  I  eame  their  toil  waa  o'ei:. 
And  viet'ry  theirs,  as  oft  before. 
AiniMig  the  clouds  I'm  known  to  dwells . 
And  frequent  from  that  height  I've  fell ; 
Yet  aometimes  in  the  ambient  ahr 
I  float,  in  form  extremely  fair; 
At  others,  not  the  strongest  rate 
Of  men  eouM  lift  me  from  my  place. 
Pm  hear  you  now,  and  ev'ry  day. 
Can  you  not  yet  my  name  displny  i 
Foil  sure  I  am,  wKen  next  you  dine, 
You  It  swallow  me  before  your  wine. 

AlAUT. 


TO  COBBESPOXDBNTS. 

On6  of  our  Correspondents  requests  to  be 
informed,  whether  the  lame  di^  which  ap< 
peared  on  the  Stage*,  when  the  Address 
was  spoken,  be  the  tame  dog  alluded  to  by 
Q  in  the  lines  inserted  In  our  last  Number. 

At  the  suggestion  of  another  Correspondent, 
the  Editor  takes  the  opportunity  of  stating, 
for  general  information,  that  the  eonlenu 
of  his  box  will  be  sut^eot  to  his  inspection 
alone,  and  that  should  the  hand-wrldne 
create  any  suspicion  of  the  author,  it  will 
be  confined  to  himself. 

Unaeknowledged  oommunioations  stand  over 
for  insertion. 

The  Songs  by  Messrs.  isxn  and  Vts.Tti», 
in  our  next. 


*  A  dog  that  had  heen  lamed  some  time 
before,  and  happened  tocome  limpingonth^ 
Sti^  immtKihtely  after  Mr.  Wakehani. 


■Mmmmmmmmtmi 


§B 


No.  III.— MONDAY,  NOVEMBER  15,  1819. 


'J 
-I 

I 


1'. 


M 


I  \ 


i'    : 


vi-  I  ; 


II 


Snrov  the  miblicatlon  of  Fronttoat'a  let- 
ter in  our  firit  Number,  we  htre  received 
varioua  eommunieationi  on  the  lubjeet  whieh 
he  h«i  treuted  in  lo  experienced  and  reeling 
a  miinner.  Several  of  oor  oorreBpondents 
(and  cipeoially  m  far  ai  we  ean  Judge  bjr 
their  Myle,  iht  goun^er  onei,)  teem  to  have 
beoome  already  leniible  of  the  senutiont 
whieh  are  there  M  abljr  deieribed,  although 
the  thermometer  haa  not  yet  fallen  below 
*^5*.  The  earlier  ■ymutomi  leem,  indeed, 
lb  be  mueh  the  aame  in  all  eaim,  and  aro  ex- 
preued  with  a  flueney  whioh  pertaadei  ui 
that  the  writcn  have  them  eontinually  at 
their  fingera'endv. 

We  feel,  therefore,  that  we  may  be  eon- 
ferring  a  benefit  on  the  public  by  inserting, 
for  the  pernaal  of  our  youthful  correipon- 
denta  in  general,  the  following  letter,  in 
which  a  remedy  (vainly  aougbt  wr  in  Proa* 
tioua'a  oommnnioation,  on  which  account 
heavy  and  grievoua  arc  the  coroplainta)  ia 
propoaed  fur  one  of  the  ayniptoma  of  thia 
diseaae,  which,  without  aome  effort  being 
made  to  eradicate  it,  bida  fair  to  becomo  ep£ 
deroic  amongrt  ua:  aa  the  author  aigna  hin(i« 
aeir  PMlotophiau,  and  writea  very  unintelli- 
gibly about  "marrowy  aucculency, aculeate 
points."  he,  Kt  leait  to  thoae  '*  whoae  pro* 
penaitiea"  have  not  led  them  with  him  to 
the  atudy  of  ^'Phar^ma-co  lo-gi-oal  worka," 
we  eenolude  that  he  conaidera  himaelf  well 
quulifled  to  offer  advice  In  auoh  deapente 
caaea. 

Mr.  fiDiTOH.— Having  recovered  a  little 
from  the  alarm  excited  oy  Fi>o»tioua'a  inte- 
reating  and  loientiflo  letter,  I  began  to  rumi- 
nate upon  the  other  woiiderftil  phpnoraena, 
which  the  inteniity  of  the  cold  might  pro- 
duce upon  our  ayitem.  An  evil  ahortly  oc- 
curred to  me,  whioh,  although  of  minor  im- 
portance in  itaeif,  would  be  produolive  (if  not 
immediately  warded  off,)  of  the  dire  catas- 
trophe so  ably  deMrlbed  in  the  communica- 
tion alluded  to, 

Aa  no  doubt  yon  are  impatient  to  learti 
the  fruits  of  my  meditations,  I  shnll,  without 
furth^lr  preamble,  praeeed  to  lay  them  be- 
fore you. 

Having  gathered  from  the  medical  writers 
I  have  perused,  (which  by-the<by  have  been 
very  numerous,  as  I  have  a  propensity  tor 
Pharmacoloeioal  works,)  that  hair,  like  the 
horn  of  a  bull,  goat,  or  ram,  is  filled  with  a 
marrowy  succulenoyt  and,  as  a  very  trifling 
degree  of  cold  more  than  what  we  nave  ex- 
perienced, will  cause  congelation  in  these 
exposed  parts,  the  heads  and  bodies  of  our 
little  oommupity  will  be  coverad  wiUi  innu- 
merable aculeate  poiata,  which,  if  brought 


(; 


in  contact  whh  their  own  or  other  people'li 
flesh,  will  make  ao  many  orifioea,  through 
which  the  external  air  will  find  an  eaay  ac- 
ceaa  to  the  inmost  receasea  of  the  veina,  and 
immedhitely  produce  that  extraordinary  glo- 
bosity of  the  blood,  which  ia  ao  philosophical- 
ly and  prophetically  treated  by  Froatwus. 

Now,  Mr,  Editor,  I  have  no  doubt  you 
will  concur  with  me  in  seeing  the  necessity 
^as  one  mode  of  guarding  against  this  alarm - 
ng  phenomenon,)  of  strikmg  at  the  root  of 
eveiy  evil  that  may  produce  it ;  for  which 
purpose,  I  propioae  that  every  individual 
cranium,  whlsken,  he,  be  submitted  to  the 
tonsurial  operator,  and  that  all  the  instru- 
ments which  can  be  mastered,  be  instantly 
put  in  order  for  the  purpose,  before  the  cold 
rendera  this  step  impracticable. 

As  I  am  fully  aware  of  the  interest  you 
take  in  the  public  weal,  I  tmat  you  will  con- 
aider  my  anxiety  to  avert  the  impending 
danger,  a  sufficient  apology  for  treapaaaing  ao 
long  upon  your  valuable  time. 
I  remain,  tec 

Phiumopbiccs. 


Vie  hope  our  oorreapondenta  may  derive 
aome  relief  from  thia  learned  communica- 
tion :  but  aa  the  propoaed  operation  ia  raUier 
an  uncomfortable  one,  and  if  not  attended  by 
the  effects  which  the  writer  anticipates,  may 
be  a  dangerous  one  in  this  bleak  climate,  we 
take  the  liberty  of  suggesting  that  Philoso* 

Shicus  should  first  try  the  experiment  upon 
imself,  especially  as  shaving  the  head  is 
Hrell  known  to  be  efficacious  in  more  cases 
than  one !  If  after  he  has  submitted  his  head 
to  the  "  tonsorial  operator,"  he  will  favour 
OS  with  a  further  communication,  and  it  shall 
appear  that  he  has  himself  materially  bene- 
fited, we  are  confident  that  even  the  most 
desperate  eases  will  find  relief  in  follotcing 
his  example. 

SPEECH 

OF 

COUNSELLOR  PUZZLEWELL, 

In  the  Court  of  Common  Smte,  in  Arctic 
Lund,  be/ore  Chief  Justice  OnnzoBr  and 
a  Special  Jury. 

In  the  Came  Editor  v.  Non-Contributors. 
"  My  Lords,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Jun-, 
•<  After  the  very  able  and  perspieuoua  ad- 
dressof  my  learned  friend,  Philo-Comus,  I 
should  have  submitted  the  cause  of  my  client 
to  your  candid  and  impartialjadginent  with- 
oat  a  remark,  had  not  Mr.  Seijeant  '  Plain 
Matter-of-Fnct  Man,*  besides  f(4lowingmy 
learned  brother  through  almost  every  point 
of  his  statement,  charged  my  clienta  with 


rf 


i9 


nogleetfng  tktir  'kitereit  and  bmiiMMt' 
beeauM,  forMoUi,  tbev  wern  unabltorva- 
^autm  jo  « do  <wa«UitDgk'  ju*  at  tho  tine 
he  ihiokt  they  ought  (o  do  it.  Now.  my 
Lord  and  Gaatlemeii,  aa  the  learned  Ser- 
jeant baa  Mt  out  with  deelarioc  hinaelf 
equally  milty  for  a  enniiderable  time,  and 
Ibrrebeing  no  law  wbieh  flxea  a  determinate 
period  for  the  prodoetioa  of  <  these  aorae- 
tbingi,'  I  eonecive  the  delajr  will  appear  to 
^»^**^  •?  *''•  urdy  operation  of  nature, 
jmeh  we  have  frequentlv  aeen  apreadinc 
the  daeteia  weed  iia  rank  luxuriarie^  while 
IhedBlieioua  fruit  and  beauteoua  flower 
aknrlV  attain  perleetion. 

«ft»iring«.t«dtbiam»eh  hi  vin4i<»ti<Mi  of 
»Jr  ellentt,  I  tbail  awpit  your  verdlet.  In  fttll 
ionlldenee  that  h  will  eaubliah  t|ieir  eharM* 

^Aliir  a  nrdlet  Ibr  therdeflmdanta  bad 
•Mb  ^prOMoneed,  and  reeeit«d  with  krad 
Mitaination^  t<ie  Cdonaellor  itti^aiedr  the 
ivmat,  that  he  had  been  inatmetfed'  to  ex. 
greMtheinleiitioo  of  hia  olieota,  not  t%|e 
^bebind-haQd"  In  affbrdiog  thT EditoTt&t 
abpfiMI  tir  which  hit  (trenuoua  and  liberal 
•cxertiona  fiir  the  publie  amuaenent  ab  juitly 
entitle  him.         v  ' 

M«.  Ei<ifoB.~The  antieipatkiq  ao  i^eaf 
•"Py  wp««e<»  ««  yourilwt  Number,  W 
your  ablrCorrespondent,  PhUo-Ck>mua,  ai;d 
repMted  In  the  weond  by  the  «  Plain  Mit- 
te<^or-raat  Man,*  njf  «  mnat^  of  ratkmiil 
anna^meou  Itc.  8ce.  fce.,  had  taken  meh 
^li?2r'^*^  my  mind,  that  after  ha»tet 
"Y'^'^.Wy mwntwoforaoipetblng  to 
MMR  in  filling  fCftt-  eolomna,  alunber  aup> 

ElMf hat  my jraking  tboogbta^^  hwapa. 
leofprodaoiHg.  ffaneled  myaelf  v^afcd 
S«»  *»|  po*«P«f  reropving,  at  a  with,  from 
Phee  ^  rti^;  Wd  being*  trwfM^  Mth  a 
•ott^raftertireof  eurloaltT,aa  well  aa  a 
fl^^iiP?^  oJ-lMte  ftir  Mienee.t  waa 
imiifJdiately.oniMabiogEndland,  (oreoorte 
my  «m  with.)  Ktdo4  inS;^  mlilHof  an 
■jaemblage  of  beauty,  fluhim,  and  talent,  at 
^  17\  '"  -^— "tt^.  As  I  wat  «n. 
Known  I  bMl  an  opppftaui^  of  eontemplat- 
in|^  M  lei«n«^;di»;  oMi  by  wIpM  I  waa 
amwoumMViMi  hhne^of  ioveUtMrbeloce 
me^owupioil  mr^^iabd  my  attention  fbr 

SS?ilS!!l!i^-2*^  L*''^~«*  to^notiae  the 
wllectioB  oCpj^^ea,  d|^  „«-. 

iX'^'^^fi'i^'^  '■»  *w«~«ion, 
riS  li^""?*^  ««  the  «pri*km^itfc«,ted 
my  *•»   A  jKNmg  lady,  the  imtta  of  ber 

ti^aafettdilpf"^  wews  the  Brrt^^ilSit 
■Mt  my  ean  when  le  biuB«d  Uie  fi<— ^;  der 

r 


bluih  &i>Md  itoeir  cm  kwiVfSf  «lMek^ 
•  i^A.  »o  lem  aodden,  taeiewM.  A  valMd 
frkntf  b  we  perkapa.  th(M|ht  t  •  A-MW 
tever  hi  tha  other.  WaMon  Caaid.  what 
trijbwf^ionptayfafwUhotf  IWtawid 
^  'gweli^pMaed  my  Itoa  belbr^  theasHM 
ORMie^  and  I  beheld  a  youMr  MMl 
"^"l.*^'  fMUniag  on  a  ao^  Imt 


eham 
«^ea 


.  NeUniag 
with  teavf.    She 


and.p«|ak»ate|y  «riad,  ••  Where  w  ny  -3 
(MaptemM  not  be  M4,  Mr.  Editor),  ia  bo 
"«»fn«l  lohleta  thoie  fi»d  expeaibwwntf 
For  p(ly%  «ka  keep  me  no  longerln  a«a- 
peiUNt-^Oea  ke  live )"    **  He  doM,"  I  tiM 

IS^J^'^^i'lTi*  •*'^  *»  my  boaom  to  bo 
•wiiiatntfd  wkk iMre aeerebsl  waa  korriod 

IJSl^  ■    *  moment firaml  mvaelf  at» • 

faaklonalilp  party  In .mm*.    VoaoolMr 

wM  mr  name  mentionwl;  tkan  a  ONnrd'  of 
gg^jy^  «"•«»•«  I  •^  bekSMaM- 
»w»Wd  met  b  tkort,  they  ware  iromoO. 
yobng and  beantir«l,  .'  deSge  of  SS& 

"  flow  doea  my  friend— -^M  <«f||OMilfi. 
•?^ia.wo«!*' «AII^,»  taw TIC: 
eome  witbjueh  a  u«Te«t  if  p^V.^?; 

*t  «  Twaa  then  I  taw 

Thet«rf4Un«iageoftbe  tool 
jscam  from  the  never  ailent  e\  j. " 

rathe..  t^ler,.UIl  Sightly,  and  ehSmlnJ'S 
ever.  She  pretted  my  hand,  and  thiinlid 
me.  A  awel bag  tfarii  eteaped.  ••  Could  yw 
^nJ!"".  ffi* '  She  «R«S^  it,  andS^S 
midly  withdrew  her  hand !    Tw.  .iSS. 

u^'t.  i'Lt*"  '•"•^  •"**  ^  irretrievaSy 
loat  in  another  moment,  had  I  not  edloS 
reatoo  to  my  aid,  and  widied  mvMf  mS^ 
though  I  eouid  not'deterStiSBS?  '58: 

ingiboufat,lfle»  up  and  down  theairoet 
tofl  onhiakiJi.  drow«r,a,^man  araaTg 
W, Pith,  wot  inttanthr,  with  lantcro  aaS 

At  Ittopped  to  attitthim,fiitbrethreoaiHS 
ap^aad  aOijMd  me.    Boiiiog  wlSTSfiK 

fm^  from  the  blow  of  a  <^feendinK  e^lM 
iteame  to  foriouti^  In  eoniiet  wkk  tSlB 
"f  «»»?  NdiJlaee,  tboi  1 ««» *t otmSoSJK 
towdcdiiMmluidttopklity.    "^n^W 
BeUve  ■»(,  Mr.  Bitor;^ 

yov  iioeei«  well<.ivitber,     ' 


<(ip'^iift"' 


^Jg**«fl« 


K(4»x^3s*" 


^^w_ 


•  ••••••*••••••••••• 


noliM  fivm  tlM  fB«iMgmartfit<|i«i|Ni  w« 
dMini  to  «ildi  Uwt  th«BdkorV  loii  k  «t  all 
tiowi  lit  (h«  MTV iM  of  Um  niaiiMCi'  «n4  his 
«omqNiiMlenu,w  Ihe  mc(UiiniortlMilr«mB- 

TIm  mKnacer  luiviii«QO|MiMi  ti^.<^  Sinum 
]}t|;relliea«,'^exMpt  tlirM|h  tke  liubm  ^ 
nmm,  makes  «a  ivmtf  mm  luifjog,  m- 
||Mvlf<^  bit  oodMiiDnlMppa  befw*.  VLt 
km  Imv«  to  tiMink  hin.  dm  m  iNi,  vnMi 
b«%1uimaroiw.  and  liMlf  Ui  «!«<«  iunnM* 
iMnV  wUI  Im)  w<»S  betivMn  ^  mU  oT  tN 
next  plav,  Tli»  mnager  takM  am  ^VVi 
innkf  «r  infflrning  iinoii  DHH^npw^  aM 
oirM#  Omb^tnat  imthom.  fhito-CiMiW, 
AINrt.  Q,  lu.,  MMl  Oie  pnUiir  ia  i|n«t«;, 
tM  piMft,  prolMttet,  cpttoiaM^ionti»J% 


biita  to  Um  («Mnl  aoMMeiiieat.  Thttbea* 
trlMl  library  at  prMeal  eonalMs  of  aix  or  at- 
vt«  pieaaa  onljr,  ind  aoBW  of  tlina  but  badhr 
adapted  to  our  Mag*.  It  V,  tkarefiBre,  «▼!- 
dent  that  thahooMmvattbQt  up  baibra  die 
•eason  i»  oter,  for  few  perioBt,  notwithitaad' 
inc  the  eharaetora  be  ever  w  well  aupportad, 
will  jrit  OQt  the  19tth  repreaeatatioB  of  any 
one  perrafaunee  t  aad  the  manaMr  foramrft 
a  laek  <^  spplainat  a  dry  aigaMeaat  aniMf 
at  ao  old  joke,  for  which  the  andieoce  ii4 
been  lybig  tai  wait  for  a  «|nartar  of  an  tw-f 
diaabatented  aoaotenanaes,  empty  len^* 
and  llftaliy  the  fall  of  the  green  ottMis*  ta 
riaa  «o  fnove,«Blett  aome  one  aMfllartb 
auMMM  the  erbwd.  tofoke  the  ninae,and 
bM  ew  eortaln  riie  agito.  The  managar 
hai  dvelt  thna  loog  on  th»  M)ti«et,  under  • 
eMflpntliatlNN  la^wattt  of  iUtity. 
wnttMlthe  gentlemen  e«ert  themadve*. 


WHEN  Denmark**  PMnee  appeara  npon  the  ttage, 
.  (At  least  we  (earn  so  frofli  gratt JMii^upeare'ii  p^giO 
He  steals  with  sloW  and  solemn  malesty, 
And  thus  exelMids--«|$  be  or  nA  to  Vt  i" 
But  when  the,Baker,f<pM^  hifM^Qg  apP^i'''d 
Upon  North  Georgia's  boards,  Mt  foiae  was  heard 
Front  him :  he  tbnoeent(i>^^  loelrd  llfMII; 
And  seareely  pot  his  fbnrth  rootlii  ih*  gRMfWd} 
The  audienee  smiled^theaddt^vaa  not  iMpended| 
And  here,  I  surely  tbfNMt,  th^MMr^  ended. 
Until  your  Paper  IB  seeohd  nniilbilip«MM, 
Statinb  ■  correwondcnt  markid  hoip Hme 
The  dog  appeared :  and  atraight  desipea  to  be 
Infomi'd— ^*irtbis  dog  was,  oi^wnailMjl*  ^ 
That  Glam  fbrcsmr  WdiU  eooie  wkkUttiibtt  ▼Ue, 
And  "need  a  IMewl  to  help  him-«*er  the  aOW.^ 
I  like  year  papece-p^herelbre  dirl  fenA.'bmt 
I,like  your  Gorreapondenta—*eanseiyptt  need 'em. 
But  give  me  leave,  WmA  Editor,  n  ,vN)rd, 
The  man  that  asks  aipiMtkm  sofbsnrd, 
ihrbves  that  he  luw  a  nranstroos  l*dE  of  brains ; 
Tet,  not  to  give  offenee,  1  took  the  paioa 
To  aearch  out  Glnro,  an4  in  a  friendly  way 
Ask  him  wha|  1  in  aniwer  now  eaala  say. 
•' Say,'*  replied  Ghiai,  "  I  do  not  thfaik  it  fit 
'*  To  answerone 'Who  4mws  so  little  wit." 
'*  In  tirath,  in  some  teniMtt,'' l4Mdd, '^yon're  r^^ 
*<  BtttsdiFj^mnst  iaiiiowledge,  on  Uiat  night 
•' Noiie  of  thi  tantei^  you  aoJlM0y1^Wp4, 
'•Thnrnghootthe  plajitKr  ritheireMt«W<^'d.'^ 
*•  Whi^  to  be  plain,  l«a«eelf  *«*«  w 
'^AMit,  th«ihe^«pMlbr^ 
**  llamph*>i>  SrthiMEa'to  ptnttle  Me,  «he  tvMe, 
«  Btat^  haire  af£iin«lhe  eettiiRM; 
•!  Tell  hhtt  the  IMbi^ejr,  as  i^t^ 
V  Siv  how  miielK^Bisdlief  there  wenldaanily  be, 
•  .=  «'tlnle|»:trwteare;w(W'':ta?enj|»^fc^^ 
r-'y-^r  **.inW' iiia<aieFS|rhh>h.#i$Mteltll^aa^        , , ;  - ''"-    - 

:The^d£t  having  Mclnged  to  a  baker  at  lfap|^M>  v^tt^ift  erilsd  IgFthe  mso. 


«t 


«•  PlMtd  Mr.  Prambttn*  «lM»  Im  tliMM  t  kMt# 
*<  To  gOMtl  the  door,  aor  tfwimrimftm. 


*•  TiiM  to  bto  poM  tiM  proflBnMr  (fid  0  voaqiri 
M  Pligr>M  or  #likMt  ft  MMmi 


«  Ho  oMde  Mm  Pligr  (OM  dr#lilMwuM«Mill»r. 

••  Bat  «h«ii  for  ilto  BpllogM  dte  ourtiOl  rOM, 

'« Woirkd  wUh  VMMkm. oriOalo otkofoiUio* 

<«  lb  Itft  hh  poM,  »Im«,  Hiodkliii  M  rrikw, 

*<  TIm  llnipor  mim,  tad  Monpad  iIm  lady'b  ptOM, 

«•  Wbidi  *o  oonAind  Im#,  offMto  woald  MT«  fooe, 

'«  Had  not  llio  nl|l«ft|H  of  •«■!*  <Mo 

•*  ficoo  put  in  loroa  m laare  Itor  anridaa  Minlwa» 

•«  And  drive  IIm d««(9»kiil  aliat  tM  WriMt. 

"  T>ii  I  jhril  nnifw  lat  ftirti|i|>MJ|it  im  nrtt ' 

<V  Aad  M»w  |ood  iMMa^ 

h  worda  Ika  thflw  did  €|lnm  UneiroxpraMi 

tWVa  Uttla  ttf  tN ftwi^t aMiCnai 

Boi  whaa  your  CartMMiMmU:  Oniid  a  qaorjr, 

Thav  aiMt  not  bknia  tba  antvor  tin'  it  wmrjr. 

And  f*jron  think  twill  tire  'am  or  di«<M  *am, 

Toaalihariii9oadtoroiiaiiia(t%iB.  Q. 

*  TIm  pronplar  wiiow  abiaaae  Awn  htapoit  iAMni  tlia  apilojpM  ia  tlHM  aommaatad 
■poo,  -wu  aospeated  of  baiiig  tha  aatbtor  <|f  tlie  A^mr  to  wUali  diete  Uaea  are  the  repijr. 

TO  ecmiiiii>divi>BkTi. 


Wa  ar«  obliged  to  poitooaa  the  GkiiM^^niaed  lii  a9r  -^r^  _^ 

TnnrraT  Bn^mSS-it  haa^iTlt  tl»  nlatiQBlf  ktAtHm  Mm. 
LAsiaua  UcKaaAin'e  latter  iMv  raaahad  iu  dJMitihatlob.  -  ^^^ 


WE  owe  an  opoiogjr  to  Peter  Trial,  Jbr 
bavini  delayed  the  idiartioo  oT  Ma  latttr, 
until  eo  looK  a  time  after  the  perfbwnawaeto 
whieh  he  aliudea.  Tha>fiMt,  ho««far«  mm 
that  w  maaherour  SeeoBdNtunbarhad 
been  oeeapied  by  the  affiiirs  af  the  tliea^, 
thet  we  had  baralrroom  ia  ouirt  lamotioMft 
W  mioagar'a  airanlaf  addrawi  todwa 
^nnd  owaahraa  oMifOd,  Ui  yutkm.  to.. 
aonaspaBnean  oq  onier  Bamc 
poaa  tiur'letter  whidi  'we^\ii^l|in»gij|,.wn»r 
readara,  aa  trail  ai  the  OoUMr^  ~ 
anng  hrMtmii.  8kiiM  bim^V 
%hiehwiUbalbiiiidtathai 


EDITOB 


wiNinut  cHBomcLfi. 


Snt— I  aaanot  help  afpreadng  thfMhiita 
dettebt  I  felt  in  wttaeMioff  AaaoMftahiog 
perfbmianaa  of  Frtda*  avantagv^'^'^ioMvf 
woaM  hedtete  tdttroiilMaaeasHp«rEiiN^I» 
averjr  thing  of  «h»  Ui4«fiiah  ' 


It  fat  tlus  eooattT^  aad  whiah  wll|pmi«%a 
■orpaMcd  bj  mitm  atroUata  t«««rdi  INI 
i|did  and  genial  alia|iita<>     w-  1'v^, 

The  Norti  CieartfaTheatro^  <haBghfe««r> 
v«i  in  maek  ietatiwri^^atMl  hr»|i'jjiM|t  hl»*j>  ^ 
(baa  Coirant  Oarddn  or  tkwflm»f  V'*' 
ivaa  adTfoiali^  9«ar  tliflaa  aiiil^l^^ 


<(niatara%  whiah»  ar0i»  their  bitamal  daOO' 
iMlana  and  duwltag  ahanna*  aaikaOC  a^odi 
foa«  hi  qpitaaC:>,|M  tbeb.andeavoara  topro» 
aww  a  free  vaadtatioa  and  a  eool  atnoaphafw, 
tli8»hava  Mvar jfet  taaefcded  Hjce  oor  able 
^iiaat,  Hr.  Craet,  \m  t|da  vaqr  oMeitkl 
aadpartianiarjioint 

•Baiirel'aonalMda.  let  eie  ryeomwOnd  lo 
ttoea  ptrlbrmara  w^  lukf e  any  diaibnea  to 
raiara  Mama  .^fter  the  doort  are  ■hut,  ud 
who  RUHT  have  taken  a»  naeh  retirnhment 
oli.dtt.l|o«N»  alibrd^.lhitth4>y boon  their 
mmtA  Ujiim  the  prowling  wolf,  and  the 
iMi»%lMMo«»boar,  Htoixna  all  the  h«n 
haadol^'wmar;.  or,  irbcn  wa  wonM  meak 
or  thaapr  Mala,  thm  mf  haw  bwome  fittor 
Olrt^M(liiM^tpit||li^  AAa  lofaniUh  ot  with 
(hb  awl*  ^kaihirablir  ampUjment  of  re- 
aardhHrflmr  aMrkb(kin%«iploita. 

1  raSikiB,..lia.  he.      _        -_ 
.  w  '  ■ .   ^  PmB  TuAS. 

..  Wa  woiiU  w9K|li|^.«dinit  to  the  eoaaf- 
danittqii^  wrtreof^iipandenUL  both  pMki^ 
poaWeA^Md  ««ker«iia,  wheiher  thaM  ba 
aa]raaiwH^ni»^wax  oi^aMteuded^^ 
betw«a»1ha  ktmmA^mftiiitttimmmn 

tba  favt  weak,  wd  <h»  aaiptjr  Maiaartha 

.   •Tk«|u^igku.in'p(titu|ia,^*^. 


S2 


#•••••••••••••  (M** 


EdMPrtkWa  WctHitwiN 
be  mW  vm  Itamtdlf  mmI 

BMioiinHiykthiiMVidi  AM|li  ptriMyi  w 
thb  M  on  mMj  odMr  (ointt,  tka  lt«  aild 
the  ■utMger  iMty  be  ili(  iiflriiiM.  Huilnt 
bkititd  tliM  HMMbt  w«  «illiii|l)r  kmfii  tlw 
ialriMt  to  Item,  fai  fiiU  m»Mvbm  tlwt  k  b 
fai  their  |MMr«r  to  ««Mt  it  ly  ThmndMr  nni 
to  bo  00  leofor  ■  qooiiioa.  Wo  wm  aim 
-witb  the  pemiMion  ud  bj  tho  OMWM  of  Mr 
fHtiMl  Tiim,  to  iwmind  iho  ooaoHHor  Vim- 
whwH  tbot  on  enoiviiMmt  OMdo  in 
^oort,  liMftrbMMgoo  thepiurtjl 
ki  tbot  it*  dao  pvrfonunoe  moj  bo  Ol 
ood  tho  ofeim  enlbrMd  bf  tho  Mtfi«rfl|^ar 
tfio  ooort.  hi  wbow  prcMneO  It wm'  bimo. 
How,  M  ttM  loornod  ooooNllrir  woo  hNtruot- 
od  bjr  bii  oliooto  ••Tbo  Non-Cootribmon,'' 
(P«xpr«M  biopoB  ooort  IhohrbiloiitiM.M' 
botaf  BO  loo|or  <«  bobiad>hond*'>  opM* 


b«  •«  tbal  Npport  to  ttao  BAlor,"  In.  ko.  V 
oad,  «•  '•  ihoi  Mppo*^"  fco.  ko.,  ban  not 

iot  booo  aNbnkd,  wo  hovo  Iboufbt,  that  if 
Ir.  lodoont   Piohi.  Mottor^FoM-MMi 


000  bo  pmoilodoo  to  bo  ofiin  oorodvoooto, 
wo  woold  oMpiojr  bim  to  movo  in  tbe  ooort 
of  Common  mmo,  thotoouoMllor  Pnisla- 
woll  bo  ro<|«irod  to  ihow  ooom  why  tho  Ail- 
lloMmt  of  tho  hwttootiona  w  oipreitod  •• 
hoobooo,  ondttUI  it,  doloyod. 


A  von  hiioniaw  ooswor  to  Albert  1i  enif> 
no  hovMf  teoo  oUoolotod  In  monoMript 
daring  the  poet  week.  It  remalni  with  at  to 
pobli*  the  oathor%  Mhition  M  wo  oriiMly 
KOoived  it> 

In  ov'rv  olime,  remote  or  noor. 
Where  w  the  eje  of  moo  eon  poer^ 
or  fonerhl  tue  to  homoo  kind 
ProUflo  woler  yoa  will  Ind. 


Theatre  Rogrnl,  NorUi, Georgia. 

ON  WBDKB8DAT  NEXT,  th*  94tl|  inntant, 
WiU  bo  perfbnMd  FoOte'o  mneh  odmhod  Comedy  of 

Wkh  the  OMUil  oeeoMponfaBont  of  SONGS  between  thO  AeU. 
Doore  wiD  «pon  bt  Half  pott  Six,  ond  tho  PorfbntiMMo  will  begin  ot  Seven  preelwlj. 

The  UtMtiet  hoo  reoehrod  F.  R.  8.*e  Pndogoo,  and  will  eobMit  It  for  OQosiderotkw  at  the 

fint  BMOtfaigof  tho  Cowmktre. 

SONGS 

WBITTEN  FO^  TRB  KbBTit  C»SbB<3lA  THEATRE, 

JndSithff  at  Mr  Peifirmanee  onFf^iayttheSth  of  November^ 


QH !  whai  eon  ofliiiniMro  wim  fho  hoaiiHyE  Iho  mom, 
oib  MjRiiiMNiiitidoo  hl^r-^ 

mi" ' 


aibeaaii'ftbal^wii  evaa. 
il  tho  h^  thit  wo  pine. 


WhenAtriwa^ 
lErr  thi  Soi'i 
l^tatheiofltaaiilool 

Or,U^'daoghii^.^All 

Whoti  dittant^  jU'dialMt,  6«iv  iII>at^M^^ 

Flrpm  tho  fa«|Mlir  Wlr««ide.  and  thofrlnd  tfiat^  aipeeM » 

WI««WealbrA^Wp|^^aTO^  ,^ 

Or.bid*a.na.|»eoiMtcfmi«-aiMin.b«ii#n.!m^^ 

Tie  thiiOiftiMiiloorhplMlrtthatbeiMM^^f^  thoeyea 

or.  th7  daa|i^.  Ihbr^i^;! .  |ho^i^#t  wo  ^^^^ 

Tho'lhyaonibilheffieym^^  ' 

And  the  fiimeof  tliy  ohietmtif  rOeOuod^ltOiri^H' t    " 
Tho'natnnftOi^^aMiil^^bi  tlt^i^e  ift^  eombmea, 
"     rar  of  tht  glarjr  aM  oAlraoatihfaief . 
'      '     iilMf 


^|i:tho;Mftiimi 
thjdanghton,  fair 


rfhat  hNotr  fimr'tbo  Of <• 
!  the  land  tfiat  we  putRr. 


■A^ 


A 


••«•••#«•••• 


or  lb;  tteafhltrib  Air  AlbloB !  the  ImmI  ilMt  w«  ptiM. 


J.-r 


SONG,  MR.  PAUIBB. 

IIAY,  who  but  hai  iMwd  Uwl  ■  tnM  BrhMi  ttr 

li  kind  to  hh  Imi,  and  rtgtrdi  n^it  a  Mtr, 

Iritii « iMMt  flm  bi dM|*r»  •*d  MMUat  hi  lew? 

If  aiwilM  bjr  ih«  MaMM,  or  iomVI  on  Um  wave. 

Baab  Mr?*  h  tutUM  bia  vtiaal  to  lavo. 

He  iwpaira  lotba  bolin  to  dirvat  bar  ariibt, 
_  Or  atawla  at  bla  qoarOfa,  axpaatint  tb«  Stbt. 
Whb  a  baarl  Arm  fai  ditian  Mid  aoMtant  in  iMo. 

Whan  duty  ia  o'ar  'moafN  bla  maaaaMtea  balor. 

Hia  mirtb  and  good  httnour  aoaaaiioily  flow. 
From  a  baait  inn  In  danfir.  and  aonatant  in  lore. 

Ha  pM|ia  bla  Ktafl  in  %ir  bttinpcra  of  mtm, 

8in«  bla  aonb  Ibr  good  MIowatTp  avwViot. 

Ei^a avVThoar,  aa It paaiaa  him  bjr. 

VnwilUng  tbo  momanu  nuira  awifUy  abouM  f f , 
with  a  baart  firm  in  dnngari  and  aonatant  b  lore. 

When  eallM  by  bla  aountijr.  bo  linnra  no  mora. 
But  learhii  tha  Jojrt  of  bla  daar  nallva  aboro, 

.With  a  baart  Arm  in  ^nyar,  and  aonaunt  in  bm. 

>   EmbaikatoaxploraHyporboreanaoaata 
Snrroandad  by  tea,  and  anfattarVI  by  iVoaU, 
Ronrdloaa  of ,  Wintar^  parpatoal  raigo. 
And  praparad  to  anaonntar  tba  boiatarom  main. 

With  a  baart  flrn  in  danger,  and  aonatant  in  lova. 

No  toll  aan  tobdua  bim,  no  borrora  appal, 
.    A  traa  Uriliab  Ur  maato  whate'er  may  bcfal, 
^Witb  a  biwrt  firm  in  danger,  and  aonatant  to  love. 
Again  bo  ■hall  viait  tbaland  of  hia  birth, 
Preaa  bia  girl  to  bit  heart,  and  indulging  bh  mirtiL 
Hit  tratola  ri«o«nted~-hia  pitrilato'd  o'er. 
Await  tba  high  eall  of  bia  eountr}  iute  mure. 
With  a beartUrm  hi  danger,  and  oonitant  In  lovei 

And  wi{ll  tball  old  England  remember  her  ion. 
Who  baa  addM  new  glorhit  to  thoMi  she  has  won. 

With  a  heart  Arm  hi  dangar,  and  aonaunt  in  love  t 
■  Wfaoao  kWlI  aver  daring,  ditoarta  the  prauil  lea. 
That  had  no'fer  bomo  a  uilp  wnoe  the  World  'nn  to  be  i 
And  raided  by  PravMona*  afill  thall  preat  on; 

«,Ti"  r  """S!*  "*  WMk  C«A*»  that  bu  yet  stopped  eaoh  ooti. 

With  a  heart  firm  in  darger,  iqid  aonatant  in  love. 

Let Britona on thore,  then,  thnbright flolriag botri 
nil  high  to  the  Sailor  nodaunted^  toQl. 
V  With  a  heart  Arm  in  dMigaiff'^and  oonA^tln  love  t 

And  may  be,  when  rMomM^^froin  tlia  toilt  of  the  wave. 
Find  that  Honour  and  Lova  atlll  await  on  the  brave. 
Who  dareaftr  bii  eoantrjr,  bla  Mends,  autl  his  home. 
_By  Freedom  inspired,  oV  the  wide  oacan  roan, 
WUh  a  baart  Arm  b  dMgtr,  md  aooatantbi^^love.      .    «^ 
'"•'hyCapr.  ,        Vv'-' 


•"HiJjV^  '^*  '  *'  ■ '  ■*''' 


^.viSf* 


mmm^ 


^m^.. 


^^K^W  "'"»''    fl"^)-' 


^^^l^^TOP^Hf'^       -  '    ■■"T'?fi'-Jf'''T(!f^T*    7*^^***^   i'     "/''   *^  'Vfr'^™"^ 


••••••••••• •«••#••• 


No.  V.--ilOJrilAY,  NOVEMBER  29,  181i. 


\ 


TV  the  EdUtroftht  WbiiO-  Chmicte. 

.  StS,— AS  I  wu  iaduteing  tlw  othtr  even' 
lof  m  prafiMnd  eo(iU&ii,  wh9tt  enjlijring 
ar  Mpr  hj  tli«flni<«d«,^lbtiinrin(  lin«t« 
vniehl  dO'BOt  exMtly  renwndwr  i»h«re  first 
to  have  wen,  ttrodi  mtow  ny  mind  n  ths 
fitttU^  nlje^  of  IIm  moneat : 

«« The  Indian  kaf  ^'bri^fly  Irtirn, 
**Bodoth  mab'ailtm^fo  weaknAiiitttrni 
**  The  fire  of  yoiUKektiagtiiihed  qaite,^ 
** Coneswe,  lik« eaibera  drjr and  vUte : 
"  TbiiDk  of  thisaa  joa  take  tobaofo." 

Seeing  a  vait,  deti  of  truth  in  the  above 
qootatiBn,  and  an  ezeeliettt  pietore  of  the 
mntabil^  of  oar  natiaret  1  trost,  Mr.  £di< 
tor,  to  be  excoiedin  teqaciting  you  to  give 
Hpoblieityi  thoogh  I  reeoUieet  MMDiething 
•boat  not  Inierting  thing*  whioh  aire  borrotr- 
ed.  lonlyreqaeat.  then,  to  be  informed, 
ere  it  be  rdee&d,  lii  what  book  thew  Hnea 
aroto  belMiidf  Mid  fronvhiMBi  they  are 
eopied.  Or,  if  yoa  dMmld  think  fit,  in  the 
UttldpiiJiy  of  yoor  eoneemi,  to  aubmit  it 
to  year  eurteapoBdenti,  and  leave  it  to  mndo 
one  or  oner  of  them,  in  their  general  ae> 
qnaintanee  wHh  every  topie  minnte,  leani> 
ed,  Mientifle  or  otherwiw,  to  i^cteet  tiie 
eortyirt,  and  make  an  expoai  of  him  in  the 
foUoWmg  week's  Gatette, 
Too  voald  oblige, 

Ms.  jiditor,  be.  fcow 

We  have  iOwrted  Peter  Fnmeli  letter,  in 
the  hope  that  some  of  our  eorreqHBndenta 
may  know  the  dr^nal  authcir  of  (he  lines  he 
has  qnoted ;  pr^bly  Peter  Fomeli  ao> 
qoaintanee  with  them  is  derived  irom  tile 
samesooroe  as  our  own,  namely,  from  Bob 
Roy,  where  they  are  very  aptly  introdocied. 
Vol.  I.  page  90C. 


LAW  REPORT. 

COURT  OF  COMMON  SENSE, 
Jbi  the  Came  e/'Editor  o.  Non«Cotttribators. 

Hia  tordddp  being  aeated,  Cqiinsellor 
PuateweU  rose,  and  addressed  the  Cowt 
asibllows: 

Mx  l/«s->'I  shBI  not  ocirapy  yoor  lord- 
lUp^time  krMlioiw^KgmjM^uim 
theDouasol  fiv«^  lhaL.|>temtfi^  tiMMpgh^  thft 
«»t««#^  W^iw^Mfe^^rom  «*  eoosi, 
dershiflMMirto  havepii^  ttia%%the  eiis« 
torn  of  jtbis^mrt,  i|i|1b«aiMiilt  on  my 
elitats.  JfThe  NoiiKiC^trlNi^  to  pf- 
to^  Ait  Mlppwt,  m.  ate.,  tti  delay  <^ 


whieh  is  the  subject  now  before  yoor  lord- 
ship ;  nor  shall  I  question  the  rkht  whieh  he 
has  claimed  to  the  fulfilme  nt  orthe  promise 
whieh  L  was  iostrueted  to  make,  and  did 
make,  in  their  name.  No,  my  lord,  how- 
ever rmdy 'and  able  I  mavfeel  myself  to 
controvert  these  points,  and  1  doubt  not  to 
your  lorddtip's  satis^aao,  yet  as  my  elieatt 
have  tbooght  fii  raUier  to  eoneede  then*  I 
shall  eoi>tent  myself  with  moving  your  lord- 
ship ikw!  the  court  j  that  certain  affidavits  be 
read,  with  which  I  am  furnished  by  my 
clients^  and  whichrt  have  no  doubt  will  be 
aceonnted  by  yoor  lordship  most  satisfactory 
reasons  (br  the  delay  ;  and  will  be  deemed 
sufficieAt  to  entitle  them  to  such  further  in- 
dtjgvice  as  yonr  lordship  shall  be  pleased 
to  grant,  and  fbr  wbieh  I  aminstroeted  to 
solMt 
The  affidavits  v<ire  then  read  as  follows: 

T^t^^EdbtA^jf  David  Drowsy. 

This  deponentmaketh  oath  and  siuth,  that 
want  of  lenure  hath  hitherto  prevented  his, 
nflfering  '.hat  aSsistanee  to'  the  Isditor,  whieh, 
his  good  widies  for  the  snpportof  the  mid 
paper  woold  otherwise  have  prompted  him  b> 
aSbrd  { that  what  With  thetime  neeesiarihr  oc- 
eopsed  hi  three  n^lar  mMb,  and  two  uttle 
oiiea  per  ds^,  a  two  honrs*  nap  after  dinner, 
and  another  after  eolfee,  wiib  all  oeeasional 
dose  fai  tiie  forenobn,  toMtb^  IriUi  the  da- 
ties  (tf  his  prefearion  ill  %m|  jdmes  of  eon. 
stent  aetivSty,  ho  mOat 


tnvSty, 
tbiM  ho  hath  aearef^beett  alii  I 


idepoaetb, 
rsnateh  bis 


ten  hours  test  at  bight,  la|Mi  less  to  employ 
any  poitiao  of  hiawaaelsiMNitriimUng  tothe 
general  amneaiji^.  Tlw  detioneoti  how- 
ever, fiirther  saKi^i  thit  notw^ttanifflng  his 
nnmerans  and  ifi|lln^eai|lle  awboa^ions,  he 
hath  actually  Boaawed  to  od|^|^  «aAh  of  the 
midpfl^perl,  wUiethafeapp^irad;  andin 
thus  haftng  l^veo  J|  lif*  ititeanoe  and 
patronage,  he  coiidmr*  Umldif  m  entitled 
to  the  farther  faida^pMi  of  ^e  coart 

TAe^l^ldiinJt^  Gregory  Gripes. 

TbhrdtepoQentnidMdioatfL and  siuth,  that 
ever  since  the  propoiala  for  a  newspaper  ap- 
peared, be  basbem  so  frtevonsly  sAieted 
witlKa  gihi  inhis  rtoma^,  (which  pafaidodi 
still  Oonthtue,)  that  heliaa  been,  ofterly  in- 
capable of  eOnti'RMthig  any  tiiim  towards 
the  #ipportof  the  said  paper)  oTall  which 
hei«na4y*  if  i»faired|  to  bring  Into  court 
eertiftoileafBoCa^mefKealaMHiwIio  have 
attflodOd  him.  This  deponent  trasteth  that 
the  court  will  tdce  into  it*  gracious  emsider. 
atioHy  boiNhBKpossiblo  it  is  for  ii  man  (OAt- 
tempt  ib  iuilHa  other  pooiite,  wl^»  hi  Um 


.  ;j  "•  I-"- 1.^  • . 


>»;, 


s.  ■^-« 


,  .1    «JlSf 


2? 


en  rmdu  follows: 


•ftir  !•  Ikboating  ander  •  hoAify  iaeoareni- 
ence  of  this  peoaliar  imtare. 

The  Affidavit  of  IMft-ciH  Le«T»«boat. 

This  deponent  mak«th  oath  wid  Mkh,  that 
after  having  more  than  half-writtea  two  or 
three  paper*  ibr  (he  Editor's  box,aDnieeTil« 
diipoavd  peraoB  or  perigiu  did,  aa  he  be* 
lievef,  durin|[  his  abaeooeoo  a  walki  steal 
•way  I'roia  him  th  i  said  papers,  and  that  h* 
hath  neTer  sioee  been  able  to  gain  any  Intel- 
l^enee  ot  the  same. 

This  deponent  furthentaore  deelareth,  ditt 
saoh  thefts  or  trim  have  been  so  often  prae^ 
tised  upon  him  and  hw  eflTeets,  lint  he  doth 
no  longer  eonaider  any  part  of  his  proper^ 
safe  oatof  hi«  h*nda  fornpe  ndoment;  nor 
is  his  eomplaint  Mnfined  to  the  loss  of  pro- 
per^ alonei  but  of  time  idsa^  which  ia 
wholly  Uken  ap  k  seeking  one  stray  artiol* 
after  another. 

This  deponent  thereibre  prayeth  tbeeoairt 
to  take  into  its  most  serious  eoiMideratkM  tin 
uwoiMrenienQe  both  to  himself  ami  the  pab> 
lie,  whieh  results  from  theM  prMeedingsi 
and  tbiit  it  will  be  pleased  tp  tsike  such  stms 
as  it  May,  in  its  wisdom,  deeU  most  effra. 
tual  to.?prevent  the  reoorrenceof  the  said 
annuyance. 

THm  Jiffidaadtof  Simon  Sidrophel. 
This  deponent  maketh  oath  apd  8ail|i,thB( 
beHig  fQom  the  beginnipg  extremely  ^eai- 
rooa  to  eontnbnte  towarat  the  jupjpbit  of,' 
7%emfim'  mramk,  he  was  d^rmifi# 
to.aeareh  the  heavens  and|  the  e«i^  nNr.4 
sobjeet;  and  thereibre  betpgk  himself  (o  Uie' 
stady  of  the  globes,  In  hopes  of 'there  stuni*' 
Uing  qpon  aotaething  suitable  to  bii  purpose, 
The  deponent  devoted  his  Jrit itttntioa  to»- 
the  eelestial  globe,  and  fari^Ml^:  ki|fii|ed 
thf  amttance  of  ever;en|Milljrttig{ii-^tt^ 
ti^Jalineat^d,  but, without  suMeaa.  i  Tfift 
Cmi^  Bear  treated  him^  in  a  maini9f  too 
vim  to  be  repeated,  and  the  LitUe^eir 
ftpte  adntKul  eub,)  foUovred  hit  enunple. 
Tanrns  tcislea  himi  Aiies  butted  hiog^  and 
he  waa  tbmleft  .spjravliog1i«tweenCa»6tr  ind 
P^llttx.    This  qsaliel^s  pair  of  rogtua  pre- 
teiidiog  fiiendship,  l|^  the  deponent  oii^iai, 
pelwptn>ly,t}||  be^ndhimseiria  thoebkws 
of  Canteft  who  pindied  him  most  nnmerei- 
fully,  and  determined  him  to  have  nothing 
more  to  do  with  the  oonstelltitions  of  die 
Zodiac.    Pegasus  was  the  next  whiphapf 
peared,  and  the  deponent,  withont  nWe 
900,  resolved  to  mount  him,  and  at  onee  to 
awieh  the  Chronielfr  by  a  tide  to  9«nitf«n» 
—but  this  attempt  had  near  cost  hin»J|k  11%, 
for  he  had  seareely  moqnted,  when  P%iMa 
threw  hiuk  elenn  over  his  head,  nfiMldisi^' 
^ted  his  r^  shoulder.    Ths  d^ttJiqiiniL 
ing  thus  sani<My  treated  in  MsW 
thi«  att(%-M|tiw(Mng  left  for  ii:b#l|»4.^. 
to  the  mmhi.    Here  he  may  be  aai#1b  hav^ 
trav»r«^  the  tenraqueooii  globe  in  aearah  af 
aw^eet^,  but  noitft  has  yet  offered  itoetfi 
Thi^cianejhi  baviiiig  made  this  deelaratlon, 
le«veAWi«aH      "  " 


rj<tt(ie««Qd  elemeney 


of  the  eonrt,  waakm  tm  flWigfcfctommi 
has  never  yet  appewed  in  th«  papOr«  not 
•ae  of  d)e0ii9tt«MrtorB  hascvvr  goat  ftrthR 
dHm  hia«eir.  iiiMardhor  niMlerfiwilitaf* 
port 

Tito  oourt  having  l«ltei4y  ttstifiod  «nn<f 
toaiis  of  kn^denee.  Ma  loidiMp  mmmi 
die  derk  to  anuiend  his  roadingb  «id  i^ijl 
dw  •onniMhieif  1^  eonsWcred  dio  nmmt- 
ing  OMnviti^M  aontniaiiig  better  repoMt 
dH#tl|ai»«hMi  die  eouti  bad  alrpni^  h^. 
The  aoinoeilair  auwerlng.  »Noipci^^ 
better,  bat  aoose  whiehl  trust  dM  ptim 
WW  dilnk  e«nial  to  diem«««d»w,**  U|  IM«,' 
ship  directed  that  the  time  anopatienae  of 
die  eottrt  sMiU  np  kioger  lie  ^  omwofspa. 
nly  teken  np,  and  proeeodod  to  §Am  the' 
fonowing  judgment: 

<'11l9tdi«  applicadon  for  f«n^indql- 
gene*  be  iNrfbscj^  and  that  die  defendants  ta| 
allowed  another  week  wher^  to  tvm  the 
promise  made  in  their  nan>«;  i^^  whiML 
any fturther deky w«s fwMdden on  nmS 
the  dii|ileasore  of  die  court  >* 

(^  Wednesday  erenhw  wae  perfinndl 
P#Me's  eetebtatedVome^f  of  die  £^^^ 

*^!^..*  i?Tj^'"?fW.  deasr^don V  fi 
SM*$|^t  by  Mr.  Beochey,  tii  die  character 
of  a  intor,  and  which  wmipi  great  Kn^me- 
meat  ':  ■■  ., 

Ae  the  Oranatis  Persoms  have  apt  yet 
appeKce«|  in  our  paper,  we  nor  jt^ 
theni.  tt-^t 

Old  Wilding,  Mr.Ni4 

Young  Witakig,  Captain  SABtn. 

PsirilHon,  lifr.^Mnr. 

Siv  James  Elliot,  Mr.WAXiiUK. 

WQHEir* 

Mils  Gttmdiam,  Mr.  RoMb 
Mi^Ckidfr^,  Mr.: 

mi*  W«% 

UBItyAHTS. 

Messrs.  HiUB  a^  BimnrAV. 

As  tuim  we  have  been  abie  tohMMrOt  tiili 
evenfaig's  entertainment  went  elT  even  bett^ 
'than  that  with  which  our  theatre  opened, 
and  win,  if  nos*ibiet  reeeived  with  nuMW 
rapturons  apnmne. 

The  JUdr  n  a  play  which  requires  eonst* 
dmMe  qoiekness  end  anbMaUon  hi  Ae  pw» 
fi^taMNMeri  and  fai  this  respect  so  moeh  did 
the  peribrmers  appear  at  home,  that  We  feel 
confident  they  may  now  attemnt  an*  pkMr 
which  die  dmttlBHljftk^aft^b.  ' 

It  is  aartitttierly  tilHskig  to  oJiai^i  tttt 
InteaWt  wbieli<d|«:iUna»«tk»paiiie«|Jflia  hi 
theee  pefftMhnwncciK  Ihe  very  pnMrMkMk 
of  Jie  dMsse4t«Mi  aoOfMH^  in  die  kiMrvalf 
bet9««n  ttiiffli*  M  <^die  state,  |m4»  ftr 
two'dlQfi  prr*iqu  to  eael|  ptav.  glv<^'  ciea- 
patkm  totnmy :  andthe  locttttig'iiciirttd  v» 


*      Vi 


•if 


-1^1 


-»{^l&i^SLl,aj^,.=-.^iiii„s«±ka. 


^^i#^«<«i!ti^»iyiMiy^ . 


26 


F^' 


•  repctkioa  of  thil  imaMmeiit  dnee  a  fort- 
nMit  daring  the  winter,  is  rare  to  prodooe  « 
reMBtion  and  TUriety  whieh  their  mindi 
cMeBtiallj  reqaire,  and  vhkh  it  might  have 
been  diAeult  to  eflbet  in  anr  other  waj. 

A  Mmg  by  Mr.  Palmer,  between  the  aets, 
being  the  onginal  produetion  of  an  author 
-who  ^a  himwif  "  Simon  Dogrellieat," 
waa  weU  reeeived  and  eneored.  We  shall 
•oatent  oarselves  with  repeating  oar  eQngra> 
tolatioBson  the  ability,  spirit.  Mid  gopdlia- 
niKMr,  with  whieh  our  theatrieal  amnse- 
ments  have  hitherto  been  eondueted,  and 
oar  hearty  good  wishes  for  their  long  And 
Meeessfut  eiMitinaanee. 

/T«  lAe  EdUor  qf  the  Winter  Chrmiele. 
^  Sn— -In  gomg  from  the  ships  towards  the 
observatory  the  other  day,  I  ehaneed  to 
staroble  on  a  bundle  of  papers.  On  exami- 
nalioD,  I  found  them  to  consist  of  a  number 
(tf  fragments  of  letters  and  odier  seran, 
some  m  pros^  and  some  in  verse,  evidently 
intende<l  to  fill  some  of  your  fotore  pages, 
bat  whieh  want  of  leisure  or  inelinatioa  bad 
prevented  the  author  from  finbhing.*  As  I 
oonsider  this  aeeideOt  likely  to  prove  a  sen- 
ousloss  to  youreolumns,  and  therefisre  to 
the  public,  unless  the  papers  be  returned  to 
tfie  owner  in  proper  timet  and.  as  I  know 
no  method  of  giving  them  pabiiei^,  so  ef- 
fectually aathmugh  the  mediom  of  your  ^ 
per  for  whieh  ttey  were  btended,  I  send 
you  comes  of  two  or  three  of  the  frHF>«i>t*> 
U  they  lie  befwe  me.  for  insertkm  if  jioa 
«Unk  proper.  Should  the  Uwfof  owner  of 
idle  and  papers  make  application  to  yte' for 
ttem,  I  will  endeavour  to  stuff  the  whole 
bundle  by  pieee.meal|pto  your  box,  on  the 
first  DOtiee^  are  pleased  to  give  to  your 
eoutnt  nader,  Rigbaui  Roak-abovt; 

FBABwnt,  No.  I. 
am^Having  puzzled  the  little  brains  I 
have,  to  no  porpoae,  fiir  a  fiwtnight,  I  did 

*  May  not  this  be  the  identieil  packet 
wbidll  Mr.  little-oare  Le»v»«boat  eon- 
eehrea  to  have  been  stolen  from  him.  (see  his 
afldav^)  but  which  may  in  reality  have 
^dimpitd  om  of  hia  poeket  daring  bis  walk  i 


at  length  attempt  the  other  day  to  tcrambiA 
nnpereeived  a  note  into  yonr  box ;  but,  after 
attempting  for  some  minutes  to  m»\te  it  fall 
into  the  Mit,  I  found,  to  my  utter  astoniah- 
ment,  that  it  refused  to  drop  through,  nnd 
actually  rose  again  as  oflen  as  I  attempted  to 
thmstltint  so  that,  after  repeated  endea« 
vours,  I  had  the  moitifieation  to  be  obliged 
to  withdraw  my  maiden  contribution,  oit 
hearing  a  footstep  approaching.  1  am  much 
at  a  loss  to  aeeount  for  this  extraordinary, 
and  to  me  alarming  phenomenon,  unless  it 
be,  that  in  the  present  eold,  and  therefore 
dense,  state  of  the  atmosphere,  it  must,  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  floating  bodies,  require 
Cromething  of  considerable  weight  to  fall  into 

Jour  box;  'whereas,  my  production  being,  as 
confess,  one  of  the  lighten  things  tanagina' 
ble,  rose  in  spite  of  my  endeavours,  and 
would  probably,  had  it  not  been  stopped  by 
the  housing,  have  S08.red  into  its  owii  native 
region  j  among  the  elouds.  Being  much  dis- 
conraged  by  this  first  attempt,  I  wish  iMiy  of 
your  learned  correspondents,  who  have  in- 
strueted  us  so  mneh  on  the  sulgect  of  intense 
cold  and  its  effects,  would  give  me  a  hint 
whether  the  phenomenon  I  have  alluded  to 
might  not  have  proceeded  from  some  other 
cause  than  mere  lightness.  At  all  events, 
should  my  first  apprehensioiu  prove  correct, 
I  will  emieavourto  take  example  fttmPhilo- 
Bophicus,  Philo-Oimus,  Philo-Somnus,  and 
the  rest  of  your  PhUo-eorrespondents  t  and 
have  no  doubt  I  shall  in  lime  be  able  to  pro- 
doee  somethihg  heavy  enoogh  to  piin  admis- 
aion  into  your  box,  and  perhips  even  to  de^ 
aerve  inaertioa  in  yoor  pagea. 

FBAomiiT,  No.  n. 

AdteifHteitmiii,*-1a  preparation,  and  short* 
ly  wHf  bd'eiraulued  i^tis,  fiir  the  benefit  of 
ill  coitribiitnn  to  TAe  ffeiAlfChr^nide, 
and  (ritwoirietely  tSba  younger  ones,  a  ^mplete 
ItIC  alpbabetieidly  arhii^,  of  the  most  ap« 
provra  anonymous  rignatures,  ad«nted  to 
every  anbjeet  that  is  likely  to  employ  the  pens 
of  the  saio  eontribntors,  by 

(As  the  author  could  not  find  a  sicnature 
fat;  this  advertisemenDt,  I  «m  afraid  this  pre- 
mised list  !■  in  no  very  forward  state.]| ' 


Theatre  Boyal,  North  Georgia.  ^ 

ON  WEDNESDAT,  DEClSMBBilT'l819,  «itt  be  Performed  the  Farce  of 

Tmii  CITIZEN. 

MEN. 

OldFbafM^   Mr.PABsv;  8lipJ»AwWJMIiig,   Mr.  Niij. 

BcMfert,  Mr.  WuoSm.   YooagPhilnoL  Mr.  Wi^.    «oanf  Wldhi|,  MnHofWM. 

Di^,   Blr.GUmiMr^QailMrive,   Mr.  BoMtAir.       WW,  Sir.  mx«i. 

.    VOMBM." 
Mari^   Mr.SoQnn.  Cm^uu,   Mr.  Bom. 

TTitJ  Mitt>r  |liwwiii>inTinnnt  nf  nnngi  hrtirrnh  fhfr  flfifi 

pom  t»  be  9pm§44itMa^iim$»t  ««»<*«  Curftrfn  wi»  Hn  firth's  «*  «•*«"  ^*^- 


Jv,  . 


rther  day  to  tcramUA 
I  yonr  box ;  but,  after 
linutet  to  mnke  it  fall 
to  my  utter  astonish- 
to  drop  through,  and 
ften  at  I  attempted  to 
ifter  repeated  endea* 
Seationto  be  obliged 
lien  contribution,  on 
oaehing.  1  am  mack 
for  this  extraordinary, 
benomenon,  unless  it 
It  eold,  and  therefore 
Bosphere,  it  must,  ae- 
loating  bodies,  reqiiire 
kbie  Vieig^t  to  fall  into 
f  produetion  being,  as 
ghteu  things  Imagina' 
myendeHTOurt,  and 
not  been  stopped  by 
ed  into  its  own  native 
ids.  Being  much  dis- 
ttempt,  I  vish  iMiy  of 
[idents,  who  have  in- 
the  sulgeet  of  intense 
onid  give  me  a  hint 
non  I  haTe-alliided  to 
ided  from  some  other 
»'ess.  At  all  events, 
lensions  prove  correct, 
e  example  Anm  Philo> 
s,  Philo-Somnus,  and 
kcbrrespondents  t  and 
n  Um«  be  able  to  pro- 
endngh  to  gain  admis- 
i  peniftps  even  to  deo 

T,  Mo.  n. 

preparation,  and  short* 
tktis,  Ibr  the  benefit  of 
!%t  ffeeklf  ChrOdclet 
anger  ones,  a  ^mplete 
ki^d,or  die  most  ap« 
ignatures,  ad«pted  to 
tely  to  employ  the  pens 
B,by 

Id  not  find  a  sicnatore 
,  I  «m  afraid  this  pro* 


•••M  •••  ••••.•••••••• 


No.  YL— MONOaY,  DECEMBER  9,  1819. 


formed  the  Farce  of 


Ta  the  EtStor  of  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

SiH— A  remark  which  appeared  in  yonr 
nrst  Number,  that  you  were  willing  to  "  ad- 
rait  qoestions  which  may  exercise  ihelncenaity 
of  your  readers,"  Ico,,  has  encouraged  meto 
propose  One,  which,  perhaps,  may  be  con- 
sidered as  answering  that  description.  It  is 
•aW  that  htstimees  have  oconrred  of  the  sink- 
rfS^'*^*  "^  this  in  sets  (fill?  example,  those 
or  Spitzbergeo  a6d  Davl^  Straiu)  nearly  as 
Hit  as  tho  main  ocean,  and  of  which  the 
temperature  i^  seldom  Or  rtfever  more  than 
t«n  degrees  abovo  the  freesing  point  of  aalt- 
vater.  It  is  evide&t.  thM  the  rae  rannot  sfaik 
till  its  specific  gravity  exteed  that  of  the  flhU 
la  which  it  is  immienied.  I  shoald  he  ghid 
to  be  infbniie«1  by  any  Of  your  eoiinespon-p 
denu,  by  what  possible  cOnlhiriatiori  Of  eir- 
comstanees  so  ondMal  *  eondUSoa  mMt  be 
brodght  about. 

I  atti,  Mri  Editor,         , 
Ice.  be.  tec, 

SCBPTICCa. 


^  at  SntHtfclKk. 


J^Oe  Editor  0/ the  mnter  Chronicled 

Mr.  Evn^oa— I  wish  yoa  well-indeed  1 
*»-*ot  the  fMM  I  try  to  eoaopose  any  thing 
»r  the  paper,  the  more  4t«pid,lfi9d,ii|yseir» 
Heing  desirous,  however,  to  <met  my  horaUe 
aerviees  HI  some  way  or  other,  this  is  to  in- 
form you,  that  I  an^  a  ti4enAle  hand  at  mak- 
ing peas,  dioq|h  httt  «o  indifferent  ooe  at 
wngthemi  and  ieanaot  help  tbinkiuL  thiit 
I  might  be  of  use  to  setertil  ofyoar  CkMrres^ 
pondents,  for  I  jndge  by  thebr  style,  that 
aotne  dftMm  write  with  too  hard  tt  pen,  and 
some  «lth  aver;  soil^  one.  1  eooldineMlon 
thro  I  or  fnir,  wtaae  erimped  manner  indi- 
eates  a  devllsh  stiff  tatt,  Mn  Editor,  and  as 
■»«>y,»l»o«  P«B«  have  eertidnly  no  point  at 
aU.  I  eoofoss  that  tbOpens  of  most  Of  ymir 
CorretpMidtflitineqaim  Ihde  or  no  mend- 
ioR,  hat  eseti  the^ii'  thena  wodid  not  be 
the  worst  for  a  freah'nib^wbieh  might,  per. 
haps,  se$  theia  tf^^oing  vHb  ftcih  vigootw 
■0  If  voa  dMMwe  to  enpNy  i»e  jn  H&mr. 
yon  shdl  be  weleonae  «l»tf^  Kitmbleservieea 
of 

FortbeJI'htUrCkrmiek. 
To  the  Right  HoMnrable.  the  hoti  Chief 

JnsUee,  Mtd  the  Wonhipfhl  Court   of 

Common  8^,  tb^^morial  of  J«arina. 

dakeTfim,Ronhrierofpteadhi|ii;tM.fco. 
Humbly  sheweth. 

That  by  the  exere'uK  of  the  jwid  eallfitt^ 
yoor  memorialist  hathHvea,1iii«id  ewSt 
Md  report,  ontil  the  Imt  week,  vfaen  year 

D 


memorialist  discovered,  in  the  publieiMipersi 
a  statement  of  your  loidship's  decision,  pur- 
porting to  have  been  taken  by  himaelf.  In  a 
cause  recently  pendhig,  belwe  your  lordship 
and  this  honorable  court;  whehw^ on  tlie 
day  aforesaid,  your  memorialist  was  confined 
at  home  by  urgent  business.  Your  memo- 
rialisl  bath  since  discovered  the  decision 
above-mentkmed  to  have  been  erraneonsly 
suted,  as  year  lordship  then  declared  that 
defendants  were  entitkd  to  indulgence;  and, 
in  your  goodness^  were  aceordiiM|iy  tdiwsed 
to  grant  them  such  further  delay  aa  they 
mighl  themselves  think  requisite : 

That  the  said  ineonrcctoess,  arishig.  as 
voiir  memorialist  beK«ves,  fi^m  the  repMter 
tea<Htog  the  court  before  the  dtfeisianwas 
gWeii,  is  most  mnosthr  attriboted  to  Voar 
memoriaHst ;  and  lie  finds  It,  tberefttre,  im- 
possible to  void  partfadlaf'spetehtertf  eele- 
brated  ceunsellora,  eoe^Mdm  Of  pr^onen. 
&o.  &o.,  as  beratofore,  among  h&  metOo, 
the  hawkers,  ballad-slM^rs,  Iw.,  tbfM  ien<^ 
tiemenhaviiigtiikMdgiiceat  IflaT^"^ 
w«nt  of  veracity,  and'he  is^  hi  fiwt.  > 
thrown  oat  of  emplOjhlDent.  ': 

That  these  disikershariiig  beftllt^  ytidr 
raemMifolitt,!  n  eomequeilee  of 'il»  IMtKttMi 
d«  of  hh  ««»«^  th«  £r  t^^m^fS 
memorialist  huilMtlMieli  that^kdrfiiS. 
ahlp^#lll  b*  ideasiif^to  i«l«  ^tWSS;, 
im  bill  of  damages,  such  mmt  Aa  your  fej>^ 
ship  shall  consider  a  snfll^nttcinaneratlon 
and  compel  the  said  fietitiolism^rimto 
par  tbeaame^  or  else  to  take  yborii^ol 
rnlistVwilb,  and  six  hangrytntiuoff  hk 
bands. 

And  year  Memorialist  will  ever  pni^ 
«ce.  IkclM. 

Taor.'- 

Bitt  •/l)antage9referredtoinlhe^gtlHg 

Toasevire  fit  of  head.acli,on  reeeivioB 
news  ofthe  sad  affair.  /* 

To  a  two  houra'  lecture  fhmi  my  wife,  for 
daring  to  be  sick  without  her  leav/.       ' 

?P^''£??iot7^'^*^  •"  "^'^ 

To  the  rme  f-  .^o  femAle  belfaid^siHgera. 
a  bankruptbe.        render,  and  a  do*  with! 

To_Uie  iosa  of  fitrty-eMit  howi'  sleep 
ah«a4y,  arid  the  probable  Toss  of  as  munr 
more.  ' 

To  the^fiare  of  a  broken  nose,  tiro  black 
eyes,  and  aseratched  face,  received  front  mr 
wife (br  letting  her  ttdOe e6iii|rln stove 


k^ 


^^m^^^m^^i"'^  ■ 


^^j^^tmmwmmm'Kio^ts^M 


'■.■™  Wr^-  ^  ' 


28 


To  toUl  loM  of  bwinen,  impedinmU, 
nbrtruQlioni,  Ice.  fce.  eauied  by  the  mid 
fraud. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 

WANTED,  a  middle  aged  Wottu,  not 
above  thirty,  of  good  eharaeter,  to  iniit  in 
drewHng  the  ladiea  at  the  theatre.  Her  aa- 
hit^vrUI  be  handaomei  and  ahewili  be  al- 
lowed tea  and  anall  beer  Into  thfe  banain. 
None  neefi  apply  but  aueh  aa  are  perwetly 
aeq^ainted  with  the  buaioeaa,  and  ean  pro- 
d^ee  .  undeniable  refereaeea.— A  lint  ad- 
dr^aaed  to  the  Committee  wHI  be  dniy  at- 
teu4^  to.— N.  B.  A  widow  will  be  pre- 
lt;i<red. 

WANTED  immediately,  a  few  BALES 
cf  READY  VVlT.  done  au^in  amall  pareela 
for  t^e  plater  Chrtidclt.  TM*  artiele  being 
aearof(  m ,  l^  market,  a  good  prioe  mar  be 
dependwl  on.  Siinplea  will  be  reewred  by 
AJ9.>  agent  to  tb«!  Editor.  ^ 

Pleaae  tio  i^^  oia  or  beforf  Thoradi^ 
evening  ni»xt.  ...,->,,  , 

,,,        ,.  s  ......,-vr^.  -'■■'■■  "^-  ■■■■  i   '     . 

L.pSi;„on  M&oday  cveniiw  jwt.bf»wewi 
UieUwo  a^,al»A  III^  ofalETtESl^  nv- 
iiq;  an  WKOunt  of  tl  praeeiodiBga  of  the  Esr 
n^itiOB,  with  othei  ii^«t*»  of  a  privat*  iw- 
ture,  »^  beginning  *r]4y4eareat  8«Mo.*frf 
WMBoprj^  fiHSS  tlmpamf, IB  refneitedlo 
ad%4|»Ut.AlWpabw.  _ 

■  'M.%  TiifleUiiFiaor  am  mm  toaoy  bo^f 
h^thf  owner,  v.,. 

l^,lflCH0l«AS  KNOCKDOWN,  at  the 

OhpervatflfT*  on  the  oOMeat  day  k»  Japttaiy 

next, 

A  qUANXranr  oCNANKBEN,  the  pro. 
per^  of  a^gatttlemai^  who  eapeemd  to  get 
into  theiPaeifie  in  Sentemer  laat. 

\<*  Flanneiaand  forawai  be  gladly  taken 
aa  part  payment. 

,  ACCIQEKTS,  OFFENCES,  fcc- 

iJ?afitr<%—Thi8  morning  CanitVulpe»''t 
a  K^te  prisoner,  ^ho  had  men  ccnfihed  in 
the  Barrel  aueeeeded  ineffeeting  his  eaeape» 
by  breaking  the  ehaii)  with  which  it  tid  hien 
fiMBd<neeeiiwy  t6seeure  him,ttn«t%ent  i^ 
with  it  app«[ided  to  hia  nedc.  An  immedi)* 
9tot  4bMtth  flAritleaS)  iHirauit  waa  made^but 
it  ia  Iroped  ha  will:OMlflnv«aeape  the  vi(^t 
ig^ofelji'^iae. 

Two  P.M .li-^liieiir  oorHidonli,  Don  Car* 
lof,  who  haajust  i^eturned,  saw  the  priaoMsr 
in  etoae  aoBfireMe  with  the  pM^erMd  trar. 

*  A  foK  escaped  from  Uie  Griper  on  tiiiat 
day. 
f  A  ikig  named  Carlo. 


tor,  CanitlAitat*,  and  hia  wife;  bat  he  ao 
caiwfolly  avoioed  aurpriie,  that  the  Don  had 
no  epportuniQr  of  aarvinjr  the  warrant  with 
whiehhewaaeharged.  Be  gidned,  however, 
aome  important  mtelligenee,  having  over- 
heard the  late  nriaoner  diaelonng  to  his  eom< 
panioAa the  vanooa seenes  whiehHe  had  late- 
ly witnessed.  He  deseribed  the  save  in 
whieh  he  waa  eonfined  aa  bhabited  hy  ani- 
mala  standing  aprigftt  on  tbefar  hind  legs,  who 
were  sdmoat  always  anting;  that  notwith- 
atanding  their  fimmdable  appearanoe,  he  be- 
lieved  Uiem  to  be  a  very  timid  raee;  for  that, 
every  morning,  he  saw  a  great  many  of  these 
ereatores  meet  together,  and  all  atunee,  up- 
on hearing  a  diarpjdirill  ndse,t  whioh  he 
thouriit  was  made  by  some  other  animal  thejr 
stood  in  great  terror  o^  they  ran  away  and 
hid  themaelvea  in  another  em  they  had  un- 
der dm  first;  •»<  he  stoDngly  maisted  on  it 
that  this  noise  was  n^  kalf  so  terrifio  as  that 
of  Oonjt  la^.  His  spleen  waa^  hnweter, 
more  partieularly  direeted  against  one  whieh 
he  supposed  was  a  enb,  who  had  not  yet 
learned  to  walk  npr^|^  aa  he  alwamwent 
on  an  foura;  hia  spite  arose,  he  saM*fram 
thia  little  ereatote  maUof  faees  and  growl- 
ii»,  and  doing  all  ho  eould  to  anncqr  him, 
whenever  he  put  his  head  out  of  the  hole 
in  the  side  of  hn  eave.  The  eonforenee  end- 
ed by  a  mnttml  ^reementto  seize  this  nn- 
fortnnate  animiri«  aaaoon  as  ot^ortunitf  of- 
fered, from  whom  they  «^peeted  to  learn 
iMMW  of  the  prowMs  and  hidtlu  of  their  new 
fbea  t  and  for  tfiispnrpoiea  varie^ofsthita- 
gema  Were  proposed,  wldeh  wHl  pMfaddybe 
^inexeeutkn. 

"  ■■'■'     F&rike  fVmsr  Chnmlek. 

A  raouo^  OP  home. 

litfruiT  woman's  the  pride  of  obr  Isle;, 
With  Beau^'i  soft  Image  imprest, 

pQOdlv  Ml^tared  wejKse  on  her  smiw, 
TO  hlirmoinriooth^tke  breast! 

Tlie  rdsie4Nid\  ynat^  opening  dye. 
And  the  |ily's  pure  vesture  she  wears ; 

Bntthe  love-beaminc  lluice  of  her  eye, 

,  With  lilies  nor  vm»  eomparea. 

BomMcmtaNaturwhirlow'hBtBmaypabit 

With  thiftnres  of  Aram  lud  gold, 
Yet  their  Ittstre  shinca  dimfy  and  faint, 

T91  iun'ib^afw  4mMp  splendour  onfold: 
So  ^e  nuM  dMmittgfirt^  that  dwelt 

In  a  bosom  enehantiiigly  fair. 
Bid  tot  boioM  mOM  bMMReoualy  awelt 

The  woea  of  another  to  share. 

In  those  virtnes  we  happ1ne<s  feel ; 

TlusfMi^  of  oiw- traniipart,  below. 
Not  the  MuuMM  of  tht^fea  ««n  ireveil ; 

Prom  die  mind,  oMtt-«mtfhantment  ronst 

.  ;  .low.  

*  WiolvM  w«re  tttaa  eeen  abw>*  the  sbipa 
diiirh^  the  witttiiH'. 
t  '*Hi$  hoaiawain  piping  to  breakfast. 


29 


IV  hen  lorrawi  intrade  Oii  oar  peM«, 
When  wrong  by  mxietT**  wound. 

Her  endearmeoto  prooore  at  releaw ; 
How  aweet  U  her  tenibmew  foand  i 

Man  it  gifted  with  firnnefi  of  miod. 
In  dangen  sod  triampM  to  ihart. 


But  eaeh  beaobr  nd  loAneM  eombined , 

OiitiagnWi  the  ktreljr  and  fair  i 
All  the  loul-winniiiK  graees  and  love* 

On  BriUinl  fiilr  fontatept  attend ; 
And  when  Beauty  too  tranclent  remove* 

With  the  Virtoea,  above,  they  thall  bleod. 


JVr  the  Winter  Ckrmdde. 

«*  Com  widte  for  the  paper,"  the  Editor  eries, 

(I 'Tia  Tbonday— my  boB  hat  no  atnfflag." 
End  dien  your  box,  u  at  preaent  It  lie*, 

la  Jatt  like  my  head,  a  mere  pafflia ! 

I  have  not  one  jot,  or  one  atom  of  brain, 

At  tbia  preaent  moment  of  writing) 
Andwhilatlaodreadfallyatupldremafai,  > 

Tianonaenae  to  tUnk  of  inditing. 

Should  a  aoMTt  wiffir  thought  ever  happen  to  l%ht. 

By  deaign  or  by  raanee  on  my  akoll. 
Too,  then,  may  rely  odH  111  inatontW  write, 

Aod  jnat  giv«  yoa  the  sutgeot  in  fall. 

liRvu-BKua  LicK'wn. 


.^ 

■s/' 


RefiectioM  on  teeing  the  Sun  tetfor  a  Period  of  three  Months, 

Nffoemher^  1819. 

BooBD  yon  glorinaa  orb,  whoaefbebla  ray 
BCodu  the  proud  glare  of  Summer^  liveber  day  t 
Hi*  MMD^ide  beam  ahot  opward  thro*  the  aky, 
Searoe  giU*  the  vanlt  of  Ueaven'ablae  eanopy— 
A  fidnter  yet,  and  yet  a  fUnter  light— 
And  lo !  he  leavea  ua  now  to  one  long  eheerleaa  a^t ! 

And  ia  U*j|loripm  eoqras  fiw  ever  o^er! 
And  ha*  he  aet  iadeed~to  riae  no  more  r 
To  ua  no  more  ahall  Sprinf^a  enlivening  beam, 
Unloek  t^e  fbuntaina  of  the  fetter'd  atream— 
No  more  the  wHd  bM  earol  throuj^  the  d(y. 
And  eheer  yon  moontoiaa  with  rode  melody ! 
•       •'•••••• 

Onee  more  ahall  Spring  her  energy  reaume. 
And  ehaae  the  horrora  of  thia  whitry  gloom— 
Onee  more  ahaU  Sammiar'a  animating  ray 
Enliven  Katnre  with  perpetual  day-- 
Yon  lodhat  orb,  wii^aelf-inherent  light 
Shan  rhe,  and  dini^te  the  «hadeB  or  night. 
In  peeileaa  q^endonr  rc-poaaeaa  the  aky, 
■-■   AnddiSaebcenovatadmiyea^. 

la  yon  deputing  brbmethinka  I  aee  ',.,  j 

A  econtarpart  of  frail  niartali^. 

baMem  of  maa !  when  Hfelt  deeliafatg  aoa 

Proclaima  tUh  awful  truth,  «  ThjT  m»  it  run !" 

Hto  ann  onOe  *etr-4to  bright  eSblgenee  gone, 

Alt,  allla  darknea»-«*  U  ne'er  had  ohoaa ! 

Yet  not^  etwr  la  man^  gloiy  ted. 
Hi*  name  for  ever  *  nambered  with  the  dead*—- 
.  Like  yon  bri^t  orb,  th'  immorUl  part  of  maa 

SUall  end  hk  glory,  aa  it  flrat  btwin,— 
liEeHiia,  eneUfdi^iaeeleaUJlight,    , 
Shall  rite  triumphant  *mida  the  ahaile*  of  nigh^ 
Her  native  enor^a  again  reaume, 
Dttpt  the  ditjl^  #lciter  of  the  wnb. 
And,  bidding  dAft  with  all  ita  terroreflr. 
Bloom  b  perpetual  Spring  thro' all  oteralty ! 


.h,\ 


>.» 


a  ■ 


H     V 


■mf^^' 


' '  '|)MWWEBHiiawifc'a'jJH.a!Ea 


30 


•  •• t  »••••• •• ••■ •••• 


No.  VIL^MONDAY,  D£CEMBER  n,  1819. 


Mb.  EBiToa^Tboa(h  I  hive  wit  the 
pleuurt!  of  your  penoiuu  MqnainUnM,  v«t 
tbt)  taTonralAe  impmtian  1 W9  rawhmi  of 
your  hanumhy  wMn  yoa  iottrtbred  to  wt« 
tne  I'roia  tbetonMirwIopentioareeominviid- 
od  by  PhikMo^hieiu,  emboldena  me  Ui  apply 
to  ymi  tor  adviee  in  a  ea^e  where  not  Only 
my  tuir,  bat  ikin,  oaroaw  and  all  are  in 
danger,  amidit  the  borron  of  Winter,  of 
being  redaeed  to  aihes. 

You  mutt  know  then.  Sir,  that  a  eertain 
gentleman,  (whom  I  will  not  deacribe  to 
you  as  a  sedate  looking  tort  of  a  man,  wkh 
a  thin  face,  and  so  on,  beeause  that  m%ht 
seem  to  result  (him  ili-natnre,)— this  gen- 
tleman I  say.  Sir,  takes  partieiilar  del%ht, 
when  I  am  sleeping  before  tho  fire,  in  put- 
ting a  hot  einder  under  my  th^,  and  then 
laughs  most  heartily  t6  sett  ma  ran  awajr, 
holding  it  but,  froih  the  sense  of  pain,  tmtil 
I  amfully  awake.  Now,  Sir,  I  have  endur- 
M^  tins  and  similar  trieksibr  some  time,  and, 
though  often  meditating' retaliationj  I  dare 
not  execute  it,  as  the  result  of  biting  his 
legs,  besides  perhaps  bre'akiuK  my  teeth 
against  the  bones,  would  be  hanishment  firom 
ti>«  fire-sMe,  and  I  would  submit  tb  any  in- 
dignity rather  than  forfeit  so  great  an  adran* 
tage. 

I  darie  uy  you  participate  somewhat  in 
my  feelings;  bnt  to  put  the  case  autre 


■tRNigly,  suppose,  Bfr.  Editori  aomawlgh^ 
when  yoa  were  sunk  hi  sound  apose,  shoohl 
chip  a  hot  eonl  antler  you  1  Now,  this  was 
just  my  case  the  other  night;  and,  aal  am 
a  poor  helpless  hmooent*  u  you  ean  inform 
me  how  I  can  obtain  revenge,  eonsistently 
with  my  interest,  oi'  eseape  the  future  per- 
seeotioa  of  my  tormentor,  yoa  will  confer  a 
deep  obligation  on 

PmCBBB. 

"Hieatre  Royal  North  Ceorgia, 

On  Wednesday  evening,  r'le  FAree  of 
The  Cmxeli  was  played  artth  a  spirit  and 
sneeess  fully  equaUinjg.  the  expectations  M 
whiebiflie.fbrmcc  pf  r^rmaiuni^  a|  this  Aea- 
b%  had  (^ven  rife.  .  Waeapoot  omit  to  no- 
tice eipeciairy  the  animation  and  effeet  with 
which  the  ver^  difieult  scene  waa  earrie< 
through,  in  which.  Old^ipot  is  discovered 
under  the  table  in  Coriniw's  lodginpi  dur- 
ing alt  this  scene  the  noose  was  Kept  In  con- 
tinual laughter. 

Two  songs  were  introduced  at  intervals-- 
the  well-known  one  of  «  Arthur  (^Brad-^ 
ley,"  by  Mr.  Beecbey,  and  a. new  song 
written  for  the  oeeaaion,  and  sung  by  Mr. 
Palmer,  to  the  tune  of  <*  The  Bay  of  Biscay 


Theatre  Royal,  Nortli  Georgia. 

ON  THURSDAY,  DECBMBfeB  2d;  I8t9. 

Will  be  peiibrmed  Garridc'k  eelehrated  Faroe  of 

THE  MAYOR  OF  OAtlBATT. 

MEN..'-'       '    ,.- 
Sir  Jacob  Jollup,        Mr-Niaa.  Mi^  Stot^geon,    Mr.  BtmnrAV^ 

Jerry  Sneak,  Mr.  BncBsr.  Brain,  Mr.  WAUntAX. 

Crispin  Heelti^,       Mr.  HiruB.  Matthew  Mug,       Mr.PAUT. 

Lhit,  Mr.  BaVfiBUT.  Snaffle,  Mr.  GRunna. 

WOMBN. 
Mrs.  Sneak,  Mr.  Hoorb.  Mrs.  Brain,       Mr.  Rosa. 

.     M<4>,  &c.  Ice. 
After  which  will  be  represented,  ah  entire  new  Musical  Entertainment,  written 
expressly  for  the  occasion,  called 

THE  NO]|TH- WEST  PASSAGE  r 

TME  roTJioi  rimsmo. 

MEN.. 

Seamen  o/*  the  BtcUx. 
Tom,       Mr.  Nua.       Harry,,      Mr.  GBiittna.       Bill*       Mr.  Pauibr. 

&amen  o/(ft«GMAp*. 

Jack,       Mr.  Hofrinni»  Dick,      Mr.  Wionux. 

I^andlord,  Mr.  BmnaAB,  Brother  to  Sosan,  Mr.  Hvu».    An  Esquiannx,  Mr.  HtnM* 

.    -     VOMEN.     ,  ,  ^■'''' 

Susan,       Mr.  Heiinii.  Nl,       Mr.  Boas. 

Doora  wilt  be  opened  at  HalC  past  Sbi,  and  the  Cartain  will  rise  at  SeTeae^eloek  precisely. 


~T~wr^' 


SI 


••••#•••••••** 


ADTERTI$EMENTS. 

^  WANTS  A  PLA^.a  Gentleaum,  who 
wtti  nndertak*  to  write  DOGGRBL  VBS- 
8ES  fbr  tlM  rHBATBB  or  NBWSPA- 
FEB.  WUI  aoolnM  to  write  bj  the  fbot, 
yard,  erfitthom. 

PtaMe  to  applj  to  O.  P.,  next  doortoCh 
Frkitin|  Oflee.  No  eomieKiea  with  Siinoa 
BWRKJIiaui^  Albert  orQ. 

WANTED,  fiir  the  on  Of  the  Feribm- 
en.  a  aOMideraUe  PORTION  of  A88UR. 
ANCEt  aho  a  qoaati^  of  aonnd  ntantire 
■■•"!"7»  (forr^alra)  at  ner  yard.  Any 
apadraaa  poMekw  a  MtoeraboadaMe  of 
thew  reqoidtea  will  Go  treated  with  m  libe- 
ral terou. 

Apply  to  the  GoMadttM. 

AN  AflMteor  it  dcaitMa  of 
GOOD  VOICB.  with  i«M 
nMMgemeat 
^AppliMttioa  to  be  made  at  the  Glob  Boom, 
P4»«treei,  priof  to  Chriytnaa  Ete. 

ACEEABRATBD  Liter  nbanetor 
hat  proetued,  during  an  exeunioh  amooc 
the^Sian,  Mine  *ety  BBIGHT  IDEAS; 
vhlah  hemeanstoKibmittothehnpeetioii 
of  hie  Meadaandthepablie,  tai  theeoane 
af  the  eMBliig  week  "^ 

A  GBNTLEMAK.  kbooriog  nnder  the 
BBeonyeaieMe  of  ah  inerMtweorporatibo, 
32""  ""^J^Jfe  VOTE  and  INTEWr  at 
Iheti^tCITY  EUBCnON  toanyperm 
wnwring  the  eompteint  wMwot  a  vMnetion 

J**^l«n  nay  be  obtahied  at  the  Pttvp 
"•~~  Bath. 


fbr'ito 


-l^ST.  Stolen,  or  Stngr«d,  a  WHITB 
^OX^  with  a  tang  tail  and  a  longeedtaijit 


be  toaaewhere  on  the  tdand,  or  on  the  ioe  in 
itt  imnuidhte  neighboorhood,  he  mi^  eaiily 
be  found. 
AddreM  to  G.  E.  No.  8,  North  Georgia. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  who  haa  eMbavnor- 

ed  to  begnite  the  tewous  wintry  hows  in 
praetiting  loaie  pieees  of  muie,  preaented 
to  hia>  by  a  fidraod  mnah  etteemed  friend, 
hating  been  pedttUariy  vnibrtonate  ia  break« 
ingthe  ttrinnof  hfeTiolin,  wishes  to  par- 
ehaaeONEof  the  FBLINB  SPECmS,  to 
order  to  replaee  (hem. 

Inqviry  to  be  made  at  the  Aeademy  of 
Atta  and  Seimeea. 


aiiaweia  totha 


OtJack.    AsheranM 


LEFT,  behind  the  gaenea,  idker  the 
pertomunce,  on  Wedncaday  evening,  a 
BOX,  eontaming  a  pareel  of  eoafitt,  two 
bdttlea  of  lavender  water,  a  nvall  paehet  of 
rooM,  aome  white  powder,  five  artifieial 
teem,  one  pair  of  eye-browi,  three  lam 
moitoahioa,  with  whiiken  to  eorrc^^ondt 
sixteen  papers  of  eoart  plaster,  a  silver  thim> 
ble,  ma^  E.  R.,  a  pair  of  ladies'  garter^, 
senm  gold, ringh  Willi  varioaa  stones,  one 
having  the  deviee  of  two  hearU  transfixed 
with  an  arrow,  three  smeilbgbattlnsb  a  |Mhi< 
eoshion,  a  pah*  of  enrUngjIraot,  severs!  Mt- 
tl«a  of  roae-water,  and  varions  other  per* 
fanPMMi  with  a  nomber  of  smaller  artiolea, 
among  whieh  is  a  reoipe  for  promotiag  the 
growthofahewd. 

The  onrnermay  have  it  again,  hy  d<!serib- 
ing  the  box,  on  applieatioo  at  the  Greea- 
rpom  Of  the  Theatre. 

T»  a*  EiUor  •/the  muter  Chrtnicle. 
Sibf-^  beg  to  eorreet  an  error  whieh  has 
erept  into  Uie  third  page  of  yoor  last  Nnm- 
fier,  nndcfi'tfie  heart  oTaeaidentf^  offimees, 
tta.    The  prison  from  whieh  the  stote  pri- 
soner therein  mentioaed  made  his  eseape, 
Waenot theJErctrre/,  botthe /%e«. 
Toan^  Ite. 
FiTifujb  FinrnxB,  ^Bart. 


JPw  the  mnter  Ckrmkle. 


THE  GBSEN.ROOM,   OR  A  PEEP  BEHIND  THE  CURTAIN. 

/:      .  .  I.      ..  ■  ..^    ■        ■■ 

Con  Hittoaatoty  iw  Mtose  w(MM;«^b^ 

A  Mory  4w  tM%  win  leroeraber,  % 
To  tell  it  in  v«rte,  she  has  pouled  her  pate  t 
<Th a saeae  thit oeeorred  in  NorthOeorgto-*hte 

One  evening  in  gtoomy  Deecmber. 

•       :  H. 

Tim  nta^  and  thib  mdon  had  inomhied  the  hnr. 

Not  a  leaf  on  tht  mdQBtoin-top  trembled , 
The  wolf  eeaaad  hH  bowling^  and  eaeirtMirU%  rU 
Bad  AifFgotten  to  mdrmdi',  as  fi«ken  ttreuns  wilt, 
Mm  a  MWiid  eonidJiehMrd,  fiw^idl  natore  stood  still, 

W^  the  |%iM»  tin  gi«M4«om«namHed. 


jijit-ji^-  .  ■>-  ;  -^..arj^-^^'.jyt-.yii^^ 


S9 


M  •••••••  M«M***«  • 


p.. 


h 


III  * 

Fint«ldD«ddf  Flitlpot'miMtottwiaf  in,     • 

At  Ull  •nd  M  sUf  u  •  hoDHMick, 
Whh  wo-b«|QM  TiM|t,  Ikok  •hops  lad  loo|  dib, 
He  for  aU  Um  world  lookM  like  the  pktan  of  8i», 

Or  Ifte  «  DMili't  iMad  OB  a  mop-Miek ! 

IV. 

«•  Adwwiu  !'*  qttotfi  Ifarii,*  •*  thh  bodj  wont  meet » 

'•  Hew  die  dtMO  dnll  I  e'er  get  njr  MMh  on  r 
••  TImmo  tboeiare  tooelnnuy  hjhtMtatmf  fMtr— 
*•  So  dp  what  I  will  I  ihell  neter  look  nett,  <  t 
"  It% enoth  to  pt  Job  in  »  poMtenl" 

V.  r'y 

thraoomea  the  joang  Ck,*  bi  h  !•  eoet  of  light  graoo, 

(JVbMi  btn»t  't*<w  "Md*  of  a  eortain  J 
.     UiwAtnweityeoaattaigJMmMdandjr,  Iweeni 
Soeh  a  medley  ot  flnory  noTer  wai  teea, 

At  thh  end  of  the  town,  Ian  eeftahk 

■'■  *.  VI. 

«•  Ton  Ton,"  erieaCorlma,  **  oonelaee  up  1117  itay*, 

<•  Bnt  tiMk  nf  ablrt  enrefullj  flrat  in." 
Ton  pullM  till  Coriana  kok'd  red  in  the  faec, 
Bnt  die  bore  it,  aweetMNil,  with  a  very  good  graee. 
Wheat  bonnee !  went  an  cye^ia  bole^  eraek  wept  the  Mee^ 

Twat  like  a  r^  gooaiheny  bontbig ! 

VIL 

Then  enter  poor  Bea«fiiH,  with  look  ■eprafamd, 
YonMhaioawamho  was  tionbiod  With  phthiMat 

•«  Yon  kwk,  air?'  anoth  Moll,  <•  Ukoaahoep  in«  pound, 

*•  Or  a  aOldUv  atort,  of  a  nilor  ffronnd. 
**  Ot  a  nookiy  abowk  to  tdn  piytie!'<t 

Vllt 

And  here  mjr  poor  Mtow  it  in  ntter  detpak'. 

To  reoord  half  the  pother  nnaUe, 
Sneh  bottle  and  tadket,  and  uproir  were  there, 

?M  eannot  i)nd  mght  that  may  wkh  ic  ooittpani 
et,  atnr-vaayoueTeratBartlen/fidrf 
«  'Twat  a  downright  theatrical  Baku. 

.,       /       .   IX.         , 

«*  You've  Ueed  me  to  ti^t,  1  deelara  I'm  half  dead," 

<*Popb,  ntntenae,  makehaite,  patyoorahoeton.  ^ 

♦•  Where  the  devill  my  wig  ?*--•«  Why,  a  top  of  nor  Uad." 
**  Who  ean  lendine  a  pinw  or  a  needle  and  thread? 
«•  I  with  it  wat  over,  and  I  magb  bed." 
,  Happy  tcene6r  theatric  eonnuion! 

X. 

Bnt  tee  1  the  eonfoden  drawt  near  to  a  dote. 
And  the  Mnae  bu  near  done  her  kiditiai. 
The  pafaiter  hit  art  on  each  viMge  bertowtt 
ByiHlftilarraogomentonmaiiranaae 
Tlie  lily  now  bloomi,  where  bdMwUnh'd  OB  ote. 
€taod  loek  to  ]vennUion  and  whiWf! 

•  Charaetm  In  the  CMMtn,  which  #aa  preparfaig  ftr  repreaentatkili. 
t "  Ilik^  a limlte  iMdf  Ik  nn*  l6ng.*wMarto hi  the  CttiMR. 


li~ 


33 


XI. 
H wk !  lutA !  lit  Om  piompter,  vboM  iMgiMl  botl 

M«kM  thv  (toouat heart fe«l  palpitedonr 
I  aball  not  dettia  yoo,  kind  ruder,  to  telt 
How  tkU  OM  f\MJtd  pMMbl7,  that  nn  well. 
With  other  imporumt  erenu  thM  beTd 

The  Uram.  Ptn.  on  th»  mercy  osenkm ! 

xn. 

yet  teM  yoa  dioold  feney  my  Man  mewrt  M  tctte. 

Be  Urn  the  iMt  ««rw  of  her  Moiy  I 
Loot  l«im;^  mw  tiKiir  effbru  eontinae  to  pieM*, 
And  Ipag  m*y  Old  J^ghtud  have  aetora  like  theae, 
And  MiiM  to  eoiiduet  them  aerow  the  proud  aeaa. 

To  Mdd  a  M«  wreath  to  her  i^ory. 


Pnnm  Tox. 


No.  V1II.-.M0NDAY,  DECEMBER  20,  181». 


To  theEdftw  of  tht  mnttr  Chrtrntisle, 
Is  looking  over  aomo  bM  nmiiMript  aea- 


imperfect  one  which  aetma  to  relate  to  an 
Mtempt  very  siniilar  to  that  ^  which  we  an 
now  engacMl.  The  date  ia  oncer^b,  tho 
aeeondand  moat  material  fipue  of  the  year 
beine  imfintanat/rly  orated  thoa  ««A.  D. 
14»?'  Thinkiof.  howeveiv  that  U  mj 
amme  aome  of  yoor  reaAen  if  hmntod  in 
your  paper,  I  u«naeribe  all  that  ^  legible  i , 

'* Soaeeingwet-  miriitnidM  no 

more  progreme  thia  yeare,  wee  did  eounaelle 
to  eome  to  bmJe  if  a  haven  thero  roi|^t  be 
fo!>nd.fin-  winter4ec?uitiei  and  haying  aeareh' 
ed  diiigentlie  toe  ye  aame,  by  GoA  good, 
neiae,  and  our  pilot'a  akille  in  marine  affiiirea, 
we  eame  to  anebiM-  in  a  goodlie  hay.  wlmro 
by  dircra  Mode  ofaaerrationB  ve  did  Ind  Uie 
b^tofy*  Northern  Pole  near  mfmkf 
and^Ve  degress; 

Mere  wee  did  abide  about  nine  months 
and  haviM  good  aton  of  provfauonu  (beside 
deere  and  other  meate  that  wee  did  kUle) 
wo  wanted  §»  nothing  b«t  emphMfoient  in 
this  oar  icy  prisonoe,  tnd  that  oar  eompanie 
m^t  not  runne  bto  miteiijefjt  for  hiek  of 
hilwltie,  wee  dU  eontrivo  aondrie  joecne 
plfMforoar  men:U4iialang.inaomaeh  that 
UsH%;lmcMe  the  d«rf|  eooid  netftr  «ihie 
Uie  aaeendaneie.  Bat  ^kere  wet«  thr^  of 
5S"  •«»P»»,«»»  ogmianie  (•ho  ia  w«e 
did  eoneeive  did  enterdafne  aeeitt  eommn- 
nieation  with  hi*  Worship}  iHio  yiUed 
Mt  to  ioyne/with  jaa  hi  ifaSa  dor  hibiritk, 
albeit  they  did  not  ftfl  to  benefitte  dtorcbyo 
without  any  pains  by  them  t4tp.  ^heisf 
upon,  oar  enptaine,  fh»evrin§  tho  MMpd 
lastlie  order  them  to  be  ahortlie^viiimmd, 
like  men  m  a  garrhnnno  who  ytlTnQt  6glit 
the  enemie,  <ftr'  sind  hti  '.hMewhieOQ 
^.  ben^tte  U>e  eommnnitie,  &  %ommi^« 
nitie^  Ut  not  boanden  to  beneatte  them. »  So 
tney're  ehc^pca  grew  more  leane  than  otdi< 


nahtto,  and  likewiae  theyre  leasee  wUdi 
aaosed  them  to  wax  exeeedhig  wrMh,  and  m 
oxeetding  merrie.  Albeit,  onr  eomaaM* 
MMhhig  heeding  Iheyiv  indignatioa,  did  oaoaa 
thevM  eheokea  to  be  singed  wkh  a  red- 
hotiflhmnne,  fashioned  after  tho  lettors  K.  C. 
(whose  meanfcig^  beiM  iio  sdwtar,  1  could 
not  firthome)  by  wbiei  oar  (Meadea  in  old 
Bhglande  might  aske  and  knew  iboyto  hla> 
tarle.  After  this  fiMhioo  w*e  iDd  IttnM 
theyre  InaetiTide  to  oor  own  merrimentOk 
and  dU  loeompaase  the  Devil  and  hia  Imptii; 
by  taming  thevre  oa^n  weiiponea  against 
'.nemi  I         .* 

k  in  moeil  to  be  regretted  that  no  mora 
of  thbeorimn  maAoseript  is  le|^blo  t  far,  th« 
old  navigator  seem  to  have  been  ptaeed  in  a 
situation  so  exactiv  similar  to  oars^  that  I 
doubt  not  we  m^^  |mve  reoeivod  many 
useful  hints  from  their  experienei^  bi  addU 
tion  to  those  I  have  transenbed. 
;i  am,  Mr.  Editor, 

x  our  obedient  Servant, 

•r. 

Ti  th$  SiBtor  of  M«  mni0r  CkrmUcle. 

Bim-4  regret  to  aaquaint  yon,  that  hi  eon- 
•e^uenee  of  the  ehief  jastiee  having  raptor- 
ed  a  blobd-vessel  in  a  violent  fit  of  launte^ 
oeoat^on^d  by  weiog  Coansellor  PuizieveH 
outer  the  bai|  with  a  «onimtpoporeap<ni^ 
fiintaMlbally  ontamentMt  with  «nndi  bells, 
the  €!o«rt.tf  Common  Sense  is  at  prosent 
eloaed<  The  period  of  ill  rft«|i«oing  haa 
.  not  yet  bfeon  deiff  mUied  on. 

'  Obbibtxb.   , 


ADVfRTlSBMENT. 

STS AITBI)  from  their  Owner  aome  Time 
dorim  the  hut  two  Months,  a  OOOj^  of 
fXNiS  QALVSa^Whosoever  will  give 
a9sh  Infoivnatioo  as  mnr  IM  tothete  recove- 
ry, will  be  handsomely  rewarded,  OB  ap- 
plying Ht  No.  1,  Bell-lane,  next  door  to  the 

lub-room. 


e 


mmm^ 


.J'tM"' 


#i*^:'# 


•^. 


^ 


u 


■1 


••••••••••  ••••tM«  t« 


"A  i  l1  T, 


3^   $h$  ManaMtr  and  CmmmUttt  ff  tht 
7VkM«r»  M»gal,  JVhriA  0«Myta. 


OBHTUim— I  tm  •  widow,  twmt\**tii 
yMrtafM*,  wid  wn  prodoM  andmkU* 
iMtimonteb  of  my  alMUMtw  Md  fwdifti  •• 
tiona ;  bat  bdbr«  I  WMlertaka  Um  buihMmof 
draMinK  the  l«diMat  the  tbcMr^,  I  wMi  lo 
be  inflMrmed  whether  k  toeutaoMnr  for  then 
to  keep  oo  their  breeeheti  «lHr.  ir  I  nwr  be 
allowed  two  or  three  oT  the  ibatett  ■Me- 
■eeiaeo  or oMrine^  to taMe  theirMtyt.  So 
no  nore  et  pneint  Aonif 


Gentlemea,  jenn  «■  VMr  be, 

AawAn  IiAinacBArr. 
P.  S.  Could  yoa  allow  holimd*  hiitead  of 
beer^  Aefiirtea,  that  !•  no  ol^eet. 

Jhthe  EdUw^tKt  J^fkrth  Oeorgia  Oo- 
aittt. 
8i»-Aa  I  wMjerterdej  iodoUM  hi  •  fit 
of  eonnoleo^,  or  hi  other  worda,  dosing 
beCove  thefire-eidoi  ■  nrtoT  wakioc  dream 
mmeated  itiek'*o  my  finer,  whieb  I  bet 
tlw  liberty  oT  detalUnf  .  I  tkoagbt  I  wu  hi 
one  of  the  eabha,,  obeervhif  the  opm^ 
oretcotieman  faith*  nexttoit,  thnmih  • 
eUnkfaithobiilk>head.  9««aaaitthi|ata 
taUeflMiof  mej  audi  aooo  «Jif«»»rt*' »^ 
MefkeyeTa  •  fine  rransy  raUing.**  Ho  iMd 
ftdicet  of  pwer  before  hfan,  on  whieb  bit 
hoMl  weonmiPody  wandered  »|tha  dower 
or  more  nmid  notion,  a*  the  hridit  ideu 
wemed  to  fioat  on  hiotatelleetiial  dgbt.  Af- 
ter a  paow  of  a  tpm  moment*  he  Iwpii,  bat 
I  unit  ever  revr«^tbat  the  tone,  the  cneity 
of  the  voiee,  the  exprenfan  of  the  dark  eye, 
the  fieree  animation  of  the  eoiintenanee, 
eannot  be  eooTeyed  by  worda.  He  began 
aafidlowi: 

<•  Tin  moon,  resplendent  orb,  I  wcon, 
"  Shone  brillfaut,  like— — — — 

**  Like,  like,  let  me  see— I  have  it 

«  II     like  oor  aoap  tureen { 

«The  ahaggy  wolf  Malked  on  the  ihore 

"like, 

**Uke  wbatf  for  I  matt  have  another  simile 

— boatwraloa— no,  no,  he"*  too  dark^-etop  I 

on  remedy  tha»— 

*»  Like  boptewain  daobVI  wkh  lime  or  floor. 

*<  The  ittu«  lialf  qoeneb'd,  aeitoi  aaatttered 

-  there  ,    ., 

(<Likebri«leton--r •'•ehin. 

«  While  hi  the  boikiw  ahipa  we  iK.f 


••ThotliM^  good,  bat  uMlemt  anlla  I 
get  aooao  le^  abining  tooeh  oveqr  two  or 
tki«oHnee,«be8eia|MMtBAicMti>i"t-  One'* 
eompMlBOM  ahonU  be  natnral,  atriking, 
eaai^  flowing  tato  the  verae.  ftaah  a  one 
haa  jolt  popped  into  my  head,  and  III  go 
over  it  oaee  again. 


«•  While  in  the  hollow  ahipa  we  lie, 

«' Like  peara  or  bleekbirda  in  a  pie  t 

••  Or  Ilk*  that  flab  ao  moeh  renown^, 

••  That  on  the  Corniah  eoaat  ia  found 

*•  A  POahard  bight— who  aame  aa  we 

•<  Pcepe  thraogh  the  enut,  the  atara  to  aee." 

Jndge  iay  Aaappointment,  BIr.  Editor, 
when  the  dkinor.lieil  ringtaig,  ttaited  the 
poet  ftwn  biar«v*i4et  Oat,  If  before  hia 
reat«*ee  gtawed  with  Aebillean  firc^  tfwy 
now  aaenmad  the  ghtfc  of  the  bongry  tiger  i 
and,  idonbt  iftbe  latier  would  hafre  outdone 
bia  apiai  hi  "feaahfaig  th*  dhHior<table.  I 
need  baidiv  add,  that  the  aaene  bell  whioh 
oaiied  my  friend  away,  put  an  end  to  the  de* 
luaion.  vj  awaking  me. 

1  am.  Sir,  yoor  aneere  welNwiAer, 
Pinu-Soiarai. 

Phil»4omiiaa^  iHter  roaebed  aa  lait 
wedi,  bat  our.  eolamna  did  not  admit  of  iu 
hNMPtiont  afane  wUab,  n-«ireamatanee  bu 
oeoarred,  whiA  makea  aa  eooaider^he  delay 
aa  eapeeialhr  fiHrtnaate.  We  regM^ed  hn 
eommnnieawnahaplT  aaaJm-dVi^,  with- 
outa  aaarSahm  that  tt  bad  ita  foundation  in 
teality.  WeweremoatMreeablyaurpriaed, 
thereiSsre,  on  loeeiving  Mring  the  preaent 
week  the  Hniaiona  of  Un  pott  whom  Philo- 
Sfomnna  overheard  hi  the  aet  of  eompoaition, 
eompleted  flir  our  papa  anah  aa  \j»  now 
Buldlain  them.  I1iHo4iNana<^a  letter,  bow- 
ever,ia  notthelemhiteraatingt  itmay  remind 
aome  of  our  rendera  of  the  pleaaore  with 
whieb 'thejr  have  read  the  oriciaal  draft  of 
Mr.  Popeni  tranalation  of  the  IKaMf,  aa  eom- 
pared  widi  the  flniahed  and  paMMied  eopy. 


.natEdaartfthtmtUer  Chrwick, 

M«.  BiDiTDiiMif  the  following  eflbrta  of 
mj  Maais  dnaid  be  deemed  woptty  a  plaee 
inyonr  valuable  eOtqinna,  their  inwrtioa  wilt 
aflwd  nneb  graliflMitiqn  te^       ^ 

A  Toomi  BMunxB.. 


Tn  moqn,  reaplendoirt  orb,  Jiinea  brig^  I  ween, 
Ita  briUbmoe  ia  Joat  IB(»  our  aeup  tiireeni 
The  aaotr-drift,  wMed^by  the  poaaing  breete, 
Loofca  like  that  veaaei  fillM  wtdvbopig  peaar, 
*|%at  thrlae  jsaeh  week  anokea  Am^  on  ott^board 
In  ahue  of  aoup,  pea^oop,  to  ffeedthe  horde. 
The  abaniy  «^  italka  alowly  on  th«  diore.     , 
Uko  boaiMraia^hen  Widi  hio«HNat  oover'd  o^er.. 


Sfik-j. 

kI^Hd 

k 

mlEl  ^^^1 

ijr  lte«d»  aad  III  go 


WhUer  Chrmikle* 


35 


•MM******** 


Tm  itan  ikiM  Hmhft  and  Mmi  MttterM  iMa 
JmM  Mm  Um  briillMiMii  on  .    1  ( 


Mruon, 


Uka  iMvn  i*  ipriM,  wImo  u«M  bMhi  Diiir  kadiiitt, 

OrUk«tb«|teMMMkbow8uiMln1iMiUii«    ' 

WhU*  hi  Uit  Mtow  dilpt  we«mglT  lit 

LilM  UartWnb.^  MMk-btnl^rB  a  ptet 

Or  Ww  that  lA  ■>  Iom ,  to  nwwli  rMMWW¥» 

ThMM tka CornUi •mM  io  nrtriM ibaiM^ 

A  pilclMrd  biglit,  w|m>,  mike  u  mggM  wt, 

Pmm  ihraoKli  the  criHt,  the  MOM  «mI  Man  to  •••  t 

And  hMMW,  vj  pM»l«,  ktcn  mmI  ilMuri 

Hav*  thajr,  at ««,  aami  oft^Umaa  aa|i^ 

W«  BMHUr  tvlM  00  cmIi  revohiag^, 

Like  ■hepherda  who  take  «are  their  floafu  doa^  Mngr, 

We  keep  a  waiak  bjr  Blcbl,  I'd  have  700  kaaw, 

B«ttha»  lia  like  a  waMi  that  doaa  aat  |0. 

We  take  eaeh  oMal  at  ita  aeeiMtOMiU  hour, 

What  kuMT  aoaa  aMMia  aweet,  botwiw  taMaa  nur. 

Oar  appetRoa  haM  left  ■%  moeh  like  tkota 

Vraaa  whfoaii  pale  siakaeia  Meala  avajr  kaalth'a  rata ! 

Bat  aot  like  tbaaa  we  ileep    fer,%aew,  we  wmm 

Like  MMa  whekaawMtkow  toaleep  btfiwe. 

That  do  we  watab,  tat,  drinic,  and  idea^  anaia. 

And  thaa,  wa  watab,  eat«  drink,  and  ■liap  i^gaift^ 

—To  driva  thia  doll  noaatony  awagr. 
Onteefvrirfiirtiiigkt  we  getupa  pfanri  ' 
DelifktfU  bottle,  eath  fine  weart  a  taHa, 
Then'h  aooriU  like  plan  dull  tadMMM  t»  baMiila  % 
Wkh  tprinf^  rtcora,  I  trait  theyll  mil  batand 
A  retord  how  fodd  kaaaaar  aM^  I ' 


\ 


■m 


''1^' 

i 


Aad  ikew  that  aiea,  who  ti^e  tM)  propor 


Half  alwqra  to  thenttlvM  flndi 
At  to  aaanre  aftaiw  the  boniihateat, 
Atid  Aeir  how  flMMh  dtpandi  00  maoageaMot. 
Witk  BpHag^a  retnra,  like  the  Maatriaat  beou 
BehoM  ail  baetlet  aU  atlivitv ! 
At  Spriai^t  rttnro,  when  Phcibaa  tkawt  Ma  baai^ 
Like  Sianard  riiiag  from  hit  fiMther'keiV 
Well  tinke  dolliloth  and  indolenee  awajr. 
Arid  give  our  mindt  no  looger  to  a  plajr. 
Sirtdwidi  Inth  ardour ,  and  with  bold  inttat. 
Our  mindt  iltall,  like  oar  prowt^  be  wcttward  bant, 
Until  Paaifte'a  walrei jiour  forth  tweet  tooadt, 
ChinUag  to  at  like— 3Wfi%  thmuanipvmda  I 


)" 


T.  *»  BdUtr  0/  the  Winier  ChnrnkU. 

Sot— At  fiint  tight  of  your  torretpondent 
P't rebiy interted  in  yoor  fifth  number,! 
gave  myielf  eredk .  for  kvi'v^  at  oute  diteo* 
▼aredthe  tetttUon i  bnt  the lwe:/{^ of  the 
firtt  artiele  dattrayed  aay  airy  hope,  until  by 
ebanee  a  day  or  tw«  aioae  I  aMt  with  a  tear 
maql  letter*  whereia  kit  dear  Sally  expreatet 
an  earaatt  bene  tbft  her  letter  will  reaeh 
him  in  the  emoyment  of  good  JicftA.  Now, 
Sir,  at  1  eoatider  Mr.  P.  kit  poatibfar  teamed 
to  tpell  001  of  the  tame  dietiooary  with  Sally, 
I  aball  nokmcer  heaitate  in  hqrh«  befbrejoa 
the  teore of  ^oea  whieh  I bave^Md  oat, ia 
elitcidatkm  of  the  anthm''l  meaning. 
I  am,  fee.  do. 

CAimaATin. 


SOLUTION. 

Oir  the  ware  or  on  the  tbora, 
NoUy  bom  or  bamUy  poor. 
Bleat  vith  eompetenee  or  wealth      « 
Man'b  fint  with  roust  itill  be  hekk/ 
What  tm  monaroh'k  thronet  eaa  lUae, 
Fair  at  Clemency  diTine? 
Who  eoald  with  jidonh  vie, 
Peerleit  ia  a  Ooddtat*  wfe  i 
If  the  parta  of  theae  you  join. 
In  Ae  word  yon  thnteomblne, 
Yoall  a  veaael't  name  ditolooe. 
Dreaded  oft  by  Britafai'tfoeti* 

*  The  Heela't  Itat  lerntse,  m  a  ahipdl' 
war,  waa  aa  ooe  of  Lord  Exmoatb*t  ieet, ' 


at  the  attack  on  Alg^ra. 


E 


96 


7 


Vow  comniMibMd  to  txslora 


Unknown  »n»  to  AiMi'h  i 

And  in  thb  — poopWd  M«* 

Tbo'  the  fMt  nuqr  nuka  j«a  mil*, 


DonktlcM  otf  tk«ir  ikip  adaiir*, 
BnMadroondlMrvintM'Iro.  <k 

LMdlr  ■Mad  tlnr  tnmpvt,  F«B^ 

'WJJfy  IHO  BHmk  M  bOf  MUM* 


No.  IX.— MONBAY,  DECEMBER  %7,  1819. 


i. 


7>  ^Edtttr^thaWUatrQkimMf^ 

"  He  wu(r*  far  oflTtk*  antiofawtMi  Jogr, 
"  Turtle  am)  TtniMa  all  hia  tboogliu  ampkijr, 
"  Prepares  for  mcab!  aajoakajrt  taka  aaweat, 
**Ufa,  oauawwa!  an  enedo  for  a  wbat!** 


M«.  KUTOB— Happening  to  itMnble  a  dajr 
Or  two  ago  upon  the  aMvwnnM^tbajr  bmmM 
to  mv  reaolleetion  an  advtrtlaanMnt  that  I 
read  in  jroar  Ckroniale  laat  week,  dated  from 
tlie  Pamp-raen,  Balk.  ,  NatwMiManding 
the  addfcM,  however,  I  aqipeet  ftwrn  tho 
•tyle  of  the  fentfeawn,  that  be  ia  batter  aa« 
qnainted  in  a  well-known  elty  MMMwhat  to 
theeaalwardi  bat  that  lea  iMtlar  of  Uttle 
import  to  me.  my  ahn  aot  betac  •»  moah  to 
■ain  the  no  aomaMo  reward  wnieh  he  hoMa 
fbnb,  M  torgivo  a  fireedom  to  the  ovatBow 
kwaor  the  milk  of  haman  kkidaea^  with 
whUh  mynatara  (with  modal^  bo  it  apo- 
kenO  la  too  faii.  I  eannot,  ho«a«Bf«  pro- 
e«ed  wlihaariMkhigattroiig  pMlaat nahMt 
thoae  Mib  and  aqoeamiah  faaHtiW  oT the 

Cf,  'whieh  prompt  him  to  naMeata,  ar  af- 
j  to  nanaeaia,  the  leallj  barmltia  meana 
whieh  the  ■nl^  of  hia  %aBea.  adopiad  far 
the  attabimcntvfa  pralM'Worthjrand  volup- 
toooa  end ;  a  meana  too  w  innocent  aa  to  haf  a 
been  praetiaed  far  time  immemorial  bjr  many 
a  worthjr  oiticen,  withoot  ao  mueb  aa  a  wry 
fkae,  •tin  lem  dreaming  of  tlia  leaatindeliea- 
cy,  ro  a  praetiee  that  adminiirtefad.  ao  moch 
denghtful  tenmtioo.  Bat  thaaa  poeta,  Mr. 
Editlr,  have  been  w  pampefod  with  high- 
•eaaoned  vianda,  that  it  ia  almoat  impoMible 
to  find  Ibod  or  pliyaie  of  a  material,  oatara 
laflSeiently  rvfined  to  imitthe  ezooiaite  aen- 
■ibility  of  their  appetite*..  Initeadoffecdhig 
like  other  good  aotiU  apon  tart!»  or  v^Jboo, 
they  have  red  on  ambroaia  with  the  mm. 
Instead  of  good  old  port,  they  moat  have 
nectar,  and  v^eethig  Calvert'k  Ine  brown- 
atont,  and  Meoxla  entire,  nothing  forsooth 
wiU  aerve  them  bat  gulping  down  whole 
strnama  at  the  fbot  of  Pamas«m  Setting 
aside,  therefore,  any  attempt  to  plcaaa  saeb 
daio^  gentlemen,  I  shall  leave  them  to  their 
prMadiBfs.and  proceed  to  oiTer  my  adviee 
tpthegenllebanoftbePiimb-room.  In  the 
first  place  let  \im  set  the  poets  at  defiance ; 
and  in  the  o^txt  eoma»eoae«  cianrae  of  what 
th<^  latter  has  been  pleaaed  to  call  "  nanse- 
oas,**^  but  which  th^  (tlderman  found  so  UK- 
ftd  aa  a  preparative;  be  howeyef.  nt 


**  Abdoninoaa  and  wan, 
•*  Lik«  a  fat  sqoab  upon  a  Chineae  fan,** 

Now,  I  preaama  itia  the  idea  of  this  pie- 
tore  that  haimtt  the  imagination  of  oar  cid- 
aan  of  the  Pump-room,  the  evila  of  whieh 
ho  foresaw  and  justly  depracatea.  Certainljr 
k  seema  a  aaahmaholy  prospect,  bat  happily 
for  hhn,t  eaa  plaaowitUn  hia  grasp  the 
laf  aantrataning  smth  a  eabminr.  I 
iwieaMnr  to  imitate  the  akilfal  physi- 
aad  pohit  oat  how  that  whieh  waa  a 
bane  to  tha  one,  may  ha.  rendered  an  anti- 
dote to  tho  other.  My  plan,  Mr.  Editor, 
baa  sinplieity  to  raaonmend  i^  a  quality  by ' 
whieh  It  ia  disttognished  from  regolar  medi- 
cal praatiea  hi  general  t  it  consists  merely  in 


I  praatiea  hi  general  t  it  censisu  merely  I 
the  trifling  htversion  af  the  order  of  meals 
andmadiaMea.  The  alderman  took  his  dose 
na  a  preparative,  alwaja-Mbrehia ntMls: 
lot  the  pOBM-foom  aitkw»  than,  whose  ob- 
jaet  la  so  dintoat,  onlv  gat  hia  ftwd  first,  and 
tako  kis  doaa  ranfairiy  an  boor  afterwards. 
And,aa  Ittig  aalM  shall  persevere  in  the 
,  I  will  readily  atake  all  my  aradit  upco 

Iramatai,  Sir,  fan.  fae. 

Pixuinmonm. 


VaUTaiOAt  BtlOllT. 

Thursday  evening'a  entertainment  com- 
menced with  'JTke  Moffr  of  Oarratt/  a 
faree  whicb^  nolwhhotanding  its  characters 
are  drawn  from  low  and  ▼algar  life,  has  ever 
maintafaied  its  popularity  by  its  abandant 
humour,  and  by  ita jnohwd  satire  of  exten- 
sive application.  We  are  of  opinion  that  in 
none  of  the  preceding  performances  at  this 
theatre  have  the  characters  generally  been 
so  well  sustatoed.t  a  cireumstance  which  we 
are '  pleaa^  in  aseribtog  to  the  inareased  ac- 
quaintance of  the  dramatis  persona  with  the 
mannera  and  cosloma  of  the  alage. 

Tte  JIfcwar  ^  Oorratt  was  followed  by  a 
new  nuuieal  after-pieee,  the  joint  production ' 
of  oar  princimi  bards  and  whs,  entitled  The 
^trth-ttett  Poaauv,  or  the  Vtgagt  Fin- 
ithed.  The  eharaSters  having  been  ah«ady 
annouwed  in  the  advertisement  of  latt  Mon- 
dsf  an'tonight,  and  the  sulgeck  of  th«  piece 
being  obvious  from  its  title,  we  proceed  to 
give  a  sh":  ^  account  of  it..  It  is  divided  into 
five  w4iji  for  tlie  ssJM  of  convenience.   The 


I   I 


37 


(••••«•••••••••••••• 


m  M  MM  M  wiHcr  iMrwwr, 


of  tiM  Cm  it  laid  at  Wtalw  lUrbmir, 
Mnd  tht  lima 
uniiomijr  look  I 

MM  of  Mtivo  OBOrtiOII  { _ . 

Hodo'te  boot  londo,  aad  Moto  tlio  Gripof  li 
•aionoatlMiroi  ihof  aiMok  oT  Ihohp  fMoro 
praipoot^  0*4  imoy  Jokoo  oro  MMMd  on  Om 
tr—mkint  of  Um  wkMh  TM  Ml  oo»- 
^•dM  wMi  on  oMTopriolo  nof,  omI  Uum 
ohoenoolMvlaf  WlMorHorkonr.  ThoM- 
oood  oet  io  MknaMtt«tokoBloo«.oar(]rki 
tho  Munmor  of  1M9,  viwn  Iho  tblM  hov* 
woooodwl  In  fumtng  tho  morMlOB  or  Moo- 
kensie'k  Kiwr.    Horo  (ko  Nmo  orowi  moet 


tho  itovornnMnl  hod  obt»lnud  fram  iho  iwtrr 
tor  of  tho  BnuMwiok  wliolor,  rra«  tho  par- 
tWitthurt  of  whioh.  ond  tho  •InHMNtonoo  that 
thio  woo  iko  onl«  vctNl  by  whoco  the  DImo* 
vory  BhiBO  hod  Won  oion  in  Iho  wmmor  ol 
IIIV,  Iho  hool  kopoo  oro  aupirod  of  thelt- 
•ofctjr  ond  Mnotio.    In  oet  the  fourth  we  re* 


hwnhig  oTooBM  wkohM*  ioiCi  opponro  hi  tho 
diolonoo  ohoiod  bjr  o  boot,  wMok  to  oboorvod 
toflnotU.  Tho  inon oooooto ikowiilfoo. 
ond  tho  boor  re*op«Mro  hi  tho  dloUnoo,  hut 
0  little  nooror,  ond  ot  lonflk  oooom  on  tho 
■ton.whorotho  koltio  oontohdni  tho  Adi 
hod  boon  loft  ftir  tho  fNirpMO  of  attrnoUof 
khni  oikor  o  ahon  onoewrtov.hi  wklokono 
or  tko  110010%  Milonrtooivosokiiq(,tko  boor 
iikUlodondoofriodoft  .    . 

DnrinCtUonet  do  tklpt  or*  leen  In  tho 
dirtonoo  nndo»MU,  ond  ot  tho  ooooliuion  of 
n  eOBt,  on  o  dntol  of  nool  beinc  holMpd 
flhdnnnflrod,  tho  boot  pMkoodR  In  the 
third  oot  tho  Mono  oh«o|oo  M  Dopthid. 
where  Poll  ond  SoHM,  the  nrMtkoorto  oT 
Tom  ond  Diek,  oro  dtoovorod  aittini  ot 
work,  ond  oxpreMhw  thoir  uskMO  oionno 
for  tho  ■ofcty  of  thoIr  hivort,  of  V'kom  no 
tiding!  ho««  ot  yot  boon  rooolfod.  Ihoy 
are Toinod  by  thoir  brathor.  who  prodiiOM 
a  nowapopor«  oontaiBlog  Infemation  whioh 


tarn'lo  tho  espolHtion  hovinc  now  (i.  t.,  in 
tho  oatanmdf  lfinf.)reftahed  iheioanxkNii- 
ly*dtt|rB«  Behring*t  BtroH.  Here  nautioel 
oonmtnfaMiont,  and  tho  protpectt  of  tl»o 
V^gai*  FMUum  eoonpy  «ho«,  antll  their 
ottontlMi  itooned  offby  an  Btqaimaux  iMce 
aeon  Ih  thb  ditunoo,  ond  auboequently  by 
tho  Baquknaux  hhntelf,  whore  o  aoenooe- 
onra  wkieh  brMiht  to  our  reool»eette«  the 
HMMt  taMoroithiK  event  of  the  cxpedMoo  of 
diaaevorir  whioh  prcoeded  the  proaent.  Af- 
ter mokioi  IHenda  wkh  him.  by  prcaenla 
and  a  aong,  tho  anilon  hidueo  him  to  aeeom. 
pony  them  oa  boiard.  In  the  Afth  and  eon- 
eluangoat  tho  aeeno  thiftt  ogkhi  to  Dept- 
fiMrdi  OM  vovico  Miod  now  Anithed,  Hie 
aoihin  are  liiot  at  tho  Prineoof  Woloa, 
whore  keMtUy  weloomod  by  tho  hindlord 
on4  Jokiod  M  tkoto  awootheortt,  they  talk 
over  the  dMMlieothlnr  hove  paaoed  thvAogh. 
and  thygoodlhrtnnothoy  hove  oi^od,  and 
throat  eonotadea  wkk  ••  God  aave  theKtnf" 
and  three  oheeN«  hi  whith  the  andieoer 
moat  hMrtily  jMnad. 

We  riioM  o6ly  add,  that  the  pieeo  pro- 
dooeil  ta  itt  falloat  extent  the  intereat  and 
entertahuawnt  wWeh  w«ro  deai|nod.  We 
are  alt  Wkiiaaafa  kow  nraeh  the  aMpV oom- 
piinyi  porboitelod  hi  tbeae  foeliop,  hot  H  ia 
not  eamp  perikape  folly  to  appreoiate  the  per- 
monoat  improotion  whieh  aneh  repreaonta- 
tiona  aathoaearooalookkted  toCttahUthin 
their  minda. 


Thefctre  Royal,  North  Georgii^. 

ON  TRVRSBAY,  JAKUART  6, 1830, 
When  wUl  b«  P«rfor«ied  tht  celebrated  Farce  of 
BON  TON; 
om  maa  life  amove  stmbs.    ' 

KXN. .  ' 
Loid  Mhmikhi,   Contain 8 am«i,  St  John  Trotley,    Mr.PABnr 

ColoMlTivT.   Mr.Boao.  foawnf.     Mr.  Onnnxaa. 

Davy,  Mr.  Vmm,  M\§um,   Mr.  Bv*wkam. 

WOMSN. 

UOr  Mtawikb,Mv.  Buout.       MbtTitrap,  Mr.  Rqoaa.       Gyn)(>,  Mr.  Bitbut^ 

Sonp  will  bo  hitrodaeed  b^weon  the  Aett. 

•nieth9notffttitdat^M/'^t0Sla,tmdth^ Cmainvmrw prwiutg  at  Seven  t^ehak. 


m 


I; 


■~immnmmo.> 


3» 


•••••• •••••••t • •••• 


\  '1 


T»  OmBdUtftf  Mf  Winter  Chrmtde. 
8».— The  ConniittM  beg  jroQ  to  inaert 
the  enfilOMd  in  iroar  Paper,  for  «hi(A  tlM7 

SeatMy  to  tlietamdike. 

,  MTiiBABMADAii--->tiwQonKnilit»liwr- 
iof  m  for  •  eooMecaUj  tiia«HO»f  <Nir  kt- 
ter»  pubKalwd  ia  hM  wwl^li  Itppmr^tlMic ;«• 
to  MMutot  you,  thM  tint  oiMlNdifet^  v«bo- 
tilted  #mIi  memlMtr  AujAmf/^uit  tkey  fe«l 
■ore  at  tbe  prqepewtoT  iosiw  yjaiv  aentioce 
•I  the  theMre,  j»hieb- thej^i»W<lM  tin 
««•«>  when,  yott  ire  infom^  ittAtvOf  gfm- 
Uemeii  My  tW  ikey  ew"!  Vf  IWM»  lSw.U- 
dwa'  parjta  propcfly  irMh  tboifv  «^1  men- 
tion<iuna  dn^,,;TlM  Ck»mnattM»,>Oir«Ter, 
hope  that  thW.pf|l  not  premit  yoaftjtm  m- 
e«|rtiRKthe,ii4«B...^  .,_, 
fh^  deiirejm  toMd,  thai  tir*  rtont 

m^^ett  mnri,  and  white>Hne  i  aod  tfu^t  fin, 
iMIead  of  lieer,  at  your  re«ne«^  i»dltlp*-id- 
lllHr,cd,„awMi  pnwMae  that  yoii;  tl!i«  ,l»t  a 
aHp^B  the  ftrenea,  ai , ttewnte^wu^-*-, 
yi^iiMwtbe  ««>anH -aaiky  gvcatV'rotard  the 
fialrfiN«iaaeM,of  th*  pieo^. 
I  hare  the  honoar  to  boj.  Madam*  fif«., 

1.0ST,«ilhe»hitho  Pit  orLo|4y  oTthe 


Thfatre,  en  Thuradqr  hwt,  a  SMALL  MG* 
AI^ANDUM  BOOK»  containing  aolea 
ai|d  ajtr^ttti^  OQ  die  now  entertainment  t 


eiedi  OB  the  abora  Mthleettt  tetteded  to  fbrm 
an  AppatdiX  l»  th»  WriterV  Jonmal,  whieh 
will  ho  ^liMwd  Ob  AeBotnmef  the  Bzpe^ 
dkli».«^Whoeter  has  fianid  the  iame.  and 
will  retam  it  to  Ifo.  3,  Unk'lane,  will  be 
handmnely  r«wanM  nKtiieir  tnmble. 


AN  AiMlMir^  who  haa  generally  had  fa- 
Biai«»ehiwaetei»atiiiiidi<o  him,  iadeilrova 
of  twwMq;  a>  IBiimiNl?  en  the  noM 
beeoMHttitflUdM^iMiMi,  and  artiealatioBt, 
foraWMnHiofcPittlevi  a|M>,oB  theiamt 
approvedmethoAoT-MtaMngthe  Miionable 
lieMkwitliDat^MMMariMt'rottnd-ihoiddafed. 

AfqUleiMlteltt  he  oMde  at  THo,  9^  Ord- 
naneo'itaaiw.  .;•'■-'  '•* 

"ftalS to to^ife  NotiK that  •  eanpl* of 
mH&QM^ym  iMmL  whhiMhe  iMtWMk, 
hou^jpm^fikr  Deal  9oar^|danient«r,  who 
.  zeideaat  theiBOt  ofJHatobww  Pamage^  and 
thit  th(T  wore  earrlid  a^iqp  nm  thenee  hj 
ftMoBtioaii»t»h«WMed{  hot  it  waaeiqi. 
pMfd  that  ffntf  waMpfoivm^  more  w» 
than  iMNit  t»yw^iaf;  aa they  were  thonght 
tohethe  ideatiail  Galvea  that  had  itnycd 
booi  So*  l^BoiMane. 


^0NGi1»QMTi£KORTB^WE8T  PASSAGE. 

ytTBttTKn  BT  MR.  WAKEfiAM. 

AND  SUNG  BT  MR.  PALMAR. 

■     I- 
WBB#a  diif;Jg^ -tt  t^tdD  the  ooe^'lTiiite  wave, 
I  wai  taught  to  aistiain  eV^  tbaaijbt  Ofa  slave, 
Bold  freedoittloi  0priiuv,tbat  Talpnr  infpires, 
.  And  proves  Bnglaud^s  tars  stiU  ar^.  wwt^iy  their  sires. 

'""  V, ..'■"■'■■':'",  '.".yji.  ''"'!:  -■■  ' 

As  to  manhtiad  f  j^^;  toil  a  sa&ior  beeame, 
Ev'ry  hppc«ev?i<^  wish.of  ray  hcarit  was  the  same ; 
My  Satan, my  j^reiMtOttt sti^nglheited  the elaim, 
I  knew  that  Uieir  bliss  Jn^ost  depend  on  .my  faine' 

■'■■'■  ^^v.  JIL^'.-'-^-^- 

Stem  war  ww^pme  hy>  ii|d  omr  ant^s  no  men-e 
Waved  proadty  trinhkiAaiit  o*er  Meh  hostile  «hbre ; 
But  I  heard  of^two  shmihat  were  flttlbg  to  seek 
For  aew  lands  tetlie  Nonb,  where  the  wiiMls  hollow  hleak. 

■:...•,  IV.  ^i..:-.-    v^.. -*..-..«       - 
My  bosom  was'firedj  «nd  I  soon  was  ehrttll^ 
In  the  fortunate  band,  for  adventure  so  bold, 
AVhora  I  now  see  before  Oie  resolved  to  maintain 
That  dteir  ooontry  shall  never  eall  on  them  in  vaih. 


39 


•  •••MOW* 


V. 


Aiid  «qr  if  priMtlMs  or  (terllsihoald  riM»^ 
lUntt  what  would  (hojr  weigh  in  » true  MniUM^  wyn  7 
He'd  leom  thw  IhIM  ttoaglit  of  «lsr  tunrii^  hit  kMk, 
Hit  liMtd  ever  rttttj-^iVk  heart  snf  r  iladL 


VL 


IT  one  dwtiird  lite  diit!— fw-HMh  oMthert  Aintha 
U  theM  ithiM  uwv  am*  duhVl  U^ffoP  lM»  iM-rMtcred  M* ! 
Then  may  thaw  wbn  Mt  Aobly-HM  til  of  yoa  ««l» 
Skft  retom'd,  hun  of  kwe  uui'ti  plmtiuo  Uieir  fl  II. 

VII 

May  tlieBbtvlwr  tad  Boll,  Prinae  <6i  Walea,  and  eaeh  poirt 
/Where  the  Ucela'a  and  Grip«r^iaa|ia«,  to  reaort, 
Aboaod  witti  nod  liquor,  with  flddlea  and  adttg^ 
.  And  iilenty  of  laaaea  to  eheer  up  tiko  thcoof . 

Far,!** JRtXer  CAronfcfc. 

Reflections  on  the  morning  0/ Christmas  Day^  1819,  North  Georgia 

RttH^fhim  ^hihahiiv  Baat  no|lorv  darta 
Tb^^ehata  the  ahadowy  niKhtt--bu(  all  ia  glooaa, 
ftiVe  whew  the  100011%  jmitog  eraaMat  <^er  the  anowi 
Sddia  a  trembling  ridiMiee,  fainth[  aeen 
11t|<(;ag|i  mkttobaetk.«)*-4ir  spariwwtaeett  «tA  hi^ 
The  WMnth^  mytiada  of  the  atara  dnhae 

5he»  dUtUktf  ^mmering,  aoarM-etilighteiiiog  ray  a ! 
(hind  vM  elMd  a  ateaib  or  pair  ligiit> 
Shocia  np  iti  pQ|Ated  jMirei--agim  Imtteifed, 
SwMparorth  with  attwlan  atart,  alidiHtving  rdtattd 
In  ehiAMifiU  ttetnt,  aMnmea  th«  brislitd^  gimr 
Of  oricSt  tdpit^-then  k*  «Kldeh  ainla 
In  d^epe^  maiet^  aud  at  onoe  expirea ! 

Hete  ttien  we  viawi  in  ^fiirtheni  ble  Immared 
';     if  idat'eeaaelcaa  drifta  atid  long-endntii^  ice 
>  -^  .    The  wondier«l  Hi*  powV,^hoH  awful  voiee    . 

Bnaka  earth  into  ctiatenee,  and  tlie  «m 
Thkt  now,  Britannia !  o'er  tity  favtMirM  land 
Ll^Ata  up  the  day  thro*  winter^!  elicerlcaa  reign. 

Hail,  |aaM4hiaHral  tliat  tomy  mind  recal 

HiiwondroHagoodneia.    Hia,  the  (areat  Snpnune ! 

Onee  waa  UiysilMirn  in  other  iplendonrdreat, 

HVben  6>  the  ahephenl<train't  aftooiah'd  eyea 

lleieatial  glonr  ahooe,  and  aii^l  ohoira 

Hymn'd  the  Meaaiab'a  birth  in  aonga  divine !  . 

And  shall  not  fnaa  uiHilbng  tlie  'WondroHa  strain, 

for  whooifthia  migUfUt,  greateat  Wwk  waa  done  i* 

Yes,  whether  bonlVing  on  the  lu  Pnle» 

Or  wher6  the  genial  raf  with  nuMi  aad  flntr'n  -^ 

Bededkaihe  pandant  boogl^,  or  paints  the  nle^ 

Still  let  tM  bf  «ui  of  trinittph  rue  en  hi^, 

The  hymn  4)f  gritdU  Jk7  ineesiiatriaa 

T«  Jeai^  name,  our  Saviour  «pd  Ofir  God ! 

Who  laid  hia  glory  bg^  and  vrapt^  in  ieah 

Our  naturM  aharcd,  elaifipt  akwe  from  sin, 

For purpoaea of  Unw tin aave  mankind. 

To  raiae  ua  to  |i4i|dha«kal«i«  of  bKm 

Than  in  primeval  mnoeenee  eiggyM 

OnrgTMt  progwiitoP~-fnulion  pure, 

fiteinal*  fully  uamcaaurable  joy ! 

.^  *  Aurora  Bortalif . 


Still  it  espMnji  jnn  shall  roll  aliiiig 
Be  tbk  oar  fbeme,  when  wintrr  ikiei  preehim 
Thw  tMrod  in*»  nmMi  :  rad  higher  Oooclita  - 
Tluii  aordid  pIcMarM  fill  Mr  toDfOM  vim  pnili«, 
Onrlwartowttli  love. oor boMMniiiritt dottt* 
To  lira  to  Him  wWjm  kia  life  Air  a% 
While  yet  we  are  oil  Earth  t  and  vhea  at  len^ 
The  hour  that  fraea  ih'  iflspriaonU  ion,!  ahklt  eeme. 
Calm  mar  i»e  view  the  awhi  appToaah  of  Death 
RK  pardnj  firom  a  world  of  painfol  toil 
Tbdwell  Mr  ever  *ear  Jehovahl  throoe ! 
To-  whom  be  glorf,  powV;  dbroiolon,  praiae, 
Aaaribed  fbr  ever,  aad  fir  evermore ! 


No.X.— MONpA¥,  JiLNUii^T  h  1820. 


r. 


TtOtEdUmrtf  tht  WbOer  Chhnide. 

<  4     N^mlar  JSfariawv  J'VbrtA  Georgia. 
V,'  aaturdafi,Jm.l,\fSfi. 

SiB^It  haa  alwaya  appeared  to  me,  that^ 
iKe  frequent  rceurrenee  of  the  vacieoa  holr- 
dMaand  festivalaordainedbjibeJDhareh, 
hwepeDdentlyof  the  importaateveoitewhiah 
tbejr  are  intended  to  eommemorata,  majr 
be  eonidered  at  eontribatiog  easentiallv  to 
the  welfare  and  happineaa  of  oianland. 
Eaehof  theae  may  be  said  to  eonatiUite  » 
Und  of  era,  which  marin  the  vntgttm  of 
time  hi  a  very  deeided  manner,  mfoi  opoo 
the  neliee  of  efen  the  n^oat  j|id«iy  and 
thoiu;htieaa,  the  reeolleeticin  that  another 
week^  of  month,  or  year,  baa  paated  by. 
nndinvolvea  b  thia  reoelleetion  the  awnil 
eertafaity,  that  the  atream  of-  time  b  floNHOf 
fan  away,  and  mnat  speedily  bo  swaOowea 
op  hi  die  oeean  of  euivity.  With  a  very 
larce  portion  of  mankind',  the  amoethneM 
wi^  whieh  time  glides  away  resembles  .the 
travelling  of  an  eaqr  carriage  t  iti  pmgraae 
^oaM  be  often fiirgotten^  were  itnot  fbreer* 
tain  oaeasional  stoupagaa  whieh  reesfaid  theio 
that  it  haa  been  m  motion,  and  C|A(  it  ia 
eanying  them.iiprward  wkh  artpld,  tboogh 
insennble  pace,  *•  towards  tbi^  boarne  Tnoqi 
wtienee  no  traveller  retnms.** 

There  ia  no  season  whieh  qu^ih^  aptly 
be  eompared  tooae  of  theae  staget'ln  the 
great  joomey  of.  life,  and  wMeli  indoete 
more  eerioua  reSOetion  hi  la  oonsiderate  min^t 
than  that  at  whieh  we  have  jna|  arrived.  The 
period  when  one  year  fieines,  and  anather 
eommenoes,  forms  an  epoeh  in  oar  Ihns, 
,  whieh  is  perbi^mom  atrangly  euiiked  than 
any  other.  At  thia  aemon,  too,  oOr 'mindt 
are  in  an  espeeial  manner  prepared  fiweof 
rioqa  eonteiuplation,  by  the  recent  eomme* 
VioMtioQ  of, one  of  the  mestiraportante^eaita 
that  the  world  baa'evcr  known— the  biitt  of 
the  Bedeenser  of  moukind'—an  event  whiah ' 
ahodd  fill  oar  mindB  whh  the  moat  sutopui 
•we,  and  oar  heai-ta  with  the  moit  liT«^  aeii* 
IMioBi  of  gntiMde  and  demtioo. 


At  tUa  period,  It  is  natnral  aa  wdl  as  mqp 
fitaUe^  to  rook  back  on  past  events.  When 
we  recaltomind  the  road  wehave^ravelled, 
and  the  scenes  we  have  witoesaed,  how  che* 
querOd  is  the  pt^D^eet  wUdi  memovy  pre« 
aentstponryiewl  die  sports  of  childhood, 
ue  hopes,  of  yoodi,  the  opeehig  prospeela 
of.  manhood  rise  fat  review- before  as,  with 
their,  aeeomnanying  tnin  of  feari^  aniUeties^ 
and  disnnpommenu.  It^aa,  however,  been 
justly  remnked,  that  "  we  have  many  daya 
of  pleamrv  fiw-ow  of  pidn,  many  hoom  of 
heuth,ftivone  of  nekneu ;"  and  to  a  mhid 
notlaanii|ieed,by'pnga£ee,  nor  distennend 
by  viee,  dia  re^ioq^  of  life  will  aftrd  a 
thousand  reeOlleetioas  we  shall  fcndiT  eber- 
iihi  and  ten  thotwsnd  meieiea  whieh  oenand 
oOr  warmest  gratitade. 
'If'the  dUvS^romnrks  are  feand  tohoM 
good  with  mankiid  hi  general,  t»  «•  they 
mast  apply  wMipeeoliar  feree  and  enwfja 
for  8a(«ly,8hr,  fewhamaa  ereatures  have 
pnoreeanseferserioaseenfemplation,  or  for 
rineem  and  livdiy.thankfalaess  than  oar- 
sdves !  .Let  na  hot  look  baek  tor  one  year, 
aud  eOnti^er  irhat'  oar  sitaation  and«  proa- 
poets  were.  Tho'grieaier  port  of  ua  had  just 
retnfM  ftdtt ,  a  aiaiilar  onterpriae,  vexed 
a«#  mortified  atdie  iHaaeeoM  whieh  we  had 
met  with.  Oar 'owhw^,,aad  those  of  oor 
eountiy,dipi|^pobiied^  notHiMt  appeared  left 
for  H^lMit  a  hM^  season  of  nostivily,  and 
leisnre  to  brood  over  the  post! 
,  HowdiflbteOtisdwpHMipeetwehavenow 
before  as !  Sefceted  ooee  more  for  this  in* 
tereatiiig  sarfleo  phiaad  hi  a  aitnatioa  of 
era«i«id  henowfjCiiebiah  ^e  sons  of  noble- 
asonttaviMsoalMi^eovy,  and  which  thoa. 
tamb  or  our  owt  ^^Mfesskm  and  mik  would 
gladly  fi^-^Ub  flW.^fM  of  oar  eoontry  and 
of  aft  Enropo  flsed  opoo  oa-how  ^!ghiy  . 
shpoM  ire  nOae  these  M««d  distiaetioaef  ff 
w>e  ftirdiWP  wsMer  tile  e«tra<wiiaary  aat- 
aes»whiibhM  attended  oar  hboora,  what 
heart  is  tltiMi  aaaoog  us  that  does  not  beat 
hi|^  witk  tnriMMloB  and  hope }  Could  it 
htvo  heea  pceoiated  to  aa  before  wo  left 


,  Hte,%iii{fjfcf, 


4^ 


Koi^and,  that  we  dHmU  winter  eomlbcttbhr 
fti  ■  Mcnre  harbour  of  our  own  inilng.  aev 
the  111th  degree  of  loiq;hade,  whoi  tliat  te 
afleiutomed  to  the  navicatioa  of  h^  *ea|, 
vooid  not  ha*e  deekiNd  thiatttWaiMwew 
beyond  hit  moat  iMgaioe  expcMiitipiiaf 
And  yet  it  ia  even  av— we  have  aafteceded  ia 
brtaknis  the  apeil,  wbieh  nade  dbe  ae«  of 
Baffin  a  Aoy^  have  advaneed  near  ira  hun- 
dred miles  direetly  towards  Behring^Strait, 
and  foond  a  aceore  port  jnst  when  tfM  «aa- 
wn  anexpeetedljr  e|osed  apon  vm,  and  ob- 
liged OS  to  rennqoith  farther  operatiooa. 
Mor  have  we,  in  ^eeonplishing  tUa  mueh 
of  our  enterprise,  stdTered  privaoM  or  want 
ef  any  kind.  We  hive  been  abiudaatijr  sop- 
plied  with  all  the  neecssaries^aad  many  of 
the  jA.  vgtof  life— we  have- most  of  us*en- 
joyti:  Or  Vb-- bar  AipahaviB  been  -pre- 
aerrea  jd^anderemamstaneesotfre- 

2 Bent  '   ivoMMe  daiweri  and  b<Sng 

imisL.^  *Aa  resoorees  wbieh  will>^|nwble 
us  to  renew  the  attempt  with  the  same  v%oar 
as  at  first,  we  acma  iMstiaed  by  Provideate 
to  decide. a  great  geographieal  qoestim, 
whieb,  for  eeatniies  pasit,  has  beeii  aa  ol^eet 
of  enriodty  to  etetr  nation  b  Eorope. 

Perhaps  no  ezpeoitioa  whieb  En|^aad  has 
ever  equippedi  has  been  regarded  with  a 
more  hearty  feeling  of  nattonal  interett, 
than  those  in  whiehwe  bare  beto  employed. 
Persona  of  everv  rank,  and  age^)  and  sex, 
floeked  to  oor  ship»o<>^  phiioMpher  ap- 
proved a  scheme  whose  oi{|eet  waa  tiie  pro- 
motion of  seienee-^tatesiaea  and  priflatea 
eoadeseended  to  virit  thoar,  whose  names 
might  perhapsgraee  the  page  of  fiUare  bia- 
tory— the  mershant  hoped  UMt  we  mkht 
Sod  a  shelter  way  to  China*-^  patriot, 
that  we  might  add  new  lustre  to  <dd  Ei^ 
hnd's  gibry— end  to  erowo  al^  the  Wile  of 
■eau^  beamed  upon  vH  from  every  quarter, 
to  impure  us  with  fresh  ardour  hi  the  aeema- 
plishment  of  our  riMous  emterprise !  The 
remoubranee  of  these  visits  should  long  be 
eherisbed  in  oorlaeasti:  ^y  were  eordfad 
and  UBisouivoeal  mpresdona  of  regard  from 
a  warm-hearted  and  a^etiDhate  aatkMi  J  . 
-  Weeanaot,pi#haps,expeH^  this  l^- 
aeral  interest  ihoald  eoothrae  sail  ia  bperat(» 
hi  the  same  degree  aa  at  firat ;  (br  the  piiblie 
feeibtg  is  leidom  vsaw  low  fixed 'to  oae 
Bohit^-but  bow  stroa^  would  that  interest 
lie  re<«xcited,  eould  information  of  oar  pre- 
set situation  and  proqpeeta'be  at  thb  tine 
con«iByed  to  Engtand!  A  now  field  would 
be  opened  to  '  IMteolatido— the  northern 
boondgry  of  Am«^>bliM  assume  •  more 
decided  ebaraoter  upon  the  maps-r^he  san- 
gube  wouM  be  eoiiimed  b  tlwir  cxpee- 
tHions,  and  evenltfie  Awt  eautibaa  lonitie 
vouid  be  ibretd  to  adasit-HHit  otilr  the 
great  pMbabUi^  or  t^  ecffMiie  ofa  north- 
w«R  nassagst  but  that  then  ia  aome  ehanee 
of  iti  being  at  lett{th  actually  efliwled. 

But  highly  H  it  beeoBsea  us  to  appreebte 
the  warm  interest  wUsh  the  eoyBtry  at  hurya 


haa  evineed  for  ihe  .^Imtm  of  o«r 
nriae,  there  ia  aaotlwr  feeMaf^  wklak,  even 
in  a  still  greatmr  degree,  mast  eonaa  bone  t» 
the  bosDnof  overyone  aaaoaf  n»— 1  nicaa 
the  ansioafti^Uaitwiewhiahaaiaitaoarbeen'* 
tertahied  by  ear  sebtioas  aad  " 
Happy  sis  we  should  mdoabteAy  b 
move  so«M  part  of  their  anxiety,  ny  . 
them  aawHwHed  with  the  eomMrU  of 
preaeht  litaattan;  yet  by  a  enrtab  fealiaf 
bacparal^  ISrom  human  nalare,  aad  an 
doubt  impbated  ta  oar  breasts  Ibr  wise  aai 
benevbtMt.pnrptees,  there  '»,  peHMnna- 
thbywhieh  produera  a  aaore  eaqjatsHo  de- 
gree or>^<g(iftifieation  than  the  eertidaty  of 
our  being  Ae  oljeets  Of  that  very  aoUeiliiide 
to  thpe.we  bvet.  Whatever  eoatradbtion 
thia  bay  at  first  appear  to  bvolve,  aad  what- 
ever ygrterasuemit  may  atom  to  argue  b 
the  constitutien  of  oar  aMare,  yet  it  would 
be  hard  to  call  that  seUUhacsib  whidi  baves 
upon. the  moot  tender  eonssieneo  no  fan- 
pressbn  of  wrong,  |nd  whbh  is,  b  filct,  the 
source  afoneofdie  purest  and  most  refined 
pleisarstof  which  wa  areeapabb. 

At  tW  seamtt  of  Christmas,  whea  it  fa 
eattslilirt  Sir  all  dte  bfiiMlmi  of  a  bmar 
toassamblearouadthe  same  sodal  fireside* 
it  fa  natural  for  th«m  to  thbk  maeh  of  thoae 
who  are  wantb^  to  complete  the  tirele. 
AH  dxpeetatkm'oCour  retum-thfa  winter  will 
now  be  at  an  end*  and  a  severe  conflict  of 
eontendbi 
that  oor 

prehencion ,, _,  __ 

befallen  n*-Hit  one  moment  pai^aps,  ex- 
ulting at  the  thooghts  >of  oar  saeetss^  and 
firmly  nnpressinf  ev*ry  whh  bi«  for  oar 
evtentdal  bMefit,  tney  anticipitfn  with  proud 
and  eager  delii^t  the  tkae  whta  we  dudl 
retamto  diem  with  credit  aad  hopoar,  M 
reap  the  rewards  of  our  laboar»-«t  aaother* 
hnaginatbn  preoenli  us  to  their  vbw,sidbr- 
bg  under  privation  or  Aaease,  and  exposed 
to  alt  the  r^^our  of  thfa  bhospitable  climate 
-^beawill  natare  brMJt  fbrilh,b  spite  of 
eveiy  exeition— Ae  tear  of  silent  aoguiah 
wBI  be  shed— die  fimren^prayer  of  ploaa 
devotiott  be  oflbred  to  Heaven  for  oar  safMy ! 

The  conlideratiooe  which  I  have  now 
nrg«d,and  b  which  I  have  endeavoured  tn 
aet  fbcthcome  of  the  eireamstaaecs  by  whbh 
oar  siMttdiNifa  dhdng«usbed,shQid4niakeua 
cspeebli*.eiirafbl  diat  oar  eondaet  be  sndi 
aa  Itt  jus%  the  expectatbna  which  oar  co«a> 
ti^aiid  oar  fHendshave  formed  of  nsb  Tbqr 
bava  liirformed  their  paH  bypbaiagusjn 
Oft,  pramnt  statba  {-4t  rsinaba  Sir  «a  la 
prove  oorseives  desen^ag  of  that  station— 
aot,  mcMly  by  the  ardour  whid^  as  yeabg 
men,  we  have  all  aatnraUy  fidtat  die  b«i^ 
nbgofagreat  aad  honenrabb  enterpvbiKf 
ilotlnF  o^casionfl  salfies  of  zeslaad  eavtbii, 
which  rebpia  Jato  earebssnm  an^Mwd- 
vity  as  aMM  ai  the  occasion  jsmi  ibat  by  a 


ste#y,  uqifom^  and  hpiM^ ,  S|riaai»b  of 
dafy,aiiBiu)ibd  hf  eiroomabaeep^  vnuMtbi 


\.,.^.« 


^j-m^ 


■Jt*m.mmi 


■"^'i*.+lifll4|HiiflP9"i  I 


43 


nSMt  that  nor  atotioii  mm.  in  Uwlf,  tMler 
M  ml  difiiily  or  hnnoor  i  R  h  Oiriy  Um  me> 
dimi  thrm(h  whMt  oar  goo^  or  l»d  oob- 
doatTpill  be  nado  tlie  aior*  »ii>iiptwWMt 
it  k  tiM  hiaie  on  wiiWi  ow  nrtorc  Ihibw 
b  tbo  world  m«ut  iaovilii&l^ 


Abore  •ll>-4uiMat  the  biuUf  i^jmUto  Ufil, 
nd  tho  diMhorgo  of  oor  poMb  d«tl«i«  lot 
IN  novor  fergrt  vliot  we  owe  to  Qod  txfi 
t*  oor  mi|kboar.  Immaved  09  vo  M«  tp* 
nOter  for  •  oortain  period,  Md  Motadcd 
fipoallie rarof  Um oiTlliwd  world, It  !•  no 
IflM  our  intoroit  thvi  our  ivffti  keep  » 
aoinUBt  goord  «f«r  oar  oondoM  (Owttda 
eaah  other.  Wo  ahoald  be  pirtiotiUvljr 
owoM  torertrwi  the  n«taral  irrittblUtr  of 
temper,  to  whieb  ell  ore  mors  9ithm  «ib» 
jeet  t  to  cheek  the  rimgiof  peer^ihiieta  and 
ili'hamvori  to  fvnfn*  othwi,  M  we  oww 
Nlves  hope  to  be  rargiven.   Ltit  as  ever  -be 


readj  to  iNtot  eaeli  other  in  ell  the  kiedlj 
oifkfe  wfaieh  wnoeth  the  ragged  peth  of Ufbi 
Mid  dlieerding  ell  thoee  petry  eoiaoiitiM, 
thoie  little  pwaioaii,  wbleh  Mrre  bat  todh> 
tai1>  the  trM<miMitjr  tf  weietjr,  and  to  die- 
mee  aeiwChriitiane  and  aa  nen,  let  aeeoe* 
(BallT  nirili  with  heart  and  head  in  the  great 
work  we  iwre  ondertaken. 

Br  whatever  diataaee  we  may  be  aepara* 
ted  froinsMr  eduotiy  and  onr  rrieeda ;  let 
oa  remember  thiA  we  are  ever  mutaallj  pre- 
■ent  with  God!  flQi  all^eehig  eye  beholda 
oe  at  one  guutee..  hi*  ami  ia  ever  ttretehed 
out  to  proteet  oa— 4he  merey  and  benefi- 
eenee  or  the  Almighty  are  eqoally  extended 
to  as,  whether  we  traverse  the  fmaen  re- 
gione  of  the  nurth,  or  bask  in  the  sonAine 
of  oor  native  ptaiina. 

Yoan,  &e.t 

Aiociii. 


JVr  the  Winter  Ckmddt. 

movoHTii  oir  row  tbab's  dat»  a.  d.  1820. 


Tn  moments  of  ehaaten'd  delight  are  gone  by. 

When  we  left  oor  loved  hemes  o^r  new  regions  to  rove. 
When  the  firm  manly  grasp,  and  the  soft  htu^  sigb, 

Mai4(U  0w  mhigled  mMmtioni  of  friendship  and  love. 
That  season  ot'ploasnM  has  harried  away. 

When  throogh  finsetretehing  iee  a  safe  passage  we  foond* 
That  led  ns  again  to  the  dark  soiling  see. 

And  the  signal  was  seen  "  on  for  Laneuteria  aoandf.** 

Thejcqrs  that  we  felt  when  we  pamM  by  the  shore. 

Where  no  footstep  of  man  bad  «r<ar  yet  been  ioqiwtpt, 
WKt»n»eiHthdkU^i»iwnmmti»hhMfbktar^ 

Fnll  awiftiy  fthey  i!sd-<-wid  ttaf  hoor  loo  Is  wm    . . 

When  w«  fl^NI  the  IR«iw»P  "MiV^d  M  a  boand§, 
To  'Qtitle  oor  «rewa  to  their  ebnntiy'a  first  boon, 

iF!laUVI  by  all  faan  omen  the  paasagsf  wu  fomd. 

And  past  with  our  pleaaarea^  are  momenta  of  pain  t 

Of  anxioaa  aospense,  and  of  eager  ahwm— 
EQvironMbyiee,skillandardaorwerevafai    ' 

The  swift  movW  man  of  its  foroe  to  disarm ; 
Tbo' daish'd  on  the  beaeb,  and  oor  boats  torn  away^ 

Ko  aoehora  JsoQld  hoM  oa,  nor  cable  aeeore  i 
The  dread  and  the  periiexpfawd  with  the  day, 

Wbfo  none  but  hv>  HeaVeii  eonid  onr  ssfti^  ensnre. 

Involved  with  die  aget  existent  befoiw 

Is  die  year  that  has  breujht  as  thns  far  on  oar  wmr, 
AndgriHtode  oalls  ns,  onr  ChmI  to  adote 

Fat  the  oft-renewM  mereies  its  annals  disptay  \ 


«  Onr  riiipaiMra  the  first  that  saeeeeded  in  eflfaetiDg  a  passage  to  the  westward,  Uuwigh 
tm  iee  whiefa  Oeeopiea  the  middle  of  Baffin'^  Bay  in  the  eariy  part  of  the  aemmer. 

tTnl«gnphie  signal  tnade  by  the  Heela,  after  breaking  through  tiie  firat barrier  of  iOQ. 
M jytTirr  I naSF  '*** ***''*'*^>'y  ^<*f  **heh  we  itoled  over  the  s|)ot  asB%nedtoCR(lttB> 

^  The  merkMu  of  110*  west,  wblehehtitled  OS  to  the  first  reward  of  fiOOOL 


# 


I  riw. 

_ ,  -    -  J  ^-,, .  to  (^Wtember  Ua  elo*s, 
^  Or  in  i^^ll^tf  (^  tiiiMim  ouf  rnMtln|te;:i 
YetliMii  npiiii lA^ i^i^  thaiour  velillkliii.. . 
Till  PiMie^  i^i<le  oeipim  urdiind  q*  wn  view  i 
Bright  mp«  mW  expt^d  •»*>$  t'ollow  obi^MMirfp^ 
^nattie  (HinMrp  «el|M»eiJbitit  uur  wonfe  ^neir.     <> 
The  ft4en4i  ^  Wlvt  UH,  •!  lliii  aetata  <i^  MMlt 
»i  |>o  llwir  bo^op  (Mr  pmuHtre  or  imkMk  mMmf 
Ho  (bcf  (iktrnm  fkt  MR  in  tbete  nmt  it'ika  ewth. 
Or  «heim'd  iqtthc  •nrgm  tbat  whitcpi  (b«  auila  f 

Nolon|9r,tbvi«»i»*9i<^«)(Ri)«t<><><''<P<<*W'll>     ^ 
^  No  Majiutthvf  ioirft  «v*nr  eluin»artl»  6r«Me  i 
i^the  thoasht  ofdeipair  fomi  •Ifmim  will  inwciit 

AM  eonfldMt  reit  qo  Alnilithtj  d<i«rMi! 
WtOi  A«iii  ^e  btit  i«*f«  rtii  t>roadiM|»  (t^ 

An^link  fbtwtrd  titb  >jjr  to  th«  day*  yet  to  WMM  i 
WiMiii,  im^  hiMMiot«ritMttiM|^  warn  tMri  rtiiilt  uMvat 

J|e  Iwtittidto  |m,  MMf .^Mr(ion  4MU>  ini^ ! 
Tni  th*  ihomdrOld  Albion  onoe  Mni«  w*  re|iili> 
On«e  nibro  to  enjogr  eyerjr  bli«  «CJ  btive  kninrn. 


No.  S:t.-rlilONBAt,  JfAHtJABX  10>  l6«0. 


Sii-Mlheltiered  andorthtt  lodolmt  \^ 
if  biiblU^,  I  b«v«  never  tdceh  My  (ith«)p 

Sriinoiirtheatrieet  amawmenti  than  ttaM 
•  apeMetDr}  I  bite,  however,  bee6' n 
eObtUnt  fettebdant,  aiu)  vitMaatef  tte  a^ge* 
uttoaa't^brta  made  by  iieb,aiiaa(eoi-,  I  hpiM 
fett  no  small  deeree  of  eewsra  at  tbejbaa 
ef  time,  atid  the  iminebpMr  of  tNit^e, 
irhieh  tbeae  exeHiOM  deMMOat  the  CM 
wbiob  ik  neemarily  oee«t{rted  H  aip^riMigt 
jle»,  and  MMietiiihee  loiMf  paH»i  aad  the 
^rouble' ikad  exp^ntOr  (UT  t  nay  be  wittwed 
i>  apply  the  word  to  the  taeriMe  tit-'ikk^- 
enrtalna,  and  varieuie«hep«ptielee«)  of  p*»> 
paring  Dear  drewea  oa  <v«t  i»«a|Min ,'  ewwt' 
be  a  veiy  aerioai  ttx,  par^ientarijf  to  thoee 
gentlemen  who  have  omf '"ttd  more  plMt- 
ing  poraoito  to  OMUpy  ]iNJteiMtes.ll^bii«  dili 
aeason  of  jnaetivity  air<w^' 

Moreover,  it  iawellltiiotD  h0wv«ryli» 
mitedthe  tbeatrioal  librarjr  1%  «M,  Judiffaiji 
from  the  repreientatlbn  owtlttiindtf  ivtt- 
ing,  I  am  ioelined  to  tW^  tblimdt  ktoek 
oTitieeea  that  etlMfilited -littmiMi^  Mltit  to 
the  audienoe;  biaibaca  «xb«i|to)t«     V 

The  fMri  elKeta  prdduMd' bgr  tlw  pim 
are  toe  obirioua  tiTbe,  q[lMMhiMill|  «mt 
ahoutd  be  Oie  lint  to  Ibment  t^keir  ^^Monti* 
Buaqee,  ontil  our  iebeon  |t«tw|i4ieh«e^  bat 
QMiakleriiig  the  very  great  airiawmerilaiidl 


gratUeation  wldrii  (he  men  hm  iftlri^di 
ima  dM  fueiu^  repreaetatttiaoa,  wfajr,  let 
me  1^, eBiiht  nelaeiiM  of  neta  be  tepeil* 
edi  JPe*  W  it  mm  m  to  iniNtU  the  alichi- 
c«t  blime^iaiei^  to  the  iimft^  «r  aamtoi^ 
tee,  who  are  eafftled«  (efepeeiilfy  the  Dkallii' 
ger,)  to  oar  bcrit  and  Wiiteeet  thankattr  tM 
pefaia  whieb  iltM  tiave  Mlett;  hot  ie  It  n^ 
powiUe  that  in  tMrptat  for'the  pdhlie  weD^ 
fiire.  they  may  ovtinlalb  the  beet  toeiato  el 
aeeompliiih^  the  ol|«et1h  tieW  ? 
.  lf,the|e.iidto  ii,  j»  I  believe,  the  aMtii 
mentef  tbi  meii,  nirely  the  meat  deetmri 
ii^  of  obtaii^K  thia,  woiuM  be  to  repeit 
tl«pe  |»ieeea  froiii  whieh  thejr  bate  alrea 
dariftd  ^  grei^it  Ihare  (  why  not 
aBMa  t%[)  imt^g  Ihree  irith  whieh 
theatilfr  to  abeeciiMtuHy  opened  f  Whf  i 
tmiaek  Midn  enjoy  tM  humoora  of  Jen^ 
Sbeal^  Vttt,;^  abov*  nil,  vihy  ia  not  tPie 
JtMkJh)HlNm^te9KSi^i  Thiipieee, 
»bi*b  eoat  ao  mneb  in  pccparation,  vaa  got 
im  w  aaeeeMftii^r  aatf  whieh  not  oaly  gae* 
the  moat  eeatade  delif^  to  the  m«q  dari^ 
repreaeHtatioii,  bat  aihided  them  ici  the  ni>^ 
eoReetioaaAuderimittoniMMevein  to  tWa 

a^'l^ieiSf^  filled  r  tt«£^,j£ 
lean  oversight  that  only  aee^  t«  be  petotlA 
oot  to  be  remedied.  Pemrit  aw  thML 
tteeii^  the  meiiiam  of  your  vahiable  aou 
loaMU^  tetmbrtheae  reoMta  tti(lbe««||pu 

IP 


K 


\. 


itHtfee,  which  nMhingbnt  ■  itraof  wirvie* 
tion  of  their  triMh  would  hktte  4i«Uited  t  aiid 
at  the  mme  lime  to  mtkt  the  b4it  apoioff 
I  can  to  ynar  rvMlcra,  bj  aiiuringithen.lbkt 
th«  leoaral  good  or  onr  •ommiu^y  hn 
been  roy  flrM  and  only  parpeaa  is  t6lii'l>0fll> 
ittnaation. 

I  am,  Mr.  Editor,  Ice.  Im.  Ico. 

To  tite  JBtStor  of  the  WtiOtr  Cftrosicb. 


Sir— Underatandfatg  that  H  b  i*  tfM  < 
templation  of  teveral  gentlemen  to  istiUbliah 
a  new  weekly  paper,  Tor  ttw  purpop  of  iS- 
fording  greater  Mope  to  the  csttbcrancte  of 
penitta,  wbieh  I  am  mrcft  from  joar  v^lir 
known  liberality  of  senlimekity  irill  meet 
with  your  must  eordifti  nipport,  lim  jtm- 
boldened,  humble  a«  my  pfttetotMla  nrr, 
toMilicitthe  publie  patronage,  Md«rer.my« 
self  aa  the  Editor. 

To  diieharge  the  duties  of  this  olBee  M- 
tiifaetorily,  it  is  not  requisite  tkat  I  shoi|ld 
poMcss  an  extraordinary  degreewintene«iti 
fbr,  unlike  editors  in  general,  whO  have  to 
insert  their  own  luouibnttions  to  fill'  A  vaoatft 
page,  I  am  doubly  assured  by  the  verjr  IM» 
opinion  I  entertain  of  the  talents  of  its  in- 
tended supporters,  and  by  their  own  |epeat-, 
ed  proTewions  of  strenuously  exerthg  theoi, 
that  the  only  Jdij|«ulty  in  my  wqr  wHI  be 
the  seleetion  Of  sueh  itrbkea  of  satire,  Or 
flashes  of  wit,  as  rofey  best  fteeOrd  with  the 
Uwt«9f>tb«p9meiit 

I  ani  pdsHiTe  thitt  n^MA|  flat,  low^  4r  hi- 
dpid.'  will  ever  be  f&OliliA  on  nyflM-^  fk^ 
tSucKes  Ujm  the  liibthnttf  ol  mmx  a 
i^lf  moi^ ,  ealy  and  eWi^nt  tb«i^  Addison  i 
ixg^m  more  splendtd  find  vertaiHe  tbikta 
Blskspeire's  %iy  bwisl^b'  be  met  with ) 
biit  nopaoeity  of  |Wt<eri«li,  OM^wBt  tt  lie  Of 
llfieet:.!  to  piir^]^te  %^Wer«arflinkeof 
m  Ibtfepe^ont  ,«fl^  W^Ij-gtiW  , 
whoie  chosen 's»i-v»ni J  am  «it^i|iiiitol>e-- 

'  jPiMnk  1  eeo  evtomaitd  ^very  requisite  for 
Ifndirediate  piil^IiBiaitoi  pens  tad  ink  I  hoTe 
^b'  otjieetion  to  fUrnMi,  and  paper  for  the 
earW  nambers,  pr^vidid  tibef  do  not  nmui'' 
ni&^^thi^  K  sb^is  e&h.  000  '  .... 
0Mk  (<KK  fmtvn'lliiy^t Imp'  /ii%fl 


vHh,  mdaieeomlisiaitrahiiac.  Thellb*' 
ralhy  of  stHMMf^lis*  fbraislied  me  wkh  an 
OrtipMr  miiaeheoo,  ^  one  of  the  heMIs  of 
trhlch  I  ihiend  liavtag  a  sHt  Mt  lOr  the  re- 
««{Mkm  (if  ^MiiMbbtiM*.  '  ThoM  pardeutars 
ar«  eniaWeniled  to  d«fli6nstme  the  very 
ireit  htMMt  I  liikei«  tko  tense,  and  I  hope 
Hii!  rMsOnI  «ld^  live  btfen  addueed  will 
be  deoMed  HflleiiBlira  fRove,  that  an  edhor 
for  a  work  wlMi  broiiilM  to  eataUiah  an 
era  in  the  annate  of  literatare  mav  be  found 
in  one  powessiiw  onhr  the  fiMble judgment, 
contriMUid  mmG  aiid  (dronmseribed  faiveD> 

tioo'of, •  '■-  ■' 

9w,  yonr  uSm  obedent  Servant, 

Miinr  Habmlhs. 

9b  th»  EtKUr  tfttuWbaer  Chronicle. 

>  Mb,  BniKiB.— Will,  iuiy  of  yqar  oorre»- 
pondenia  iisa^a  rdiniL  WiiMard  a  eobjee- 
tiire,  why  the  n«sll«i^i6l  the  wihd  should 
be  aoMompaniM  by  i  eonsiderable  risotn 
th;^  t«iinP«r(rthf«9f;tlfe  airt  whieh  we  have 
fbOiid,  T  b^(i««e,  Jnvariablv  Ae  ease,  from 
whatever  direetini  the  wfairf  blows. 
I  irtn  Sir,  lie.  iK^tce., 

A  (kiiHnJLn  RiADBa. 

THXATBICAL  BSIORT. 

On  Tharsday  evening  the  oflhers  of  the 
Expedition  performed  the  fkree  of  Sm  Tm, 
or'  Mfh  ij^  abviH  Stain.  It  happened 
unfortunately  that  the  weather,  whien  pro- 
mised folrln  die  mombig  beeame  ineiement 
m  the  afternoon,  and  eontiooM  so  lAueh  so 
during  the  performanee,  as  materially  to  in- 
eoaTenkVMi  tbe  jierformers^  and  to  leisen 
the  gretifleatlqli  wUdi  tl^e  andlenee  wottM 
otherwise  hevwieeeehred  from  their  exertl^nk 
We  are  lnfomie«|l  iriMst  the  therttoroete^ 
way m^.twelve  dqpeea  below  sero'on  the 
8tMp,adls|['"etf«oMiu  suited  to  the  dressei 
of  Uie  foir  sex  eapeeia)ly. 

.  Whilst  on  the  jsobject  of  bo^  theatrical  eo' 
tertiifaiiment%  we  beg  leave  to  retnrn  onr 
thttikstothe  eontributor  of  the  first  artieli^ 

f  the  present  number.    We  arto  persufdcd 
at  mioyofoor  readers  will  join  w/tth  ta^iiif^ 
M^  hope  that  iu  snijeet  will  not  be  deeoM 
bdiWBth  the  oootiideratioh  of  the  oommittee. 
of  sU^-nMUMgemcnt. 


Tlieatre  Ed|ral,  iN^orth  Geoiglft. 

_,  Colonpl  Fetal vefl,  '   Mr.  PabHt. 

*_w  Freemim,,    fci»T*Mr  SAiyK  Sir  TMlia  M^Miove,    Mr.  Gsu.mii 

2^  ,      Obadiah/rlm,    MK  WakMux.  Tradeiovi*,  J«r.  Howskii. 

ijP^  Per(y}^i<e,Mr.Ni»a.  Saakbot,       Iftr.  BttNiirAir. 

/^imon  Pui%       Mir.  0stSR£«f .  Anibittldab, 

'"'^t^.  PrAifv      Mr.  Hoo#Ki^  ArniLmlf,     Mr.  Ross. 

«  ■  ■■■■    8(^6SaanHM(  will  be  interspersed. 

^^oOratb  he  opetaed  at  Half  past  Six,  and  the  F*fert'ornittnfl^  (o  commence  at  Seven  o'elock' 


t- 


IIt.Baiis. 


li 


U-{ 


T(MI>9  fht  «|iMMta|rt  ««»»« and  Mw  pum  «t  Ui6  -^ 
Hmwltt  ITI-gtifBawafitnlieaFyiowtiteyw 
•  /iit  mf  w*^  ^  ^4  tiall  ho&f  aPvMr  IMe, 


■•'^1 


M  aMMf  «i»MinM«-v«  /refer  airman  jar  a  rrtj 
4lf  tMVWpai<>t«d  it  next  WedMI^/ «rMk, 
SlMNli(ltiMtb««W«ott  for  th*  Aoton  toi|lcidC. 


Tbe  Comrnittee.  0.  XHm  t1ie«tr«  rajiiiMt  die  Editor  ^ill  give  pul>lle!i>  to  their  iIiM*ov«l 
of  iliy  iMi«tfei|liti«^li»iMp#iili-'4ri*i)^  Latter,  vhioh  m/t^vX  io  th*  Otb  Number  oTtiie 


,4-  • 


\MUr  (^ratdde. 


Tlwfollo«ta(^«9iliinifMlMti<«  readied  iia 
on  Fridmr  f^i  hit  jdat  fa  time  to  aave  tha 
pftaa.  On  iMMnuptt,  wo  fNNroalitM  that  the 
yi^milf-  ia'MiAnM^liOdar  ».,griai!inoe«"«rhioh 
•oliir  ■■  wo  imatniland-liiaa,  anakea  hin>r« 
gWt  for  thoimaaci^HttO  InMiiion  ofhialetter. 
Wo  ha'e.,th«Nfb(^,  hoet^  Mdaced  to  wan* 
t^  Mnii(krMio«#N«li  4|  ia  oiir  ooaiiaei|»  to 
gnre  to  tin  artioifatw^  w^rii  wo  iii  Oinr 
eolunini,and  haireaQbniita^UaloUar,with' 
oat  deby,  to^or,  raadora.       1 1 

Tt  A»  EdUrn-  ^  Urn  WtMerChmkh. 

I  am  rather  aoiipriaad,  Mr.  Bd^oiviloee 
I  believe  the  origiaM  inti^ntioa  oC^tho  Winm 
Chrmdek  waa  ox^eodiMrfy^ftroigii  10  w|iat 
appAura,  1^  dcsroeai  (o  oaiia  oii^  fato  it. 
and  whiah  ia  fir  on  tlie  eliniai  to,:.deoi(le4 
p^raonaytfi  t  aiean  the  Murlima  attaaka 
mafie  oo  Uw  a^veral  aglfaborMif.  our  oomr 


BPfriiy.  Jiiiio,  M^. 


.  .     .     ...         , .    ..  ia?*.iwno  fa' 

wUah  «  paiir  oTaplfoa  vor^  4aoltte4  toftave 
atnjred  troa  their  «w«er^i^N<fc  |,BdH<laoe, 
next  door  to  the  Oh^HmNpa.  Nmf,  aa  I  am 
eooidootjoii  are  ft  aiMUi:who.T«tM8  a  k- 
apaai^la  M|Kiiatfaa«  ia,09  faBiiitelf  hMker 
dofreet^^  ttMp  th»  aidv|ii^M#»  tferiiiM  worn 
ypttr  wMiqriiWpihaivJiqo^^  Pjr  dntf 
triirani!faa'  I00ti:m-pfi$m-^fii^'-^ 
tiaao,  I  mkMiSMbaaiiltflil^  ajpan  putjof 
^  Uttlo  aoaiig^irito  aai#HMto  t»  \(»M*mf 
(Mlteaoe »  lot  I  iMApfltaad,  and  thatiftikn 
dio  moat  roaMtabte^aHiM^  laid 

IMiraoo  lifaui4hidt(t^,wbatt;»<ippMebe 
wMdd  eall  reviah^  bii1|nnotiif(heijieeo«BUB  t 
ht«a «f  the  matter, ahaolote^altorinf  and 
ra^^oiodd^K  it,aMrdfaf tofijhowBftovj. 
Siiioa  llii  ia  tno  eaaa>^  <»  tnvtidx  led  to 
iaiagliMiM  tM  iadvettiwm^  iflftdod  to 
wartttaiMied  for  a  aMKhbonrfiC  miao^re- 
lidiaK  in  Ordnofieaiioqaare,  n«itl ,  door  0 
Apotneeariiea'Iiallf^whoae  «^pAr  I  know, 
strnred  aomo tlntaofB,  and Inear hivf  now 
entirely  ttlkhinpt  Mtmlfae,  Mr.  SaJnr : on 
th«i  abnbwiw,  mfao,  indoed,  atia  Ai  th^^nto 
:a  aa  exea«|Hni||jr  forwiinf  MMO.  laih  «»- 
tnrally  fond  of  the  piaMi^aeVaM<Pierefore 
have  them  fa  front  of^^lny  itramiaaa.  ^  1  take 
^ttnah  delight  fa  thita  aa  t  do  in  my  very 


aeir,  and  ahall  tor  ever  fiave  them  before  me* 
ThiJH  Mr.  Elditor^  ia  not  the  whofa 
coiablainL  I  waa  the '  utiiet'  d^  ad 
intaftcd  IA  my  faee ! !  Aa  1  «aik 
mjc  table,  a&dying  fa  uppi 
Rhoakl  pop  fa.  bat  one  <if  yout>  devfii :  tbo'  Mt- 
nudent  follow ,  j<fgnnUet|  oC  nv  agp  and  iii- 
nratitie^  epmipelMed  hi*  Inauinationa,  and 
bydepceatoid  me  I  wet  the  identiaal  litrla 
roan  aihlM  to  fa|«ttriaiitta.  I;ba«e«  Mr. 
lMitdr«''iiati»|liifMlrit.;ft<^  It»'..«riwii0iee- 
ment,  nml^  ai  roytorideitte  iO  ItiiiiA  miie(i« 
exeommOttioateaLmo  from  iMMiiety,  nopart  ot 
it Ml|((i.«xfliie  my  atrieteat  aerutiny.  Bat 
lanaii  proeeed  with  my  grievance,  he  ex- 
p|ainM|o,n!k«k^^IaaM>eliN«,  that  ••Iwaa 
tholnlAo t^^^ilMied^td  havoHaen  Trom the 
band-box,  and  that  I  alia^one  day  or  tha 
other,  voald  bo  wliiaet  to  a  hen>pc«kiof." 
— It  wo«d4Jbave  hfiea  aa  well  for,  Om  wmb- 
bler  fajdhe  luriM  iUipart  oTNa  aft«^  wMl 
iokataad'''^  lixre  |  Have  hh»^  Iwre  fif* 
tm  expreaaod  m  fateotfan  ovwp  faM^f 
aod  aupooae  t  ahooMr  T  wall-ri|ni'aaifv 
thif  opteioai  of  alU4lniicfmiiM»,  who  wmkiiid 
enOttgb  to  ayjiopathlae  and  eondtda  irith  me^ 
ooa  limilar  oeaaaiiolir  and  ha  he  ia  ft  matt 
who  baa  lived  lonifcr,  aiid  I  am  aora,  khOw'a 
more  or  iSn  woHd  tM^  lHaL  I  adhaider  hia 
fiivt^mt^aathority.  |ie|ald~<'>t'hatritae 
men  w«r«  nanally  walWtd  Wit|k  cxtraiMNU«»- 
f^taNnte^-tfiat  they  were  ao  polite^  aa  kindf, 
aoei^ry^thiiw  a  lady  ao^hrwlsh:  ind  lhc«a» 
fors,  I  a^  aj^oat  eOoil^i)n€:tbey  are  aaltfeift 
to  ie««rp#(rtaiy  thaA  #raMitHar  a  eonway 
deaarfptliiiii^  Aad  am^Kaaa  the  ediialtmlOtt 
hero  #awtt  to  be  porfoit,  I  may  refy«  Mr. 
Ediiar,;  o»  IMfag  a  aaolt  iptiiit  and  peaoair 
bifr'llfo,  wel«  I  to  venfare  to-morrow  to  ^ 
BBft^inMaial  ahrfae*  T*fU0ng  foa'iriil  Jie 
convinaodorthlft  petfoaiSatiaii  wtho  dne  ea% 
aad  faaoyida|tf6a,Jf  aot  altogethor,  ooii^ 
Oi«ng  wHB  iqr  hyfkameateiothoathit-,  wMih 
appeara  to  me  to  be  tolonddy^^wall  feandody  I 
eooclBdo,  tniatisf  yba #iltliili|talra, for't^ 
aake  of  your  rapMmdit;  exaOifao  yoi^r  paflw 
immediatoiypravloM  to  ita  jmMimloo  Hi 
l^abll^  that  aaoh  altlMionia  whMf  yeariirii» 
tiara  may^hava'  tnkett  tipon  tnemtto  mtf^, 
moy,  by  your  timely  famtioy^  jn»ailM>  tlti^ 


■I' 


.„^,^g-«(t.v_^y,^ 


m 


» 


riMligr. Ml*  ttwretar mm imvvbnMil- 
i«  irain  ImiMmtini  drliiiniiiMn,  vkkii  vtti 
•witit  it,  II  ihi*,  mv  pitwrlptioo,  b«  QM  en- 
fbrMd.       I  uin,  Mr.  Editor, 

Vou.  Rincfru  w^ll*tMlier,  V.D. 
P.8.  You  will  iiardon  th*  aiwaliingjtolr, 
Mr.  Edhor,  bi  whieh  Iput  (likMyoHr  ImmmI, 
DOtMngFriilaT  ni|lt((  ud  MrQi^  «»  iMt 
nomtai  urovoked,!  immI  thh  nmiili  m  it  it. 
In  order  if  odv  mm  rwtoiiw  to  No.  1,  BcU- 
Ih)«,  Im  iDtCDOcd  (br  loMrtioo  in  your  nest 
number,  yoa  may  havo  m  opMrUinityQr 
froventing  k. 

▲DVERTISfejllENTB,  &c. 

▲  amr  wamu.t  VAtiBl 


On  Satarder,  ike  Snt  Dar  tt  April,  1180, 
imi  bejioMMitfil  tb«  4m  Vartibor  oTa  ne« 
W«*fkly  Ptorr«tobt«aned,    , 

THIS  iroir-ci))rriii||!!rr0i^'8  PoaTi 

or, 

QiffoaiTnii  t^MfM, 


■  A* tM  Mp» oTtKlaMMr  if  Mloljr loiet 


the  editor,  wUl  mtMtt  Ufi^lf  reffMuilyp 
that  no  artkl«i  whatever  dMlIhe  oniU||d« 
wkiali  to  kie  knowMge  eoaitaina  an  attMK 
upn  anyMtoJum  «C  iIm  cbninialere.  re> 
Mrvuif  i»  klmo»ir»kQv««fr,  tke  d'aarvtlon* 
aor  p«w«v  «r  aMioi  10  ««  fU^ring,  any  eon- 
tributiooa^w^rik  MtpapiMmrtohim  toadmit 
of  aoMiMtolad  mm*  «r  on  any  other  ibni- 
lar  aeeoant,  utf  of  citkor  bridly  aeelpUiiff 
hia  r««Mn%  or  otlieririM,JW  he  may.  Ikini 
proper.  .  .  , 

OrtgtiuU  «m»triba|ioi!l  on  tk*  mt^Mt*  ^m- 
•ittent  wir*.  van ptKi«r  the p^r,  will  be  m- 
Mptal>!«.  The  Editor  begi  it,  however,  to 
b**  diitinetly  onderatood,  inat  he  ia  wholly 
independent  of  the  gRiitlemea  of  the  Expe- 
dition 1^  i^  wppo(t,*h9'iM»^Joi(lin,^ 
his  own^afiA'ui,  a  ai#oiM^  •W**  ol  t||M  Of* 
Mwary  in«  *i«itt  *»jmm  of^  *^  BW" 
Po^oCh     ^\  C%r»«aloyimiWi' 

dwte  attf  nti99.  on  keiot  •%««#  ^M> 
Editor  at  the  0.|*.  libraqr,  Floet-auirM, 
«h«re  oMu  beobta^ed  al^.|he  ftm^gm^ 
pampblett  of  thik  diigi' 

.%8utibfiWfiS#«ed. 
Book>binding  jn  «U  its  braoebet. 


% 


Nq.  Xir.-U,||flllllAT,  J[ANU4ltT  17a  isao. 


''ft**  ( ■  ■'  i 

.IP»  #>f  V  vwnifwiiji,  Mtaiwur  lioving 
1|  fA  Ve^nesdigr  tatt,  tl»n  gr«at«Nt 
rnntiml  MM»veirk4««roaoHed% 
.  Bv«.  infil^  d^  omaidiitoMiiiMteiroet 
. ,  ■iJo«l¥.WMf  ^onremiDdcntti  ftr, 
lepfna«9|l]r  of  Mf  boln|«»>oto(«stbig  fa«« 
If  «Wh!4o«y  ofwvoyagf,  jjMomstoAaw 
Mrrroll  Uw  metiA  pnvpOM  ok  cetieving  us 
from  that  djill  mowMO^v,,  ^Uk  wWoli,  Ibr 
•0^0  w«w>«H,  «*ie  <%  Ipa  auaeeeded 
V^m^  ,  Kor  WW  Riiji  Ikieg  be  qtfire  «at*t 
nt,and  iroay.J^N^.adid,  movoiri^vor. 
flijr,^ than.^o  eaganma  with  wlpi.U  kH 
oe«n  deb^t«4  <H  «I>p  labi«««  whether  the 
ther(nfi)miH«r  stoetli  at  10  l'8,ar  «iQ4-4  thot 
'  f  bilker  ye  b^at  th«  reat  ertke  wqirlii  bjr 
JO  orblikive  «partenora,ita«Me<l,J 
Ife  even  kaa^  it  aMeirte4  bar  OMvfe»tW 
»apn,  who  s«ein»  fle^rrolnrir  to.hand  <Mir 
tWpes  (town  t«  pwtMily  ^itk  «U  iihe  honiNur 

* JPiftj  dfgraet  fwiV  bii^  bolowJoROi 
Ihia,  h^wevvr,  ia  not  lAw  gmiteft  degreo  of 

fiiu,:)!  ^Id  on  iiveord  l  t-iI?  m.mM  to  havo 
.  (Ai|vi.'«ed  by  Mr- JV""*  Eti*W»i  W  Vjr- 
tegu  iM.'.Sw  iiuMiHii  domioioRS,  on  the  Stl| 
tf  ifHnmM!/  l780.rrCn. 


vhiiik  ostr«nieJmt^«ii,«eoJer»  UwI^Im 
tberpmotop  aatoim^  tmni  faii^,  -  umI  w jMbr 
M|«inB|(itibg,or  wineiw^  »a  f3Fe«  M 

ytm  rendwPl  «Miwi|Md  wJUi  th*«i|Ml(^>«( 
SMO lery  oa<4iaJk IMni  mJnntooMrvitiiana 
Wioi  by  myeeifosi  tihoaMviiiwothornioH^- 
t^ra  0^  onjhit  i»f(»«^  dnys  ^Hf^r  ^"oi» 
amde  witK(Mi«itf  PoHiiod^oigbtfoat  aflhfl9> 
maiio  t«leai«pea>  «fi#i«)M#aiii^if«4»v«ak 
y«m  n  mt«*omeier««Mle^  apuiietil'to  it  b«r 
rnvselfifiaviMar  IngeiiJMa  manner,  h^  whki 
I  found  tbermmeitf.  No.  t  to  iotimttte-rr 
SP*.«t{S,  mmB>.  A  -A  Stt^.S45.  Ttw  mean 
qfthoM,  «fs;,  S(MI,?30a»ay,  I  think,  ha  Idr^ 
■tateti  aa  the.  aMnal  dogreeloC  oolidhto  be  re? 
gistered.  I  Hurt,  iMr,  that  the  Man  with 
whioh  thoM  obeiH#a|iien«  wece  oqMwMmI, 
(Ite,  exueUeui  of  tkia  iiMtraittetua  eVipltqEwb 
at»d  my  w«ilck«(Wbn  akiH  in  thoM  maitwft 
will  be  aufllioient  10  Ml  Uu«fifi<Vi  intoreeling 
iM4,importiliil,<|ue«iiim  a\ve«t  fot-  ever;  apd 
that  your  rea^onjuil  bf,aatii|ed  thai  they 
have  ai yet  .mitifliifeci'ed  iiifi:ntX>o€  dw  ha- 
b»iakl#  gMw  «RiX.bif  730  thMMiodtk  ftm.  «f 
a  «ingle  degren  of  Pabrenbeit'a  lOale. 
lam,  Mr.  C^litoi*,  • 
Toor  modest,  bumble  Sirrvan^ 

Sitaav-fiaT'iuoHT. 


I» 


:.,-t::-^K'Wiyfi.'f- 


■  9.  a.  Mm  tlwhwii  M|«M  m  hi  up    iJm*«Bmmiifid 


||p»  «»«««■  w  aigr  nlhyimWrn  iiiiM!M«w.Mii 

vunHmwrn^  (iT'  MwiM^MM»fHr  tW 
kfMt  of  o«r  mmwimiiiMitkipHpiii. 

p«rt«  nwirlj.  1  •amiot  rafiMr  np»K  Ui« 
Oil  wrar  l»  wlilith^  ait#iKi||pf  «U  i«  ow 

Before  ve  give  DublieiQ  ttitfif  iuktewMal 
iBtte^,  AMMkMwd  Iqi  J*  MtiMb  nWilrire 
iMartwl  in  «ir  iMt  MiMikw  hwwiis  tte  liv* 
•iMiM  tf  JI.  Q4,  iWK  b«f  w  i«(lb«  nfew  re^ 

MMWkttC    w'OMIlkllVMhlltofMlff'fWrMpWIo 

dent»aMl«f  M#>#mden,  tmt  MfifeiaMjR  of 

(hrftMMF.  ^: ' 

Fnm  the  temnaeiMement  df  our  ^miin 

gnqnd  ••  «hi«k  «•  wiNwIiaiii^lveiMht 

■•Ml  atMoMi  ,lli«ietii»  ImI^  Wt 

vera  iBd«fMkl»  li»«««M>^  «•  take  npm  oi«r« 
Mkw  Ikw  MtpoiaiUlilf,  iM|Miring  «  nor* 
tlMa  drdinaty  Mation,  by  the  foUoiiNn»e«iiii*- 
iMwuicM  t  f >«,  tht  diflfHMx  ultft^  ew 
Comepoadentt  reprsMnted,  of  finding  <»l|ef 
■ilmttt  iHmriiidMi  tt  Mia)  aowwjtmm, 
vitt  «hii4i  to  fill,  «w  eMMi»t^mfe«MiMi, 
Amm  Mir  ex!«««ifr«e«  el 'Qpi'owe  muiMi*^ 
ontji  tfiaiMlain»4  «Ktlw  ape  side,  tol|CM 
McjMlf  wMiia  Ike  l^dinda  of  pbyful  an4 
lMr«ki«»ini|iln^  9ta'0dk$>-mhti^WO9(li- 
ImoMob  «ini  *M«|i>i*  waa  <aet  MilM  oibelt 

viMi  «iii  Madeira  t«wi«i«riw«l  tlMM)«Mi<< 
mwniaatlMWt  eidt  ImI^  norltpa^  fi«ni 
%#ur<1laf|''  WK'HeA'-ttiit  #«  (pMMrMifi4« 
pvriod  tJ»  dient,  «lten«ver  th^  sUaalA  m* 
pMNwh»«lMk  Unite  ttb^  Itatf  iMin^liiih^ 
Kapceted.'.  1Mp«W»  lii»rlwNfe'  vitimut 
■  hOH.  tk^ip  <|««im9ii  oftinie,  mil  aob- 
»wtt  waoM|^etti«aetottdieri^tabi«in- 
liPiiiMc  merit,  and  wMlil  m  veH  iM  enter- 
taining. This  eomridentiM  aqpttint^  the 
gntiffeation  wMi  vliiqi|««^«|«ilked  m  «- 
eeUeot  letter  mil W>  fornil  ml  gAjiter  pert  of 
oor  tenth  Nnmben  and  we  are  happf  ifl 
believing,  that  were  tK»  letter  viewed  in  no 
other  lighi  m^  aatafc  >aipeiiB>e>fe  W^me- 
¥Mbxm  fivaaifm  oi'WW,  iiM  •ircfil.t^' 


Qpeiiie 
him  our 


the  readwaofUie  lf%i«rr 

jqtt  valoift  the  rcfolt  vaa  noit  hlMif  « 

tiKketorv  Mail  tn^mMjijjitm.  ':'••■'      ■•  -  *'X  ■'"• 

We  ahoiiid  lM«e  prefis^  twiUti4^^\» 
ordimry  parn^  of  thiklshWMe  hi  4ieSliii- 
jeeu  ehiiMi^liljr  tttfr  W&lbami  ^ItMlli 
eHdeavoariiigib  baateii  itby  liif  reihitkief 
our  own,  had  we  nbt  been  OMittrained  to 
the  preietit  notice  hy  the  letter  of  K.  C. 


»  wm  »*nK§  in 
«r  Miadviae,  fir  whi4l  we  retnra 
onr  MkiMtwIodMienia,  bn|  beMoaahe 
liaa  hinnelf  indalge^  e««i  teycxd  hie  pre- 
deecMwi,  in  the  paaetlae  whiah  It  waa  hit 
eiwwlal  tdjwtlp  awitiew  iw  agatnat 

We  have  mralled  oorael  vca  of  the  oeeathM , 
to  eipreai  time  mtteh  of  eor  aentimenta,  per- 
anaded  thaft  aal>aom>apoodent«  wUI  ever  rt- 
melbhiN"  ink  oaraelvea,  that  It  ia  of  fcr 
mora  impertimee  to  aveid  giving  pain,  than 
toaiiniia9i  wi4tlMaeir-<tov«  wiUrreituaMfj 
poiiit  «ah«lk»  wphiadaaigned  to  be,  mA 


Tt  th«  BdUm^ff  Urn  WlmtHf  ffkrmklt. 


,_    .   have  tmr-^^^ 

eheerfbhieaa  a«  a  dotf  we  owe  tftaoaiety  t 
and  repanMof  venr  panera  aa  •  aMana  «C 
promaing  Moft  hnmdir  aaMfog  oa,  1  hwro 
alway  a  fwR  iNapaaed  tA  reeeive.eDte»Uinm«nt 
flMa  the  HvelW-ttllivs  of  wit  wUth  have  on. 
«f«NHMf  flM  itve«lum«ii,witwithataading 


th<y<|yiMMiwiialhuM  apawiiibaiUhat  «•  eli- 

cwnnhdMrdl^  Md*lDwan|»  whieb  he  eevtaipii. 
If  atniBiieea  aoMe  hw  8tq«  beyood  any  of  hia 


NorihoaW  I  now,  Mr.Kditefr,  feel  am 
diawMM«p»  b»4NMi]M*.«f  lh|»  HheHy  tahan 
wi^  Hljr  itavaen,  hai>  y«ae  Qorreapondant : 
oh(th«di;the  waMs  wbieh  he  hal  thought 
pMiperiQr piit1nu» my  no«ifc, in  good hooeal 
6«gliM»  d««mi  bat,l»be%  an  MoMlay  qMrn*- 
inf  hnt, -1  leirA  ireail  fhmi  ywor  eolMana, » 
leilenM»povtiimi«  e«n»A«pn  m  reaii* 
deMe^l^<fcl|.«ll4i^,  lows  that  1  felt  a 
atrong  Mahhe  tA  deteet  th&  aaihoe.  Aflep 
the  hatehety  that  Jwd  been  eoaaMiittai^  1  bad 
aohMeaof  aeftef  the  aiMmd  Mfvet,  bat  I 
thBtttjNMTWMlMalyiiBaaiiM  Kmb  i^ight  be 
deteatid;  and  on  looking  minutely  around 
the  table«  I  am  mr?  f  e^ied  a  nlitaiy  head 
aerveit  i^r  ▼WwKt  the  naual^  iiomiuirr  ot 
brains:  bat  tiMa  was  not  tafidbnt  evidemse, 
and  J  had  PW^wne  vi  9;  seeond  reading  ot' 
the  leiten  hAVthtf  diRi!il(|lf  ipf  niiMprehnM' 
ing  it  'K^  tie  lhtl«  Mob  of  wieeew.    t 

trarlte  mmnt  for  th^  « i4etttfieaqae,'*>  ^pd 
hii^el|pli#al^ia  tt>hav«  eaWtoln  tbeliwit 
of  hwprinihieB;  ijiaiaifil'df  the  asaal  «e(rii« 
ruMl^  Mferailry^,  tlMNMilM^i  Ite.  h§i- 
I  eonil  (Kkaovter «'  atvMnr  infH  «f  Hia  ^al 
cei^i  i(ti4  T  waa  thiVVMtt  hmMNed  to^ 
otiAniMt,  when  f  foiiin#tli#4hnlalitMrnf  f  #  ' 
kt(iA^*A|iolh»^<^'ft«.}  lMpni»  titii  it  lift 
ktmwn  to  be  |b#l8iiMi«ge  of  th^^itT  «M< 
aik««Md^  by  «i«%iihJdt&«r«if  t2ie  Mai; 
l^rgeoftadf'tjhi'dajft-':  •:^    -  -il 

BSlhir^to,  M^i^ter,  amontitaoMll^tft 
8tt«pii^o«r«*dK wfiflk^lbui  tf  flaJlHlatf- 
ing,  I  readlved  to  reqnoR  yon  to  give  pnbli- 
eity  to  my  disatnswalof  the  letter  written  in 


vnu^tmim-' 


my 


I 


1 1«  Mf  dMir*  that  (IM  gMMla- 
r  tm  mif  U.  vHi  Mt  afrik 
tfM  flrtiMr  «r  Kb  »lt 


•heoMiMferi 

lam,  Mr.MHor, 

YowlMUiM«8«rvMtt, 


TV  «A«  Xdtor  f/'lM  IFkair  Ckrvniek. 


Sib— I  rMBMiltar  luifinf  mm  ttmi,  in 
thiOhni't  TraiMb,  «t  a  iMwhiae,  Um  bmh 
«kw  of  vhMi  lbmi«d  l«tt«n  ii^o  words,  Md 
wordi  into  MatenM«t  and  k  iito  a  •imUar 
neehraiMl  loarM  that  1  ueriba  tha  letter 
of  N.  C  in  your  hat  B«nb«r. 

It  appear*,  howtver,  tn  be  tlM  afbrt  of  a 
noviee  in  the  aMnagement  of  the  book' 
auUng  apparatnat  nr  had  the  iaatnuaeat 
Mnally  BMMiiead aaah oflbett,  noterm  die 
HfM  of  Laputa  had  tolefttad  iia  twa.  I 
wonid  edviie  your  OorraiMBdent  «o  try 
uwiher  torn,  aao  if  thii  fUb  another  yet  t 
bnt  iheuld  he  Millilnd  biaaMlfwMiaeeeMrnl, 
he  may  try  what  it  wW  avail  to  write  the 
MBteneea  produead  in  two  eelumna,  when, 
parhap^  the  arflM.eanJing  may  he  a  nauwr 
approiiauftion  m  aanae.  Beginnara  ire  ever 
ia  a  hurry  far  tlw  aomMetioa  af  their 
Mheme,  and  I  thtok  it  prabaUe  aaall  a  Jhal- 
ing  may  have  hdoeed  ttw  nrtitt,  instead  of 
waiting  fw  the  prodneUen  of  qrlt*Mealram 
their  clement^  (letten,)  to  throw  in  fiMKiy 
made  wordiof  an  hard  a  natnra,  aatoeaaae 
the  injory  of  the  meehaniam.  Bat  |  mar  be 
wrong  in  myaonahMan*  aod,  taerenre, 
•onfearing  my  «fwn  total  inability  to  dimarar 
thesearct,  reqwMl  that  ya«  will ,  lofeurm  me 
what  ancaning,  if  thmro  be  aiqr  at  aU^ttanbes 
to  the  paper  hqieitian.' 

I  remain,  Sir, 
y  Todraoniiartraadar, 

ra  OeBdltmr  ^fthemmtrCkmiicle 

^s.  E9iTo»— lia  peroaalof  an  artiela 
in  ybnr  lut  wcek%  Jforober,  hat  akrangely 
poaaled  ma :  that  moeh  hdionr  had  been  ef- 
pandad  in  its  «aaapo«tion  wm  Mifteieal^ 
oMoiwt  hot  altar  repeated, r^iMNnn, 
atKmUtQreadHthnwgil,  thadw^i 
demSrcd  of  ^iasovering  the  tHimiif  » 
mnahpainst  ^Jmnafa^niae  wggwmi.  it- 
self to  me.  whieh,aMafrt  the  maay-aniM. 
twaM  whieh  I  ha«ah^ai7ip  the  «wme><<tha 
w«al(,i«  the  only  aim  «balsoppas  aiijrsa- 
tiifastory  method  of  aeainantiM|;  Gar  it. 

It  islrril  lni4V«»  M?.  Mior,  thattha 
Non-Contribaiora  to  yopr.aolamns,  aniioas 
to  pmra  that  inabQi^Jii^  kept  them  M- 
lent,  have  beao  of  lat»  tfatUng  aatreng eau<« 


vaaa  la  eptablish  an  OMaailian  paper.  Now, 
as  hi  all  .warlare,  straugamsare  raaartad  to^ 
may  it  HOC  be  as  imporUnt  to  weaken  an 
enainy^  position  as  to  straagthen  ane% 
ownf  Coosidar than  thh eattaardiaary  lai« 
tar,  ss  the  Johtprodaationflf  thejnntol  of 
oMMitioa,  w^KenwItlitbainsidbasdMigB 
or  raisiflf  a  hMgh  at  the  expense  Of  dw  pn- 

Eor  whieb  shonMiiHert  Ri  wearing  (he  asm- 
laneeof  gri^'.'anae  nnd'  eomplaint,  lase- 
enre  a  reeeption  whieh  it  might  not  other- 
wise have  foand  t  iniaaded,  sMimover,  per- 
haps, as  a  sali|eetihrthe  ptat  essay  of  op- 
positloo-aritialMiontliA  tat  of  April «  and  it 
oaanot  fail  to  strike  you  as  so  well  adapted 
for  the  parpose,  as  to  give  eonsiderable  pro- 
bability to  my  sormise. 
It  may  than  be  deemed  a  fidr  sample  of 

have  m  emrtand  I  esarted  hem  aaest  snitaapa- 
folly  h  pradnelng  a  labonred  eomposilion 
whieh  shall  appear  at  Irst  sight  peift^y 

flOtMltrf. 

Should  (dm  mastarJumd  that  direetsthls 
knot  of  oppositidnisai  passess,  in  an  equal 
degrae,  the  skHI  of  produalng  the  revevaa 
eiltfst  to  the  present!  shaaldhe,  in  othei^ 
words,  be  abh  to  extraat  a  meaning,  and  re- 
model in  an  inteliigiMe  fbnos,  aneh  a  hetero- 
■eneoos  eomposition  as  the  letter  of  N.  C, 
I  fear  his  snoeew  against  you  will  ha  inaii- 
table. 

My  purpose,  Mr.  Edili<»,  h#s  been  to  put 

Ken  your  gMid  against  attempts  of  this 
linniturei  berlups,  alsa»  faiasnribing 
the  letter  of  N.C.  to  the  qnarter  1  have 
pointed  out,  you  may  partake  of  the  advfo> 
tage  wUah  T  havaftdnd,  in  being  able  to 
join  heartily  te  ||w  Iraanent  UmJi»  whieh 
IthtaoaaaMoaad^  naaastuprassad%thefbar 
that  thoasirth  af  a»me  oOo  unfortunate  wight 
of  the  landktts  around  me  was  assuasad,  to 
shield  himnom  a  qnix^bkh  ha  had  brgaghC 
on  himself. 

I  am,  Mr.  Editor, 
'    Tour  hwnbia  Hervanti  '<■ 


OdlTUABT. 


On  Moiidqr^  tk)i  9tb  histaat,  hetwaan  the 
hours  of  sbiand  eight  in  the  nwrnilng,  died, 
inthepriaaaaf  life,  John  GoH/ a  youth  of 

"  One  of  a  pair  of  glaneoas  gull*,  whieh 
hsdben  taken  fntes  a  neiAQn  one  of  the 
Nprdi  Gaorginn  Mahds  in  the  slUiBiner,  and 
broni^up  onhoMili  when  full  mwn  they 
shewed  no  dispasition  to  quit  the  ship- 


49 


Tflij  pnmMMi|  fMnoi  mm  tiirRaniiwuy 
eaddwnHHMi.  H*  «M  dttMrnM  fironM 
a««iml  and  rwpMUMi  flunHj  in  tlM  nortlit 
uhI  »u  on  hh  trtnrato  to  m*  Um  «orM,  m* 
eorojwoiwl  to  kh  trio  thiar,  wim  ha  wm 
Mkhboif  M*eilMil-iiMr,  kkTtag  hm  to  d«> 
,ploi«kis  irwpanWi  nM.  It  to  loppawd 
iMt  had  ha  Ihrad  to  raoah  Bnglandi  ha  voold 
haw  obtaioad  oiw  of  l,ha  ftnt  aiMathioa  va- 
aant  in  tha  BritUi  Moaemi. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


TWO  ainsBAa  uitaM. 

lOST,  withi««k«  Ian  month,  a  UND- 
VSi  MURBAYI  GRAMMAII  and 
BROWN'S  FOUO  DICTIOHABT.  Tha 

owner  having  maeb  oaaaiion  for  tbam,  and 
laboarioK  nndar  aerioaa  faiaanvanifnae  from 
thafa>laM,  Jaindoaad  to  oKrthaaboro  «•• 
ward  to  anjr  peraon  or  pcmna,  wbo  matr 
hava  rooad,  and  will  rHnm  the  mma  to  hiii 
raaidanae,  Bnddar  Haad-Hoiiae^taar  Aftar* 
Hold,  within  tbaanmiagwaclt. 


Barijr  In  Mat  «W  IMMMUNd.  in  OiM 
VolamaOm|f«i  MM/  kowid  in  Calf, 

OLAVii  ieiliioiitcUBu  I 

^iftftftj^*^'*'*** 


ContainlMinll add  aomat  aaaannt oT  tha 

Anthoraf  OMh  actitia  b  that  paper,  #ilh 
fiM-aknHea  aT/pavainl  of  tiM  hana>wiwnga. 

BT  fWrSB  PKT.ABCIUT. 

ThhWiliiaidaoda^Md  tn  aontain  ari. 
tialMM  0*  itMf  of'  dba  laawadaaromonlan* 
tlonab  hol|ih  ^niia  and  vana.  whiah  ari 
fimnd  in  wa  aplwMMar  «haClMMtta,widit 
aaplona  annptMdia,  ainaidatian^  and  HInih 
tn»oni.«f  iavural abaanre^ml  apnarantljr 
a«:«talligiMa,  pamgn.  Tha  aMliar  haa 
■parvd  neither  tlota  nor  takomr  to  murk  tha 
pm<ir  nalronafe  and  atwewfagamanti  and 
wHiJMH  axtraiaaljr  oMipad  hf  an*  aoauMK 

woA  mora  aonqdate.  Ha  wHI  ha  naruin* 
larlj  aunkAd  Mr  all  hhita  whieh  majr  Mind  to 
eloaMata  anf  paH  of  H.C.<b  latlar,  h»tho 
Ele«««th  nnmhar  of  tha  Ck>«niala,  aa  tha 
authar  Aaaij  aatilhmfahiiHMtf  ata  kwaaldier 
to  dlafovar  tbo  ynMf,m  mmfal^  m7«a- 
tkm  tiU'toaalm  oC  m  (doi,  op  aVen  lii  mmft 
parts  totraeotha  l^iUM^ga  to  that  oCa^jr 
known  nation,  in  tamint  or  uodcrn  tIbMs. 


No.  XllI.-^M0Ntl4T,  JANUARt  £0,  182p. 


Tnke  JSdbor  qf  th$  Winten  Chnnicte.        Mr.  BdMor,  has  alwajra  «offio  in  the  way,  |o 

prevent  mv  pnttiof  my  faitcntion  In  asaan* 
tioo,  till  Old  Niekln  an  a«il  hote.'perMiadad 
me  to  drop  into  your  ba«  the  letter  Hi  the 
nnfiirtnnata  N.O.,  wUaj^  letter^aiall  yow 
rciaderaknow,  ndj^ta*  mtll,  to  nin  my  own 
expreanoo,  have  been  *«kept  In  my  bik' 
etand."  HaTing  heard  It  hhite^howavary 
by  •everal  peraona  whoea  gpod  taaie  and 
jof^ment  I  bi|^ty  rei|le^,  that  the  anlfjcet 
of  my  letter  and  not  it%  etjle  waa  t|tt  real 
oeeaakin  of  the  xanend  attiek  mnde  npon  ii^ 
I  am  IndnMd  to  flatter  myeelf  that  it  waa  nqt 
qidte  ab  badly  writtan  aa  aome  of  yonr  witnr 
andfiMetlpMiririendt  pUMboded}  and,  t  ha«» 
eveji  MMnf  hopes  that  by  givmi  ny  eomp<i« 
sitiMsaooth^  turn  in  the  oHwhine,  8ti««' 
e«|inmendM  by  John  Slenderbtidn,  In^y 
pcfhapa  produoe  somathing  morawettkrh 
phweln  one  of  yoorfatore  numbers.  Ba 
thli  aa  it  t6ay„  I  have  derived  great  satiifiio* 
dodDf^in  the  perfieat  gpod  fcamour  «i^ 
whiah  every  shaft  Ins  been  pointad  againt 
my'llrstlilerary  cllbrt,  and  l^ag  to  asstira 
yon,  that  no  Other|Sieling  exists  on  lay  part 
to«ai«s  th*  indlvidnld  who  has  jonUy  taxed 
me  widi**  elKiasinghtm  fiw-the  father  of  mr 
wit,"  or  towards  ainr  of  those  who,  in  es^^ 
ponsing  tha  a4|w  of  my  friend  JoieplMwi' 


Mr.  Emmn-^wiU  not  end«|ii!onr  to  eon* 
eeal  frmn  yon  oryo«|r  readers,  the  mortifte4- 
tionllelt  at  heanng  yooi;  I**!  «]eal^Hi  paper 
rwdlthtbrnskfati  trirfe  ian  Mondm  mom- 
h%.  Tea  tawt  lnd«ad  aonfiu  ^  thaU  papter 
au^t  oialoMvnlydevaiedtoliMipoons  opon 
•|e;nnft>rtnnsli  irU^  pulMiMent  to  appal 
aa..i^ithor  osaah  aym  Maoslomcd  than  nqr. 

frto thfe »M  aiid  wiilstmbiad  attaeks of 
die  orftisisms.  B«f|U  sobtp  as  the  roar 
niiBfriment,  whiiui  uw  a^ntnnta  of  y<^ 
eqfaimns  hnd  raisad  at  my  asMnae,  hid  sdi- 
sidcd,  andil  hadlaissio  on^to  reflMt  on 
wbi^t^d  passed, I, felt eonvHUHHl dMt bow^ 
aver  severe  a  roasUng  ylinr  aOrrasmiadants 
bndtholigkt  proper  t<(-fN  to»,Il|mdeerr 
t|i«ly  i^wiiht  it  upon  jiiy  owat  sh^MeiS 
aiid^asrynltaek  whieh  asi|^  be  fnad* 
otf  my.  letter  was  only  a  ratnrn,  in  kIm,  of 
wUah  I  had  no  right  ti|  eomplain.  It  has  al> 
wairs been  my  wSk  'i»  iB^NatiWttto  ttiyniife 
to  the  sojwort  of  yitir  papier^  biairti.  I  eon- 
aider  it  toe  4nnr «  evei^  ttaethiiAr  of  a  ioto- 
monily  to  db  btt  best  to  pirteotiB  ibe  pnbllB 
«elftre.  And,  ihik  yonr  poner  t«Mis  to 
promote  tiMtt  objeat,  noMnaibieman  wiH, 
of  aoiarsa,  do«ibt.    But  somethiog  or  othet. 


^ffpp»sw«'*f9sr 


Ho 


% 


•  •  •••••^•••■••M*  • 


•evcrtif  _ 

Bcioni  I  M94lPte  wtf  MlK^i  I  SMBt  no* 
Um  the  mlMalw  lalo  «Mmi  IM  W on-contriba' 
ton  to  jour  pMwr  ln««laiM»  J*.  unMint 
mt  hMtk  I*  Mr*  »  NfiMtwi*  iUMM. « 
•If  pcoBi*  wdtr  «Im  wHil  «  MiMM  iriMi 
hMtwttMlMlHHfarlhbwMli  pMllftAlnr* 
rm  ortl»  ^win  ■ffiftliwpu  tffm/ttkf  from 

Sue  aMaiWt  of  lUl  M#  lHMl#  trike. 
6*»SM><Wok  K  ndite«;tl«t  I 
MmotWjuw«#dftt>  MMk  Mf  Mb  t«it«n 
IJNiin  tlM  klptjAktt  Ibr  nr  tmotifpim  MlftM- 
Mtf*,  wHhOQlbtvbg  »  itftU  voril  UNHM  on 
to  the  tm,  SMl  *  iMiilbsit4«d lobi hofflt  tll« 
*«on^  W  iiAy  tf  thoie  teitdAr,  ^oiMtlMtie 
Menib  «r  mine  f  Ik»  Uioom  to  t^  thif  me- 
AAAtf  MiUMrC  IM  itndw  tAe^iumderd! 


IM  fa  wiwMlf  ebto  to  MeMiiM 

Mbir,  Mr.  B«Mr,  if  H*  b*  tr«e»  I  htH 
dMMi  yittt  ptMr  towiMltolkejiWMili 

■Ml  if  it  vi  nel  Pftt^  H  ii  NMMMfM  nMn 
ytut  to  §eiiirtwlw' Hi  mHi  ■i  *  *  wmv  to  ne 


Wfil^ift 


iMHI^VlBtot'i 


We  kiM  not  been  aUo  who^  to  make 
op  ow  oMb  wItoiNtP  #0  iImiiII  eoMider 
tlie  letter  oT "  VeritM**  m  a  nnib  i  or,  hi  a 

rdiSn 


Ak  yon  era  a  mV\V»j  0M,  Mr-  £<iitar,  yoo 
nmftMrehbeifa^t&atthiaisk  ntoatori' 
ikMtii^^  toaoMMr,  of  AaUng  a  aiM  !«*« 

Ami^anktoM  to  lAAbift  ktwirii  thew  ny 
dM^  an^  ludyntked  iMUfnantt  «ltbMM 
4eta]^,1  beg  ^  Will  biaart  llieqi,  if/OQ  Ito^ 

Pin yoor^iini ••ok'ii papen  bo(ikal a 
Ihat  I  toil  take  a  Joke  aa  well  aa  live 
ohc. a^ a* an  ismmht:  (be rinairlijr  ivKh 
tMiiah  I  remain;  Mr.  IMkor. 
^  ToArlMeiiidand  welt-titber. 


T«  M«  JrdKMf  ^  fAe  ffiitfer  ChnnMe. 

]ilB.Esno»— I  traa  aireeablj  aorpriaed 
on  reading  in  your  laat  Namber,  the  eandiil 
manner  in  wlueh  yon  mgieated  to  Tonr  eor* 
Maptmdentli  thO  adUieetl  yOa  i>ltnM  prtjfcf 
Ibr  tho  paMa  of  the  WlJater  ClirMiale  1 1 
toy,  Ofrwid^  Mt^^ttMd;  beeauae  I  bad  beOii 
eonAdOrttly  atoBi*ed  ybbtr  aintiiMnta  ^^ 
trtikly  d'rfjbrant.  odlihll  ••  men  of  mItMh 
hnewlei^e  were  •tthhoM  Mm  «ritiot?|k. 
eaooB  it  iraa  anAet^oOd  thai  nothing  bit  iM 
trifing  noMena^  that  had  lately  appearod 
itotlliFbe  aeioptobM  to  the  editor." 

Atlba^agreat  MMrd  Ibr  yoor  paper, 
Mr.  Bdltar.  ton  «HII  rdidily  belieto  theaa> 
tbAeHohlMt  ondftecrtnMHng  the  whole  of 
thia  to  be  withoot  fttandation,  and  thia  aatk- 
OatiOD  waa  eoMklerably  ia«i«|Md  1^  the 
hop«  that  another  pieOeoTtoaitdatwhifn  %lfA 
Naehed  my  eara  ioij^t  be  emMb  tifittM. 

Thto  ia  noftto  a  ehaiM  than  that  lb*  Jtwi<- 
(HI  aommmitotitiot  oT  yoor  oonMrnaid^ 
gre  altered,  it  the  eapriae,  u^mpmmt 
Moed,  bat  of  thoie  employod  umt  imir 
dkcetiort!  When  I  ir«rheaiiim:iiv 
Bdhor,  I  «aaM  not  help  e|talalmi|toli«aB 
liapomMei  but m^ inlbitiMiit|win«dtooit 
Waa  tme.  ••  Ifay,"  m%  hm,  "  the  TSmke 
hat  hiint^ir  declared  that  1«  ha»  irti  T 


)  wriona  light,  and  aacording  to  iia  oe« 
tenrfble  porport.  Worawitojadgeby  the 
eontoota  ahme,  we  ahoold  kwMoe  to  t^  tint 
tfmnlM  (  Mm  to  itMh  toopW  mkMoly  oaeto  it 
#«(thyollfimr(ldii  b«t  fu  «rlo  tonl  OMt- 
trtto  wdto  tbo  apinihlito  to  latotof  oboltto 
k  no  jcater. 

Aa  w«  aiw  iriWMr*  to«4y  to  iHb  a  toMMM- 
bl*  eitphiaaliMi  to  UMNO  wh»  Mk  it  hi  a  ton* 
aoMUe  manMf,  #«  pwpte  I  voptyi  a«id 
we  de»oto  the  iwaatoarr  totoo  witk  Qwltoa 
rataetanee,  btoooto  torMt*  itot  tiftoi  ihtra- 
ded  oaraeirea  On  the  atlMtioii  Of  OOf  readers, 
preferring  at  all  tinea  that  they  abould  be 
amoied  by  oar  eorreapondenta  rather  than 
by  ooraelT«a. 

We  notfae,  f  rat,  Veritmli  pitoeipal  ahum, 
thai  •*  original  aommanieationa  are  altered  at 
the  eapyiaei^yt  of  the  ytot  jadeed;  bat  of 
tkotonOdanilamioHMair    ▼  ontaa  profemea 
todiabelieve  ••thtepieeeoraeandal,"  ai  he 
tarma  iti  we  ahaH,  aorerthalea^  eonaidcr 


him.hi  oor  reply  to  the  penR 
theobiirtotton,  MMto  ittotbaiadlvkhul 


any  eontrol  over  the  paper,  aiut  that  hiaaa« 
vUa,  in  spite  of  all  lie  eali  my,  take  open 
themaelve*  to  alter  the  artielet  in  loeh  a 
toiBHer,  that  when  he  againHea  them  in  hli 


who  really  did  aa,  if  liah  one  there  waa,  to 
aaMtKato^Mittwiaitotaii^  that  Oflroritoa, 
ltt«^wpitolMatok#ep. 

Vtritartinit  «ittiaif>  bo  a  ooMrlbiMr  ttr 
atom  aiMt»IUatot  i  t  ttoftHk,  thwtlltohe 
Wtl  dealt  lUfN  with  oa,  liaMtMftaMlM 
bato  eMiad  hkii to  aaknowldtos.  that  what'' 
evof  Mhah  toiiht  mf  they  had  aapwhiiewt, 
hM  paitoa  had  aetor  b«a  aa  UtotoMy 
ti«itod4  If.  ahthtaoateto>y,theaMMtork| 
aOtoiHMMrlbtttort  M;  «kaa  othotoai««P 
ptoyhm  ihair  fitta.  and  tohig  thMr  beii  ei- 
ettiona  few  dw  toMa  vMaStoaat,  h«  Ito 
wltMMl^«j£»tltopleaor  faafaBMyor  «Mr 
oihaf  wlkh  ha  tow  «iah  to  aabadtirte  to 
pBOftranae,  thoiditoapttoaMlNhipiwtool- 
1%  a  pbbN#  good,  w*  ahoald aObaaltathat 
the  matw»  HflM  OhketlOH  iatoKDOeem  ot 
hlii  Awt  *vw  if  It  kai  t  (bwaMoh.  It  would 
be  wbolhr  betweea  the  Wriian  aad  the  Bdi« 
tari  toat  thooa  #ho  do  aot  ^m,  oortahily 
enri  have  BO  tfito  to  find  ftalt. 

Bat  a  aaqaaoat^  thooght  aaight  hii««  aa- 
tidkd  Veritto^  that  tf  otidiial  aommnaiM- 
tlonatad  been  ao  abtweOi  «•  ahootd  have 
heard  long  ainae  aa  OMery  from  the  writer* 
themaehrm.  No  penoa  woald  aee  hit  eom- 
poaitioii  alieM  WithoOt  af^ealbig  to  the 


II 


IB 


tOllM 


^2SSL»S!^r«  .^5»% 


•^Mt^WllNll 


^<. 


r4(W««i.' 


Mi  JMtan  art^j 


w  utucrwOTii  in  ciinior  HH   QMM  MWWJ 

ftwtrt  of  hb  ntiMNitlbillir  (o  Mm  inilMW- 
Imt  to  Om^^'mnmI  u\m  hSlmSZSi 
All  htretofora^  w  h*  will  maUmm  to  iiiiik»> 

mi  VariiM  hM  kewd  siSm  «l« 
Til.  *«Umi  nM  or  ttinm» 
witblioM  lloni  wrfcini^  koMku.  ,. 
•ndefMood  tiMt  Mthiog  but  f/^  ui 

•M^lo  to  JM  Sfttor.^^ 

■Mt '  Af -A^'noRMokvi' 
t!M|iafM.y<a,.that  0. 
(gnmnoaloBliontfeom  #ij& 

W  WfOOMtO  obiaMMif  i 


Imwit^'Amm 


%lMiaU|trKNB«S 


1 


-.^j^HBBHPaf^^  ■  "^^l^'^tt-^F^^jgllBy 


^•^c.*-- 


iiiiiiii^pii 


R^^-fT^^T^wi^sp-^wspfw^fSP^jrfr^     =vi?ftwrirr*^reW?f?»rT'?^'  'ny  '■ 


'•^ 


M 


^H 


fm 


Thetire  Hiyal,  Kofth  Georgia. 


liiOt  '«r«l ««  P«««>rmed.  for  tlie  wooimI  time  th'w 
',uqtf,:tteFwee.or: 


jMS^WfifiR  TEENS. 

Alter»hkb/tl«  ne*  Mttiiepl  Botertrinmentrf 

THE  NOBXK^ES^T  ?A8SAQEi 


Biiiik^^  *t*HE*  lew*  *^»' 
«iSSiee3o«««5r-*2S?^^^ 


f'Sjeffi.;  of  th{fbo¥e  »»««»^Jg;i 
niijTbe  viewed  ^^  «g£**«!!2"rgS3^ 
the  Weft  end,  at  l»er  ^w,  ^'S'M^K'tL 

Cheew-muket,  P^ni|>-I«!M»  qiir*««0' 


r«r  the  mmer  Chrwiele. 


Slffii?S5S«*«  thefcwiM  youth. 
^1^  «tniiB  m«iit^  somh^ 


53 


••*«••••••••••••••• 


BiMh  purion^  mnj  reMniniog  from  tictm. 
And,  l9*kingUiiM  our  (Mix  errors  lew;    ^ 
Led  l^  His  mtrd,  who  aukle  •n4  stUI  sqataiat 
Thii  pendMit  orb^  tnd  o'er  Creatioa  reifnt. 

. . '  Boll  on,  ji  wintrjr  homrs !  no  rtti  tro 
Cmi  all  joae  siortajr  horrors  jft  hnWjf : . 
A  ttinsieAtgloQm  t«i  nuy  awhile  iMI^we^ 
Like  jonder  ekmd  lefiire  the  mooDrbisaqi  fos? ; 
Botwhen  the  lamp  of  We  shall  f(^y  fthine, 
MHusa  youth's  and  manhood's  fires  aUke  deeline ; 
And  when  the  Ia|t  loodimmp  shall  Sid  us  soar 
To  hear  our  doo^,  wh«»i  "  time  shall  be  no  more," 
ilie  sind' relying  oil  the  Saviour^  power. 
Shall  aland  un^wited  m  that  awml  hour.— 
His  will  in  earth  perform'd— our  God  shall  bless    > 
And  elothe  the  stDBCf*  with  hia  righteoasness! 


■  v. ' 
C.     "-^-^ 


HOTIOm  TO  COSBKSFOinmNTS^ 


7heEdttor  wishes  tb 
iMft  prevailed  U  late. 


ita  praetiee,  whieh 
iraoog  iome  of  hia 


Correapoodents,  of  persooalljr  dldiijerlng; 
their  eoDtribntioos,  may  be  diseontHmetfT 
The  hoY  is  alwiys  to  be  ^nd  on  t%.'B^!;»- 
raom  sky>ri|^t. 


No.  XIV^MONTlAY,  JAJSVABX  $U  iBStO. 


*i 

I 

'31 


To  Oe^EdUtfr  tf  iht  Whtter  Chratuek. 

Snt-*>I  eanpot  refrain  from  expressing  4o 
yon  my  fbeUngs,  on  hearing  the  keen,  yet 
gQod>1nimonr«d,  raillery,  -with'  whiehj  in 
your  last  Number,  you  handled  the  snlneets 
eontirfoedro  th?  letter  of  Veritas.  Ma-, 
ihoui^t  ewfyflresh  sentenels  adctod  fresh' 

etfstbetea  I  was  sippinfc  and  I  do  toot 
when  r  bHVB:ao-nio.(ft  relished  my 
bread  and  but^  aa  oo.  Monday  morning 
last  T<H|  most  kmnr  that  I  hsw  bcca  a 
eonstaat.  thoadt  PM^R*  aoknown,  ad' 
mirer  of  yoar  rlner«!'^ad  have  laboured 
Oannf^  maiqr  wt  1m*v  Iq  toatfr  Ufv» 
ootumns,  ibr  tlia  MilUi  «f  |b»  wtt  MMifiiae- 
nnity«aiitahiedte,«diiiBm)(«w4swii((nr««> 
^  the  gen«id  4«^eM]|{ar.]!«NMp..j»b»^  I 
'1Un4  e«eti  swlbtilw  iwrd  u^^viifi^mt  ?«• 
fttiii  aad  ■«««>■  "»ke»--»e'frt  }nwm*  «» 
hate  the  Kingli  al!ns  «ie^r  wtttM.  n^ihm 
iMad  of  each  i  aa^jir  fm:mmtifm^i^.f^ 
i^yourpieture,  HunAio^Meikift  Himim. 
yoa  Utt  hanMiikamiimtmMmu^Mki 
Tohime  tUqr  wBt  eomgtt»B> .  '  ^  ^;< 

But  ydor  rtitmAm,<ajtmy*iimf^0»(l»mJt- 
meaa  lb  have  ncitir  bimlil^  vUh  im-^0i 
aad  tdrmounted  %Mlf''ii''l|tegt^#i^(jjM^ 
on  one  tide,  aud  itOoMmveli  MiM«l.#  we 
other;  aa  tmVinftMmitKluarmit  df  your 
militwy  prOfesiltiPiil' tf  the  IkOt  wMt 
wUeh  yon  eau  jtrrA  ll^i^hea  oeeilioa'«»' 
^tairef. 

Before  the  appearaiKe'af  your  ItinKitai- 
buv  Bfr.  liiditor,  yoa.|n4  Imnb  veryriM4(  A- 


lent,  or,  at  best,  bad  hot  mumbled  «o^  oov 
andtheh,  a  fbrmaidenifi)4U|i^«omMrkor 
two,  iir  a  dieatriaal  pafL  tk  proper  iatsfw 
Ttls,aaiB  cditorial.da^lNwndt  th^iet^** 
queaea  wa%  that  siMseof  foorMM^JMni- be*' 
gao  toliwgetthat  yoi^  t«r«t  vol  iialh0:fli« 


aaretfttoi  aatimw  whc^they  ws^t  plwwi 
by  thesttlgecta  efaoaen  by  yoor  CocrMpoad- 
eataor  not;  tlutt yoq  were  one^  among  am* 
ay  other  gentlemt^n^nliQse  anmpemaatyoa 
were  .cncwatourhif  to  pnaaota,  at  tim  ex- 
penaeiif  a  eonsiilenfibHr  poriionrOf  time  aad 
attwitiO»»5bieh,  asftr-asr^podad  yoamlf 
«l^^,kli|«pi«lwMra]|ia'better  empkyad  t  and 
thSi  #f)»4|kl«^  that  t^ose  who<|MAot 
wrttchiwltd  Bot'be  amuaed  bytho^OWho 

..Oi^  lllqi^,how8t«r»  Isofidrat,  iMthe 
vimt¥^0^p*ibr  'Corratpoadanlt  is  waf% 
intMatiBfef.  aad  that  yoiar  paper  aaveir  ito^l 

fli^jBBki^n'W  fcotijig  as  at  prMeiit*    3%a 

M^aa^;  «!Mlaek!teabnti«),N|m^   ' 

Ottmit  "I  IMwd  b)to  delMr^^it, 
iaklsriad*ttM>Vfaii4:kintribntOll^heNi  ava 
t&ayf'  aad  IMw  aa«we«eil«»*  where  are 

I  am,  Mr.  liditor. 

Your  eoBSUnt  reader. 

Para  PiiAiinrAT. 


,i.jSViMfc'»siaaii»«if*»i** 


"wTi'J'WB^^wF'^^P^^'i ' 


ii 


J 


i» 


•••»•*••••••••*•••< 


T«  th»B0t«r  9ftkg  Wtmr  CkmiOf. 

Mm.  EaRos«^y«myKi»«^ttf«t^ 
jour  laM  vi«OTfbQrtA«l«iN«iif  (If  jMr 

^muMKi,  af>»  «»IB0»  tod  Wro  ». 
_,jn>~«Bit|«d»  and  niM  74M  todywr 
1^  «iA  •  6la|RW  10  yoq,  miide  lite  •mat 
to  »M  ftp  iriwn  I  hid  BO  MMh  nfstnjnC- 
Ton Vi^Smkv  wry  %«n  kiMA  thaw  H  0^ 
more  IflUmt  KKie  eoiMMled  nndte  *  ito|^ 

not  fM&eVt  ind,  n  w>  nutrace  or  the  ie> 
fftoM^SiibQm  ^hi^haveo^^  fi»^!<!i 
of 4Ml^^%' «eRriec«>«itetartMMie^ 

«|terl«i^#eiii  to  Mi.lS  iHTe  ««iij9j»frf 

iodvrate  hU  nMatonttdam  •MfJ**"^^," 
fellow*:  *'Ainio»iagtoiee,  htf^lft  «• 
me*  (he  pvnyef*  oTS*  w"*^*^  V  J** 

t'A.mmmAH  *»«••*  *i*»,*sire*  Oie 

pr»ye»orth*eoBreg«tlwi.''       

Now,  Shp,  tt  li,  I IUPP0W,  hy  nme  to* 
Meldentr  M  tbi»»  tl»t  one  or  two  of  m^ 
pnaniAlQM  hWO  been  iM^  ■™*'*5' 

heir  hit  OrwMetioM  Oio*  4*tter«l  fM***. 
1  tfiitt  you  will  tehe  6U Whtw  *  «inte«w»* 
ed,«nir4it«ik«y0^d^Vita1Jiind  their  t>^  «iid 

n"*  M  fattitii.     ;         ^^^ 


Giilntatf.  Pjwtnr  enUwMfito  praMeate  the 
«eM  if  Fort  Nefire  with  e««)T  demnorti*' 
timofvitDar.  The  «PV»o^t*w  »»«*  «*«• 
poihed  to  tbe  /otl  of  the  GImIi  Md  mm 
WiMWfib  wbfeb  eowed  jt  de»t»oM 
hat  (he  mmm  of  tk«  Am^  oT-^e^wt  «^ 
y^  M  ouiMRMM^thet  it  J>  oeiiiM<|WjpB^^ 
ri»f  (o  cdNm  ftbiM>>  M  the  u«!^i»i>ol 
-  Ae  piviMii  preelwIw^AIVlppp 
them  hrtrtriooi  •!«•».  fcMO 
mm  of  thedefinUUipthtTe 
ierhft«d,(nMK«tfrth»ge- 


noml't  tNWtis  ire  dmoii  daily  eaptured,  and 
didM  who  «Mip(i  (M  ateel.  are  given  over 
toilicilaMM.*  ,         .    ,     ^  ^      u 

The  .Ihiif  ^  OHm^ouivn,^  hw  iMsen  a 
nartiaolar  dHeet  ot  .attaek,  botihe  only  ad. 
W^tasea  i4iMi  faiin»  ai  vet  reaulted,  are  the 
han4«  oTodO  ot  tiiro  of  ihe  JrWjw  qf  com- 
Muhidli^;  whobe  defence  had  not  been 
nraH»lyatten»Mt&.  tlw  general'!  oppo- 
netali  iii.  ho«^«*«r,  nflf  Idle,  and  hit  oost; 
art  hifce«iiit&  ibooyod  bv  red  hot  thoU 
Skifiiiiiheahiq^I^a  «»ery  day,  and  frequent 
d^t^riMa  irtjittettptidbythe  besjegera, 
bat  theyiife  mjeraiS^  4efe«ed  with  fow, 

in  ^^nS^  BlejrhatriefiiaJly  turfirUedihew 

tbHhilkd. 
Stratageiiafiirnu,  apparently,  a  favourite 

«urt  of  the  general'*  ayateni,  M»  relation  of 
mL  with  ieTewl  adberrota,  were   lately 
bmki  eboMMed  t(k  «e  «flt«r-^ait*i  and  it 
preaeni remain  In  *"  dwfanee^ile."  _.   ^ 
On  a  rw»e»it  oeeaaipo,  thljOlBaerl*  ro***^ 
•d  10  have  diiipUyed  a  dbsn«0*/ea«M 
never  before  iHtne«ted,,whi«J  had  the  effeet 
of  iiapaEdng   ntrprUiag  Jimmen  to  bis 
troops.   It  ia  truly  remarkable,  that  though 
these  troopaawait  the  jharge  perfeetW  im- 
toOveable,  *oy  **  W  **«»  C««  eelen^ 
vhen  expOMd  to  a  Mv5yfire.  The  general's 
fanes  are  expected  to  be  enUrely  broken 
earty  in  the  aummer,  an^  prepaMtions  are 
makbg  Ibr  a  vi^wttai  pdftait;  of  the  en- 
tire success  of  whieh  the   most  sangmne 

Hi^^m^^.    ^^^^^ 

.    A  naket^  Mai>^k  to  cart  df  Ms  MajM- 
^ ihl^,  i»bo  haa **%jg*5?»*j^'£3^ 

^ift  ti.  m^Siwflif^^ 

SL  «M*:  Wm  Mii>ia«ro)ii  «tr  tl 
ftrtntOic  ih  te«#*<W2«f(  •*    •»»  "•^i 

m  wibg  m  «M*#Vji«i  «6  ej 

lift  fcvbdPira  IrteWoilgWi*, >ftfc 


were  MllM  i»4he  «•«*«*»  te  i  «pidy  t* 

fiiiiM*WlMr*  I-   aoaaing  m  eooiaetwith  (W 

^2SSiM<*botl|iafe«cMl'empl«yed1o-worm 
tlkeOteora^italAift. 
4  HaiaeAof  tha  dog*  on  bOand  tht  tfechi. 


ntiiiJCimst. 


«  w«  «>■  ■—  »m»»»n»»» 


ADVERTIdEMENT. 


ibr  iHmpmUfen 


NEW  rVM3aQATlQK$^ 

"  He  irdklefMilt  iltUtateM,  tUl^  aloft  toe 

fame," 
And  "liM^ln 

eanlii." 

Uihe  t^w.  and  #^»#  it(H  ji#  Uibii^lied* 
iModiiMielj  ^rintio  ib  onib  iiciit  pcwket 
Tplume,  lamo.  pric^«>.,6(l.,  half  bonnd, 

THE  NORTHERN  iiilLklii;^;* 
Being  a  ohoiee  «ilU«dM  ef  tt«  noatan 


THA  NOHTHmMlIA  NUT^mAOK. 

Hens  ■  wiWM^  wpuuimig  vpwwlli  Bfw 

honored  pun««  biitt<^iiB4|t,  repaHeel  tiei  IK. 

itA^««Tr»r  ]fn  lM«i<|lrl|lifNit|||ei      ' 

ele.   Attr  Pnta^  01^       '  "    ' 

KinaLiriniM 

Le  Sa<rMt,at  ib«rV„^  w»«w..  -»v««* 

N&  AjkmhJUasiArmni  bim4i  mtu 


TtOeEdiUrtJ 


•  t^rtHklf. 


Kved  aonga  thM  triMw  ImH  •■%  at  uie 
istre  Ri^.  NoMfc  <Q(i^ittii,«HHng  the 
winter  flf  tMmt  tovhiw  amtjf  valuable 
additlona  will  beniadel»theEd|ujp,Cari)loa 
OaJaMitilA',iih««8i  M^iiMl  hf  t^Mn. 
ntttMHMtMN  Mat  iliy  W  aMrMtMl  to  Mi 
QM«»,   liitahvii^  H«iiiik   SiidnM^iuM, 


And  •*  dilMMi^c»Hil44«MlTS 


Bnt-4  iMdjM  ib««iihiMr|l|  iJMi»^MiiA 
were  vUkA  #  A»  cihfar  efiwing.  tMC^^ 
the  (wo  ihipai,  mmi^  I  «Aei#||im 
thmn  a«  my  n^i^lhof  niMrtiliwtohe 
permitlcd  toiigaitajmjl 

Orirriten  in  |be  Cbroiifel  e 

Nbir  I^Hb  ^ilif iieft,4hlt  diili^«i^ 
Ittire  #ft  ftr  iHt  ibi^  r^-ihadji  fe«  foabd. 

About  the  nme  time  will  be  pnUfahed^  in 
onetolame,  printed  and  bound  mitmttf 
with  the  above, , 

*  The  mallnmnie,  or  tuiittiO*  petretj  a 
bird  very  eommon  in  the  Polar  Sea.  - 

IMwwfltlty  la^iriai-  Mmd,  th»ilii<*wfefe} 
*MlMniWa«ulewM«*e  gleMikvM  •piH^M'fiM. 
SalbUM^  i»  Ati  ciMi  Mm  oniigfeimi; 
The  erimaon,  par|l«&«|«  ethtpMWM^, 

■^  flaiiM  in  rir^  «iMi  i<rg|JiiMi«if  tfecTd; 

yunrt  irfc>»*#it<ita<ilHii»  wiflliiai»dWlliM'iill 

Tbefar«M4a«  h*e*i4Mr  wavb^il^lltr, 

:SHipw't|Mii«|IW|d«Q^4f  the  dlfM^p^^ '- 

FMMr^tf  jtiniViHHMiiftip  di«i#«^l^ 
IMrt^apM  vpwtrd  (61te  senMl!l  Milhl. 


Oi»r  ewTenoii^ent,  wf^  wtuiM  eontritw- 
tiQnwehaTeb«»enn«a«hi^^^  will  n«*. 
nlC9tB|lb»ratinooC«alni^  Word  whieh 

*E*?^!*!?  •#!*''**?»  •"8S?^«*«  "^ 

i»Kfb  Mr  M#  ^i^  #.    We  ate  i|itke 

aware  how  miMh  %#  have  aaerifleed  to  a 
)  ofiiropriety.     ) 


TraclalIsM  wj&k,  vflmktcpa  di^liNiim 
The  blan^  of  ctandMr  m«d  mgr  jroni 
DMp  hi  the  o^rwhelafaig  mMpe  af  1 


tlia( 


ZMon  hi  the  olitrwhelBfaig 
*mm  her  mntwionf  jl&m,  1 1 
Hat  vaiA.the  MiMiil  eierniil" 
woilca  have  bee%  O  Gotf 

BHUI  ahaUJii^^bHi  let  ^, 
i|jltli9  mlf^ndoMaof  An9ER!a',-_^ 
To  dafk  bbtivioft  aaA,  hi  waitiiw  fiame ; 
Like  the  dim  ihadowi  of  departed  fame ! 


i:;^. 


't\ 


1 J 


^*1 


J. 


-f»-mm« 


vyitiv.f- 


NWW'^-.;"^T''''-i''*'»"7?iypfjWitg^ 


'T^^^T 


5i 


-The  Baittriuk***  iifSSSJSJiflbJ 
I, 


V. 


■  'Dew;.**'.?*?  W— .7'7-™^, 

Inpd*  wW»  new  wl9«»ity 
/orgratHadetlMriiniii. 

n.    ... 

Sash  |ki«*ie«in  wtflMBi^ 

„,, ^  .'.:   -ni.       '  ■  '" 

"  ,»ey  ««eli  n»y  yet  reeord. 

IV. '^^ 

ImbWfementt  IB  «W»i»OlB|y, 
OfWh  aofdog-obsr,  _, 
Or  more  iipoii  my  •««• 


Nwi  fond  •ttemptt  poetiMl, 

iSUy  t7  Uwir  miN  h«  tnMed. 

I'Hk  prodder  in  poiNMiBr  theia, 
When  on  the  piper  orwilng  them , 

Thso  1WP  tbCfWM^  VIM"  *''^'*'  ^"^!Sl* 
^^irto»>rt«yiot  wiBg*  they  gcw^. 

'■:•."""; ■im. ., . ..  ■/■--- 

Sr.tdtl«««dl9o'..  .     t 

jj|5^ii«yerytr«5.  * 

And  wthCoUy  y««»pf"«"f ' 

Until  yoitt  P««9  <Im1I  end ; 

Boangli  tbie  tiine,-^  ' 

,  Al#!t»BiM>ler,         _^.:„ 
..T«m.^    ,,,,;     A'ScittBUOU- 
It  hM^enW  inwet  pleiiareiii  pereeiirei 

corretpoodentadoring  the  lMt#eeki  JEo^\ 
of  Uieie  ««•  eekoowkdgmente  •!»«••»«» 
pahfamlarijr  to  the  aottor  <«»";' ljl"«"£ 
eeited  by  the  Aarbif  Boreel**  T«*'P'»'' 
aaetoi  we  do  not  Mt«ti  p  V^P^f*^ 
ooe»  exlremely  deieriptlwmd  highly  po?- 
deal;  we  eomnttidiite  flor  re*^»r»  on  vaeA 
a^MqiU^n  to  our  FoetV  Comer. 


No.  m^rr^^i^^^*  FEBJIUA^  T,  1820. 


■i-- 


the  CwwMitfce  «r  ^*W^^^t^^!S^ 
the  •«i|8e|ttenr«oi^««* '2^«22S^ 

S^*^  eetafWl  ly  i»o  other,  wcwre 
SSrSiei^  dertreltodo  their bfrtfiir  the 

3iyii««Sii^wA6j»dtoftiCei»oi»^thiia»>  > 

Akrt  of  iB«l«iW  for  the  rewlli- •id^^fit  ««1 
SSdlly*Merhitoiihe  IWely  wd  |*i|ii«i^ 
|*eiili(i^*hW»fow  «Med 
^Mdie  «4lMM«ltion  exeeeded.  w&e  f«-< 
S^oCOwMteee^  Mr.  EdUol^  tr?  iidt 

aainaMtiMediMiD  •  Wiffi*  "•"^fWr 
00  «  fi«itrepwi*nieth»^ft»  feiwrelt^, 
SLewr.  inJiSw  H-tf  on  tVirmfiidji 
and  pnperee^thMB  to  eater  otore  §llfyjMo 
ttei  «Wr  of  the  t*oe  on  n^eoond  perferi 
mnwe,  when  neeriyiU  tne  Aipt^mt 


before  eMVed  their  oo»iee,buwtap«the«». 
nnd  the  entertahimeilt  affi)rd(»d  w^eonw- 

alio  ««*li^li5iW^itov|diloe,  to 
ing1hatth*%«*«»i*il'5»Wont**^  ex- 
e«tl«Mi,  wer«  iapMif&dwHhmoAgreatw 
mintetion  thin  iSfere,  tM  that  the  whole 
pieee  wW  eondnited  with  more  imiirie^ 
and  niri^  then  any  former  repreeenUUoooiii 

**^*|riitliii«lwi>n«i« 

Swtetion^  *«*  ^Wre  theSr^^^^»^^ 

t&AS^Teeiite^  Mr .  Editor,  I  woobl 
nM(iii^i#ti«in   '   '.'  '^  -' 

Mr.  EnrnMPW&r  » itit«H«^*«^ 
on  Moadey  BBOr^^  hit  I  met  wljhooe  of 


m 


<••!••«•••••••  •  <it« 


ujyoniMr  •hiUrent  tat  to  ^^fMrpriw 
and  grief;  ita  fe>tiirt»;iWtt»ti>  wMl  Mtm 
■nd  mutilnted,  (b  eooKtqaeiMe  of  iiumUU 

drcadfal  buImIj,  t^Mt  I  aoaM  Mir««if  MOOg- 
nnethe  paw  iKde  iiMimt/M^ifiAUaii 


■were  ao  ahoeked  iqrUM  a^Ung  «|^Vtl»t 
k  »aa  aome  tine  befti*  I  regained  upmml'. 
aerenity. 
'On  neoferiag  H  liHhtiJ'mB  laif  eeiirQiioii, 
I  determined  on  Uykif  m  aaae  bcfbre  yOur 
readera,  ttiroaa^  tbe  ■oediam  of  Tootr  paper, 
that  thejr  mMit  adopt  ptoner  meamrea  fqr 
tfiirding  asB&t  a  ainilaif  i^ilfiWIimk.    , 

Don't  you  tMnfc,  Mr.  EtPtor.  ^ira  is  a 
deftet  in  oar  legi8l«liiirr,,nBd'tIiere  inig^t, 
and  oof^t  to  be,  aooac  law  enabled  ^  pan- 
iahing  the,  miiereantau'wlio,dnderpr«tenee 
of  nendinr  tlie  oonatftmidna  «f.  their  patientf, 
torture  and  mangle  tMm  to  death  t 
I  an,  Sii^ ' 
Toot  ij9M  obediiiint  aarvant, 
Amm  AHTiHWALr. 


IBad  our  Ah*  eprr 


eipood( 
led  hei 


lent  omitted  her 


8^{natnre,  and  eoneealed  her  aex«  ve  mkbt 
have  been  ao  moeh  milled  as  to  ramid^,  her 
.leiteralloded  to  an  alteration  wbien'we  felt 
QjKrielTeB  eompeiled  to  make  in  the  lines'  in- 
aerted  in  oar  nst  paper,  and  vhieh'were  sent 
to  ns  M  having  been  fband  between  the  jtvo 
shiM.  ''      , 

Bat  as  the  alteraUon  waa  then  aeknovle^ 
cd,  and  aa  the  result  of  neeeasity,  not  as  a 
supposed  improvef^ent;  a*  it  waa,  in  fiwt, 
the  eorreetiott  of  a  nip  of  siteh'kiMtnre,  th«t 
we  are  persuaded  no  nnnele  pen  would  have 
ita^de,  we  are  driven  thMn  this  ioterpreta- 
tion ;  however  maeh  we  midit  deaire  to  avoid 
the  alternative,  of  being  wholly  at  a  loss  to 
disaoverthe  lady's  meani^;  perhapa  our 
readers  maybe  more  sweeeaifal,  ana  aa  we 
have  already  had  experienee  of  their  inge- 
nuity in  solving  enigmas,  we  solicit  their  as« 
siatanee. 

THXAVRICiJL  m9Wtt, 

We  feel,  if  it  be  possible,  even  more  aatii* 
ftetion  in  aotieing  tfac.eftt^  wldeb  theiMK 
eond  represenlati(^  <£;Jm»-im,ktr*JPieH» 
has  produoedt  tfiarf^Hm.wa^  hid. the  phsa> 
sure  of  eoogintalipg  anr,.  Readers,  «a  ita 
saeeeas,  aa  the  oti«sA|  |!J^<i.iNnt1iieat«e. 

If  we  were  theiMtf,  omjkkmwAM.  waa^de- 
sirable  to  eatabliiftsaiAsoaiAes  «f  «mim««^ 
ment,eq^erienee9ftb«irbeaefieialtandeii|qi! 
has  ainee  far  mont  JiKHr,<MNivi|«id  M  hmr 
impopmnt  itiathatithna^aldhv  eontiDae^ 
We  were  early  appnied' Igit^  ouuttgdr 
that  bis  sUiek  oc  pj^a  was  vety  4iwit«d,  and 
whe«  wt»  aaw  the  mWhRMt  ^IMe  «fj9en 
7bRgi«BB,aotf(rrrinEi4|eatitie»,1t'«M  too 
evident  that  but  Ikthi  4*eHM»  reihifiiiif  we 
viewed,  therefore,  the  iepetitioB  oF*  pieee 
^Iqwdy  anted  aa  a|k  eiperiHM|mli:«)^  tfw  "^ 
ctis  M  wUeh  t&8  fioatfnaiMe  of  ovictltaK' 


trisal  fptectaiapHtejMMiitially  depended. 
,AkiMPwe«oaji»liliMt  feel  anxkius  dor- 
big  wer^erfocBMHat»  and  altheogh  we  were 
a|p|»>B«.thy  wfcoviwtii^toated  that  several 
l^yi  woaht  fd|»,  rither  than  ioae,  by  repe> 
^tiM  (ehl«47  fiir  M|iM>s  whieh  are  aa^ed 
ii)yiiw«anm|Mnd«bf»*'^^UM^^  we 
vNeMH^hr  leased  lofind  that  tine  interest 
of  the  attOwnee'Mikeecded  rather  than  fell 
shnrtof  ouretpiatatioiiai '  Of  the  altraetioaa 
and  feaahMtma  ttf  novelty  noeie  ean  be  ana- 
ware  i  and  did'  we  powesa  the  meana  of 
bringing  out  a  auee^siomif  hew  and  auitable 
pieeeS)lt  is  probable  th«t  there  woald  be  no 
qoeathm  aa'Mr  the  ^tpedienqr  of  doing  lo; 
and  tMUMM*  iUiMonal  traiAte  that  they 
wonld  weastDu;  weitld  b*  bat  littl»'  regnrded 
by  the  g^tfaaMflfi  %hp^  have  so  ah^rftdhr 
and  iffltttatly  «BMrt#d1iMaM9«is<«  lighten 
the  ledMsneaa  of  oarwilkter.  RepetitioB 
night  then  (V  it  e^r  tank  plaee)  have  been 
editeed  to  l^bi9t  whieh  had  riven  »  more 
thib  ordinary  ^£:;«re  on  their  flrM  peHbr- 
manee.' 

'INptifwehav*Ueebri|jhtlyinfermed  that 
theehoiev  ot  tlk*^  njumwing  eoramittee  has 
been  dividiMI  betw^  8m  meassre  whieh 
they  ultimately  ndbpUM,  aad  th^tdMlre  to 
nnderlMk^ioniii  dr'tMthrwB  remalantg  playa, 

band,  or  7A«  fTowV-^diat  in  thehr  xeal  to 
attempt  whiMefer'  It'  inMit  be  posaibM  to 
eflSset,  they  did  aolitallyfer  a  time  eontcMtt- 
pfaitotheperfbrmanee  of  one  of  theie  pidys, 
oiiMdmwiaiMof  theabsohtte  hmdMiaaiey 
of  tileir  toeanaJdbliged  them  to  reUnamish  fei 
if  sosli  he'  faideed  the  ease,  we  do  notliesltato 
to  eonskler  them  entitled  tothepnUiethanka 
foradherinf  to  th*'  piinelple  ef  asiveltir  aa 
long  aa;  it  eoaid  well  be  maintained.  We 
expresa  ^«pmkm  in  the  perfeet  reeoHM- 
tionthaither.rcaoartea  of.  the  theMrshhave 
been^  fqnnd  eompetent  to  do  fall  jostlee  to 
the  only  five4wt  plar  whieh^  baa  been  at- 
tempted But  the  ^M  StnkefifT  a  W^, 
defers  eitentially  ftom  the  thnte  phnrseibove. 
mentlMed;  it  dependl  upon  the  inll  «Ad  cs- 
ertioQa  oj'  #  singia  aetor,  and  In  this  respeet 
we  a#eiMMAkfi«ent{  wMsreaa  the  other  pisys, 
bidependiiit^  of  much  diffoal^  in  wMtteiy 
afuf  deerieationa,  woald  re^nire  4  greator 
nattiber«i^atna4w(eMaator%maehaliovepn#, 
bothi»  t|i«,«aie,  ascwetteaa 'female  puts^ 
tha«i>«ar  ^^fetitre  «an  pradneft  Wb  do  not 
feai^<  eeoaotef  in  msfting  this  avowtf r  we  at« 
pei«|adl<t''tftat  we  do  no  aMw  than  Joa^ 
to  the'tm^ori^,  M  least,  of  the  pwftrtww, 
kibeiwvingttattMydfr.not  oMvMe- tbhilr 
own  mMmeatioiwr  Oiat  ther  fwb  moim,  ait 
Upbliir  (A(«sa,  bat  from  a  sen4e  dT-^rn 
ettnaMMMtiatt  ahlsh  wmld  rioni.  hMt  hi> 

•  ^»va^^»v^ip  ^^w^^w      V  ppwww*      ■•  «*^nnHi     OHmana^      f*^^^    ^^nr* 

diHM  iMilf  ibmmgit  theaa^  to  pkee^  dNMi* 
aeW^  ih  iitaatidiiii  inwhiah.it.ewi  ttt  an 
poaMbte  dis^redil  tathem  to  M^,  Vtsm^m 
net  de«i||(i  Ihettto  «xorij.«Ar  wnrid  iMMMH 
tioiihhve  eVep  prompted  them  to  todto  the 
Mtempt. 


I   ■ii^W'l«^i>intMyMal»l|i 


-'fsmmk^z 


i8i«l»*»'-«*- 


'>lMr.«M««te- 


W^  VOf"'"'    ''^V^         ^  -  ™'' 


J»3pB^^5PSPSn^rST 


"■;m; ^'^.'/V'yAji'if,! I'riTWu'"?   "tw^^s^r" 


•tH« 


,  M>««*M»M#«**««*» 


1     * 


I  • 


ojp(,,lkftrt,«Me4rrtMifJ^^  ^J^i, 


'mssM 


elMdttMip, 
bimonhbinMei 

It 


^ 


T 


f»?« 


•M 


MK» 


■:m^ 


>       1  ■  - 


MlltlCMlitf' 


r'^. 


s» 


Dew«  whoM  thrML  whm  wmting  prqr« 
HaplmtdMklinn  find  tMr  va^i     .  v . 
Well  1  kMw,  vbm  oiMiy  diwl 
Y«i Mn  piMM  «  «kj  MMt.        ,,> ; .  ,. ,. 
Com*!  IbrlMppjraratlwirAtM 
Whoare  MBoUwM  on- plMn, 
Tomb'd  joar  wei|.pUi<ld  booM  ^M  U 
DmjP  bncMb  ya«r  nttive  ■ky.  *    ' 

Amajimr  nqrai  Ain  well  itar, 
Thew  are  gbrin  graaftmMghl 

Next  adwuMc,  ye  autely  geeae» 
How  I  kmg  to  break  the  peM^ 
Aod  017  appetite  to  pall 
With  your  breatt,  Un,  wi|i|i^«iMl  all! 
Come,  my  wMiea  rMMe, 
Feait  mv  palate  Mod  liy  eyea.     > 
Doll  and  formal  owb,  away, 
Toq,  aa  nadew  thii^  mar  May  i 
Tet  yoor  Aim  I  wooH  retiise, 
Men  of  aaienee  toamose. 
Come !  bot  only  tw<a  or  three* 
That«niMi|cel/plMtrbol;   » 
All  the  rett  orfefttberVnM^    ' 
FroM  to  flight  or  npid  ehaae. 


•Midtt|l|iAMi*l«aMv  • 


AndthdM  Mfl*  aiiiieamg  bniti» 
I'ern,  M«  onto  tt  fiir  batiii  1 
KittivmiMM  toe^lh  too, 
111  M  boi»iler  vaaie  00  you. 


60  amonf  the  whalifs' 
FallyoM'M. 

NtB'er  among  1 
Bat(  ye  mftyj 
T3t4mkftra| 
PartriolMai 
AttdMiW'l 

Dotterel^  Oid  idTihe  tot  ^ 
Whleb  I've  omkiadior  fbrnti 
■adaaMtoa 


iborothty. 


ihaaatoTmaB, 
AaiLwe'll  llMaiM«-»4|  «o  «Mi. 
^^       ~    OtntanMEttB  QonoiMi. 


-i'. 


•  v 


'3'"i*»i»!«»wiwww«-riim'«»«» 


to 


■'IVH."    H 


^■*--  to  ripM  flipity , 
MpMaf  mmtn. 

IbrNreiieWil 
we  IrM  coaiiraM, 

tiM  final  iMii** 

diN<with  nfkmV  Hlht  ,_ 
WHM  rank  benwilb  WW  aWMi 


.mt  i 


jSp.J^Mf'i^mOt^  PEBRUARI  ui,im. 


:k 


'jy,iHeE<Utcr^ik,  m^^  C*r«**.    ^   ii^SSl  |? JSJS? JS  £?L  iit 


«»»• 


Sin— I  do  not  Imww  whH|i«r'fMiit» 
MMiiMnM  of  tmh  nktim  ••  I Mtt "owto, 
«ldr«H  yoo  «pon  i  bot  Ihpw  do,  I  W>P?_y«S 
will  endmfOttr  ttf  toIlM 
flompla(n  of.  Hovolwr 
Mem  to  yoo,  in  the«e  Uirto*  i 
like  to  rMd  fbr  an  koar  or  t#o;« 
andavf  r  to  writ*  a  IMlkf 
tbo  daily  roPotkioKi  of  ' 
avdaUmiiy/and  tne 
weka«o  bMn'*tii    ' 

Under Itkew  alr-^    .- 
«(«atiea(•ily  of  ^t  to 

W»ae«nn,yoawai,i|Mli       

my feellnn of  wnoyj^i**  WJJ" 
Me  dlitorbaneea  U»  whWh  M' t^ 

rt.IanudetotMhiWtojif'"^'^ 

>rtof  oiir  eommuiiity  kaw 


jeott  laHudetotM  Wktoji*^, 

brrtof  oiir  eommuility  kaw  mmm 

Her  life,  and  whlok  (kvy  «oi^m« 

daily,  to  tfce  Internmifen  of  I 

triout,  andiotheaWlote- 

■erioas  oeavpatton.    I  haw ,  -'^•r'jjrsns^-r.. 

fUtM  theae  aiinoyanoes,  or  «WWwS*2g» 

iMMtiM  them,  under  H!naratelM««ww«ii« 

Uie  llrtt  are  the  fFah«fer»,  r 

leraUe  ear  tkemtwHrea,  •« 

ttie  rem  of  lu  hate  any  ei» 

eontliiuall*  ietwadkil  01  Wlrtt' 

Marek,**  with  whtkmfc  »  w^ 
Mt«m  of  etiw  leader  ^"^ 
or  the  vkiallera  ^trt  M< 
than  one,  and  In  thataliir 
lUlowa :  wMMler  the  flratr 
A.)  eommeneea  a  tone « \^,mrr'  r^  -rr-^ 
mi)  take*  ft  up  aboor  «h»^iHNj*S^ 
'  Sf:an?aeeoi»panie.  hfm  to  ttr*^--"--^ 
Qave,  by  wbioh  A  hai  fir    " 


taeaMiinoBeontkiiiefcand  jail  ft  yon  are 
ilfttllHyureelf  with  a  hope  that  he  aho 
#m  MM  bo  vhMled,  and  allpv  yo«  to  fwr. 
MM  «oar  MtdmniMiita,  a  third  wUitler  (6) 


wmJ 


wumr 


ilMl  Wmmtrtt  whoaMelowly 
litt^laM,  Had  are  dMnioUMl 
th*  ipMttrpart  of  the  day  hi 
1^^  diey  oMallr  do  out 
"^'^"^*  time.    They  are 
_.tal  thaa  the  whb* 
inf  tnnei,  eonfinfaig 
ea  to^^  th$^MMt>Bi«lodie«,  or  eome 
tkihi^t^mS^^  theM  they  will 
ft  lletMkedWW  two  oeaoMMnHy, 
iMtttiUeriiMB  inu«bwb>«>>»<l 
''**ftMia.or«llki|  op  In  thta 
rale  ordme,  vIMi 
in  any  other  way, 
M  iH^wniw  tliifii  H  dnrlog  on  oni  side 
IM  ^tiitror  Wiik  mgr  ai«  nwnding 
'       M,o»ifnuraiin|llMir  fiingeMt  pir- 
^^.^l^y^;^  neoaoMOd  aone 
-  woMillt&irtthieh  It  •haW  neect- 

T^mtim^Mmd  no  dlMirbanee 
mm^miF^w^^  t».a«yl«llfid»al 

Ilib  iie  JOnmmn,')^ 

^  tbonke  a^imt 

llMy  hATe»  me  Ike 

t  oipftfr  tatiriBi  •M'^' 


^\ 


mpj  «  gresl  de«t  of  their  time  in  dromming 
t  mutiealljr  with  both  haniit  upon  the  tf 


ble  I  they  umelljr  joia  the  whiMlert,  to 
they  niejr,  indeMlf  be  eomidered  m  m  M- 
comiNNimient    They  hiw  beea  hitetir  pcMr 
tiainc  a  new  mode  of  dramming,  vhieh  it 
perfonllied  \iy  pMngthe  oriM  •{pan  Hm  te* 
ble,  and  then  bringing  the  nail*  of  eaeh  In- 
ger,  beginning  with  the  little  one,  la  qniek 
■aeaeMion,  one  dter  tho  otkiTt  apflii  the  . 
wood,  or  what  is  eooiidered  more  M>>on>JM 
and   motieal,  apon  a  hanMoveratf  bMK, 
whkih  thej  keep  by  them  ibut  for  the  par- 
poee.    I  beg  leave  ilrongljr  to  reeommend 
thia  mode,  aa  inflnitely  mora  »Ml  Mid  gMtf 
tienan-like  than  the  other,  njUeh  eOMbM  hi 
mfrely  thumping  the  table  aaiM«Vali/  with 
bothhantf-.  like  a  eommon  dMifiaif r;  and 
qtaUngU.  eandlertiekt  and  Ink^dl  <Im>m;  , 
a  honi'pipe.     Perhaps  these  lint  three 
elsBses  mirht  be  employed  with  advantage 
fir  a  eovple  oT  honra  ayDy^  hi  whirling, 
hnmmhig,  and  drumming  to  the  Mipa'  MM* 
panies,  when  they  take  exeMsei  ayl  a  ea«> 
venient  spot  for  praetising,  their  arte  might 
he  selected  fai  thendghbontlioodorthe  boat- 
hoiM!,  or  the  green  ravine.  , 

Fourth  in  order  are  tlw  -fcmwit.ah*. 
■ever  bring  a  bookorade*,<«%lf  «wr 
the  tethct9ble,  wkhootbangtogSt  dMia«llK 
aU  thetar  asight  and  main,  tOthe<i|d  dM^. 
ihent  of  all  weak  nerves,  and  wi  MMMnon  • 
«r  many  an  unhitentiooal  p9lM(Jiif>|Wr 
Mighhow'k  writhig.  ThipMp^^Mi 
Mem  intmded  toaniiomie»l&WlMlj|M» 
aaid  Bangers,  as  if  they  1|g^MMM. 
"Behold,  I  say!  I  am  aetnaily^gnlog  to 
write!"  Soeh  an  event  wMAr^  nittlhe 
eonfoascd,  is  singnlar  enoorii  m  tel^  ( 
vital  importanee  to  JBs  idl.  *M«  I* 
think,  he  announeed  fU%^n€  jN*^-;^ 

with  aeeriealeap  awlbiHa,sjieh  as  i»  4e- 
Mribad  to  have  beeawom  by  Counwjwr 
Pnntewell  9b  aearlab  (MWi^ont theJMHe 
of  the  belh  wwddgive  aatMe  Mli«|i  tp^iir 
appwaah,  »nd  save  t|f»  li|#»^r*  »W 
t£arop„ifhieh^  *W*|gl<!||l«ltW-lil» 
«annot^nd  wkhafglpiKg;, .;-  -.^.-i-^ 
The  fifth  elass  eottal*  9^  tb4  J»MM#ifO 
eailed  from  the  fiWMiMqr  with  whi^||iey 
IMow  their  noses,  wheAMlietiire  «MriMI«6 
aoeh  eperatioii.  By  >msMar:MMfl#o  Wf 
have  wutoedsoah  fer^elion  &,  ^«^ii*- 
«(,  that  it  ia  nvi  rM 
ItresambieathaMMnA 
oranevrs'hoy'l' 
vagiriarand  nSM 

men  wpim^^fmMm^ 


their  propeMMr  to  pull  their  own  nns<^, 
without  annoying  their  neighbtNir'i  ears. 
Hariag  alrewly  eieeedcd  the  limits  of  a  let- 
ter, t  am  under  the  neeessMy  of  eonelnding, 
nVIm  hviii«  kail  finished  my  list,  and 
shall,  perhaps,  resume  the  subject  at  soma 
fntnrnthM,  sImqM  I  ase  oaeasion  to  do  so. 
In  the  OHiimwTtile  I  remain,  Mr.  Editor, 


TjimffOMIient  Servant, 


Z. 


BIBTH8. 


'**?f.212riaJ 


it 


last,  at  her  residence 

,  Bed  •place   square, 

J  Mousewell,  of  a  son 

htar*    Inrprisirg  as  it  niaV  appear, 

irtbeleai  if  tindoobteil  net,  that 

nts  were  endonted  with  the  po»er 

^^fnc#itelyon  their  birth,  while 

^^  iS.'Wlfctlll^ideSt  ST- 
..„,..  ,Jt  eo«SM|«*Mc,  as  the  former  having 
MnMbMukthocntranee  of  the  apartment, 
was  m  Mwrdy  bruised  by  an  attendant 

lit  hopes  are  indulged, 
I  ktter  will  enjoy  per- 
.fcetsiikt.      .    ':"___ 

]^p|$t|q  INTilLUOBNCB,  lie. 

,  is  now  generally 

>  to  North  Georgh. 

•  ,,«  ,.»^„r^  „_„_,'fcf  at  least  fifteen 

;»{Beks  part,  have  been  mode  to  secniv  him, 

liave,'«e  at«  haj»l^y  to  find,  at  length  suo- 

MiidMt,  m»  dM  fi«|hM'  may  eongratntate 

ttedkiwvw  •n  tbdip  IcIWeraikee  from  thia 

7;Hsfe«^1riH-g;*#*i«k  oM  time  seenwd 

v^itiiialbil^MNlnpry  to  the  community. 

^;pl4  plteiirtwtteohcenihtg  him.  ^ 

:W^lrlt^1lM  sevefa  or  eMit  head%  and  aa 

many  tongsesi  some  of  these  were  very  ve- 

'  nSSia.  Tliilr  other*  otily   snarled  and 

-  grmrM.  M  *«re  P«He«t«T  »»•"»••*  . 
lie  auinner  in  which  these  heads.  Ice. 

.  Ms'isM  giyiaallv  jot  «i?  of/>y?*"l 
rShiaonipo^,  Willi  wtiMl  «t*a»^ 


fiii  that 


«««P*^to  Nt.g, 
lS!^S&m^^fm6k^^  in  on. 


;3 


4'»*«V,-^V-^«rtfc 


te 


.'/  sM 


•  •••••••••  ••••••^•^ 


0TANX48 


1! 

'  ,'.>i» 

«r> 

■-  tVt 

.fi 

■* 

.A-  (.'■  V  ■'.!  •,•-!>  '.#. 


1                        "■'     ■ 

.*  -" 

..'      - 

('.      •.  ^i .'. 

,..:m 

t'«i« 

'^'W'^m 

li^i 

*imjit*kmm 

91X 

Ilir.'fM^IPlMkr^iNi^, 


MOT  Ja  Ik*  MiM  viiaw^il 


'iSSS^ 


M-WUOfUMt 


«£? 


iMd^MMqMAlrith 


[>"  * 


uu 


^•••••••••••fVt  t*«« 


BMiM  iNMOnii 


For  »y  o»  hurU  ytii  mmt  ytar  povV 
TMI^wtilwriig  lav  at  B«m9%  ahriot. 

'    faeoii^i»oiiDBirri, 

TiM  wMMMMiiMlilMlMte  A.  T.  and  Gon- 
tflmm  kava  baaa  reoaivad. 

I  iaito  M^y  tot  aaf  aaaapaa* 


Thal4a#iriio  fiaarrala  «Mi  kar  iMtband 

'    -aMM^aMaM'aaifiMi 

fai»aBaaa»4W) 

FMar%wi]ria«Rdari 

Tlw  Ui^iHm  If  MTflriMd  M.  «B1  la  al- 

laadadlak 


No.  XVIIi^MONOAt,  FKBEUABT  tl,  t8f0. 


.'!?, 


tfrViMv'aa  laacri  Uk*  Htda^lMi  Aa 
iM*4oau|fT'  af  MP  Biaa'to'MiBap''(lpa'  wr 

VHM^    MB  VVaw  1HV,4P*aBIBa  *T9 


tn 


aar  aot  b*  ttaiMarcaliiig  to  jNMr  raidaK 
U  iraa  tni^  dIateaMim  loaaa  the  loagMid 
I  la  wlA  Ilia  WMmuTin^ 


Mpr  nwi  jM( 

^MdHaada 

[■5  lafli|ilii,<|ii  awj^igiii,, 
ant  apMa  ao'iaaairt  'ia  MMNf  tMlr'la^%lillli> 
lirir  at  llrt '  wak  atHwJ  hiiftira  tfii!,iili. 

SStr £ htiatSfiaflg  ^^^ ■•'f**J''ir 
«.AiSSPA*SSll»ft.ll^*'^Ml,'iBii>''Tfft 

■aV^wBMr  pHMMNa  IM  aiMMNHMMfMI  Of 

AmM  haa  Mhiiicna^MiiMr  ikm-^m^"' 
vtoj/|Bt.kfirSAii..  bcpMiUf  ,11  .jii|.- 
al  iim^Mla  aFito  WSi^ii#.vfMii 

^i|piiliarii.<Wiiia  ^w;.li'iiy^iatt  t 
"■        ■"    ^iiiififtario,  to 

MiMMNMitta 
<^  iia  pi«ayi  teiOa  fiiv  poitwl;  and 


^nOa  AOmnid  ag^  tat  all  i&  vain  f 

HMKm^OQaB. 

I  doolt  vhather  hiitarj  aaa  pradnM  aa. 
«ila»  amp  iaa>awaa  aatlfa  tf  aleerful  nOtt. 
■pdifeaii  fcaiilli  IkUtonte  t  Amiditalltta 
aaadiMiaxIMi  «a  lava  leen  sailed  upoa 

wme  i^mwrngw  an '.-aw  gaimt  MinrMwa 
aiadi^>i,(haaMelvaa  onder  tbia  afllictiaaf 
Llftt  *|#  la  raaorded  to  their  iraoMrtal 
mmmt,  iM  tfnjr  patiaotlj  bowed  do«p« 
awir  am/ft  •>»«  tha  itrokc,  and  iattead  af 
nWOiful  Mid  ateapleiott,  nothiag  bol— 
iftWMailiai  ||#i,tll|-dtaiag aariMi^ .. 
^iOa  do  di^tMnk  aSw,  Hr.  I4ilar, 
what  «•  hate  iMMi  aad  ai«  atitl^  aadenni 
hg  ftr  aur  eaoatiyV^la  f    Uitle  <|p  thaf 

and  that  at  ona  «f  ynar  eaHy  aorrmpon- 

wart  •mk.vitimC  uymii^  aOmi^ 

that  anee  m  lMt|-.pii|i >•  baiavleanM- 

dqaed  (p  ^^^  P|rtpii4  i4tffNil«i  iff 
|4iBg  wiUMMtolir  dliiiMr,o>ornM|gUBf  it 


64 

•  ••MMKMtt 


«pMlMirftpoaa4«r4mliaMt.diliBkniil.     imiimmmitf,  mpMtei  Ik*  Ml  (Mr 


by  croo 
who  havfl 


iMdimafdiMOMiyf 


■d,MpMtoN]r 

b«m  befbrr  nniiiniii  t  »  (hil  mIm  tN 
■tl«klmtbr«tf^MMri|t>|^ 


»r««5^|js&£  S^ 


Torfir  okMBcBt  Swnut, 


k     M  bafore, 


laiidab|« 

Toar'MMiiiMit  8«riMt, 

SliHMf  8R<«iMnr. 


fV  Mi  «^ll»»<  #j?W^^5inN«l. 


nniATBioA»  nMunr* 


^^U^^^^^^-  ^^^^^L^^^l     ^^^^k.MMft  ^^Mba 


0»  Wcdneidqr  iMt  wn  |Mrf<Mm«d  for  the 
IMMMid  UaM  tlite  MMoa,  the  eon«d7  or7A« 

■Iffltthmm    ^h»  tnrtiyie  voMmm  of  Ui«  nliht.  md 

mSSm  ii'mmm-mifm  ^ 

■  fST^S 

;:-!*,-,.: 
,...,,  .. 

■IIHWIMklllftllitlltifeib 


0«  Wnmina*  Maim  i,  IIKV  «ii  b#if|)i>iitf' 


T 


■J' 


'^-   ••     ,! 


fbrljMr|Ptiiii»;f»iitfriif» ' 


■i"i*.'''  -!  '.:!•>■' 


\-.,.!.--i,».-.y 


,  Am iImv »/ dMMrk Mtrirr. 
yfy  im»  vHl  Mk  ««f«  MMftiM, 

^•^J^^BW^  ^^^PW  AfiP^W  BW^^r  w  Hi  WM   . 


,n  soul'  USBCllS 

aoae  li—  ihtt  Dluwr  ihtw. 


AMt  MMMMliiigUl 


TttJiHkwwii 

fbrMiffclk 
TsvtlltwaMk 

T*hiipm 


iite 


fW  Iot  tAilMlf  ImM. 

tkintth  1  mM, 

Mjr  |«iMk  iMhl 

UldM'tMte' 


A»dttettUt«Mi^ 
1tlMy11«lMiaM?Mi 


N.IC. 


X'mjiol  DOW  ta  0M  «M  t 
WttfDiti^wsmlM 


No.  XVIIL-^MONPAY,  FRBRUABt  fit,  UiO. 


•v.;-;!.  ;V 

••.,'' ,   *>*/ 

r-'-:i 

w 

t  '    .»■»».•     ■  ! 

S«,'.v  ■!---i*- 

u 

j.     i>A*hT- 

•' 

m^fk 


^'U  yoorGi. 

V|^,  10  W^IHr«  ft  IH.  tldi  1?1^ 

Wt  H  MOQ  u  they  open  Cheir  eji»,ti^t 


bummers  ordnunmen,  or  lome  oOMrif 
di4  iH%  «Im^  I  lHr*o  Mora  dwwifctd. 
lUditr,  ilMirafiM,  Itan  be  «he  immum  ^ 
rdU^  MorUMet  of  ooe  hooi^  qttletduiaf 
tfiediv,  ItfilndiDg  flNdtwithtolMdriile  • 
M»am  mWoI  Meep^  I  dmll  dhmlis 
fhti  pert  «f  like  Ml^  irilh  espnalMr  ft 
Uteri thii Mtte  iBcbnit maj be  wgMliarf 
^Mtyng  ilMfte  genHomni  lo  tteep  vkkovl 
miont^a  Ptt4ins  h  vdjpit  beof  ed>MiM^> 
itaft  Wl|i«ft  iliftiiwd  to  eseh  of  then  ft  ta»* 
Mtv  im»  M  «e  an  toM  ty  GtOHter,  wm 
fMitp«a^iftL9«itftbiire.  taitwttfi$m 
mariiiee  «oiild  emfybe  trfthied  to  tUf  i  mg 
i^M  be  hMtraeied  to  |!fe  them  ft  fftM 
iinprtbos  tathe  etf  «t  emi^nora,  ftaa 
fbratoHinooth  ihcaftdowB*  to  n-eompftn 
thfttti  to  deep,  takfaig  partieabr  eftM,  irhWi^ 
gtnr  dwt'  pfwtiee lraftl4  eneble  them  to 
ao,  totteke  ttMft  Mfl  the  iloir  ^kMf 
•buplf,  bat1»i^tiwaiMt6nmi|Mnik« 
•bMiitdy  ft««bofaiftliMi. 

I  now  eotttilottipSniKra,  whik  bf  jirm 
neMM  or  other,  hftre  got  eat  of  uiefr  plMO 


-»»»»•'.  tots^mrS^" 


m 


V 

u 


in  my  «ateloMe,  ai  OmrJi^^iM^  Jto  Mne  M' 
lowed  Uw^ioweni  hn!mf$  }mmm*  Uw 

ofTenee  tb«y  give  it  ehidly  J^  (m  MMt. 

Th^y  are,  however,  M  one  ewi^titt  fxint, 
the  vfry  revene  of  iM  Mo««»(  bawMw, 
vhcreu  ibew  last  m  jAwm  mki§  their 
pockt^t-hwidltemhkft,  the  SoMfcriMiraraM 
anj ,  liUi  perfoiMi  the  Mune  olBoe  more  Mo- 
nomieally,  mort  freqaentlj,  mdl  mart  in 
jiutioeadd»  withs  lew  <ii«ti»ih«nee  to  othera 
than  ihowtreroendoin  Coneh>Biowen.  The 
SnifTen  liave  been  oiMerfnd  toinereMtTery 
mueh  linee  the  UMoold  wc«tfitr.Mt  in,  and 
ttiereia,  perhaps,  tQme  eieiMe  tier  tlMlb{ 
bat  I  do  hereby  eiv»  notiee  that  all  GMffing, 
after  the  10th  of  aiareh,  aaoat  bcjoniidered 
alnohitelj  inadmiwUiir;  apdlheSnilibnare 
hereby  required,  in  the  iiirah  time^  to  pro- 
vide tbemMlvee  with  a  proo^r  nmnberof 
fcandkerehieft,  and  to  blow  tneir  noaea  like 
gentlemen,  after  that  date,  on  ptdu  of  be- 
hig  poMed  for  the  nte-perormaaee  of  the 
•aroc  in  the  •neeoMWi  week**  newanaper. 

Next  in  order  on  MfliM  1  tnd  the  Shnn- 
nen,  or  aa  my  eorr^mQadent  X.  haadeno* 
roinnted  them,  the  DociyBleaimera.  Tbeae, 
Mr.  Editor,  are  inde^  atHr.  X.  has  ex> 
pivwed  it,  -  a  daily  and  boorly  ineomeni- 
enee."  Bat  alai!  wbat.ehanee  ean  uy  ef* 
fort  of  mine  have  or«orrt«U«f  this  noiqr 
praatiee,  .ii!l|eii.«feo  a  ef^^opest  pabMy 
made  by  the  «omtD  ider  Of  the  expeditioo 
In  have  merey  on  hiL<  own  door,  and  the  ad- 
johifaig  balk.heads,  hoa  not  yet  had  nj  per- 
eeptiUe  eflket?  It  is  not  neeevary  lbi-«M- 
10  explain  in  what  the  art  of  the  Buuamers 
eonsiits,  for  t(ie  word  ainat^at  on«e  Mnvcy 
tooar  minde,wbt;oar  e(m*^  inedMlaM* 
If  in  the  habit  of  cxperienaiQ|.  But  there 
are  some  eireamttaneea  attending  the  prae- 
tiae  of  this  ait,  whiah  my  eonatant  observe- 
tioo  haa  msde  me  aeqaafaited  with,  and 
wbMi  yoof  toadert  w'dlk  opM  irM,  IM  to 

It  asaybe  relJedon  aa  an  laeoatroeeiitible 
fwl,  that  the  iioree  wWi  whiA  tiM  Siemmere 
alMtt  thedootfb  js  intended  brnem,  as  hf 
1lie.Baa|ert,  to afmoaaee thearaflrivel ;.fi|>, 
widbottt  se«M  sneh  iamns,  so  important  an 
evootmi^passihly  remtlnnnnotieed,  and 
fiirthiillMV  would  never  liy^ve  themselves. 
Soaseef  ibe.more  invetertteof  thb  elii«k, 
afterthiyhave  stammed  tkn  . door wWI be- 
ooosing  energy,  on  entering  4an,d  awhile  to 
«anre  theaoaelves  that  all  hands  mw:  mede 
•ware  of  their  eomiM  t  and  then,  and.  not 
tjlllhea,  eomplaeenl^  take  their  seats.  It 
iaeoA»ab«cn  remarked,  Mr.  Editor^  tlmt 
Ittle  people  are  more  eonaeqaentild  than 
«Kote  who  ere  taller.  Whether  this  be  the 
•aae  or  not,  1  will  net  preteniltB  determfa>e;t 
h«t  eertahi  1  am  th«l»  ■mUtTmj  f!k«  exin- 
ttansblhe  psat^popleaf ipmr  eommtnfar 
alass  thadoort  «e  bnnM*  f'^  ^  >lttN* 


^erM»,  and  i|i|j»Qrdio|  to  th«  |»piiUr  notion, 
to  his  eonseqoenoe  altio,  tbit  I  trtMlM  bi0 
boand  to  goem  a  man%  height  within' att 
inch  nr  so,  by  the  manner  hi  whtieh  he  shots 
the  door.  P^rftipi,  If  >oa  Jvmw  my  ovWi 
T,ikM  all 


siie,  yon  v.'ohld  allo# 
foltowing  (.rjseri^<ioo, 


I  have,  in  (h^ 
i|^>tfaed  Mil  per» 


aoMi  reeling  to  «  senii^  of  jatlea  and  tritth. 
Yoor  King<Jolin%  nwnj  eomnranhr  said  to 


nearare  Mar'  feet  nothfaq^  eiiters  with  a  tre- 
mendcns  slam,— like  Jove  he  ei^rrfca  liia 
thnnder aboot with  him?  A  neat  dapoier 
little  fellow  ef  ive  feet  ttit«e  tir  Amr  InaheB 
makes  the  bt^eeds  make  egain.  and  what 
is  even  worse,  ^hie  fll-nUHMMi  Violehec^ 
eeoaet  the  door  to  r»-eipe«i«  so  BnT  lie  Mm 
and  flnreteayoBM  the  attne  that.  Aswa 
cettollve  feet  tdx,  and  IHMi  that  to  ivo 
feet  ten,  the  deora  are  shot 
ratelv;  and  a  deeentalHedfeltow,  Of 
six  feet  or  upward^  even  of 
conseqoenee,  mw  gik4n  end  oat  of  an  B|Mnt- 
ment  and  ssareefy  be  hitmniti*  I'know  orone 
way,  and  only  one,  hi  wMeh  the  Slammers 
ean  possibly  be  eared  of  their  hebit.  I  have 
beard  of  a  dog  having  been  broke.oT  woity- 
ing  a  eat  by  manlfaig  him,  and  then  letting 
puasmr  serateh  his  nose  in  seenrity.  Mjr  re- 
eipe  lor  the  Stammers  it  of  Ae  spme  kiAd. 
Let  their  heeds  be  aeeurdy  end  closely  tied 
to  the  most  rattling  i/oot  i»  eittMr  ship^'thea 
let  two  stoat  men,  oneoneeAsMe,  beem- 
rJoyedlbran  hour  hi  opening  and  sbntting 
the  doMW  es  often  and  as  hard  as  they  al« 
IM*;  ::if  Ms  dosei  taken  three  time*  a  dsry , 
for  one  week,  does  not  eare  the  most  invete- 
rate OMe  in  the  history  of  this  disesM,  the 
SkmiiiMrt  Hmy.  hMlec4  h^^ronomeed  abao- 
lutdy  faieorrigible. 

tnoweomete  the  Growlneb  a  very  teas- 
tag  efaMs,  of  whom  I  had  a  good  deel  tosaj, 
bet  I  Sm  1  have  been  anticipated  by  a  more 
aatirieal  writer^  yoar  |ast  gayette,  who  took 
oeeariOii  to  desaiM  on  this  saltfesl,  irheo^'la- 
mentable  to  relate  i  the  phw  on  board  the 
Heeb^wvue.  i«atapok«d  Jo  proper  time  Ar 
dfauMir,  A#  yiMV  enrrespoodeBt  **  A  Spee* 
tator,**  mi^vhpm  it  in  eontemplsiion  t&re- 
some.thii  ftwMf  e^inljeet  eta  fiitnrc  time,! 
shall.very  wHlpfly  lenfe  it  In  his  haMlii.MM 
a*  Itaiqr  yw  MoTyoor  readers  will  bedb  tm 
think  I  MB  agahi  mebg  tediewt  I  thriTre. 


peat  people  the  handl|M|e|  alii   Imtoed  to 
•saetlv  iMtinortioaal  tevt  I  fgniMHj  iband 
I  dbor  to  be  tt  the  siM  of  the 


esrve  the  renilivMrisf  my  list  to  some  o&er 
time»  ifkij  assereydalhnveyetaslioise 
coOf «tion.  By  way  MrntMrthw  pnigivm on 
my  hMt  eommwiienllon,  I  ibairoo^  at  pre- 
aeiit  add  that  one  nose>blower '  has  been  ce- 
elaimodt  bat  nother  b  se  bed  as  vrw.  I 
havertM^nd  tiro,  whirtler*  stifle  tlMb>  tones  in 
the  mkUte,  and  thoy  mav  therefore  be  mA 
lohelMilfeorMeledinthiarMM.    . 

1lMB«i4»n  M  Iwgh  •t«yiekt(  bat 
dn«,<CUie  (Msi^jiml  of  them.tlote  notiMt  iko 
eep  M  Itia  owflSfM!^  IbrwtAh  It  wis  ^Uim 
intmidM.  MoeipMHidment  is  yet  tierechpA 
hi  the  Haeipm  of  tNpmML  and  1  Iheia- 
fc(«  ti«a  Mtfap  td  UM  said  Hiaavaenii  iinl 


67 


iihiiK'Mi 
heth«U 

,U  tiw 
m  peir- 
id  truth. 
Mid  to 
•  tre- 
rrkw  hi* 


!,; 


vUm 
indwhit 

he«im 
.  At#« 
t  to  fvo 

reiaodfe- 


towofoBe 
lUunnen 
t.  Ihat» 
Df.woriy- 
«« letting 
,  My  re- 
in* kiiMi. 
lowiyUed 
•hip,  then 
te,  bedoi- 
t  thHttiag 
« they  are 

ioitinTete- 

•eue,  the 
iMed 


wiytew 

MltOMJ. 

hfmw 
yvhotoofc 

tboHdthe 
crthDote 
"ASpce* 
■lidiitore- 
aretinM«t 

Mhiidiat* 
IdhdTra. 
othw 


ctaeheiM 


nUati 
■  Dcen 


■tpt*' 

n«e- 
Merer.  I 
strtnaethk 


MAlHltlU 


mfutn  MA 


Dnwitaer*,  that  m  thej  ire  unanimoodf 
deeland  to  be  the  greatest  beet,  exeept  the 
Slammen,  which  ourtablei  Mve,  thejr  matt 
either  raend  their  aiannen,or  ezpeet  to  be 
handled  more  Mveralv  in  aome  future  eom- 
nuuieation. 

From  your  obedient  atfrvant, 

Ta  the  Editor  qfthemnter  Chnnick. 

Mm,  Borron— At  1 ,  via  paaiing  one  of 
the  cabins  the  other  day,  my  eara  were  sa- 
luted by  auoh  an  eitfMi«dinaiy  medley  of 
iDurmuring  sonnds,  that  I  eoald  not  for 
the  life  of  ne,  ahkoogh  aveiie  to  sueh  prae- 
tiees,  refrain  from  peeping  in.  If  my  won- 
der was  before  excited ,  how  mooh  greater 
vras  it  upon  finding  the  eaUn,  exeept  iu  ntnal 
furniture  and  a  redAe<«Aot,  perfectly  empt:^' 

After  refleetiogv  a  few  momenta  on  thia 
curbua  bhenoraenonl,  the  enigma  was  at 
length  solved  by  my^reedlecting  to  have  resd 
of  some  travdwrs  whose  voices  fn»e  during 
the  winter,  and  on  the  return  of  milder  wea« 
ther.  formed  a  similar  concert.  Being  now 
satisfied  that  the  sounds  were  caused  by  the 
inflnenee  of  the  ted-het  shot  on  the  surround- 
ing atmosphere,!  entered  theeabin,and  en- 
joyed one  of  the  most  delightful  half  hours 
you  can  possibly  imagine. 
^  The  words  were  uttered,  if  I  may  be  al- 
•oved  the  expression,  in  a  soft  lausieal  ci- 
denee,  and  being  lengthened  out  very  much 
hy  the  gradual  process  of  thawing,  and  occa* 
l)ionally  interspersed,  with  aq^s  and  mteriec- 
tioosipradaeed  such  wild  and  sc>^ithing  hap> 
mony,  that  my  senses  were  soon  lulled  htto 
•  most  deticioua  torpor.  The  tones,  to  be 
nue,  were  sometimes  broken  by  harsh  and 
^iMonant  notea,  bat  for  the  moat  part  their 
IQ^od^  aboadanlly  compensated  for  those 
trifling  aunoyfeuees. 

I  .w,uh  it  vaa  in  aay  power  to  give  you  an 
adequate  idee  of  this  aKrial  concert;  but  as  it 
would  be  vaht  to  attetjipt  such  a  task,  I  shall 
oootcot  myself  with  tubjoinfaig  a  short  speci- 
pwn  of  the  language,  leaving  the  rest^your 
"    "^'  "'.loo.-  ■■■,-■      '^     --■  . 

sndeat  oiW— In  shady  graves- -4ieigh 
Do!>-i>b^t  pregeny  of  Jove«M>itte  times  6 
ia  Si-^llts  hero  fired— iRntal  eharms— Hea- 
veoa  vaat  «^Mave^«bqand  in  firm  ice  the 
fetteMd  stt:Aa«~pshaw!— flour  and  suet  for 
491' 4*}  e->Mr.  Editor-' 

Soft  was  the  luktre  of  her  heavenly  eye, 
like  the  mild  splendour  of  ah  aretio  shy— 

Coals  two  eh*ldrons*<-alaa!  wo  la  me— can- 
dles—«fter-4)old-'^on—Contri-Mlo!~fa— 
oe.'*  At  the  shot  eooled^  the  word*  gradu- 
ally lengthtoti,  and  betfatte  Incoherent ; 
then  wen  only  half  ^nraalcd ;  knd  at  length 
the  sound  finally  ce*nog,  all  li^as  hbihed  in 
ail«o6e. 


It  has  frequently  been  the  subject  of  re- 
gret with  me  sinae,  that  from  the  want  of 
talent,  I  lost  so  fine  an  opportunity  of  fur- 
nishing something  for  the  last  week^  paper ; 
it  is,  indeed,  a  pi^  some  others  of  vonr  eor- 
responikmts  were  not  present  who,  oy  exert- 
ing a  little  oC  their  wonted  ingenuhy,  mMt 
soon  hfive  collected  materials  enough  Ibr 
either  poetry  or  pi'oae,  and  rendei  ^d  their 
apologies  nnneeestary,  beridesfiHingthe  half 
sheet  which  the  disappointed  community 
was  deprivied  of  by  the  frigidity  of  the  weal- 
ther. 

However,  should  their  wits  fail  them  upon 
any  future  oecssioa,  a  gloving  loggerhead 
placed  in  any  of  the  eabins,  which  probsA>ly 
you  can  point  out,  will  not  foil  of  supplying 
abundant  atoie  of  elegant,  witty,  and  Bril- 
liant deaa. 

I  remain ,  Mr.  Editor, 
Your  most  obedient, 

PeifikoTok. 

For  the  Winter  Chrmiicle. 
BBFLBCTIONS 

OCOASIOIIKD  BT  THE  n»X  AT  TBB  UBSnVA- 

'  lOHTHorsijATVrnrrEBHABBom, 
nsanrAKTSi,  18i20. 

THTmeroies^O  Eternal  King!  ' 

Still  guard  the  creatures  of  thy  powV, 

Thy  glories  wbnd'ring  angels  sing. 
Thy  goodneu  marks  tlw  pauing  boor. 

Dark,  fcymleis  chaos  at  thy  word 

Sohmiisive  into  order  roll'd. 
Thy  httid  the  new  creation  stored, 
'    And  deckVi  the  skies  with  living  gold. 

Eaehfleetfeg  ancment  meaks  thy  love, 
Our  ev'nr  pu^lse  proclaims  thy  grace ; 

To  distant  lands  if  W{B  remove. 
We  still  thy  Ibving-kbdness  trace. 

When  home  upon  the  qorthern  bhut 
Was  heard  the  dismal  cry  of  fire, 

Aehin^lro*ev'rytK)som  paasM, 
A  naniie|[eas  horror,  deep  anddfat. 

But  hope  again  each  ere  illumed, 
Twas  hot  our  ships  Involved  in  flaitie  t\' 

The  labottri  of  our  hands  consuoMed, 
Tet  we  survive,  td  praise  thy  name. 

At  such  a  time  the  scene  how  dread ! 

Keen  frost  pervading  all  the  air, 
Had  quickly  number'd  with  the  deiw] 

The  few  the  elementa  might  i^are. 

Thou  Great  Supreme,  Almighty  Lord|, . 

Preserve  us  sue  -ironi  ev'ry  ilL  > 
Thy  foardian  pretence  still  afford*. 

Arid  let  us  taste  thy  bounty  still ! 

When«  at  thy  hod,  the  doom-born  flame. 
Shall  burst  the  womb  of  ending  time. 

May  Jejid^  merit  icive  us  claim 
1 0  dwell  with  Thee  in  worlds  tubtimet. 


r  t 


/ 


m 


USES  SUGGESTED  Bt  THE  DEATH  OF  A  GULL, 

woo  WAM  BI7BVT  IH  THS  tlBI  WHICB  BBOKI  OUT  IK  TO  OBSnTATOBT  ■OnC. 

Vmunt  gall,  tby  laekleu  end 

May  alitiMt  olmim  i  tear ; 
And  Uiof  lb  air  that  will  attend 

III  make  the  matter  elear. 


I  feel,  Hb  tme,  lome  lenae  «f  piin 
Your  mflPlrings  to  review  i 

But  aueh  regrets  are  ever  vain^— 
Min  Jenny  Gvll—adien ! 


Thr  paivnta  on'Uie  Ma-waahM  heaeh 
iTeil,  piened  bjr  fatal  lead  t 

In  rain  from  awift  ponaei'a  reaeh 
Thywif  and  brother  fled. 

WtMttho'  denied  aloft  toaoar, 
Orakiim.the  wateranmnd ; 

Yon  both  upon  North  Georpa'b  shore 
Pea-soup  in  plenty  found. 

Yet  food  afibrds  but  atnall  delight 
When  aquabblea  break  our  reat; 

And  John  and  you  would  often  fight. 
The  cause  youraelvea  knew  beat. 

fiat  Johnny  died— and  this  Utst  souroe 

Of  pleasure  with  him  fell. 
When  dire  ennui's  all^retfU;  force 

Did  in  your  bosom  swell. 

AtHength  the  ftital  mom  arrires. 

Unusual  flames  aseend : 
Had  you  poaaeas'd  an  hundred  livea. 

They  all  had  found  an  end. 


Por  the  Winter  Chronick. 

A  PHILOSOFtoC  REVEIllE. 

Poo*  utter'd  renwmtaof  ay  wash, 
Tbo*  yoa  no  move  my  thoiiUenfraee ; 

Ycxpithm  w«dd  appear  a9  i«sb» 
I  must  pnt  on  a  amHiBg  faee. 

Some  taiMeaa-^ill -leu  some,  1  find. 
Some  collar^ieaa  and  armTless  to(^ 

Seme  quite  to  tMcr  acoreb'd  b«id«4> 
And  all  wilLineaidiiv  want,; with  new. 

I'is  very  true  the  ahhta  are  gone. 
But  what  are  they.  If  aafe  the  akin ! 

Some  skins  Pn  lost,  but  there  is  one 
Yet  safe  and  sound— tad  thiit  I'm  rp !. 

1  viewM  the  blaze,  and  bit  My  thotnba^ 
Then  heaved  a  aelentifie  sigb } 

But  since  the  elicfchi^  pendnluittS' 
Are  saved— 111  no«r  to  dkiner  fly. 


No.  XIX.~MONDAT,  MABCtL  6,  1820. 


To  the  Editer  of  the  WMer  Chrtnide. 

Tas  ery  of  Beform  having  reached  even 
to  North  Georgia,  1  shall  reqneStof  you  to 
exert  your  interest  with  Z.  in  iw  behalf, 
trusting  that  the  eommiserathio'  «Ueh  my 
ease  mUsl  <ixoits,  wi^  fndoed  hitt  to  adwt 
measures  fpr  dBeeting  its  speedy  amend- 
ment. Von  roust  know  then,  that  I  am  very 
fond  of  telling  a  good  story,  or  what  i»  teeh- 
nically  ^lied  "apipuing  a  Tont;"  have 
doubled  the  Cape,  been  at  rulo  Penang;, 
Palambang,  Tanjong„Goooting,  B^ngi|lore, 
Cannanore,  and  moat  of  the  pulo'a,  banga 
and  Qirea  in  the  Indian  and  Ubfata  aeAa. 

What  I  have  to  complain  of  4a  thia--liav- 
ing  finished  what  I  believe  to:be  a  very  mar- 
veiloos  atory,i  up  risea  oneflf  these  igentlc- 
mc^,  whom  I  shall  distinguish  by  the  appel- 
lation of  a  walking  phehomenon,  vh$.  not 
having  doubled  the  Cape,  is  not  aprtmged 
man,  i^nd  relates  something  similAr,  but 
three  times  more  extraordinary,  ttiiA  imme- 
diately robs  roe  of  that  awe  and  admiration 
which  we  Cape  men  are  alone  ebtitled  to. 

Now,  Mr.  Editor.  1*11  l«tve  tttoyour  im- 
partial judgment,  whether  my  esuie  does  not 
ieserve  notice.    Pray,  do  all  you  cau  for 


me  irith  Zf.and.use  ybur  editorial  infltienee 
And  aothority  to  hy  these  anquallfled  won- 
der>moonrii' 
Iain,  Sir, 

Yooi' obedient  Servant, 

Naibait  LtOHti^aow. 


Tothe  EOim-t^the  iTiater  Cknnkk. 

Mt  Dkab  Sta-^aptlvated  bf  dM^eiiea- 
ey,  the wwpiiaitM. lwntinMBt,'awil <thetel(der- 
nesefor4hefeeli4g*of  otbm,  ^isplMed  by 
4hb  ehami^  Mr.  Z.,  Ibef,  th«wg|toyaiir 
means,  to  Tmplpra  <the  pubUeation  of  his 
essays  in  a  sapar«te*ftnB,  and  that  my  name 
mav  be  placed  al  the ihead-of  the  Ust  df  Sub- 
scribers, to  ensure  me  the  estimation  of  the 
piAlie,  whieb  be  bas  so4iberaiiy  endeavour- 
ed to  prooure  for  bis  eompanipos.. 

I  remain,  my  dear  Sir,  Your  ever-obliged 


7b  (he  E(Btor  iff  the  fHiasrChronicte. 

Mr;  EotTOA— Lest  you  or  your  readen 
should  think  I  have  anv  thing  to  do  with 
your  corrcspoudent  who  lias  thought  proper 


69 


llE. 


Unt 


hJmi,, 
itli  new. 

e. 

■kill! 
I  one 
I'inrp! 

r 

fly. 


->'a 


{•I  iiiiliveoee 
ualtfiied  woo- 


mt, 

dmmtik. 

il'UiiB'teiider- 
4HplM«db]r 

Mtion  ef  iiis 
htt  my  mne 
leUatOfkob- 
lution  of  the 
r  codcftveur- 
II*. 

e*er«obliged 
.Ekslt. 


Chronicle, 

jaae  readerr 
{  to  do  with 
ought  proper 


to  aname  mj  ii|Kaatan  in  your  lut  Number, 
■ndwho  teems  io  be  lOwellTened  in  the 
art  of  extraeting,  not  only  lenie,  but  *<  abun- 
dant ttorf  €f  efepnt,  witty,  and  brilliant 
idcaa,**  from  loflRrheadt,  I  bq;todiielaim 
all  knowledge  of  or  eonnexioo  with  him, 
and  tft  ■dbaenbe  royaelf  a*  bclbre. 
Your  obedient  Sertant, 

Pnnve-ToK  tbx  F»r. 

To  the  EtHtor  of  the  Winter  Chnmele. 

SiK— Being  one  of  thote  who  have  felt  it 
my  duty  to  contrfliute^y  mite  oeeuionally 
towards  Ailing  the  eolurons  of  yoor  Gazette, 
I  have  been  desiroat  tor  these  two  or  three 
weeks  past,  to  drop  something  into  your 
box,  and  have  therefore  essayed  to  write  an 
article,  but  in  vidn ;  the  severe  eold  weather 
whieh  called  fordi  the  apologie;  of  your 
more  constant  correspondents,  in  the  last 
Number  hot  one,  has  so  cramped  the  few 
ideas  which  I  possess^  that  I  liare  been  ren- 
dered  ti  tally  ioeapaUe  of  producing  any 
thing.  Ukier  these  circumstances,  I  be- 
eame  a^pret  insive  lest  the  same  cause  pro- 
doeing  simihr  effects  upon  our  community 
in  general,  f  hould  leave  your  pages  blank, 
and  deprive  us  of  oar  usual  Monday  morn- 
ing's entertainment.  Guess,  then,  the  re- 
lief whieh  my  anxietv  felt  on  finding  this 
dreaded  vacuum  so  ably  filled  up  by  me  ef- 
fusions of  "  a  riowing  l(qa(erhead !" 

I  eoofesf,  Mr.  Editor,  that  since  my  re- 
sidence in  North  Georgia,  1  have  been 
mightily  taken  with  the  sp^ty  of  those  self- 
'  same  loQ^erheads,  and  have  used  my  best 
endenviturs  to  obtain  them  as  guests  in  my 
eal4d  ta  frequently  as  possible.  It  is  true, 
they  are  in  general  much  addicted  to  irony, 
hut  when  warmed  into  a  proper  temper  by 
the  neighbourhood  of  a  good  eonl-fire,  they 
become  the  moat  agreeable  eompanions  that 
can  bo  conceived,  and  I  boldly  venture  to 
aflSrte,  there  is  not  a  man  of  sense  in  our 
whole  community  Who  does  nnt  feel  plea- 
sjtre  fai  receiving  a  visit  from  one  of  the 
Icggerhead  tribe,  when  their  noddles  are 
thoi  heftted  to  a  glowing  temperature. 

Bat,  Mr.  Editor,  hijpily  as  I  appreciate 
thdti^  tilents  in  diffusing  warmth  and  cheer- 
fulAcM  to  all  «^ho  come  within  the  sphere 
of  their  genial  influence,  I  could  not  help 
expressing  the  most  Agreeable  surprise  on 
finding  tiiat  one  of  them  had  not  only  sur- 
passed the  rest,  but  actually  outstripped  all 
others  df  our  community  by  producing 
"such  wild  and  soothing  harmony^"  as 
tended  to  "  lull  the  senses  mtn  a  most  deli- 
oiotts  torpor !'»  Altbongh  the  coolini;  pro- 
cess, I  presume,  oansed  much  of  the  irm^  I 
have  before  sp<Acen  of,  to  be  mixed  up  with 
the  wit  and  good-horooor  contained  m  the 
dii^inted  sentences  which  "  Peeping  Tom" 
has  transcribed,  they  are  nevertheless,  no 
amusing,  that  I  equMly  regret  with  himself, 
the  cause  by  which  he  was  prevented  from 


giving  us  more  of  them.  As,  however,  the 
ice Ubrakea,  the  thawing  process  will,  in 
all  prababililT,  eontinoe;  wad  as  Peeping 
Tom's  acquaintance  with  the  Loggerheads 
who  afforded  us  this  afirial  concert,  will  ena- 
ble him  to  keep  a  watch  upon  them,  1  hope 
to  see  many  of  your  tutnre  columna  filled 
by  effusions  of  the  same  kind,  in  which 
(contrary  to  what  might  have  been  reason- 
ably expected,)  diere  ia  neither  perversion 
of  sense,  nor  invgrtioa  of  sound,  but  an  ex- 
cellent substitute  for  the  themes  which  were 
«  nipp'd  i'  (he  bod"  by  the  frigidity  of  the 
weather,  and  which  rendered  necessary  the 
applogies  of  so  many  of  your  Correspon- 
dents^ among  which  I  beg  may  "be  ineluiwd 
Yoar  obedient  Servant, 

Ton  Pxmn-AT. 


Fvrthe  Winter  Chronicle. 

HTPEBBOBBAN   80F0BIVICS. 

No  sylvan  scenes  around  me  lie. 

That  can  my  MusC  incite 
From  famed  Parnassian  regions  high  ^ 

to  wing  her  hasty  flight. 

But  in  my  cabin's  snag  receu. 

She  sometiiucs  di}i||ns  to  sit,^ 
Descant  upon  da-  V    i  inter's  dress, 

Or  sharpeu  np  m ;  wit. 

And  now  I  feel  the  ^v  i  i '  in8{>*ro 

The  co^.  «• »  of  tt  >   jead , 
Creating  in  m)  bra'',  .'<  .t-  e. 

To  sing  an  >  r  -t'f  ben. 

When  fr>m  the  i^jf^n^  hbars  of  day 

Ihatcn'"  xspas. 
The  cold    :.■;».•  of  no  delay, 

In  ta^pg  off  tiiy  elcthe^ 

Propared  at  lengft,  a  diiv'iiig  wight, 

Quick  into  bed  I  leap. 
And  'ncfttb  six  blankets' combrous  weight, 

Compose  myself  to  nleep. 

O'er  all  togn&ird  from  fhMty  air 
Is  stretch'd  a  wolfs  warm  hide. 

Which  I,  w   a  more  than  comnion  care 
Took  in  on  either  aide. 

In  woollen  wrapt  o'er  head  and  ears 

I  snore  till  moraing-Ii^ht, 
While  dreaming  fanc^  olten  n.  <irv 

A  scene  of  past  delight. 

But  at  my  door  the  servant  stops, 
"Sir,  'tis  almost  seven  beils;" 

Then  in  a  light  he  quickly  pops. 
Which  every  fancy  quells. 

The  drowsy  yawn  which  still  preoedw 

Ere  off  our  sleep  wc  shake. 
Against  liie  ict  my  elbow  leads, 

And  shivers  me  awake. 
A  moment  then  in  state  I  lie, 

All  tikoughu  of  slumber  lost ; 
While  beauteous  crysUls  m«et  mf  eyo 

In  varied  work*  of  firost. 


f- 


70 


I'l 


Illnmined  by  the  eandle't  njra 

They  deek  rojr  enbin'i  top, 
Bnt  feeling  foon  the  heated  U«xe 

They  liquety  and  drop. 

O  !  more  than  eaatern  luxury. 

Without  the  artbtli  aid. 
In  shover-bAth  to  mollify, 

At  eaie  m  haply  laid ! 

But  hark  I  thatnoiie!  ea«h  elanging  C{up 

And  uueer,  rattlea  nrand  t 
The  signal  heard,  I'm  qoiakly  lip. 

And  toon  at  breakfast  found.  . 

Faito-SoMmm. 


NOTICE  TO  COSBEBPOmiBRTf. 


We  have  toapologiae  to  oar  Correapoa- 
dent  Z  for  the  aeoidental  omiwion  inoorlaat 
week's  PapeVt  of  an  acknowledgment  vhieh 
we  had  designed  to  make,  hi  consequence  of 
having  felt  oorselvea  anoer  the  neceuit^  of 
omitting  a  section  of  hia  seeood  communica- 
tion. 

We  hope  he  will  favour  the  PuUie  with 
hia  promised  continuation. 


No.  XX.— MONDAY,  MARCH  18,  1820. 


To  tfie  Editor  of  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

Si» — ^The  very  flattering  encouragement 
which  1  met  with  in  your  last  Number,  not 
only  from  yourself  but  from  two  or  three  of 
your  Correspbndents,  has  made  me  venture 
another  letter  into  your  box.  Authors  are 
naturally  as  proud  of  their  productions  as  a 
mother  is  of  her  children ;  but  nobody  but 
authors  can  conceive  the  rapture  expe- 
rieneed  on  hearing  their  woriu  praised  by 
the  public,  and  especially  by  the  soiliir  sex. 

Such  was  the  rapture  your  hdmble  servant 
Z  expctienocd  on  reading  Emily's  ilwrtbat 
sweet  epistle  in  your  last  Gazette.  Publish 
my  essays  in  a  separate  vokime !  Dear  orea> 
tnre,  to  be  sore  I  will !  What  can  Z  rafhss 
his  Emily  ?  Pray,  Mr.  Editor,  endeavour  to 
fish  her  residence  oat  for  me,  and  she  shall 
have  the  two  first  copies  tlwt  come  from  the 
press !  But  I  liad  almost  forgotten  roypurr 
pose— perhaps  wom'M,  rharraiag  woman — 
will  be  a  sufficient  apology. 

I  do  not  quite  nnderstand  whether  70a  re- 
ceived a  net  from  tne  on  the  subject  of  tiw 
omission  of  a  part  of  one  of  my  cocBmontca'*, 
tions,  to  which  omiaikm  you  have  alludcti  in 
your  last^week's  paper.  In  that  note, ,  I 
think,  I  said  that  perhaps  my  commonica- 
tiona  were  too  long  for  yonr  purpose ;  and, 
as  you  have  not  taken  qny  notice. of  this,  I 
conclude  thnt  you  have  danced  it  r,v«r  with 
your  uoual  courtesy,  an«f  shall  take  yonr  hint 
accordingly,  by  making  tills  letter  of  a  more 
moderate  length  than  my  former  ones.  If 
1  do  not  mistake,  some  of  your  readers  will  be 
mueh  obliged  to  roe  for  this-  new  arrange- 
ment, by  which  I  shall  be  obliged  to  con- 
fine jnyself  to  a  brief  4iescri|Hion  of'  the 
Stampert,  ftnlass  of  people  wiio  are  distin- 
gnishcd  Wf  the  loudness  and  frequency  of 
tlieir  stamping  when  tliey  first  enter  our 
npartmenU,  and  for  some  time  afterwards. 
The  Stampers  ma^  say  their  ii^ea  are  cold, 
but  it  is  no  such  thmg,  Mr.  Editor,  take  my 
vord  for.lt.  Ten  times  in  ekswen  that  they 
lliusdiolorb  us,  llicirtoes  are  warm  enough ; 
beeides,  if  we  admit  tliis  e.vcuse  for  titt: 


Stampers,  I  suppose  the  Drummers  will  tell 
us  tmir  fingers  are  cold,  and  tlie  Snorers 
that  |hey  sleep  to  keep  their  eyes  warm ;  .'it 
all  events  I  tlunk,  the  least  the  Stampers  can 
do,  L  to  haver  their  stamping  oat  on  deck, 
where,  during  the  cold  weatlier»  they  are 
certainly  privileged  to  exercise  Uwir  art  to 
the  full  extent  of  their  wishes,  as  long  m 
they  keep  before  the  main-mast. 

I  rather  :hink,  however,  that  if  this  prae* 
tice  could  b«)  banished  from  our  apartraenta, 
the  sum  tptisi  of  stamp^.g  woulil  be  much 
reduced;  foi,yoa  must  know,  M^.  Editor, 
I  have  reason  to  sospeet  that  the  motive  ia 
generally  the  same  as  that  by  which  thus, 
fiaagera,  Slaminers,  &c.,  are  actuated.  In 
short,  that  it  is  cinly  another  ingenkws  expe- 
dient for  announcing  to  us,  in  a  way  irnich 
cannot  possibly  eacape  notioe,  the  actunl  ar- 
rival orthe  por^  concerned. 

Bnt.itia  time  for  me  to  re;;Mirt  progress. 
Alas!  what  progreai  Inve  I  to  report !  1  see 
no  improvemont  exeepting  a  slirat  amend- 
ment in  the  fVhiitkr;  who,  by-the-by,^  lam 
sorry  to  hear,  are  nining  the  languiahiog 
sentimontal  style  of  the  Hummers. 

Th^  Drummers  indeed,  liave'fehcwnsone 
signs  of  a  new  pest  which  they  are  prepar- 
ing tor  us;  not  satisfieil  with  wbat  (neir 
fingers  can  perform  upon  the  tables,  I  hiave 
heard  a  foot  or  two  at  work  nnJer  them  for 
some  time  pnst,  by  which  a  sort  of  tattoo 
lias  been  produoeil,  almost  as  melodious  as 
the  other.  If  the  Drumroers  mean  to  con- 
tinne  this,  they  ought  in  common  decency, 
to  sit  without  shoes,  that  their  tapping  may 
not  disturb  us.  The  Slanuners  are  wm'se 
than  ever,  but  until  my  remedy  has  been 
fairly  trietl,  they  must  not  be  pronounced 
inooiTigible.  The  Snorers  snore  less,  hot  1 
fear  I  have  done  mischief,  for  they  alup  less 
also. 

AfroompiimcntRto  "  Nathan  l/mg-bow," 
and  I  will  take  his  case  into  consideration, 
iHtspeeting  the  ffonder-wot^ffart. 

If  my  Tricnd  <'  A  Spectator,'*  does  not 
give  the  Orowlert  a  hint  or  two,  it  will  be  a 
greut  pity  {  for,  our   late  hardsMpt  havtt 


71 


bat  1 


broni^t  them  oat,  u  a  wtrm  no  doM  the 
flies  in  tpriog. 

Beat  lore  to  Bmilr,  from  her  eonitant 
slave,  and       Your  obedieot  Senrant  J 

Z. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Winter  Chroniele. 

Mr.  EoiTOR^-I  hare  to  request  70U  will 
allow  me  a  short  spaee  in  jour  eolumnii,  to 
make  the  aoologjr  to  Peefntir-Tom  ^ftrt, 
whieh  the  crossness  of  mj  oflenee  demabds) 
and  I  beg  tr  jtsure  him,  thatwbml  as- 
snmtd  his  title,  my  seeondsrj  right  to  it  was 
omitted  purelr  from  inadverteney,  sod  not 
from  the  slightett  wish  to  claim  any  eon- 
neitioti  with  him.  To  tell  you  the  truth, 
(between  ourselre^  for  I  would  not  have  it 
generally  known,)  I  quite  tOrgot  the  exist- 
ence of  that  pre-enunent  personage.  Sic 
tranrit  gloria  numdi.       1  am.  Sir, 

Your  roost  obedieAt  8ei  vnnt, 
Psunro'Tox  •not  Sxcohd. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Winter  Chronicle. 

Sib— ^Uavlng  aeeidentaliy  heard  it  mmoar« 
ed,  that  it  is  in  eootemplatioo  to  send  oif  a 
oertab  number  of  balloons,  with  letters  oon- 
tainidg  an  account  of  our  situation,  &c.,  it 
has  occurred  to  me,  that  it  wtwjid  le  a  good 
opportunity  of  conTey'jg  also  to  England  a 
eopyofthe  Winter  Chronicle,  by  which  our 
frieuda  might  Lo  informed  before-hand,  iu 
what  manner  we  h.y  endeavouivd  to  drive 
away  themmaof  mter  in  North  Georgia. 
Indeed,  I  know  no  mode  of  conveyance  to 
exactly  acited  to  moat  of  the  productiohs 
which  ill  the  pages  of  your  Joomal.  There 
are  msay  which  being,  as  the  writers  con- 
tess,  <•  the  lightest  things  imaginable,"  are 
peculiarly  fit  for  thiskindof  travelling:  and, 
1.  think  it  is  not  impossible,  thai  some  of  your 
«orres|M»dents,  if  requested,  m%iit  furnish 
an  article  or  two  light  enough  to  assist  the 
halloou  m  their  aerial  voyage,  so  as  to  eco- 
nomise the  infiammabhi  gas^  which,  with 
the  heavier  prodnetions,  must,  as  yoa  wilt 
readily  allow,  be  used  in  profuse  abuadanee. 
Even  the  heaviotof  them,  haarever,  fnight 
perhaps,  with  good  manmement,  and  a  Tit- 
tle clipping  and  eortailki^  liia  made  to  rise 
much  abmre  the  level  wbfeb  has  hitherto 
been  assigned  to  them  hj  your  readers;  but 
whether  this  is  expeebng  -too  much  of  tbt 
inflammable  air,  I  leav^  to  your  more  scieii- 
tifio  correspondents  to  determine. 

Such  communications  as  consist  of  high* 
flown  language,  lofty  conceptions,  elevated 
sentiments,  esc,  will  find  themaetves  quite 
at  home  when  thus  conveyed  among  the 
clouds:  and  our  poets  who  kindly  furnish 
(heir  weekly  quota  of  rhymesfor  our  amuse- 
ment, and  who  have  hitherto  bad  the  morti- 
ficatiun  to  see  their  woi^s  confined  to  earth, 
like  mere  vulgar  proee,  may  now  hope  to 
behold  the  effiwts  w  (heir  respeetive  muses, 
keep  pace  with  the  most  poetical  imagina- 
tion, and  soaring  aloft  into  «  Heaven's  vast 


coneave,*'  take  a  U|||Mr  fight  thaa  avtn 
Pegasus  himself  ever  attemptad.  In  pur- 
suance of  the  Bhm  whkb  I  have  hen  pro- 
posed, it  would  be  adding  mmh  to  the  obli- 
gation you  have  already  conferred  upon  the 
puUie  as  Editor  of  the  Gnsetle,  if  you  woald 
employ  a  few  of  your  leisure  moments,  ia 
seleetmg  sueh  articles  fhmi  your  eolamns 
as  appear  to  yoa  best  qualified  for  the  re- 
spective purposes  of  carrying  or  being  car- 
ried :  and  it  will  naturally  occur  to  you,  that 
the  fairest  way  of  exeaatmg  this  useful  pro- 
ject will  be  to  tack  a  light  and  a  htavy  one 
in  the  same  pan  :l,  and  thus  to  coosign  them 
to  the  atmosphere.  For  example,  if  the 
letter  of  Z,  in  your  last  Number  bat  on* 
which  wu  universally  allowed  to  be  a  heavy 
one,,  and  that  of  «  N.  C",  in  a  former  one, 
were  pinned  into  one  bundle,  there  would, 
perhaps,  be  little  left  for  the  gas  to  do. 
And  so  of  many  others,  which  your  inge- 
nuirv  will  easily  enable  you  tt>  couple  in  a 
simuar  manner. 

I  ain,8ir. 

Your  most  bbedient, 

HujkMx  Hiaa-nna. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Winter  Chroniele. 

Mr.  EDnoBr-If  I  was  gratified  by  the 
visits  whrh  were  paid  to  our  ahips  this  time 
last  year,  whe.:  in  the  river,  how  much'more 
so  was  1  '.c  this  desolate  place,  to  meet  |my 
friend  £i.r  Partia-  Thaw,  under  the  stem  on 
Tuesday  lai^:.  I  gave  hiir  an  invitatien  to 
stay,  but  he  said  ihat  he  renetted  his  visit 
must  be  short,  for  he  was  ooligbd  to  attend 
in  othet  pliices;  and,  whde  he  assured  m« 
that  it  was  with  great  reluctance  he  left  as, 
he  was  so  deeply  cfieeted.  thtit  tue  natural 
warmth  and  goodness  ot  hu  beart  overflow, 
ed,  and  trickled  down  upon  the  snow.  He 
had  been  upon  ths  lower  deck,  he  said,  but 
finding  his  near  relatioB,  General  Thaw,  en- 
gaged the  attentioa  of  every  body,  he  had 
taken  his  leave  for  a  short  time. 

I  WM  going  to  pay  the  General  a  visi^ 
when  a  dewerate  Motest  arose  between  Shr 
Partial  and  General  Frost.  It  appeared 
that  the  latter  had  so  long  occupied  the 
spate  under  the  stern,  that  ^  deemed  Sir 
Partial's  visit  an  intVingement  on  his  prero- 
(.>  live,  and  that  Sir  Partial,  from  dictates  of 
numanity,  was  desirous  of  expelling  him 
iVoin  his  post,  and  ridding  the  shipsof  a  very 
'Usagreeuble  and  intruding  visitor,  who,  he 
said,  was  not  contented  with  remaining  o*- 
'  the  upper  deck,  but,  on  finding  a  diffienl^ 
in  getting  down  the  hatchways,  had  had  the 
impudence  to  creep  in  at  the  cabin  window. 
The  General  was  <H>durate,  and  Sir  Partial 
finding  knock-down  argumenti  did  not  suc- 
ceed, endeavoured  by  gentle  means  to  soften 
tlie  Crencral  into  ocnpliance,  ami  was  so 
successful,  ihat  he  was  content  to  scuik  be- 
hind a  eadt  fbr  a  considerable  time,  until 
Sir  Parti».l  was  gone,  when  he  stole  out  bj 
degrets.  N. 


ih: 


t2 


JDrwi 

To  Ik  hi  bid  MiA  BBcditale, 
And  tten  « ic£e«i  <.  iCcipate, 
UbtU  ny  )>-«>'  *^"^  pkipHaut* 

WNn«' !  hi-  *  ««•  rfuikhif, 

"       I' .  '  /» ,  .tiD4iBi»b«]r«iid'm««Mre. 

Wfc-v  ^?  ->.  'i""  •^<Mt  we  whining,        ;  , ,  „ 
iifld  fci^itt  -.'f   ^^en  deellnlng, 
What  kcj ;  »;»«  sr  «m  repiningT 

T^wstiii-ge,  and  trust  above! 


rdiucof*. 
God  is  our  thield  dcTcnriTo 
Thronghoat  the  irorid  eztouive, 
ma  uerBf  eompvllMMWo, 

Pinerftitwr  wawttwt  Ioto. 

■idBid  haiMUpc  ofcrtake  ai, 
IM,  thov  Mr  WHiger  ahake  m, 
Olt^Ckid-wUlJie'erforMkeaa, 
Wiko  worketh  iJl  Ar  good ! 

WhWi  p«rila  bid  difinnae 
To  iMlman  aklQ  and  aeicHM, 
On-Amhe  ot!   nrlianoe 

Who  r^iad'fbr  oa  bia  ItlcHtd ' 


80NOFBOM  THE  NORTH-WBaT  PASSAf  E. 

WRITTEN  BY  MR.  WAKBHAM, 

Am  amro  bt  ki^  rAsuB. 
I. 
FiBCvrst  to  the  land  where  the  winter  w^re  paat, 
Tlw  akipa  all  a^ant>to,  we  leave  it  at  laat, 
Wh^b  onr  bofi^a  are  awcUlog 
For|pcd«  of  renown  i  ■  .     ,  ^  ^ 

Beneath  UwSraftUB  hovjring  the  e«M  wyVe  defied. 
We've  ttiop'd  for  our  h^lth  o^^  Ae  fihn  fixnen  tide, 
Attdncvt&Tk(!«pii^il9«heerfnliie(|*atiU,  ,    ... 

£at  our  nv>,  drank  onr  grog,  vriUi  flMHuty  good  will, 
^  lute  oar  hoaona  were  awelhaft , 
.  For  doeda  of  renown.,  r^'i*',^!   ■, 

Tift  MMr^hen  the  aon  in  thh  ^•^ion  r'lika  low, 
"    Thebeorainkoalonf  nap— ■!>«:■  we  oh;  ant  aiH    ••- 

WMIc  our  boioaa -.  «  v£  aweiiiaf 

FordoodaofronOw^u 
We  had  aao#  tt^bo  aoltad,  <iv^  dinner  waodreM,^ 
We  M  becf^tt  be  l«f»«'4,  aou  'twaaaoaw  af  the  beat : 
Blit  what  moat  I  adiidiMa,  while  we  wanted  du.  light» 
Ww'thojgMl^^yBBiiid  oa  '0««e  «  fint-night, 

While  <lirMaomi  were  iiweUiag 

FtordeedaofreMwn. 

■    n.; 

]beforekwaadaikiatl|iadeadif|»nflt,    ._# 
1  he  deer  catne  around  m,  and  died  bf  QOr  WK, 

While  oar  boanna  were  awelling 

For  deeds  of  renown.  . 
With  venison  and  beef,  we  eared  not  the  lea«t 
Fur  the  famed  tattle  amp  of  an  alderman's  " 
A  flavor  Uvea  well,  if  he  geubut  enough 
or  Boaaething  anbstantial,  or  tender  or  tou^, 

Whtto  our  boinwa  are  awelling 

For  ^eda  of  renown. 

IV. 

Kow  the  4|H|8^^*"  retum'd,  well  midi  on  #lUioitt  fear, 
And  prove  to  oar  ooontr;-  that  while  ijing  we^, 

9ti}|  onr  bdaoeu  were'jweding      .      , 

For  deeds  of  reno^-n. 

*  Tho  motto  apm  the  binwole  of  the  Heela. 


■*i 


<# 


^ 


If  ioe  ihoald  impede  m,  oar  promw  tbo*  dov. 
Well  adTaww  alt  we,«M|  V  w ipd»  fail  m  weMltow  i 
irohanoeU  un  on«i«d,oar«lif««rMkM  iJeag 
Shall  follow  uc  eloM,  md  well  tnne  op  a  aong, 

While  our  boaoim  m  aweUkii 

For  deeda  of  reoown. 

V. 


wnms  mtmktei,  and  doehMCaM  Hom, 
j^  w?nPMltfie  bright  Unh  ef  Hm  man, 


T|i» 
How_ 

WMIe  oar  boaoaw  »re  I 

For  deeda  of  reaoWn; 
That  Aewa  oa  H;ain«at  leved  rode  oToor  iala» 
Where  aroaAd  na  mt  whrea  and  aar<liMl»«|Mi.aaiUe. 
Andrewarda that  await M retamld Snm  aiw, 
ttmt  how  wvmly  OU  Engiaikl  laatMdbora  the  «ar» 

Whin  our  teaoOa  are  aweUieg 

Itr  deeda  of  renowD. 


SONG  FROM  TfiE  NORTH-WEST  fASBASiE. 


WBITTKN  B7  MB.  WAJLEBJLiA, 

Am  vna  Bt  km.  oonnrEB. 
Txmtr-^  Come  cheer  vp,  my  ladt." 
I. 
At  laat  brother  tare  here  we  are  a;t  the  straiit, 
And  4ie  faned  Kortb-weat  PaiH^  ia  tra^erMed  eomplete ; 
O'erlbe  wMeiolUne  wavwtothe  aootbward  wellitoer, 
And  Wii«Mf  m^  i*.tbe  land  of  good  eheer. 
In  ttie  iee  of  tka  nan^  J^ntUi  heaeto  were  our  own, 
Siillaeelwg  for  glory, 
Fanoplainatorf, 
W«'w  gaia'd  (ptr  Old  Eogitna  new  waya  of  renown. 

II. 

>Mid.darkness  and  «tor«n»  a  longe*  winter  we  rtay M, 
WtiOe  the  eryitalliied  oeean  oar  efferta  dday*d^ 
Till  aammer  retnrning  HP^n  ibt  as  free. 
And  <»«»'d  <(fe«  **y  to  t»»t  »«f  WMtem  aea. 
In  the  ioe  of  ^  north  Britiih  heart*  were  oar  own, 
Sttll  seel^ns  for  f^ory, 
jfamoua.in  rtoiy, 
WeVe  gnin^lbr  0*d  Ifoglaadnew  iraya  4^  renown. 

lit 

What  feenngt  of  pteaanve,  what  jojra  iMI  expmd, 
When  onee  more  we't-o  Hearing,  fair  Atbicn,  thy  strand  j 
Ikli^ted  our  boHwni  whh  tnmsport'ibai  nwell, 
Andfondiy  each  toogae rf itt  happinen tell. 
In  the  iM  of  the  nwth  Briti*  heartt  were  oer  own, 
Still  leeUog  for  gior7, 
Famous  in  story. 
We've  gam'd  for  Old  l^ngland  new  way ;  of  renown. 

IV. 

Our  ooiintry  »h«H  hail  oar  etnpruw  with  aoelairu, 
Atteropled  for  »«r«s  by  ahiefUioB  of  fame  j 
Fot  §m\  nfr«f   ^     nae  evinced  in  her  eaoae. 
Hits  «  « ■        •     I    iii^  t«»e  Britons'  «pnlau»e. 
Tjs  UJi^  f**!  (v  '  ito    ttvth  Britiih  iw«rt8  were  our  own, 
Sfeil  aeeking  for  gipry, 
f.-  Parotms  in  story, 

ii^      We've  gamed  for  Old  EngUnd  new  ways  of  renown. 


l-. 


74 


No.  XXI-^MONDATr  IIABCH  SO,  18£0. 


Ttlht  Bdkuf^Um  WbHtr  ChwdoU. 

%iMf\  iiMr  itnidtlMt  (b«  North  OMrgia 
Quttte  ia  •om  to  dl«  »  nMnI  4Mdi,  ud  I 
«m  torrirrorUi  te thm Moit  joar < 
Miid«atZlMtalMirbi«MrpOM<  ~ 
-^  OthvUe't  OMtti»tian%tBM  !* 

I  had  iirQpand  •  kttar  In  ymatmm  of 
nv  former  plu>i  but  MlMkMifenMdtlMt 
thii  U  the  iMi  eommDHleatkm  whWh  I  ihaU 
Wfte  M  opportunitf  of  Ujiag  belbre  jroar 
readert,  during  tbk*  aeaton,  1  aappoaa  I  niut 
ohangn  my  note,  aiid  be  upon  my  good  be- 
vaviour. 

II  hat  been  very  amuaing,  and  I  muit  add 
venr  flattering  tn  me,  to  hear  the  eoqieetures 
whieb  have  been  femutd  eoneemlng  the  au- 
thor of  Z't  lettera,  and  the  remarfu  whieh 
have  been  made  upon  them  \tj  the  indivi* 
duali  ol'  our  coramunhjit  and  I  am  not  alto- 

Sther  without  hope  that  1  have  done  lome- 
iBg  towardi  removing,  at  leait  in  part,  the 
annoyanoei  of  whieh  I  odmplained. 

A  rrioMt  of  mine  in  London,  who  baa  » 
ahare  in  ■  patent<4het  mamiGwtory,  onee  ox- 
plained  tome  the  manner  in  whieh  the  rou^d 
or  perfect  «hot  are  wparatad  from  thaw 
wUeb  are  oval,  and  therefore  unfit  for  uie. 
BeUig  all  made  to  roll  down  an  inelined 
plane,  the  round  onea  roll  straight  forward 
to  die  lower  end,  while  the  oval  ones  are 
fimnd  to  waddle  to  the  «dge  of  the  pbme,  and 
lall  over  befbre  they  c  :n  reaeh  the  bottom. 
I  have  often  been  reminded  of  this  eontri- 
▼kiiee,  in  observing  that  \\mWhi»a»rt,  Slam- 
fMTf,  ke.  Ice.  ke.  have  waddled  on  one  tide 
wl^  applied  to  the  inelined  plane  afliirded 
by  Z^eommonleetkNML  and  have  immediate- 
fy  fallen  into  the  ranks,  under  the  sevoral 
beads  to  whieh,  aeeording  to  their  retpeetive 
qualifioatioos,  they  know  themselves  to  he- 
long.  Some  of  them  have  not  mneh  relished 
being  made  to  waddle  In  this  mnnner.  and 
would  rather  have  buen  allowed  to  roll  on 
atraight  forward  to  the  end  of  the  ehapter. 
This  is  all  very  natural,  but  it  is  no  fault  of 
nine  t  they  arc  no  shot  of  my  making.  I 
think  I  have  ''cne  them  tome  serviee  in 
pointing  out  their  defora;tv  i  and  if  they 
will  get  their  oval  ends  rounded  off  before 
die  re-eommeneement  of  the  news-papers, 
I  promise  diont  they  shall  hear  no  more 
firomZ. 

Bat,  to  be  serious,  if  the  annoyaneet  to 
whieh  my  letters  allude  are  real,  tney  ougl. 
to  be  remedied ;— if  iroaghiary,  if  nobody 
pnfitiaes  them, then  is  there  no  "  gidhd  jade 
to  winee,"— ell  our  "withenare  unwrang," 
-4n  short,  if  the  eap  fit*  tnibody,  let  nobody 
wear  it! 

Bat  since  the  game  is  up  for  tiie  present, 


I  have  no  hositation  In  aataring  you  aid  year 
readers,  that  the  classes  described  in  ay  iiet 
letter  are  as  eooq^lely  the  ereataroa  of  im- 
aghntion.asovereatnrod  into  tha  hfid  of  • 
poet.  I  had  at  that  than  no  iotentioa  «f  eon- 
tin«iacinyeorrespoodenM,aBnch  leaa  had 
I  eonoeived  any  thiog  like  •  reguhv  aaviea  of 
saehdeaarintions.  It  wnayoar  readers  thorn- 
selves  who  Brat  pat  this  into  my  head,  and 
made  mo  lock  aboat  aao  for  soah  soUocts, 
aa  well  bv  the  hinu  with  whlA  their  i«- 
marks  daily  furnished  me,  as  by  the  earnest 
anplications  made  to  me,  through  the  me- 
dium of  your  paper.  Itwa8then,andtben 
only,  that  I  heaan  to  be  real^  b  oamest,aad 
to  copy  Amn  life.  For  insiaaao,  the  publio 
are  wholly  Indebted  for  the  description  I 
have  endeavoured  to  give  of  the  Sntrtrt,  to 
the  uneoQseious  sugnsUons  of  one  of  that 
dosing  fratemityt  and  the  same  is  true  of  the 
more  Innocent  Stampert.  As  for  the  Skm- 
fiMTi,  it  is  mora  than  probable  that  thay 
irould  have  remabed  altogether  unknown  lb 
Z.,  unlets  ihej  had  been  pointed  out  to  hit 
notice  by  hit  eorretpondent  X.;  aud  to  of 
one  or  two  other  clattet. 

So  much  for  thie  account  I  purpose  to  give 
of  my  leltert;  may  I  be  permitted  to  say 
a  woid  or  two  of  myself,  as  it  is  a  subject 
which  has  afforded  me  much  entertainment. 
There  is  scarcely  one  among  us  who  has  not 
hazarded  a  conjecture  who  Z  is.  One  I  find 
"  knows  me  wells"  a  second  has  found  me 
out  by  the  shortness  of  my  sentences;  another 
"  deteeta  qM  at  first  sight,'*  by  a  ceruin  fault 
in  mygnuMaar,  of  whieh  he  hu  observed  I 
am  often  gplty  m  conversation ;  a  fourth  de- 
clares if'impossible  to  miaUke  me,"  though 
ho  does  not  say  why,  «  and  wonders  at  ue 
want  ofdis^trnment  in  those  who  are  •!  a 
lots  about  met"  andafiflL  is  "quitepori- 
tive"  who  I  am,  en  aocount  <^  a  paiticular 
turn  of  expression  which  always  was,  is  still, 
and  ever  will  be  i^ine,  and  mine  exclusively. 

A  meumato  took  me  aside  the  other  day, 
and  with  a  look  full  of  mysterious  impoi:- 
tanoe,  told  me  in  eoniidence  that  he  knew 
who  Z.  was.  ««Do  you  really?"  said  I; 
'<  ITes,  it  it  to  and  to."  "  No !  it  it  indeed?" 
"  Yes,"  replied  my  cunning  meumate,  with 
a  knowing  shake  of  the  head,  «I  had  it  Ihm 
nod  authority."  Thinks  I  to  myself;  vou 
know  nothbg  at  all  about  it ;  but  I  pirnni'sed 
to  keep  his  secret,  and  ao  I  will. 

The  truth  is,  Mr.  Editor,  that  having  for 
the  first  ten  weeks  of  the  publication  of  your 
paper,  openly,  avowed  my  incapacity  or  un- 
wilMngoess  to  write  for  it,  and,  to  my  shame 
be  It  recorded,  even  spoke  disrespectfully  of 
a  scheme  of  amusement  to  which  I  was  my- 


m. 


m 


"tj^*-'M?™'*^fc;J 


n 


•Mian  indolent  to ecr.tribat«, I  havi fcand 
roywir  Mcurely  iheliertd  of  brtt  oodw,  my 
MlMf  dealmikm^  m4  hava  thotlMMiikf 
MM  to  join  in  tht  Mneral  iMgH,  orto  pt^ 
vgmVlfmj  oeeMioiuu  exprenioo  ofdhpie*" 
ifl*  vtti  M  moeh  appareat  uneonceni  Many 
]«walMiit  ine.  It  w  no  great  wonder  dwt 
man  do  not  eaaily  find  him  out,  who  haa 
iivdiy^been  aMe  to  perwide  Aftiafl^that  he 
haa  written. 
When  ehiMren  play  at  hide  and  aeelK,  they 

'  are  tolittiat  they  "  Uam"  when  they  eome 
near  tho  hiding-plaee ;  bat  1  ean  aMore  thoae 
who  have  aearahed  for  Z.,  that  they  have 
neva»  hren  warm,  no  not  within  a  mile  of 
the  ire  i  they  are  all  equally  luiOwta(,  and 
all  Mually  wrote. 

Adleii^^Mr.  Kditor,  for  the  present,  i 
trwtiny  nexfaomrounlcatioo  maybe  the 
growth  of  a. more  genial  elimate;  may  it 
■prinjg  np  amidit  the  rieh  loxurianee  of  the 
Sooth  Sea  lalandt !  Believe  me,  there  are 
nttne  of  your  eorretpondenU  or  readeia  who 
entertain  this  hope  more  eonfidently,  and 
who  wk  willing  to  do  mate  towards  itaeom- 
pfetkM,  thui  yoar 

l^nknown  and  obedient  Servant, 

*  ■ z- 

IfStB— As  I  was  one  of  the  first  among 
if^oiir  eorrespondents  to  address  you  at  the 
coinmencement  of  your  editorial  laboars,and 
to  express  my  good  wishes  for  the  sneeesa  of 
your  undertaking,  so  t  am  equally  desirousi 
now  that  I  undersund  yrnir  paper  to  shortly 
to  be  discontinued,  to  express  to  you  the 
gratifioation  I  have  derived  from  the  spirit 
with  which  the  Winter  Chroniele  has  been 
supported  tor  one-and-twenty  weeks,  and  the 
amusement  I  have  received  from  nnany  of  its 
pages,  during  that  tedious  interval. 

As  an  individual  of  thdt  oommu  ily  to 
whose  amusement  you  have,  daring  the  win- 
ter, devoted  a  certam  weekly  portion  of  your 
time,  I  am  anxious  to  convey  toyonmy  Hiare 
of  the  acknowledgment  wliieh  is  SO  justly 
yoUKdue.  Nor  can  1  omit  to  express  my  ob- 
liglPtoo  to  the  two  gentlemen  whose  xekl  in 
theianse  of  gnod  humour  and  eheerfuhiess 
has  induced  them  to  copy,  with  uneeaaing 
punctuality,  for  our  perasa),  the  varioos 
coromunioatioiis  with  which  your  box  has 
been  tarnished.  It  will  be  genei-aHy  altowed 
that  the  original  purpose  of  the  Wintel* 
Chronicle  has  beer,  completely  answered. 
It  has  certainly  served  to  "  exercise  tlie  in- 
genuity" of  several  of  oar  community ;  an<l 
we  have  seen  it  raise  many  a  lHUt;n,  and 
many  a  hearty  one  too,  at  a  time  vhen  in 
the  ordinary  course  of  our  affairs,  thera  Wias 
little  or  nothing  to  make  us  smile ;  and  be- 
sides the  amusement  it  has  tdfonled  at  the 
time  of  reading  it,  1  have  observed  that  some 
of  the  artieles  in  each  paper,  have  usually 
fiimidied  subject  for  good-humootvd  eoi.vei-- 
aation  during  the  ensuing  week,  at  the  expi- 
ration of  vrnich  a  fresh  supply  has  been 


broniM  Ibrward  to  faMI  (ke  lanw  qnd.  U 
will,  perkapa,  be  el^toa  by  some  of  vow 
more  serious  raMkra,  that  tlM  tinie  thus 
■pent  migfrt  Imm  been  better  employed;  to 
whiehl  mayrepiy,  that  it  might  »l«ohave 
been  worse  employed,  or  even  no|«mployed 
at  all.  *•  Better  do  rohHhlit'thawdo  nothing,' ' 
says  the  proverb,  andth#lbirii,ir  iMLthelet* 
trrofthhmaxhn,  is  right.  ^ 

But  it  is  saMI  that  there  are  one  or  two  of 
yonr  rendapi  Yho  have  not  derived  so  mdeli 
amasementlraai  tht  peniaal  of  yonr  papers, 
aa  the  rest  of  na^  and  who  are  even  aaM  to  bn 
rtther  oflbnded  at  some  of  the  waggiah  eom- 
muniealions  eootained  hi  them.  If  thia  bn 
the  ease^  whiek,  however,  1  ean  saareely  be- 
lieve, there  la  DOW  no  remedy  for  it  tbot  I 
will  venture  to  assert  that  no  one  aitiele  has 
been  penned  with  anv  intention  of  givfaif 
offence  to  an  individual  of  our  party. 

We  are  now,  Mr.  Editor,  to  enter  on  • 
Afferent  ooeupntion,  In  which  all  your  r«ad^ 
era,  whether  eontriboton^  or  noo-«ootriba« 
tm,  will,  I  am  aore,  arast  eordtolly  jofai ;  and 
I  hope  y«t  to  aee  those  at  whose  exiMiiae  • 
latigh  has  oeeasiooally  been  raiaed  in  thn 
Winter  Chroniele,  hiagh  in  their  turn  ^ 

they  shall  see  their  naaaeaoeenpytog  a 

hoiiourable  phie«  hi  the  London  tinnetto- 
I  an,  Mr.  Editor, 
Tour  oMi|edand  obedient  Servaat, 
.      Pau^Comn. 

To  the  EdUw  of  the  WtMrn-'jChniikk^ 

Mn.  EsiTon^-Before  your  papera  eeiM 
for  thu  season,  allow  ma  to  insert  some 
wishes  which  I  most  fervently  entertain,  and 
in  whieh  I  doabt  not  that  many  of  your 
readers  will  join  with  me. 

First,  then,  I  wish  your  entertaining  pa- 
pers may  appear  at  our  breakfast-table  with 
th\9  very  first  Mondav  after  our  houaing  is 
put  over  the  ships  the  next  winter— sbouMl 
weh  again  he  the  case. 

Next,  I  wish  an  early  summer  to  sueh  aa 
want  to  go  westward,  and  eternal  frost  to 
those  whose  minds  are  bent  the  other  way 
if  any  such  Uiel%  be. 

I  wuh  a  safe  passage  to  the  rein-deer,  a 
^utheriy  wind  to  the  duoka,  and  sueeess  to 
the  sportsmen. 

I  wish  aa  idle  birth  to  our  doctors  for  tha 
remainder  of  the  voyage,  and  a  day's  sick- 
ness to  those  who  lightly  treat  the  comphunta 
tf  others. 

I  wish  a  speedy  sight  of  Behringis  Straits 
to  the  sanguine,  disappointment  to  the  de- 
sponders,  and  moderation  to  boasters. 

Tc  advocates  for  cold,  I- wish  frost-bitten 
fingers ;  and  to  eomplainers  of  it  a  vertieal 
sun. 

I  wish  to  husbands  patienee,  to  their  whres 
constancy,  and  to  lovers  fidelity. 

Lastly,  I  wiA  perfect  health  to  every  one: 
the  pleasure  of  revisiting  our  native  country 

K 


^#- 


» 


^^■.-A»  «Wii«»i     '—w  -.■ 


m 
^ 


10 


•»,.- 


■J%',' 


•••••••••••••••Ma  • 


Man  I  nhrmutltit  to  8«<|ri— » gkipww. 
mnicera,  Im.:  waMM  to  ov  tojj^^,  mmI 


Tour  welt-wid 


widwr 


f 


niAi 


BSKHKT. 


On  Thnndajr  «««nhif  wm  mnt»Med  th« 
farae  of  the  CVl/aMr  to  whMl  imH  Mided  the 
•Mayor  ^Oarrattf  IwIm  iIm  tMt  oT'oar 
TlwMtrieaUnlerUhinimttlbrtlMMMoa.  At 


tbf  end  uftlw  laat  Kwrne  an  apMopriate  and 
•TiiMiaied  Farewel  .4tldrtm,nim  the  pen  oT 
Mt'.  Wakehan,  was  ttMlwn  by  that  gevlte' 
n  «n  in  the  eharaeter  of  a  lailor,  and  rceeiv- 
•d  with  the  moit  raptarooa  applaaie.  The 
«hc>le  eoneluded  with  Gerfmnw  thtXtnf,in 
f  whieh  all  the  peribrmen,  at  well  aa  mott  of 
the  audienee  joined ;  and  t^  ewrtaia  fcif, 
•midtt  the  loufl  itnd  heMrtj  eheera  of  the 
^hole  ftooae.  Our  r»ml<H«  wiil  find  *  nopv 
•f  the  AddrcM,  wirh  wtitefi  iff  ha»«  b*',)- 
ffavound,  in  the  Mibaeqaent  v^fi,'.*  •af  tiiia 
Ifumber. 

I'hm  ha^  ended  aaerie*  of  dramalie  en^e^• 
tainMeali^  whieh  ham  Mrved  to  begnile  tb« 
tediout  teaaon  of  a  long  and  eheerleaa  whiter. 
In  theprogmt  of  thaae  ovtntabmenta,  we 
have  taken  rreqnent  oeeaekm  to  ei^rew  iNir 
aviation  of  the  good  eIRwt  wUak  thib  kind 
jf  anraieatent  haa  pfodoeed  amoag  thore  lor 
■whoae  diveraion  they  wore  ehiefly,  if  not  »• 
olmivelljr  intended  i  sud  we  may  now  add, 


that  ^iMb  auMOMive  roufeaentaliM  hoe  MM* 
edte,aonftrm  (ko  eonvMtioa. 

Tw  promotion  of  ehoaofnlneaa  — onf  tly . 
iMnvaaflsaMeetwMeh.fai  oar  proMllol* 
toation,  ealletf  for  our  beat  eaeitioli  "i^* 
penona  iioaaaaiing  no  aoureea  of  am«o«o(H 
wMlfin  tbeoaaclvea,  aome  aueh  rneono  WOM 
more  than  Moal^ neeeamry, eapeelallv hin 
elimate  when  tho^tvjagged  aapeet  of  Mtnre 
haa  little  to  enlWon  tlie  mind,  or  to  dimipale 
thejrioom  of  dcopoMenoy. 

The  good  eonaeqaenoea  reaulthitif^  tlw 
unt«iaittod  exotiona  that  hare  bo«i  madO 
to  attain  tbia  dNirable  end.  eannot,  poriiapa, 
be  aafReiently  nprebended  it  preaenti  ttieir 
infloeneo  may  m  expeeted  to  extend' to  the 
latest  period  of  our  vovBge^oud  MOy,  per- 
hapa,  be  liereafter  conaiderM  na  htving  nM- 
terully,  though  indireotly,  eoMribnted  to  the 
ultimate  aueoem  of  our  onterpriM. 

Theatre  Royal^  North  Georgia, 

ThO  Manager  and  Committee  tll^  tliia 
publiOlUoihod  of  returning  their  Iwat  ohnka 
to  the  gentlemen  who  h^yf  ao  lihorally  eon« 
trihnted  towarda  the  aopptMt  of  the  theatre. 

Nor  can  they  le|  the  opportunity  MM 
without  expreaaing  the  high  gratifieation  mtf 
have  reeeired  in  the  diaehafge  of  theh-  d«l# 
aa  eommittee-men,  from  the  willhigneM  with 
whieh  eaeh  gentleman  haa  eadeavonred  to 
anpport  the  eharaetera  whieh  hare  been  aa- 
aigiwd  to  him,  and  from  the  good  humour 
and  nnanimity  which  have  preruicd  throo|^< 
out  tlw  aeaaoo. 


FttrthtULH^tumliertf  the  Winter  Chntdck. 

CowK  Muae,  and  attend  to  my  laat  inroeation. 
Come  mourn  with  your  pupil  the  Chroniole'ii  eloao ! 

Ko  more  ahall  we,hear  Monday  mom^  titteratkm. 
That  wOleomed  ita  pagee  in  rerae  or  in  proao. 

What  wondenpoi'forro'd  by  ita  two  aheeta  per  week! 

How  atraioM  our  invention  and  faenltieaail ! 
If  half  the  bolkheada  of  the  cabina  oould  apeak. 

They'd  ahew  thatinveution,  nor  feeble,  nor  amall. 

Fair  Damea  it  haa  brought  to  l^orth  Georgia')  ahore, 
Manufaetnred  a  ghoat  and  an  animal  atrange; 

That  (named  the  Encea)  you'll  hear  of  no  more 
In  foreala  or  flooda  rhrough  all  nature^  wide  range. 

Here  yon  and  your  uatera  inspired  our  ny  youth, 
Tiir  « Heaven'k  vau eootave" reaooQded their  aongs ■ 

ASueb  nonaenae  we've  rea4,  and  a  great  deal  of  truthi. 
Well  founded  comphunta,  and  aome  fanciful  wrongs 

Ev'n  loggerheada  welt  couM  contribute  their  aharea 
To  the  weekly  eonUnta  of  the  Edhoc^a  box ; 

The  world  waa  soon  told  of  our  weighty  affiiica. 
The  doadi  of  u  gull,  or  eaeapo  oTa  MK. 


■?*• 


■%^.'^^ 


•I 


» 


M|7 


.?! 


X 


% 


■«M 


ll^^W  »^w#l^HP 


Vhm'^iiltlMilrMr^vUliX.T.ttiir,  « 

Mark  and  BBily.  fUr  mMi  I  lat,  ^ 

And  Antl<Malp  AwMklM  infhanMqnite  to  briilM. 


There'ba  pom  bwMw.  bat  bfMMaiaf  tiMra 
I  patieoM  aad  papci'MKNild  •qaali]r«aiie , 

Th«  piaaningtaf  mmm  woukt  a  eounaimr  pal'  *• 

But  Mw  u»  laoiient  thtk  nkfortuota  I  hMtt 

Tha  Plasra  a»d  (b«  Papers  together  cnlp, 
And  Poct%  and  Aelqrs,  and  Damea  pImIm  thdr  hMt 

To  MMrtli*  pwting  nKHMnU  111  njr  that  tMr  Are 
Hm  not,  in  thia  region,  been  ereraiHpaiaU. 

Wintrj  «i«i  of  th*  North !  «ho  hav*  aaribblad  itmtf 
To  ihav*  ornroow  nt,  neeept  •  aad  aigh 

Fnm  one  Who  hat  lometiniea  attkmnled  a  lay  i 
And  thoi,  BrMher*8eribblen,  I  bid  yod  good*b7it 


w 


*■» 


A  FAI^ELlS  ADDRESS 

mit$m  and $peken  bg Mr.  R'uMBn,  in  lAaflfannbr  a/* a  SaiUr,  a$  thtjtnalehte 
of  the  Perfkrmanmtu  Urn  JfMK  OnrgL  TlmOrt. 


■'»«.• 


i 


m 


Dhxab  wa«  the  nMtt  that  Natara's  tendVimmd^ 
When  lightt  lot  gleam  this  aaddenM  region  tad  { 
No  aethre  aeeaea  diaaiTn'd  iti  torpid  power. 
Nor  aoft  aoeietT  beguiled  the  hoort 
The  dark  dull  aeaaon  oall'd  for  otheraid, 
Our  oomio  talenu  then  we  eneh  caaay'd— 
Here  Garriek's  heroea  mimio  pnnioni  mot*, 
And  liit'ning  Udiei  melt  at  tales  of  love  ( 
For  woman^  lemblanee  graced  our  GeorgiaB  alag*. 
The  ttrangeat  medley  of  the  present  age  |<~> 
A  paper  bonnet  oft  her  bead  embraeeo. 
Her  oanvaa  atayt  were  br  a  tailor  laeed. 
The  dreit  in  whieh  her  beauty  MOj^t  to  lUne 
Form'd  and  arranged  bv  finger*  maaeuline  !— 
Her  ribbont,  paintadf— un,  her  riitt'rinctan— 
Bright  beads  uer  diamonds,  ana  herself-araan! 
The  Drama's  beanx  were  not  to  be  andone,— 
Fox-hunting  squires  in  paper  boot-topa  dnne,* 
And  the  plump  landlord,  when  he  took  a  swig, 
Conoeal'd  hia  Uuahes  by  an  Oakum  wigy- 
Tin  spare,  and  paper  frills  for  Dandiea  made. 
And  bear-skhi  wbitkeiv  help*d  the  gay  parade: 
But  jestii^  o'wio  night  the  plays  w«  ehae. 
For  passing  winter  atka  no  more  repose. 

As  the  brave  soldier,  on  the  martial  field 
O'erborne  by  tenfold  odds  and  foreed  to  yield. 
PressM  by  the  oaptiTe  obain  feels  not  its  weipit, 
When  on  the  thunders  of  the  nearer  fight 
His  fate  siwpended  hangs,  till  Viethy t  tide 
Proeiniros  the  eonquer'd  now  the  eonquMng  side  t 
Then  freed  onee  more  he  shines  in  radiant  anB% 
And  mingling  eager  in  the  war's  alarms 
Feels  the  new  wrong  withiai  bis  bosom  g^w. 
And  bursU  indignant  on  th'  embahled  foe. 
So  we^  aeeored  by  Winter's  ley  ehain. 
Awhile  the  pris'ners  of  iU  gloomy  reign. 
Hear  in  the  Mast  that  sweeps  the  froMn  sea 
The  friendly  soundthat  soon  diali  set  us  free. 
When  hasting  fiorward  with  impatient  foree 
Hope's  eheemg  ray  shall  gild  oar  Wcaten  «Qane. 


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''^vi 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


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1^128  12.5 
^  1^  III  2.2 
H:   »£    12.0 


1.25  I 


U    IIIIII.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

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4  I 


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9  Am 

^^ J  i»»ili|Jl3fc  >■■&•<»  ■MrgBlile. 

Whoa  b  owfiroMtbf  ice  4|Mp«lwl^» 

Now  (oMiloltotfiiBni,  now  to  Boathflfii^HM  r 

Wlwai»«MN(MioMviailiMdloiiK*v*y 

JMMMM^SliM  i)w  KqaUt  »aia  t 
ilMllil|^^|«MlvtlMtiiilMi«  wkiA^MlM  o'er  ill. 

Win  IM^  ORtWard  Otrg*  tbe  iej  rand 

TowliBf*: 


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1riioi#«MMi^»l  IM  tiwt«Mk%ntirtr  tar 
Bnltt  tn  (i|iSiiiinilMiii>|-^*^)iM<l  thttfhr— 


11ielio^tliit;iaiM»4tM^ri>f>l«««^n  «tr  toil, 
AMdhoMWi  ilMt  okfiM  dwr  tiMHw  hH. 
IMt«Biiki'k  l>Mii'«*taitti»d  fa  oar  dw*-, 
tb  tlifi  emii&dlVliMi  eTflorr  leMb  i-- 

BMht«siWllt)tti>t4il«  iB^iN*«»^ 
Bid*  W oar  WMMtit  Mid OilNelwBi  rev«f«i 


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